EP2657794B1 - Barrel spring and arbour - Google Patents

Barrel spring and arbour Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2657794B1
EP2657794B1 EP12165537.7A EP12165537A EP2657794B1 EP 2657794 B1 EP2657794 B1 EP 2657794B1 EP 12165537 A EP12165537 A EP 12165537A EP 2657794 B1 EP2657794 B1 EP 2657794B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
barrel
arbor
profile
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP12165537.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2657794A1 (en
Inventor
Laurent Kaelin
Arthur Queval
Marco Rochat
Thierry Conus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse SA
Original Assignee
ETA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by ETA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse SA filed Critical ETA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse SA
Priority to EP12165537.7A priority Critical patent/EP2657794B1/en
Priority to EP13163792.8A priority patent/EP2674817B1/en
Priority to RU2013119128A priority patent/RU2609397C2/en
Priority to US13/869,480 priority patent/US9317013B2/en
Priority to JP2013092016A priority patent/JP5749760B2/en
Priority to CN201310148320.7A priority patent/CN103376727B/en
Publication of EP2657794A1 publication Critical patent/EP2657794A1/en
Priority to HK14103820.4A priority patent/HK1190805A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2657794B1 publication Critical patent/EP2657794B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/18—Constructions for connecting the ends of the mainsprings with the barrel or the arbor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49579—Watch or clock making
    • Y10T29/49581—Watch or clock making having arbor, pinion, or balance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a watch drum shaft.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a clockwork motor element, comprising at least one mainspring and a barrel shaft, in which said coil spring of a certain type with first internal turn with a defined width and thickness and said first inner turn comprising, for its maintenance on a barrel shaft, at an inner end, defined profile hooking means
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a clockwork mechanism comprising at least one motor element produced by such a method of producing a clockwork motor element.
  • the invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and more particularly the field of motor mechanisms.
  • the increase in the capacity of the clockwork motor mechanisms is limited by the volume available at the barrels comprising the energy storage springs. This available volume is delimited by the space available in the movement, therefore by the size of the drum incorporating the spring, and by the geometry of the barrel shaft which must be sized to safely transmit the maximum torque.
  • the invention proposes to improve the capacity of watch cylinders by the use of barrel shafts of the smallest possible diameters, in order to favor the volume allocated to the spring, or the springs if there are any. several, and therefore increase the power reserve of such barrels.
  • the morphology of the shaft conditions the attachment of the spring on the shaft, whose reliability must be ensured to avoid unnecessary dismantling. All things being equal, especially with regard to the materials and heat treatments used for the production of shafts and springs, it is the shape of the shaft, the shape of the spring, but also the type of connection between the spring and the tree, which condition a perfect behavior of the motor element that they compose together.
  • the reduction, in a significant factor, of the shaft diameter compared to conventional fabrications, imposes, still, a decrease in the radius of curvature of the first internal turn of the spring, and those following it.
  • the combined design of the shaft, of the associated spring, and of their mode of attachment or training must take this constraint into account, to prevent any triangulation or facetisation of the spring at its innermost level, which would reduce its duration. life.
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a watch-barrel shaft, in which in a first drawing operation a bar is drawn so as to make it protruding with respect to a profile bearing sector.
  • a bar is drawn so as to make it protruding with respect to a profile bearing sector.
  • circular or helically around an axis parallel to or coincident with that of said bar at least one continuous profile whose section corresponds to the projection, in a plane perpendicular to said axis, complementary attachment means to achieve on said shaft, and in that, in a second machining operation about an axis parallel to or coincident with said axis of the bearing sector, at the level of said continuous profile, upper and lower delimiting faces of a hook are rotated to cooperate with a spring eyelet, and upper and lower lands are rotated for pivotal guidance of said shaft.
  • said continuous profile is that of a hook conjugated to a housing and having a profile corresponding to that of an eyelet which has an inner end of the first inner turn of a spiral band spring barrel of a certain type.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a clockwork motor element, comprising at least one mainspring and a barrel shaft, in which said coil spring of a certain type with first internal turn with a defined width and thickness and said first inner turn comprising, for its maintenance on a barrel shaft, at an inner end, defined profile hooking means, characterized in that one carries out said barrel shaft by such a method of manufacturing a watch-dog shaft, said shaft comprising means for pivoting guidance about a pivot axis, and comprising at least one bearing sector for the support a said first internal turn of at least one said barrel spring, said shaft having complementary coupling means complementary profile to said profile of said attachment means for its operation in pivoting with said at least one spring.
  • said shaft comprises, internally recessed with respect to a cylinder, or with respect to a prism of helical section and parallel to the axis of pivoting of said shaft, comprising said bearing sector, at at least one cavity for receiving said hooking means and / or at least a portion of said first internal turn, and said at least one cavity has a plurality of tangential grooves parallel to said pivot axis and each of profile corresponding to that a boss that includes the first inner turn of a spiral band spring barrel of a specific type, said grooves being angularly equidistant around a cylinder, or around a helical section prism and parallel to the pivot axis of said shaft, including said bearing sector.
  • said spring comprises a series of bosses in a number less than or equal to that of said grooves, spaced apart from the same curvilinear pitch as said grooves, and arranged to fit into said grooves.
  • said defined thickness of said first internal turn of the spring is less than the thickness of the following turns of the spring. which are of constant or progressive section away from said first inner turn.
  • At least said inner end of said first inner coil of the spring comprises, on its inner face intended to bear on said bearing sector of said shaft, a roughness greater than 12 micrometers Ra.
  • At least one said spring is welded to said shaft at two points substantially diametrically opposed with respect to said axis of the bearing sector.
  • At least one said spring is held without play in an annular groove of said shaft around said bearing sector or in a straight groove of the shaft along a generatrix of said shaft, and said inner end or at least a portion of said first turn is irreversibly maintained in said groove by welding or brazing or hammering at deformation zones.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a clockwork mechanism comprising at least one motor element produced by such a method for producing a clockwork motor element, characterized in that said mechanism is a cylinder, or a movement incorporating at least one barrel, or a timepiece incorporating at least one movement incorporating at least one barrel.
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a watch drum shaft 1.
  • a bar 50 in a first drawing operation, is drawn so as to project, projecting or retracting with respect to a bearing sector 2 with a circular profile or in a helix around a parallel DC axis or coinciding with that of the bar 50, at least one continuous profile 30.
  • the section of this continuous profile 30 corresponds to the projection, in a plane perpendicular to the DC axis, of additional coupling means 3 to be produced on the shaft 1, in profile complementary to the attachment means 13 of a spring 10 of a given type, for the attachment of which the corresponding shaft 1 is designed.
  • the drawing by wire drawing gives the surface surfaces a better fatigue resistance, and ensures a better distribution of the stresses on salient or re-entrant reliefs, in comparison with machining technologies with small radius tools, which create high stress concentrations. , especially in the re-entrant angles, which weaken the tree.
  • the hardening resulting from the drawing process concerns the entire peripheral surface, and in particular the gripping zones, which thus retain a high surface hardness and good wear resistance.
  • this prism in the sense of the descriptive geometry, a solid built along generatrices parallel to the same axis, in elevation on the basis of a closed plane profile.
  • this prism is a right prism, whose generatrices are parallel to a DC axis, and perpendicular to a particular profile, in particular circular, or in a helix.
  • This profile when it is chosen in a helix, is then constructed as a function of the thickness of the first internal turn 11 of a spring 10 with which the shaft 1 is intended to cooperate, and the increase of the helix on its periphery is close to the thickness EI of this first turn 11, and calculated so that, when the first turn 11 of this spring is wound on the shaft 1, it carries permanently, or at least as much as possible , on the support sector 2 constituted by the lateral surface of this prism with helical section.
  • the spring 10 comes into recovery of the inner end 12 that includes the first inner turn 11, it is not deformed by a bearing discontinuity between the bearing surface 2 and the end 12.
  • the Figures 1A, 1B , and 1M illustrate different section profiles after drawing, non-limiting, and well suited to the manufacture of barrel shafts.
  • the continuous profile 30 is straight, that is to say defined by generatrices parallel to the axis of the bar 50. A twisted execution is possible, but generates a higher cost, and the present description is limited to the presentation of continuous 30 straight profiles.
  • the manufacture of a shaft 1 is related to the intended use of this shaft 1 with a coil spring 10 in a spiral band of a certain type, or belonging to a family of springs with common features as regards their interface with the barrel shaft.
  • This interface concerns especially the first inner turn 11, which has an inner free end 12.
  • This first turn 11 has a defined width LI and a defined thickness EI. This does not prevent the realization of the inner end 12 with another profile, and / or another width, and / or another thickness, as will be seen in the following description.
  • the inner free end 12 has or not an eyelet 16, for example stamped, or resulting from the folding of a leg stamped three-quarters, as visible on the Figures 7A and 7B .
  • the free end 12 may also include a cutout of particular shape, as will be explained below, and as visible for example on the Figures 9C , 17A, 17B .
  • FIG. 1 M illustrates the case of any hooking relief with a continuous profile both projecting and retreating, and its inscription, as well as a surface with cylindrical surfaces 2, in the envelope of the bar 50.
  • the first internal turn 11 of the spring 10 is welded by two diametrically opposite points, and preferably at the level of flats 36 or 37.
  • the figure 2 illustrates an advantageous embodiment on the basis of a drawn profile, and which ensures a good maintenance of the spring: this figure 2 illustrates the production of a barrel shaft 1 with hook 34, by a first drawing operation according to the Figure 2A , with a continuous profile 30 according to the Figure 1A or 1B in a variant where the continuous profile 30 is that of a hook 34 conjugated to a housing 35 which allows a better recovery of the first inner turn 11 by the next turn.
  • the profile of the hook 34 conjugated to this housing 35 corresponds to that of an eyelet 16 which has an inner end 12 of the first inner turn 11 of a spiral band spring barrel 10 of a certain type.
  • FIGS. 5C and 5D illustrate an advantageous variant of spring 10 stamped so as to create, between parallel slots according to the elongation of this spring, at least one folded median tab forming a projection protruding from the rest of the surface of the spring 10.
  • This configuration brings the advantage of allowing the recovery of the frolic spring. It is usable, not only in this particular case where it is advantageous to cooperate at least one such boss 15 with grooves 33 of a shaft 1, but also in the general case where it is desired to position precisely, according to the direction of the barrel axis (or else of a balance shaft, or any axis intended to receive a spiral spring clock), such a spiral spring, and in particular, in the case of a barrel, by relative to the drum, and to the possible cover.
  • FIGS 9C and 9D show a particular variant of spring 10, having an end 12 in tee, with a head 18 of length LT connected to the rest of the spring 10 by a core 19, preferably adjacent to the chamfers 19A for better support in winding the spring.
  • the width LG is greater than or equal to, and preferably equal to, this length LT of a transverse bar.
  • the Figure 17A illustrates a particular embodiment of the internal end of the dovetail spring, to cooperate with an antagonistic profile formed on the shaft, here having two shoulders.
  • the Figure 17B illustrates a similar variant with a spring end 12 having two clearances cooperating in stop with two pins stuck in the corresponding shaft1; preferably, the end 12 of the spring 10 is embedded in a circular groove 44, resting on a groove flank 46 of at least one side, and preferably on both sides.
  • the method of manufacturing such a shaft 1 advantageously comprises a machining operation means 7 for driving a ratchet, by threading or tapping or turning or milling facets, as visible on the figure 19 where these drive means 7 are constituted by a conventional square.
  • the Figures 8A and 8B represent a shaft 1 having a front groove 41 opening through an opening 42, and receiving the inner end 12 of the spring 11, made by a method which comprises a machining operation of a front groove 41 of revolution about an axis DG parallel or coincident with the pivot axis D, the front groove 41 being of width LH equal to a defined width LI of the first inner turn 11 of a spiral band spring barrel 10 of a determined type.
  • machining operation further comprises machining at least one opening 42 in an outer wall 43 of the front groove 41, the opening 42 being of greater width than a defined thickness El of the first inner turn 11 of a spring barrel 10 in spiral band of a determined type, for the passage of this first inner turn 11.
  • a surface roughness is imparted to at least a portion of the axis bearing sector 2.
  • DC in the form of a groove made during the first drawing operation, or a knurling performed during the second machining operation.
  • This roughness allows a maintenance by friction between the shaft and the spring, especially if the spring comprises, at the first inner coil 11, on its face facing the axis of the shaft 1, a similar friction surface.
  • a friction surface may, as an alternative to this mechanical development, result from a surface treatment, a metallization type projection, or the like.
  • the invention relates to a driving element 100 of a watch cylinder, comprising at least on the one hand a coil spring 10 of a certain type having a first internal turn 11 with a width L1 and a thickness E1 defined and the first inner turn 11 comprising, for its maintenance on a barrel shaft 1, at an inner end 12, fastening means 13 of profile 14 defined.
  • This motor element 10 further comprises a barrel shaft 1 preferably derived from drawing a bar 50 and made by one of the methods described above.
  • This shaft 1 comprises pivoting guide means 5, 6, around a pivot axis DP, and comprises at least one bearing sector 2 for the support of such a first inner turn 11 of at least one such a mainspring spring 10, the shaft 1 comprising complementary coupling means 3 of profile 314 complementary to the profile 14 of the attachment means 13 for its cooperation in pivoting with this at least one spring 10.
  • the complementary fastening means 13 of the shaft 1 are respectively recessed or in salient relief.
  • the shaft 1 comprises, internally recessed with respect to a cylinder, or with respect to a helical section prism and parallel to the axis of pivoting of the shaft 1, comprising the sector 2, at least one cavity 4 for receiving the attachment means 13 and / or at least a part of the first inner turn 11.
  • this cavity 4 comprises a front groove 41 whose width LH is arranged for the clearance clearance of the spring 10.
  • the front groove 41 is of revolution about a parallel axis DG or coincides with the axis of pivoting D, and its width LH is equal to the defined width LI of the first inner turn 11 of a said mainspring spring 10.
  • the shaft 1 has at least one opening 42 in an outer wall 43 of the front groove 41, this opening 42 being wider than the defined thickness EI of the first inner turn 11, for the passage of the first inner turn 11.
  • this opening 12 is wide enough to allow the maintenance of the first turn 11 without excessive stress, while being small enough to ensure a good maintenance of the end 12 of the spring 10.
  • the central angle in which this opening is between 120 ° and 180 °.
  • the shaft 1 comprises, internally recessed with respect to a cylinder, or with respect to a helical section prism and parallel to the axis of pivoting of the shaft 1, comprising the support sector 2, at least one cavity 4 for receiving the attachment means 13 and / or at least a portion of the first inner turn 11.
  • the axis DC of the bearing sector 2 is parallel or coincident with the axis Pivot D, and at least one such cavity 4 is dimensioned for receiving without play, in the direction of the width LI of the spring 10, the inner end 12 or at least a portion of the first inner coil 11.
  • Figure 11B illustrates a shaft 1 having substantially parallel to each other; a plate 47 and a slot 48 housing the inner coil 11 of the spring 10: its inner end 12 is supported on the plate 47, and the coil 11 is slid into the slot 48.
  • the defined thickness EI of the first inner turn 11 of the spring 10 is less than the thickness ES of the following turns of the spring 10, which subsequent turns are of constant section between them, or of progressive section in s' away from the first inner turn 11.
  • This embodiment is applicable to all the variants of barrel shafts described here, and it allows an optimal plating of the first inner turn 11 on the shaft 1, and in particular on the cylindrical sector (s) which 'it comprises.
  • the free end 12 comprises a chamfer 121 or a radius, so as to allow a good winding of the next turn.
  • At least the inner end 12 of the first inner turn 11 of the spring 10 comprises, on its inner face intended to bear on the bearing sector 2 of the shaft 1, a roughness greater than 12 micrometers Ra.
  • the relative retention between the spring 10 and the shaft 1 can be provided by removable and complementary means, such as eyelet and hook, or the like. In an alternative, it can be ensured by a permanent connection between them, by a method of fixing, in particular irreversible, by welding, brazing, bonding, or the like.
  • at least one such spring 10 is welded to the shaft 1 at two points 51, 52 that are substantially diametrically opposed with respect to the axis DC of the bearing sector 2.
  • shafts 1 designed specifically for springs 10 of a given type allow the counter elements to be dimensioned so as to ensure a play-free assembly of the one on the other.
  • at least one such spring 10 is held without play in an annular groove 44 of the shaft 1 around the bearing sector 2, or in a straight groove 45 of the shaft 1 along a generatrix of the shaft 1 .
  • the inner end 12, or at least a part of the first turn 11, is irreversibly maintained in such a groove 44, 45, by welding or soldering, or else very economical way, by hammering or local crushing at the level of deformation zones 53, at the level of the spring 10 and / or at the level of the shaft 1.
  • the figure 16C illustrates a spring 10 mounted fitted and projecting in a circular groove 44 of a shaft 1, and hammered in position for its retention, in particular by the action of a wheel or the like, so as to create deformation surfaces 53 immobilizing the spring relative to the shaft.
  • the figure 16D similarly illustrates, and preferred in the usual case where the hardness of the spring is greater than that of the shaft, an application where the wheel is applied to the walls of a groove in which the spring is gripped to imprison it under deformation zones 53.
  • All the above-mentioned configurations are suitable for stopping the spring 10 on the shaft 1 by a welding point, laser welding (radial or parallel to the axis), brazing, bonding, or the like.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece mechanism 1000 comprising at least one such motor element 100.
  • This mechanism 1000 is a cylinder 200, or a movement 300 incorporating at least one cylinder 200, or a timepiece 400 incorporating at least one movement 300 incorporating at least one cylinder 200.

Description

Procédé de réalisation d'arbre de barillet et de barillet d'horlogerie Domaine de l'inventionProcess for producing a barrel shaft and a watch barrel Field of the invention

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un arbre de barillet d'horlogerie.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a watch drum shaft.

L'invention concerne encore un procédé de réalisation d'un élément moteur de barillet d'horlogerie, comportant au moins un ressort de barillet et un arbre de barillet, où on réalise ledit ressort de barillet en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé comportant une première spire interne avec une largeur et une épaisseur définies et ladite première spire interne comportant, pour son maintien sur un arbre de barillet, au niveau d'une extrémité interne, des moyens d'accrochage de profil définiThe invention also relates to a method for producing a clockwork motor element, comprising at least one mainspring and a barrel shaft, in which said coil spring of a certain type with first internal turn with a defined width and thickness and said first inner turn comprising, for its maintenance on a barrel shaft, at an inner end, defined profile hooking means

L'invention concerne encore un procédé de réalisation d'un mécanisme d'horlogerie comportant au moins un élément moteur réalisé par un tel procédé de réalisation d'un élément moteur de barillet d'horlogerie.The invention also relates to a method for producing a clockwork mechanism comprising at least one motor element produced by such a method of producing a clockwork motor element.

L'invention concerne le domaine de l'horlogerie, et plus particulièrement le domaine des mécanismes moteurs.The invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and more particularly the field of motor mechanisms.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

L'augmentation de capacité des mécanismes moteurs d'horlogerie est limitée par le volume disponible au niveau des barillets comportant les ressorts de stockage d'énergie. Ce volume disponible est délimité par l'espace disponible dans le mouvement, donc par la taille du tambour incorporant le ressort, et par la géométrie de l'arbre de barillet qui doit être dimensionné pour transmettre en sécurité le couple maximal.The increase in the capacity of the clockwork motor mechanisms is limited by the volume available at the barrels comprising the energy storage springs. This available volume is delimited by the space available in the movement, therefore by the size of the drum incorporating the spring, and by the geometry of the barrel shaft which must be sized to safely transmit the maximum torque.

Le document US 3 846 974 A au nom de GIGER écrit un barillet avec des gorges longitudinales tréfilées, pour l'appui du ressort et du crochet. Le document: US 820 252 A au nom de PORTER WILSON divulgue un agencement analogue.The document US 3,846,974 A in the name of GIGER writes a barrel with drawn longitudinal grooves, for the support of the spring and the hook. The document: US 820252A in the name of PORTER WILSON discloses a similar arrangement.

Le document US 3 846 974 A au nom de GIGER décrit un barillet avec un arbre très simple, cylindrique portant des gorges tréfilées selon des génératrices, porteuses du ressort et du rochet, ce dernier ayant une denture inclinée, pour le maintien axial de l'arbre.The document US 3,846,974 A in the name of GIGER describes a cylinder with a very simple shaft, cylindrical bearing grooves drawn in generatrices, carrying the spring and the ratchet, the latter having an inclined toothing, for the axial retention of the shaft.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention se propose d'améliorer la capacité des barillets d'horlogerie, par l'emploi d'arbres de barillet de diamètres les plus réduits possibles, afin de privilégier le volume affecté au ressort, ou aux ressorts s'il y en a plusieurs, et donc d'augmenter la réserve de marche de tels barillets.The invention proposes to improve the capacity of watch cylinders by the use of barrel shafts of the smallest possible diameters, in order to favor the volume allocated to the spring, or the springs if there are any. several, and therefore increase the power reserve of such barrels.

Il ne suffit pas d'appliquer un facteur d'échelle aux arbres de barillets existants, car la rigidité de l'arbre doit être assurée, voire augmentée par rapport aux diamètres d'arbres usuels, en raison du couple supérieur pouvant être appliqué par le ressort.It is not sufficient to apply a scaling factor to existing barrel shafts, as the stiffness of the shaft must be ensured, or even increased, compared to the usual shaft diameters, because of the higher torque that can be applied by the shaft. spring.

Il convient donc de choisir des modes d'élaboration garantissant une bonne résistance, à la flexion et à la fatigue, des arbres, tout en restant d'un coût acceptable. La morphologie de l'arbre conditionne la fixation du ressort sur l'arbre, dont la fiabilité doit être assurée pour éviter tout démontage inutile. Toutes choses égales par ailleurs, notamment en ce qui concerne les matériaux et traitements thermiques utilisés pour la réalisation des arbres et ressorts, ce sont la forme de l'arbre, la forme du ressort, mais aussi le type d'assemblage entre le ressort et l'arbre, qui conditionnent un comportement parfait de l'élément moteur qu'ils composent ensemble. La diminution, dans un facteur important, du diamètre d'arbre par rapport aux fabrications classiques, impose, encore, une diminution du rayon de courbure de la première spire interne du ressort, et de celles qui lui font suite. La conception conjuguée de l'arbre, du ressort associé, et de leur mode de fixation ou d'entraînement, doivent prendre en compte cette contrainte, pour prévenir toute triangulation ou facettisation du ressort au niveau de ses pires internes, qui réduiraient sa durée de vie.It is therefore advisable to choose methods of elaboration guaranteeing a good resistance, to the flexion and the fatigue, of the trees, while remaining of an acceptable cost. The morphology of the shaft conditions the attachment of the spring on the shaft, whose reliability must be ensured to avoid unnecessary dismantling. All things being equal, especially with regard to the materials and heat treatments used for the production of shafts and springs, it is the shape of the shaft, the shape of the spring, but also the type of connection between the spring and the tree, which condition a perfect behavior of the motor element that they compose together. The reduction, in a significant factor, of the shaft diameter compared to conventional fabrications, imposes, still, a decrease in the radius of curvature of the first internal turn of the spring, and those following it. The combined design of the shaft, of the associated spring, and of their mode of attachment or training, must take this constraint into account, to prevent any triangulation or facetisation of the spring at its innermost level, which would reduce its duration. life.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un arbre de barillet d'horlogerie, dans lequel dans une première opération de tréfilage on tréfile une barre de façon à réaliser, saillant par rapport à un secteur d'appui à profil circulaire ou en hélice autour d'un axe parallèle ou confondu avec celui de ladite barre, au moins un profil continu dont la section correspond à la projection, selon un plan perpendiculaire audit axe, de moyens d'accrochage complémentaire à réaliser sur ledit arbre, et en ce que, dans une deuxième opération de décolletage autour d'un axe parallèle ou confondu avec ledit axe du secteur d'appui on tourne, au niveau dudit profil continu, des faces de délimitation supérieure et inférieure d'un crochet pour coopérer avec un oeillet de ressort, et on tourne des portées supérieure et inférieure pour le guidage en pivotement dudit arbre.For this purpose, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a watch-barrel shaft, in which in a first drawing operation a bar is drawn so as to make it protruding with respect to a profile bearing sector. circular or helically around an axis parallel to or coincident with that of said bar, at least one continuous profile whose section corresponds to the projection, in a plane perpendicular to said axis, complementary attachment means to achieve on said shaft, and in that, in a second machining operation about an axis parallel to or coincident with said axis of the bearing sector, at the level of said continuous profile, upper and lower delimiting faces of a hook are rotated to cooperate with a spring eyelet, and upper and lower lands are rotated for pivotal guidance of said shaft.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, ledit profil continu est celui d'un crochet conjugué à un logement et de profil correspondant à celui d'un oeillet que comporte une extrémité interne de la première spire interne d'un ressort de barillet en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé.According to a characteristic of the invention, said continuous profile is that of a hook conjugated to a housing and having a profile corresponding to that of an eyelet which has an inner end of the first inner turn of a spiral band spring barrel of a certain type.

L'invention concerne encore un procédé de réalisation d'un élément moteur de barillet d'horlogerie, comportant au moins un ressort de barillet et un arbre de barillet, où on réalise ledit ressort de barillet en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé comportant une première spire interne avec une largeur et une épaisseur définies et ladite première spire interne comportant, pour son maintien sur un arbre de barillet, au niveau d'une extrémité interne, des moyens d'accrochage de profil défini, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise ledit arbre de barillet par un tel procédé de fabrication d'un arbre de barillet d'horlogerie, ledit arbre comportant des moyens de guidage en pivotement autour d'un axe de pivotement, et comportant au moins un secteur d'appui pour l'appui d'une dite première spire interne d'au moins un dit ressort de barillet, ledit arbre comportant des moyens d'accrochage complémentaire de profil complémentaire audit profil desdits moyens d'accrochage pour sa coopération en pivotement avec ledit au moins un ressort.The invention also relates to a method for producing a clockwork motor element, comprising at least one mainspring and a barrel shaft, in which said coil spring of a certain type with first internal turn with a defined width and thickness and said first inner turn comprising, for its maintenance on a barrel shaft, at an inner end, defined profile hooking means, characterized in that one carries out said barrel shaft by such a method of manufacturing a watch-dog shaft, said shaft comprising means for pivoting guidance about a pivot axis, and comprising at least one bearing sector for the support a said first internal turn of at least one said barrel spring, said shaft having complementary coupling means complementary profile to said profile of said attachment means for its operation in pivoting with said at least one spring.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, ledit arbre comporte, en retrait interne par rapport à un cylindre, ou par rapport à un prisme de section en hélice et parallèle à l'axe de pivotement dudit arbre, comportant ledit secteur d'appui, au moins une cavité pour la réception desdits moyens d'accrochage ou/et d'au moins une partie de ladite première spire interne, et ladite au moins une cavité comporte une pluralité de rainures tangentielles parallèles audit axe de pivotement et chacune de profil correspondant à celui d'un bossage que comporte la première spire interne d'un ressort de barillet en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé, lesdites rainures étant angulairement équidistantes autour d'un cylindre, ou autour d'un prisme de section en hélice et parallèle à l'axe de pivotement dudit arbre, comportant ledit secteur d'appui.According to one characteristic of the invention, said shaft comprises, internally recessed with respect to a cylinder, or with respect to a prism of helical section and parallel to the axis of pivoting of said shaft, comprising said bearing sector, at at least one cavity for receiving said hooking means and / or at least a portion of said first internal turn, and said at least one cavity has a plurality of tangential grooves parallel to said pivot axis and each of profile corresponding to that a boss that includes the first inner turn of a spiral band spring barrel of a specific type, said grooves being angularly equidistant around a cylinder, or around a helical section prism and parallel to the pivot axis of said shaft, including said bearing sector.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, ledit ressort comporte une série de bossages en nombre inférieur ou égal à celui des dites rainures, écartés du même pas curviligne que lesdites rainures, et agencés pour s'encastrer dans lesdites rainures.According to a characteristic of the invention, said spring comprises a series of bosses in a number less than or equal to that of said grooves, spaced apart from the same curvilinear pitch as said grooves, and arranged to fit into said grooves.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, ladite épaisseur définie de ladite première spire interne du ressort est inférieure à l'épaisseur des spires suivantes du ressort lesquelles sont de section constante ou progressive en s'éloignant de ladite première spire interne.According to one characteristic of the invention, said defined thickness of said first internal turn of the spring is less than the thickness of the following turns of the spring. which are of constant or progressive section away from said first inner turn.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, au moins ladite extrémité interne de ladite première spire interne du ressort comporte, sur sa face interne destinée à venir en appui sur ledit secteur d'appui dudit arbre, une rugosité supérieure à 12 micromètres Ra.According to a feature of the invention, at least said inner end of said first inner coil of the spring comprises, on its inner face intended to bear on said bearing sector of said shaft, a roughness greater than 12 micrometers Ra.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, au moins un dit ressort est soudé sur ledit arbre au niveau de deux points sensiblement diamétralement opposés par rapport audit axe du secteur d'appui.According to a characteristic of the invention, at least one said spring is welded to said shaft at two points substantially diametrically opposed with respect to said axis of the bearing sector.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, au moins un dit ressort est maintenu sans jeu dans une gorge annulaire dudit arbre autour dudit secteur d'appui ou dans une gorge droite de l'arbre selon une génératrice dudit arbre, et ladite extrémité interne ou au moins une partie de ladite première spire est maintenue de façon irréversible dans ladite gorge par soudage ou brasage ou martelage au niveau de zones de déformation.According to a feature of the invention, at least one said spring is held without play in an annular groove of said shaft around said bearing sector or in a straight groove of the shaft along a generatrix of said shaft, and said inner end or at least a portion of said first turn is irreversibly maintained in said groove by welding or brazing or hammering at deformation zones.

L'invention concerne encore un procédé de réalisation d'un mécanisme d'horlogerie comportant au moins un élément moteur réalisé par un tel procédé de réalisation d'un élément moteur de barillet d'horlogerie, caractérisé en ce que ledit mécanisme est un barillet, ou un mouvement incorporant au moins un barillet, ou une pièce d'horlogerie incorporant au moins un mouvement incorporant au moins un barillet.The invention also relates to a method for producing a clockwork mechanism comprising at least one motor element produced by such a method for producing a clockwork motor element, characterized in that said mechanism is a cylinder, or a movement incorporating at least one barrel, or a timepiece incorporating at least one movement incorporating at least one barrel.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :

  • la figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée et en coupe perpendiculairement à un axe de barre, différentes variantes de sections de barres tréfilées pour la réalisation d'arbres de barillet d'horlogerie, repérées A, B, et M;
  • la figure 2 illustre la réalisation d'un arbre de barillet à crochet, par une première opération de tréfilage selon la figure 2A, et une opération de reprise d'usinage selon la figure 2B ;
  • les figures 5C et 5D illustrent, en vue de côté et en vue de dessus, l'extrémité interne d'un ressort étampé de façon à créer, entre des fentes parallèles selon l'élongation de ce ressort, au moins une patte médiane pliée formant un bossage saillant par rapport au reste de la surface du ressort ;
  • les figures 7A et 7B illustrent un étampage de l'extrémité interne d'un ressort, de façon à définir une fenêtre d'accrochage sur un bec d'arbre;
  • la figure 8A représente, de façon analogue à la figure 2, une variante où l'arbre comporte une gorge frontale débouchant par une ouverture, et, recevant l'extrémité interne du ressort ; la figure 8B est une vue en coupe, dans un plan passant par l'axe de l'arbre, de ce même ensemble ;
  • la figure 9C est une élévation de l'extrémité d'un ressort, comportant une extrémité en té, et la figure 9D est la vue de dessus correspondante, montrant un chanfrein sur la face interne ;
  • la figure 11 B représente, en coupe perpendiculairement à l'axe du barillet, un arbre muni d'un ressort dont l'extrémité interne est en appui sur un plat puis glissée dans une fente ;
  • la figure 15 représente, de façon schématisée et en coupe perpendiculairement à l'axe du barillet, un ressort de barillet dont les spires intérieures sont amincies par rapport aux autres spires, partiellement enroulé sur un arbre cylindrique ;
  • la figure 16 A illustre une réalisation avec un ressort soudé sur un arbre avec deux points de soudure sensiblement diamétralement opposés; la figure 16C représente, de façon schématisée et selon une coupe passant par l'axe, un ressort monté saillant dans une gorge circulaire, et soumis, du côté supérieur, à l'action d'une molette pour une déformation au niveau de sa bordure, la bordure inférieure étant représentée avec une surface de déformation issue de l'action de cette molette sur le ressort, tandis que la figure 16D illustre de façon similaire, et préférée dans le cas usuel où la dureté du ressort est supérieure à celle de l'arbre, où la molette est appliquée sur les parois d'une gorge dans laquelle est enserré le ressort pour emprisonner celui-ci sous des zones de déformation;
  • la figure 17A illustre une exécution particulière d'extrémité interne du ressort en queue d'aronde, pour coopérer avec un profil antagoniste ménagés sur l'arbre, ici comportant deux épaulements ; la figure 17B illustre une variante similaire avec une extrémité de ressort comportant deux dégagements, coopérant en arrêt avec deux goupilles fichées dans l'arbre correspondant ;
  • la figure 19 est un schéma-blocs d'une pièce d'horlogerie, comportant un mouvement, lequel comporte un barillet, incluant lui-même un élément-moteur comportant un arbre et un ressort selon l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents, schematically and in cross section perpendicularly to a rod axis, different variants of sections of drawn bars for producing watch drum shafts, marked A, B, and M;
  • the figure 2 illustrates the realization of a hook barrel shaft, by a first drawing operation according to the Figure 2A , and a resumption of machining operation according to the Figure 2B ;
  • the Figures 5C and 5D illustrate, in side view and in plan view, the inner end of a spring stamped so as to create, between parallel slots according to the elongation of this spring, at least one folded middle flange forming a projection protruding from the rest of the surface of the spring;
  • the Figures 7A and 7B illustrate a stamping of the inner end of a spring, so as to define an attachment window on a spout;
  • the figure 8A represents, in a similar way to figure 2 a variant where the shaft has a front groove opening through an opening, and receiving the inner end of the spring; the Figure 8B is a sectional view, in a plane passing through the axis of the tree, of this same set;
  • the Figure 9C is an end elevation of a spring, having a tee end, and the Figure 9D is the corresponding top view, showing a chamfer on the inner face;
  • the figure 11 B represents, in section perpendicular to the axis of the barrel, a shaft provided with a spring whose inner end is supported on a plate and then slid into a slot;
  • the figure 15 represents, schematically and in section perpendicular to the axis of the barrel, a barrel spring whose inner turns are thinned relative to the other turns, partially wound on a cylindrical shaft;
  • the figure 16 A illustrates an embodiment with a spring welded to a shaft with two substantially diametrically opposed weld points; the figure 16C represents, schematically and in a section passing through the axis, a spring mounted projecting in a circular groove, and subjected, on the upper side, to the action of a wheel for a deformation at its edge, the edge lower part being represented with a deformation surface resulting from the action of this wheel on the spring, while the figure 16D similarly illustrated, and preferred in the usual case where the hardness of the spring is greater than that of the shaft, where the wheel is applied to the walls of a groove in which is gripped the spring to imprison it under deformation zones;
  • the Figure 17A illustrates a particular embodiment of the inner end of the dovetail spring, to cooperate with an opposing profile formed on the shaft, here having two shoulders; the Figure 17B illustrates a similar variant with a spring end having two clearances cooperating in stop with two pins stuck in the corresponding shaft;
  • the figure 19 is a block diagram of a timepiece, comprising a movement, which comprises a cylinder, including itself a motor element comprising a shaft and a spring according to the invention.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un arbre 1 de barillet d'horlogerie. Selon ce procédé, dans une première opération de tréfilage on tréfile une barre 50 de façon à réaliser, saillant ou rentrant par rapport à un secteur d'appui 2 à profil circulaire ou en hélice autour d'un axe DC parallèle ou confondu avec celui de la barre 50, au moins un profil continu 30. La section de ce profil continu 30 correspond à la projection, selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe DC, de moyens d'accrochage complémentaire 3 à réaliser sur l'arbre 1, de profil complémentaire à des moyens d'accrochage 13 d'un ressort 10 de type déterminé, pour l'accrochage duquel l'arbre 1 correspondant est conçu. La réalisation par tréfilage confère aux surfaces superficielles une meilleure tenue en fatigue, et assure une meilleure répartition des contraintes sur des reliefs saillants ou rentrants, en comparaison avec des technologies d'usinage avec des outils de petit rayon, qui créent des concentrations de contraintes importantes, surtout dans les angles rentrants, et qui fragilisent l'arbre. L'écrouissage résultant du tréfilage concerne toute la surface périphérique, et notamment les zones d'accrochage, qui conservent ainsi une dureté superficielle élevée, et une bonne résistance à l'usure.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a watch drum shaft 1. According to this method, in a first drawing operation, a bar 50 is drawn so as to project, projecting or retracting with respect to a bearing sector 2 with a circular profile or in a helix around a parallel DC axis or coinciding with that of the bar 50, at least one continuous profile 30. The section of this continuous profile 30 corresponds to the projection, in a plane perpendicular to the DC axis, of additional coupling means 3 to be produced on the shaft 1, in profile complementary to the attachment means 13 of a spring 10 of a given type, for the attachment of which the corresponding shaft 1 is designed. The drawing by wire drawing gives the surface surfaces a better fatigue resistance, and ensures a better distribution of the stresses on salient or re-entrant reliefs, in comparison with machining technologies with small radius tools, which create high stress concentrations. , especially in the re-entrant angles, which weaken the tree. The hardening resulting from the drawing process concerns the entire peripheral surface, and in particular the gripping zones, which thus retain a high surface hardness and good wear resistance.

On appellera ci-après « prisme », au sens de la géométrie descriptive, un solide construit selon des génératrices parallèles à un même axe, en élévation sur la base d'un profil fermé plan. De préférence dans le cas du présent exposé, ce prisme est un prisme droit, dont les génératrices sont parallèles à un axe DC, et perpendiculaires à un profil particulier, notamment circulaire, ou bien en hélice. Ce profil, quand il est choisi en hélice, est alors construit en fonction de l'épaisseur de la première spire interne 11 d'un ressort 10 avec lequel l'arbre 1 a vocation à coopérer, et l'accroissement de l'hélice sur son pourtour est voisin de l'épaisseur EI de cette première spire 11, et calcul de façon à ce que, quand la première spire 11 de ce ressort est enroulée sur l'arbre 1, elle porte en permanence, ou du moins au maximum possible, sur le secteur d'appui 2 constitué par la surface latérale de ce prisme à section en hélice. Ainsi, quand le ressort 10 vient en recouvrement de l'extrémité interne 12 que comporte la première spire interne 11, il n'est pas déformé par une discontinuité d'appui entre cette surface d'appui 2 et l'extrémité 12.Hereinafter referred to as "prism", in the sense of the descriptive geometry, a solid built along generatrices parallel to the same axis, in elevation on the basis of a closed plane profile. Preferably in the case of the present disclosure, this prism is a right prism, whose generatrices are parallel to a DC axis, and perpendicular to a particular profile, in particular circular, or in a helix. This profile, when it is chosen in a helix, is then constructed as a function of the thickness of the first internal turn 11 of a spring 10 with which the shaft 1 is intended to cooperate, and the increase of the helix on its periphery is close to the thickness EI of this first turn 11, and calculated so that, when the first turn 11 of this spring is wound on the shaft 1, it carries permanently, or at least as much as possible , on the support sector 2 constituted by the lateral surface of this prism with helical section. Thus, when the spring 10 comes into recovery of the inner end 12 that includes the first inner turn 11, it is not deformed by a bearing discontinuity between the bearing surface 2 and the end 12.

Dans une deuxième opération de reprise d'usinage ou de décolletage autour d'un axe parallèle ou confondu avec l'axe DC du secteur d'appui 2, on usine ou on tourne le contour externe complet de l'arbre 1. De façon préférée car la plus économique, cette deuxième opération de reprise est faite en décolletage ou en tournage.In a second machining operation or machining operation around an axis parallel to or coincident with the DC axis of the bearing sector 2, the entire outer contour of the shaft 1 is machined or turned. because the most economical, this second recovery operation is made in bar turning or turning.

Les figures 1A , 1B, et 1M illustrent différents profils de section après tréfilage, non limitatifs, et bien adaptés à la confection d'arbres de barillets. De préférence, le profil continu 30 est droit, c'est-à-dire délimité par des génératrices parallèles à l'axe de la barre 50. Une exécution vrillée est possible, mais engendre un coût supérieur, et la présente description se limite à l'exposé de profils continus 30 droits.The Figures 1A, 1B , and 1M illustrate different section profiles after drawing, non-limiting, and well suited to the manufacture of barrel shafts. Preferably, the continuous profile 30 is straight, that is to say defined by generatrices parallel to the axis of the bar 50. A twisted execution is possible, but generates a higher cost, and the present description is limited to the presentation of continuous 30 straight profiles.

Dans une mise en oeuvre particulière et préférée de l'invention, la fabrication d'un arbre 1 est liée à l'utilisation prévue de cet arbre 1 avec un ressort de barillet 10 en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé, ou appartenant à une famille de ressorts présentant des caractéristiques communes en ce qui concerne leur interface avec l'arbre de barillet. Cet interface concerne surtout la première spire interne 11, qui comporte une extrémité libre interne 12. Cette première spire 11 a une largeur définie LI et une épaisseur définie EI. Ceci n'empêche pas la réalisation de l'extrémité interne 12 avec un autre profil, ou/et une autre largeur, ou/et une autre épaisseur, comme on le verra dans la suite de l'exposé.In a particular and preferred embodiment of the invention, the manufacture of a shaft 1 is related to the intended use of this shaft 1 with a coil spring 10 in a spiral band of a certain type, or belonging to a family of springs with common features as regards their interface with the barrel shaft. This interface concerns especially the first inner turn 11, which has an inner free end 12. This first turn 11 has a defined width LI and a defined thickness EI. This does not prevent the realization of the inner end 12 with another profile, and / or another width, and / or another thickness, as will be seen in the following description.

Selon le cas, l'extrémité libre interne 12 comporte ou non un oeillet 16, par exemple étampé, ou résultant du pliage d'une patte étampée aux trois quarts, tel que visible sur les figures 7A et 7B. L'extrémité libre 12 peut, encore comporter une découpe de forme particulière, comme il sera exposé ci-après, et tel que visible par exemple sur les figures 9C, 17A, 17B.Depending on the case, the inner free end 12 has or not an eyelet 16, for example stamped, or resulting from the folding of a leg stamped three-quarters, as visible on the Figures 7A and 7B . The free end 12 may also include a cutout of particular shape, as will be explained below, and as visible for example on the Figures 9C , 17A, 17B .

La figure 1 M illustre le cas d'un relief d'accrochage quelconque avec un profil continu 30 à la fois saillant et rentrant, et son inscription, ainsi qu'une surface à portées cylindriques 2, dans l'enveloppe de la barre 50.FIG. 1 M illustrates the case of any hooking relief with a continuous profile both projecting and retreating, and its inscription, as well as a surface with cylindrical surfaces 2, in the envelope of the bar 50.

Sur la figure 16A, la première spire interne 11 du ressort 10 est soudée par deux points diamétralement opposés, et de préférence au niveau de méplats 36 ou 37.On the figure 16A the first internal turn 11 of the spring 10 is welded by two diametrically opposite points, and preferably at the level of flats 36 or 37.

La figure 2 illustre une réalisation avantageuse sur la base d'un profil tréfilé, et qui assure un bon maintien du ressort : cette figure 2 illustre la réalisation d'un arbre de barillet 1 à crochet 34, par une première opération de tréfilage selon la figure 2A, avec un profil continu 30 selon la figure 1A, ou encore 1B dans une variante où le profil continu 30 est celui d'un crochet 34 conjugué à un logement 35 qui permet un meilleur recouvrement de la première spire interne 11 par la spire suivante. Le profil du crochet 34 conjugué à ce logement 35 correspond à celui d'un oeillet 16 que comporte une extrémité interne 12 de la première spire interne 11 d'un ressort de barillet 10 en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé. Lors d'une opération de reprise d'usinage selon la figure 2B, notamment par décolletage, on tourne les faces de délimitation supérieure 34A et inférieure 34B de ce crochet 34 pour coopérer avec un tel oeillet 16, et on tourne des portées supérieure 5 et inférieure 6 pour le guidage en pivotement de l'arbre 1. Cette configuration classique d'arbre de barillet à crochet est ainsi réalisée de façon robuste et économique, grâce au tréfilage et à la finition directe en décolletage.The figure 2 illustrates an advantageous embodiment on the basis of a drawn profile, and which ensures a good maintenance of the spring: this figure 2 illustrates the production of a barrel shaft 1 with hook 34, by a first drawing operation according to the Figure 2A , with a continuous profile 30 according to the Figure 1A or 1B in a variant where the continuous profile 30 is that of a hook 34 conjugated to a housing 35 which allows a better recovery of the first inner turn 11 by the next turn. The profile of the hook 34 conjugated to this housing 35 corresponds to that of an eyelet 16 which has an inner end 12 of the first inner turn 11 of a spiral band spring barrel 10 of a certain type. During a machining operation according to the Figure 2B , in particular by bar turning, the upper and lower delimiting faces 34A and 34B of this hook 34 are rotated to cooperate with such an eyelet 16, and upper and lower bearing surfaces 5 are rotated for the pivotal guidance of the shaft 1. Conventional configuration of a cylinder shaft hook is thus made robust and economical, thanks to drawing and direct finishing bar turning.

Les figures 5C et 5D illustrent une variante avantageuse de ressort 10 étampé de façon à créer, entre des fentes parallèles selon l'élongation de ce ressort, au moins une patte médiane pliée formant un bossage 15 saillant par rapport au reste de la surface du ressort 10. Cette configuration apporte l'avantage de permettre la reprise de l'ébat du ressort. Elle est utilisable, non seulement dans ce cas particulier où il est avantageux de faire coopérer au moins un tel bossage 15 avec des rainures 33 d'un arbre 1, mais aussi dans le cas général où l'on désire positionner précisément, selon la direction de l'axe de barillet (ou encore d'un axe de balancier, ou de tout axe ayant vocation à recevoir un ressort spiral d'horlogerie), un tel ressort spiral, et en particulier, dans le cas d'un barillet, par rapport au tambour, et au couvercle éventuel.The Figures 5C and 5D illustrate an advantageous variant of spring 10 stamped so as to create, between parallel slots according to the elongation of this spring, at least one folded median tab forming a projection protruding from the rest of the surface of the spring 10. This configuration brings the advantage of allowing the recovery of the frolic spring. It is usable, not only in this particular case where it is advantageous to cooperate at least one such boss 15 with grooves 33 of a shaft 1, but also in the general case where it is desired to position precisely, according to the direction of the barrel axis (or else of a balance shaft, or any axis intended to receive a spiral spring clock), such a spiral spring, and in particular, in the case of a barrel, by relative to the drum, and to the possible cover.

Les figures 9C et 9D montrent une variante particulière de ressort 10, comportant une extrémité 12 en té, avec une tête 18 de longueur LT reliée au reste du ressort 10 par une âme 19, de préférence adjacente à des chanfreins 19A pour un meilleur appui en enroulement du ressort. La largeur LG est supérieure ou égale, et de préférence égale, à cette longueur LT d'une barre transversale.The Figures 9C and 9D show a particular variant of spring 10, having an end 12 in tee, with a head 18 of length LT connected to the rest of the spring 10 by a core 19, preferably adjacent to the chamfers 19A for better support in winding the spring. The width LG is greater than or equal to, and preferably equal to, this length LT of a transverse bar.

Ce profil en té est un exemple de réalisation économique, non limitatif. La figure 17A illustre une exécution particulière d'extrémité interne du ressort en queue d'aronde, pour coopérer avec un profil antagoniste ménagés sur l'arbre, ici comportant deux épaulements. La figure 17B illustre une variante similaire avec une extrémité 12 de ressort comportant deux dégagements, coopérant en arrêt avec deux goupilles fichées dans l'arbre1 correspondant; de préférence, l'extrémité 12 du ressort 10 est noyée dans une gorge circulaire 44, en appui sur un flanc de gorge 46 d'au moins un côté, et de préférence des deux côtés.This profile in tee is an example of economic realization, not limiting. The Figure 17A illustrates a particular embodiment of the internal end of the dovetail spring, to cooperate with an antagonistic profile formed on the shaft, here having two shoulders. The Figure 17B illustrates a similar variant with a spring end 12 having two clearances cooperating in stop with two pins stuck in the corresponding shaft1; preferably, the end 12 of the spring 10 is embedded in a circular groove 44, resting on a groove flank 46 of at least one side, and preferably on both sides.

Le procédé de fabrication d'un tel arbre 1 comporte avantageusement une opération d'usinage de moyens d'entraînement 7 d'un rochet, par filetage ou taraudage ou tournage ou fraisage de facettes, tel que visible sur la figure 19 où ces moyens d'entraînement 7 sont constitués par un classique carré.The method of manufacturing such a shaft 1 advantageously comprises a machining operation means 7 for driving a ratchet, by threading or tapping or turning or milling facets, as visible on the figure 19 where these drive means 7 are constituted by a conventional square.

Les figures 8A et 8B représentent un arbre 1 comportant une gorge frontale 41 débouchant par une ouverture 42, et recevant l'extrémité interne 12 du ressort 11, réalisé par un procédé qui comporte une opération d'usinage d'une gorge frontale 41 de révolution autour d'un axe DG parallèle ou confondu avec l'axe de pivotement D, la gorge frontale 41 étant de largeur LH égale à une largeur définie LI de la première spire interne 11 d'un ressort de barillet 10 en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé.- Cette opération d'usinage comporte encore l'usinage d'au moins une ouverture 42 dans une cloison externe 43 de la gorge frontale 41, l'ouverture 42 étant de largeur supérieure à une épaisseur définie El de la première spire interne 11 d'un ressort de barillet 10 en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé, pour le passage de cette première spire interne 11.The Figures 8A and 8B represent a shaft 1 having a front groove 41 opening through an opening 42, and receiving the inner end 12 of the spring 11, made by a method which comprises a machining operation of a front groove 41 of revolution about an axis DG parallel or coincident with the pivot axis D, the front groove 41 being of width LH equal to a defined width LI of the first inner turn 11 of a spiral band spring barrel 10 of a determined type. machining operation further comprises machining at least one opening 42 in an outer wall 43 of the front groove 41, the opening 42 being of greater width than a defined thickness El of the first inner turn 11 of a spring barrel 10 in spiral band of a determined type, for the passage of this first inner turn 11.

De préférence, lors de l'élaboration d'un arbre 1 selon l'un des procédés décrits ci-dessus, on confère une rugosité superficielle, supérieure à 12 micromètres Ra, à au moins une partie du secteur d'appui 2 d'axe DC, sous la forme d'une cannelure réalisée lors de la première opération de tréfilage, ou d'un moletage réalisé lors de la deuxième opération de reprise d'usinage. Cette rugosité permet un maintien par friction entre l'arbre et le ressort, surtout si le ressort comporte, au niveau de la première spire interne 11, sur sa face dirigée vers l'axe de l'arbre 1, une surface de friction similaire. Naturellement, une telle surface de friction peut, en alternative à cette élaboration mécanique, résulter d'un traitement de surface, d'une projection de type métallisation, ou similaire.Preferably, during the production of a shaft 1 according to one of the processes described above, a surface roughness, greater than 12 micrometers Ra, is imparted to at least a portion of the axis bearing sector 2. DC, in the form of a groove made during the first drawing operation, or a knurling performed during the second machining operation. This roughness allows a maintenance by friction between the shaft and the spring, especially if the spring comprises, at the first inner coil 11, on its face facing the axis of the shaft 1, a similar friction surface. Naturally, such a friction surface may, as an alternative to this mechanical development, result from a surface treatment, a metallization type projection, or the like.

L'invention concerne un élément moteur 100 de barillet d'horlogerie, comportant au moins d'une part un ressort de barillet 10 en bande spiralée d'un type déterminé comportant une première spire interne 11 avec une largeur LI et une épaisseur El définies et la première spire interne 11 comportant, pour son maintien sur un arbre de barillet 1, au niveau d'une extrémité interne 12, des moyens d'accrochage 13 de profil 14 défini. Cet élément moteur 10 comporte d'autre part un arbre de barillet 1 de préférence issu de tréfilage d'une barre 50 et réalisé par un des procédés décrits ci-dessus.The invention relates to a driving element 100 of a watch cylinder, comprising at least on the one hand a coil spring 10 of a certain type having a first internal turn 11 with a width L1 and a thickness E1 defined and the first inner turn 11 comprising, for its maintenance on a barrel shaft 1, at an inner end 12, fastening means 13 of profile 14 defined. This motor element 10 further comprises a barrel shaft 1 preferably derived from drawing a bar 50 and made by one of the methods described above.

Cet arbre 1 comporte des moyens de guidage en pivotement 5, 6, autour d'un axe de pivotement DP, et comporte au moins un secteur d'appui 2 pour l'appui d'une telle première spire interne 11 d'au moins un tel ressort de barillet 10, l'arbre 1 comportant des moyens d'accrochage complémentaire 3 de profil 314 complémentaire au profil 14 des moyens d'accrochage 13 pour sa coopération en pivotement avec ce au moins un ressort 10.This shaft 1 comprises pivoting guide means 5, 6, around a pivot axis DP, and comprises at least one bearing sector 2 for the support of such a first inner turn 11 of at least one such a mainspring spring 10, the shaft 1 comprising complementary coupling means 3 of profile 314 complementary to the profile 14 of the attachment means 13 for its cooperation in pivoting with this at least one spring 10.

Selon que les moyens d'accrochage 13 du ressort 10 sont en relief saillant ou en creux, les moyens d'accrochage complémentaire 13 de l'arbre 1 sont respectivement en creux ou en relief saillantDepending on whether the fastening means 13 of the spring 10 are in salient or recessed relief, the complementary fastening means 13 of the shaft 1 are respectively recessed or in salient relief.

Dans les exécutions des figures 8A, 8B, de l'élément moteur 100, l'arbre 1 comporte, en retrait interne par rapport à un cylindre, ou par rapport à un prisme de section en hélice et parallèle à l'axe de pivotement de l'arbre 1, comportant le secteur d'appui 2, au moins une cavité 4 pour la réception des moyens d'accrochage 13 ou/et d'au moins une partie de la première spire interne 11.In the executions of Figures 8A, 8B , of the motor element 100, the shaft 1 comprises, internally recessed with respect to a cylinder, or with respect to a helical section prism and parallel to the axis of pivoting of the shaft 1, comprising the sector 2, at least one cavity 4 for receiving the attachment means 13 and / or at least a part of the first inner turn 11.

Dans le cas particulier des figures 8A et 8B, cette cavité 4 comporte une gorge frontale 41 dont la largeur LH est agencée pour la réception à jeu minimal du ressort 10. Dans une réalisation avantageuse, la gorge frontale 41 est de révolution autour d'un axe DG parallèle ou confondu avec l'axe de pivotement D, et sa largeur LH est égale à la largeur définie LI de la première spire interne 11 d'un dit ressort de barillet 10. Et l'arbre 1 comporte au moins une ouverture 42 dans une cloison externe 43 de la gorge frontale 41, cette ouverture 42 étant de largeur supérieure à l'épaisseur définie EI de la première spire interne 11, pour le passage de la première spire interne 11. De préférence, cette ouverture 12 est assez large pour autoriser le maintien de la première spire 11 sans contrainte excessive, tout en étant assez réduite pour assurer un bon maintien de l'extrémité 12 du ressort 10. De façon préférée, l'angle au centre dans lequel s'inscrit cette ouverture est compris entre 120° et 180°.In the particular case of Figures 8A and 8B , this cavity 4 comprises a front groove 41 whose width LH is arranged for the clearance clearance of the spring 10. In an advantageous embodiment, the front groove 41 is of revolution about a parallel axis DG or coincides with the axis of pivoting D, and its width LH is equal to the defined width LI of the first inner turn 11 of a said mainspring spring 10. And the shaft 1 has at least one opening 42 in an outer wall 43 of the front groove 41, this opening 42 being wider than the defined thickness EI of the first inner turn 11, for the passage of the first inner turn 11. Preferably, this opening 12 is wide enough to allow the maintenance of the first turn 11 without excessive stress, while being small enough to ensure a good maintenance of the end 12 of the spring 10. Preferably, the central angle in which this opening is between 120 ° and 180 °.

Dans une réalisation particulière de l'élément moteur, l'arbre 1 comporte, en retrait interne par rapport à un cylindre, ou par rapport à un prisme de section en hélice et parallèle à l'axe de pivotement de l'arbre 1, comportant le secteur d'appui 2, au moins une cavité 4 pour la réception des moyens d'accrochage 13 ou/et d'au moins une partie de la première spire interne 11. L'axe DC du secteur d'appui 2 est parallèle ou confondu avec l'axe de pivotement D, et au moins une telle cavité 4 est dimensionnée pour la réception sans jeu, dans le sens de la largeur LI du ressort 10, de l'extrémité interne 12 ou d'au moins une partie de la première spire interne 11.In a particular embodiment of the driving element, the shaft 1 comprises, internally recessed with respect to a cylinder, or with respect to a helical section prism and parallel to the axis of pivoting of the shaft 1, comprising the support sector 2, at least one cavity 4 for receiving the attachment means 13 and / or at least a portion of the first inner turn 11. The axis DC of the bearing sector 2 is parallel or coincident with the axis Pivot D, and at least one such cavity 4 is dimensioned for receiving without play, in the direction of the width LI of the spring 10, the inner end 12 or at least a portion of the first inner coil 11.

Dans la variante de la figure 11B, l'extrémité interne 12 de la première spire interne 11 du ressort 10 est pliée ou roulée vers l'axe DC du secteur d'appui 2, de façon à constituer un arrêt d'entraînement 17. La figure 11B illustre un arbre 1 comportant, sensiblement parallèles l'un à l'autre; un plat 47 et une fente 48 de logement de la spire interne 11 du ressort 10 : son extrémité interne 12 est en appui sur le plat47, et la spire 11 est glissée dans la fente 48.In the variant of the Figure 11B the inner end 12 of the first inner turn 11 of the spring 10 is folded or rolled towards the axis DC of the bearing sector 2, so as to constitute a driving stop 17. Figure 11B illustrates a shaft 1 having substantially parallel to each other; a plate 47 and a slot 48 housing the inner coil 11 of the spring 10: its inner end 12 is supported on the plate 47, and the coil 11 is slid into the slot 48.

Dans une exécution avantageuse illustrée par la figure 15, l'épaisseur EI définie de la première spire interne 11 du ressort 10 est inférieure à l'épaisseur ES des spires suivantes du ressort 10, lesquelles spires suivantes sont, ou bien de section constante entre elles, ou bien de section progressive en s'éloignant de la première spire interne 11.In an advantageous embodiment illustrated by the figure 15 , the defined thickness EI of the first inner turn 11 of the spring 10 is less than the thickness ES of the following turns of the spring 10, which subsequent turns are of constant section between them, or of progressive section in s' away from the first inner turn 11.

Cette exécution est applicable à toutes les variantes d'arbres de barillet décrites ici, et elle permet un plaquage optimal de la première spire interne 11 sur l'arbre 1, et en particulier sur le ou les secteur(s) cylindrique (s) qu'il comporte. Avantageusement l'extrémité libre 12 comporte un chanfrein 121 ou un rayon, de façon à permettre un bon enroulement de la spire suivante.This embodiment is applicable to all the variants of barrel shafts described here, and it allows an optimal plating of the first inner turn 11 on the shaft 1, and in particular on the cylindrical sector (s) which 'it comprises. Advantageously, the free end 12 comprises a chamfer 121 or a radius, so as to allow a good winding of the next turn.

Dans une réalisation particulière, au moins l'extrémité interne 12 de la première spire interne 11 du ressort 10 comporte, sur sa face interne destinée à venir en appui sur le secteur d'appui 2 de l'arbre 1, une rugosité supérieure à 12 micromètres Ra.In a particular embodiment, at least the inner end 12 of the first inner turn 11 of the spring 10 comprises, on its inner face intended to bear on the bearing sector 2 of the shaft 1, a roughness greater than 12 micrometers Ra.

Le maintien relatif entre le ressort 10 et l'arbre 1 peut être assuré par des moyens amovibles et complémentaires, tels qu'oeillet et crochet, ou similaire. Dans une alternative, il peut être assuré par une liaison permanente entre eux, par un procédé de fixation, notamment irréversible, par soudage, brasage, collage, ou similaire. Dans une version particulière illustrée à la figure 16A d'un élément moteur 100, au moins un tel ressort 10 est soudé sur l'arbre 1 au niveau de deux points 51, 52 sensiblement diamétralement opposés par rapport à l'axe DC du secteur d'appui 2.The relative retention between the spring 10 and the shaft 1 can be provided by removable and complementary means, such as eyelet and hook, or the like. In an alternative, it can be ensured by a permanent connection between them, by a method of fixing, in particular irreversible, by welding, brazing, bonding, or the like. In a particular version illustrated at figure 16A of a motor element 100, at least one such spring 10 is welded to the shaft 1 at two points 51, 52 that are substantially diametrically opposed with respect to the axis DC of the bearing sector 2.

Les modes d'élaboration proposés pour des arbres 1 conçus spécifiquement pour des ressorts 10 de type déterminé autorisent un dimensionnement des éléments antagonistes de façon à assurer un montage sans jeu de l'un sur l'autre. En particulier, au moins un tel ressort 10 est maintenu sans jeu dans une gorge annulaire 44 de l'arbre 1 autour du secteur d'appui 2, ou dans une gorge droite 45 de l'arbre 1 selon une génératrice de l'arbre 1.The development methods proposed for shafts 1 designed specifically for springs 10 of a given type allow the counter elements to be dimensioned so as to ensure a play-free assembly of the one on the other. In particular, at least one such spring 10 is held without play in an annular groove 44 of the shaft 1 around the bearing sector 2, or in a straight groove 45 of the shaft 1 along a generatrix of the shaft 1 .

De façon avantageuse, quand on désire un maintien irréversible, l'extrémité interne 12, ou au moins une partie de la première spire 11, est maintenue de façon irréversible dans une telle gorge 44, 45, par soudage ou brasage, ou encore, de façon très économique, par martelage ou écrasement local au niveau de zones de déformation 53, au niveau du ressort 10 ou/et au niveau de l'arbre 1. La figure 16C illustre un ressort 10 monté ajusté et monté saillant dans une gorge circulaire 44 d'un arbre 1, et martelé en position pour son maintien, notamment par l'action d'une molette ou similaire, de façon à créer des surfaces de déformation 53 immobilisant le ressort par rapport à l'arbre. La figure 16D illustre de façon similaire, et préférée dans le cas usuel où la dureté du ressort est supérieure à celle de l'arbre, une application où la molette est appliquée sur les parois d'une gorge dans laquelle est enserré le ressort pour emprisonner celui-ci sous des zones de déformation 53.Advantageously, when irreversible retention is desired, the inner end 12, or at least a part of the first turn 11, is irreversibly maintained in such a groove 44, 45, by welding or soldering, or else very economical way, by hammering or local crushing at the level of deformation zones 53, at the level of the spring 10 and / or at the level of the shaft 1. The figure 16C illustrates a spring 10 mounted fitted and projecting in a circular groove 44 of a shaft 1, and hammered in position for its retention, in particular by the action of a wheel or the like, so as to create deformation surfaces 53 immobilizing the spring relative to the shaft. The figure 16D similarly illustrates, and preferred in the usual case where the hardness of the spring is greater than that of the shaft, an application where the wheel is applied to the walls of a groove in which the spring is gripped to imprison it under deformation zones 53.

Toutes les configurations exposées ci-dessus se prêtent à un arrêt du ressort 10 sur l'arbre 1 par un point de soudage, soudage laser (radial ou parallèle à l'axe), brasage, collage, ou similaire.All the above-mentioned configurations are suitable for stopping the spring 10 on the shaft 1 by a welding point, laser welding (radial or parallel to the axis), brazing, bonding, or the like.

L'invention concerne encore un mécanisme d'horlogerie 1000 comportant au moins un tel élément moteur 100. Ce mécanisme 1000 est un barillet 200, ou un mouvement 300 incorporant au moins un barillet 200, ou une pièce d'horlogerie 400 incorporant au moins un mouvement 300 incorporant au moins un barillet 200.The invention also relates to a timepiece mechanism 1000 comprising at least one such motor element 100. This mechanism 1000 is a cylinder 200, or a movement 300 incorporating at least one cylinder 200, or a timepiece 400 incorporating at least one movement 300 incorporating at least one cylinder 200.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for fabrication of a timepiece barrel arbor, in which, in a first wire drawing operation, a bar is drawn to form at least one continuous profile (30), protruding with respect to a support sector (2) of circular or helical profile about an axis (DC) parallel to or coincident with that of said bar, wherein the cross-section of said continuous profile (30) corresponds to the projection, in a plane perpendicular to said axis (DC), of complementary hooking means (3) to be made on said arbor (1), and in that, in a second, bar turning operation about an axis parallel to or coincident with said axis (DC) of said support sector (2), at the level of said continuous profile (30) upper (34A) and lower (34B) surfaces delimiting a hook (34) are turned, to cooperate with an eye of a spring, and upper (5) and lower (6) shoulders are turned for guiding the pivoting of said arbor (1).
  2. Method for fabrication of a timepiece barrel arbor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one portion of said support sector (2) along said axis (DC) is given a surface roughness greater than 12 micrometres Ra, in the form of a flute made during said wire drawing operation.
  3. Method for fabrication of a timepiece barrel arbor (1) according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one portion of said support sector (2) along said axis (DC) is given a surface roughness greater than 12 micrometres Ra, in the form of a knurled portion made during said further machining operation.
  4. Method for making a drive element (100) for a timepiece barrel, including at least one mainspring (10) and a barrel arbor (1), wherein a spiral strip mainspring (10) of determined type is made including a first inner coil (11) with a defined width (L1) and thickness (EI) and said first inner coil (11) including, for the holding thereof on a barrel arbor (1), at an inner end (12), hooking means (13) having a defined profile (14), characterized in that said barrel arbor (1) is made by a method according to any of the preceding claims, said arbor (1) including means (5, 6) for pivotal guiding about a pivot axis (DP), and including at least one support sector (2) for supporting a said first inner coil (11) of at least one said mainspring (10), said arbor (1) including complementary hooking means (3) having a complementary profile (314) to said profile (14) of said hooking means (13) for pivotal cooperation thereof with said at least one spring (10).
  5. Method for making a drive element (100) for a timepiece barrel according to claim 4, characterized in that said spiral strip mainspring (10) of determined type is made with an eye (16) at an inner end (12) of the first inner coil (11) of said spring (10), and in that said continuous profile (30) is produced by wire drawing to the profile of a hook (34) combined with a housing (35) and having a profile corresponding to that of said eye (16).
  6. Method for making a drive element (100) for a timepiece barrel according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said spring (10) is produced with said defined thickness (EI) of said first inner coil (11) which is smaller than the thickness (ES) of the following coils of said spring (10), which are of constant or progressive cross-section moving away from said first inner coil (11).
  7. Method for making a drive element (100) for a timepiece barrel according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that said spring (10) is made with at least said inner end (12) of said first inner coil (11) of said spring (10) which includes, on the inner face thereof intended to bear on said support sector (2) of said arbor (1), a roughness greater than 12 micrometres Ra.
  8. Method for making a drive element (100) for a timepiece barrel according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that at least one said spring (10) is welded to said arbor (1) at two substantially diametrically opposite points (51, 52) with respect to said axis (DC) of said support sector (2).
  9. Method for making a timepiece mechanism (1000) including at least one drive element (100) made by a method according to any of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that said mechanism (1000) is a barrel (200), or a movement (300) incorporating at least one barrel (200), or a timepiece (400) incorporating at least one movement (300) incorporating at least one barrel (200).
EP12165537.7A 2012-04-25 2012-04-25 Barrel spring and arbour Active EP2657794B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12165537.7A EP2657794B1 (en) 2012-04-25 2012-04-25 Barrel spring and arbour
EP13163792.8A EP2674817B1 (en) 2012-04-25 2013-04-15 Manufacturing method of an arbour of a timepiece barrel
US13/869,480 US9317013B2 (en) 2012-04-25 2013-04-24 Method of producing drive element for a timepiece barrel including a barrel arbor and mainspring
RU2013119128A RU2609397C2 (en) 2012-04-25 2013-04-24 Drum shaft and mainspring
JP2013092016A JP5749760B2 (en) 2012-04-25 2013-04-25 Barrel box and spring
CN201310148320.7A CN103376727B (en) 2012-04-25 2013-04-25 Bar axle and mainspring barrel
HK14103820.4A HK1190805A1 (en) 2012-04-25 2014-04-22 Barrel arbour and mainspring

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12165537.7A EP2657794B1 (en) 2012-04-25 2012-04-25 Barrel spring and arbour

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EP2657794A1 EP2657794A1 (en) 2013-10-30
EP2657794B1 true EP2657794B1 (en) 2017-02-01

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EP (2) EP2657794B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5749760B2 (en)
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US20130283615A1 (en) 2013-10-31
EP2674817A2 (en) 2013-12-18
CN103376727B (en) 2016-02-10
US9317013B2 (en) 2016-04-19
JP5749760B2 (en) 2015-07-15
EP2674817B1 (en) 2020-05-27
HK1190805A1 (en) 2014-07-11
EP2674817A3 (en) 2017-05-17
RU2609397C2 (en) 2017-02-01
JP2013228393A (en) 2013-11-07
EP2657794A1 (en) 2013-10-30
CN103376727A (en) 2013-10-30
RU2013119128A (en) 2014-10-27

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