EP2655878A1 - Couronne d'orientation coulissante dotée d'une rigidité rotative dépendant de la charge du rotor - Google Patents

Couronne d'orientation coulissante dotée d'une rigidité rotative dépendant de la charge du rotor

Info

Publication number
EP2655878A1
EP2655878A1 EP10799021.0A EP10799021A EP2655878A1 EP 2655878 A1 EP2655878 A1 EP 2655878A1 EP 10799021 A EP10799021 A EP 10799021A EP 2655878 A1 EP2655878 A1 EP 2655878A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
array
ring
rings
nacelle
tower
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10799021.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Duffey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xant NV
Original Assignee
3E
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3E filed Critical 3E
Publication of EP2655878A1 publication Critical patent/EP2655878A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/12—Devices with one or more rotary vanes turning in the fluid any throttling effect being immaterial, i.e. damping by viscous shear effect only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F16C17/03—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
    • F16C17/035—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings the segments being integrally formed with, or rigidly fixed to, a support-element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/24—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of wind turbines. More in particular, it is in the field of a yaw damper for a wind turbine
  • wind turbines are optimised to maximize their power output over the complete wind speed operating range.
  • several servo mechanisms are incorporated in the design such as the pitch system and the yaw system. In older turbines these mechanisms are
  • control mechanism is a wind orientation mechanism or yaw control. In upwind wind turbines such a mechanism orients the turbine rotor plane perpendicular to the wind stream.
  • the turbine follows the wind as the wind direction changes.
  • the yaw system is usually very simple, and in many cases only includes a yaw bearing.
  • passive yaw systems have to be designed in a way that the nacelle does respond to a sudden change in wind direction with a yaw movement that is too fast, otherwise high gyroscopic loads in the blade roots and oscillations of the nacelle can contribute to sources of structural stress.
  • a sudden change in wind direction or excessive turbulence or wind shear can also result in excessive teeter motion and the turbine can yaw unwieldy and hence cut performance.
  • the free yaw system should include mechanisms to maintain the yaw rate below an acceptable value determined by the calculation of the gyroscopic loads.
  • a yaw damper may be installed to reduce the yaw rate sufficiently and modulate the performance and dynamic response of the wind turbine. Hydraulic yaw damping systems have been described elsewhere for example, in US 4,674,954 J.A.C. Kenfield), in addition to electro-mechanical systems (e.g. used on the endurance E-3120; http://www.endurancewindpower.com/e3120.html ).
  • Some yaw systems use friction in the rotational yawing motion to limit the yaw rate and dampen the oscillations, however, they suffer from inaccurate tracking at low wind speed as the aerodynamic yaw torque is insufficient to overcome the friction torque under these conditions. They, hence, they also use active yaw system.
  • the friction required to keep the yaw rate below an acceptable value with respect to the gyroscopic loads in the blade roots at high wind speed is usually very high. This value is determined by the maximal aerodynamic yaw produced at the highest wind speed.
  • the friction required to overcome the aerodynamic yaw torque and effectively dampen the yaw rate at such speeds is higher than at low wind speed.
  • using high friction leads to an inefficient behavior at low wind speeds because at these speeds, the nacelle cannot be aligned by the aerodynamic yaw torque.
  • the nacelle will not track the wind or position itself at a large yaw angle as the aerodynamic yaw torque increase with the yaw angle.
  • the present invention provides a new system for dampening the yaw rate according to wind speed at the top of the tower, while avoiding the requirement for active yaw systems.
  • the present invention is a wind-speed dependent yaw damper for regulating the resistance to rotation of a nacelle of a wind turbine relative to a tower of said turbine on which the nacelle is attached.
  • the nacelle is preferably a horizontal axis system i.e. the axle of the turbine blades is aligned essentially horizontally.
  • the wind turbine tower is preferably longitudinal, and vertically mounted.
  • the wind turbine nacelle is attached to a wind turbine tower using a revolute (rotatable or yawing) mounting.
  • the tower may be fixed to the ground or to the seabed, or be floating on water.
  • a yaw damper comprising:
  • a first ring array comprising two or more concentrically arranged rings arranged around a central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis configured for attachment to the base of the nacelle, the rings are flanked on one or both radial sides by an annular seating space
  • a second ring array comprising two or more concentrically arranged rings arranged around a central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis configured for attachment to the top of the tower whereby the rings are flanked on one or both radial sides by an annular seating space
  • the two or more rings of the first array are arranged to intercalate in the annular seating spaces in the second array, and the two or more rings of the second array are arranged to intercalate in the annular seating spaces in the first array.
  • Two or more rings of the first array are arranged to intercalate (insert or couple) in the annular seating space of the second array.
  • two or more rings of the second array are arranged to intercalate (insert or couple) in the annular seating space of the first array.
  • At least one ring (134) of the first array (130) and at least one ring (142) of the second array (140) may be rigid, and
  • a circumferential surface of at least one of the other rings, a deformable ring (144), of the second array (140) may be deformable in a radial plane centred around the central axis ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') of the second array (140).
  • At least one ring (134) of the first array (130) and at least one ring (142) of the second array (140) may be rigid, and the attachment is rigid, and
  • a deformable ring (144), of the second array (140) may be deformable relative to the rigid ring (142) of the second array (140), said deformity being in a radial plane centred around the central axis ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') of the second array (140).
  • Said rigid rings (134, 142) may be the outermost ring of the first array (130) and innermost ring of the second array (140), or vice versa.
  • a deformable ring may be segmented (132a, 132b, 132c, 144a, 144b, 144c), and the majority of segments (132b, 132c, 144b, 144c) are adapted for displacement, in a radial plane centred around the central axis ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') of the array to which the deformable ring is attached.
  • a deformable ring may be segmented (132a, 132b, 132c, 144a, 144b, 144c), and the majority of segments (132b, 132c, 144b, 144c) adapted for displacement, relative to the rigid ring (134, 142) of the array to which the deformable ring is, in a radial plane centred around the central axis ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') of the array to which the deformable ring is attached.
  • the minority of segments (132a, 144a), preferably one segment, may be held in fixed alignment with the rigid rings (134, 142).
  • Each adjacent segment of a ring may be connected using one or more compliant members, such as a spring.
  • One ring (134) of the first array (130) and one ring (142) of the second array (140) may be rigid, and
  • the circumferential surfaces of all the other rings (132) of the first array (130) and of all the other rings (144) of the second array (140) may each be deformable in a radial direction.
  • All the rings (134) of the first array (130) and one ring (142) of the second array (140) may be rigid, and
  • the circumferential surface of all the other rings (144) of the second array (140) may each be deformable in a radial direction.
  • the rings (134, 138) of the first array (130) may be attached to a mounting, adapted for attachment to the nacelle (1 10), and/or,
  • the rings (142, 144) of the second array (140) may be attached to a mounting, adapted for attachment to the tower (120).
  • the first-array mounting may comprise a plurality of radial slots for guidance of the ring segments (132a, 132b, 132c) in a radial plane centred on the central axis of the first array
  • the second-array mounting may comprise a plurality of radial slots for guidance of the ring segments (144a, 144b, 144c) in a radial plane centred on the central axis of the second array
  • the deformable ring may be adapted for local or global radial expansion and/or contraction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a cross-sectional view of a first and second array of a yaw damper, whereby the arrays are separated.
  • the cross-sectional view is taken through a plane parallel to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a cross-sectional view of a first and second array of a yaw damper, whereby the arrays are coupled.
  • the cross-sectional view is taken through a plane parallel to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of the first array of FIG. 1.
  • the cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of second array of FIG. 1. The cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of a first and second array of a yaw damper which are coupled as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of a first array of a yaw damper as shown in FIG. 3, in which one ring is deformable i.e. segmented.
  • the cross- sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of a second array of a yaw damper as shown in FIG. 4, in which one ring is deformable i.e. segmented. The cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central (A- A') axis.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of a first array of FIG. 6 and the second array of FIG. 7 are coupled. The cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of a first array of FIG. 3 and the second array of FIG. 8 are coupled.
  • the cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of a first and second array of a yaw damper which are coupled as shown in FIG. 8, highlighting transmission of forces between the rings in light wind/no wind conditions.
  • the cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of a first and second array of a yaw damper which are coupled as shown in FIG. 8, highlighting transmission of forces between the rings in moderate conditions.
  • the cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration a transverse cross-sectional view of a first and second array of a yaw damper which are coupled as shown in FIG. 2, highlighting transmission of forces between the rings in high wind conditions.
  • the cross-sectional view is taken through a plane perpendicular to and touching the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis.
  • FIG. 13 is a plan view of a mounting for rings of an array, which mounting is disposed with a plurality of radial slots.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph depicting the result of a simulation of the yaw angle of a nacelle when the wind speed is 5m/s and the wind direction is 20° and the yaw friction is 2000 Nm.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph depicting the result of a simulation of the yaw angle of a nacelle when the wind speed is 5m/s and the wind direction is 20° and the yaw friction is 4000 Nm.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph depicting the result of a simulation of the yaw angle of a nacelle when the wind speed is 9m/s and the wind direction is 20° and the yaw friction is 5000 Nm.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph depicting the result of a simulation of the yaw angle of a nacelle when the wind speed is 5m/s and the wind direction is 20° and the yaw friction is 2000 Nm.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph depicting the result of a simulation of the ya
  • 17 is a graph depicting the result of a simulation of the yaw angle of a nacelle when the wind speed is 9m/s and the wind direction is 20° and the yaw friction is 20000 Nm.
  • the friction acting between the tower and nacelle that provides resistance to rotation may theoretically be split in two separate elements - basic friction and added friction.
  • the basic friction is that between surfaces in the axial direction and depends upon parameters such as the weight of the nacelle, the fabrication materials of both the nacelle and tower at the axial contact surfaces, and the lubrication of these surfaces.
  • the added (or kinetic) friction is that between surfaces in the radial direction, and is mainly dependent of the fabrication material in contact at the radial contact surfaces, their lubrication, and the wind speed.
  • the value of the basic friction is essentially constant in a given wind turbine setting, and is at a level to assure that the nacelle can yaw at acceptable angles and acceptable rates at relative low wind speeds.
  • the value of this basic friction is usually much higher than the value of the added friction value, and hence in classical turbines the effect of the wind speed is masked.
  • One way to control the value of the torque acting between the nacelle and the tower, is to increase the relative importance of the added friction value relative to basic friction responsive to the wind speed.
  • the present invention achieves this by the yaw damper 100 which increases friction in the radial direction only, while maintaining a constant basic friction, hence increasing the ratio added friction to basic friction.
  • the present invention relates to a wind-speed dependent yaw damper 100 for regulating resistance to rotation of a nacelle 110 of a wind turbine relative to a tower 120 of said turbine.
  • a wind-speed dependent yaw damper 100 for regulating resistance to rotation of a nacelle 110 of a wind turbine relative to a tower 120 of said turbine.
  • the yaw damper 100 comprises:
  • first ring array 130 comprising two or more concentrically arranged rings 132, 134 arranged around a central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axis configured for attachment to the base of the nacelle 110, the rings are flanked on one or both radial sides by an annular seating space 136, 138,
  • a second ring array 140 comprising two or more concentrically arranged rings
  • annular seating space 146, 148 configured for attachment to the top of the tower 120 whereby the rings are flanked on one or both radial sides by an annular seating space 146, 148,
  • the first 130 and second 140 arrays are revolutely coupled around an axis of rotation ( ⁇ - ⁇ '), which is the yawing axis of the nacelle.
  • ⁇ - ⁇ ' an axis of rotation
  • the application of a force to the nacelle 110 divergent from the central axis of the
  • ⁇ p ⁇ + . - A nr : ⁇ + TM :++— ⁇ + — . . ⁇ + — . , : : — ⁇ — +.. , — rings and regulating the torque required to rotate the nacelle relative to the tower.
  • ⁇ - ⁇ ' is drawn in the figures since the axis of rotation, the central axes of the first and second arrays are essentially coaxial.
  • At least one ring of the first array 130 preferably the outermost or innermost ring 134) and at least one ring of the second array 140 (preferably the innermost or outermost ring 142) are preferably rigid.
  • One or more of the other rings 132, 144 of either or both arrays 130, 140 may be deformable, locally or globally, in a radial direction (e.g. can expand or contract in a radial direction), such that a force applied to the nacelle in a direction divergent from the axis of rotation, is transmitted via the deformable rings radially across the intercalated array 180, thereby increasing friction between the surfaces of the rings 132, 134, 142, 144 and providing increased resistance to rotation.
  • a deformable ring may be achieved using a ring made from a plurality of rigid but radially slidable ring segments.
  • Frictional contact surfaces 158, 160 and 162 are highlighted are highlighted in FIG. 11.
  • the yaw damper 100 is able to provide a high friction at high wind speeds, which friction is released at lower wind speeds. There is no requirement for other mechanisms which rely on hydraulics or motorised systems. In view of the lack of additional systems which add expenditure and must be maintained, the instant invention provides a mechanically simple design for dampening excessive yawing that is economical to implement.
  • a ring 132, 134, 142, 144 as provided in the arrays 130, 140 has an essentially circular transverse (i.e. perpendicular to the central axis) profile. Typically it has a cylindrical form that is hollow.
  • the ring 132, 134, 142, 144 has an axial ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') direction, and a central axis which is preferably coaxial with the central ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') axes of the other concentric rings of the array 130, 140.
  • the cylindrical ring wall may be circumferentially intact for example in the case of an anchoring ring, or may be segmented.
  • segmented it is meant divided into a plurality of separate arc-shaped elements, thereby allowing the ring 132, 144 to deform (e.g. expand or contract, locally or globally).
  • the number of segments may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24 or more, or a value in the range between any two of the aforementioned values.
  • One axial end of an array ring 132, 134, 142, 144 is attached or configured for attachment to a structure (nacelle or tower), while the other axial end is open to receive one or more reciprocally coupling rings of the other array.
  • a ring may be made from any suitable material having the requisite stiffness and strength such as steel, or a polymer having the requisite friction coefficient.
  • the suitable material may have a high coefficient of friction, or be at least partly coated or lined with a material having a high coefficient of friction.
  • Example of a material having a high coefficient of friction is sintered steel.
  • the maximum outer diameter of a ring be 50 cm 100 cm, 200, cm, 300 cm 400 cm, or more, or a value in the range between any two of the aforementioned values, preferably 200 cm.
  • a ring may have an axial ( ⁇ - ⁇ ') length of 50 cm 100 cm, 200, cm, 300 cm 400 cm, or more, or a value in the range between any two of the aforementioned values, preferably 200 cm.
  • a ring may have a wall width (thickness in the radial direction) of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, or a value in the range between any two of the aforementioned values.
  • the rings in an array may each have an equal wall width.
  • the annular seating spaces in an array may each have an equal radial width i.e. when the radial distance between two adjacent concentric rings is measured.
  • at least two rings in an array may have different wall widths. Accordingly, the annular seating spaces in the reciprocating array may have different radial widths.
  • At least one ring 134 of the first array 130 is configured for rigid attachment to the nacelle 110. As such, it can both rotate around the axis of rotation and displace in concert or unison with the nacelle 110 (FIGs. 3 and 6). It also has a rigid structure. In other words, it is not radially deformable, at least under the normal working conditions of the wind turbine.
  • the first array anchoring ring 134 is the innermost or outermost ring of the array, preferably the innermost ring. Preferably, is it is circumferentially intact
  • Some, or all of the remainder of the rings 132 of the first array 130, may be configured for rigid attachment to the nacelle 110 such that they can both rotate around the axis of rntotinn onH H ic lo o in pnnport r»r i i nicrtn /ith tho firct o rro ⁇ / anphnrinn ri nn 1 " ⁇ f tnr hence the nacelle 110) (FIG. 3).
  • At least one, preferably all of the remainder of the rings 132 of the first array 130 may be deformable in a radial plane centred around the central axis of the first array.
  • a part or all of the circumference of the ring 132 may be (locally) displaced in a radial plane centred around the central axis of the first array 130.
  • a radially deformable ring 132 may be achieved using a segmented ring, wherein at least some of the segments are slidably displaceable in a radial plane centred around the central axis of the first array.
  • FIG. 6 depicts an embodiment wherein a ring 132 of the first array 130 is segmented 132a, 132b, 132c.
  • segmented it is meant divided into separate arc-shaped elements, thereby allowing the ring 132 to deform (e.g. radially expand or contract locally or globally).
  • the majority, preferably all but one, of the segments 132b, 132a of a segmented ring 132 may be configured for slidable attachment to the nacelle 110 so that they rotate around the axis of rotation in concert or unison with the anchoring ring 134 (and hence the nacelle 110), but can slidably displace in a radial plane around the axis of rotation, relative to the anchoring ring 134 (and hence nacelle 110).
  • the minority, preferably one, of the segments 132a of said ring 132 may be configured for immovable attachment to the nacelle 110 so that it can rotate around the axis of rotation and displace in concert or unison with the first array anchoring ring 134 (and hence the nacelle 110). In other words, the minority segment 132a is in fixed relation with the first array anchoring ring 134.
  • Each segment 132a, 132b, 132c may be attached to an adjacent segment using one or more deformable members such as a spring.
  • At least one ring 142 of the second array 140 is configured for rigid attachment to the tower 120. As such, it can both rotate around the axis of rotation and displace in concert or unison with the tower 120 (FIGs. 4 and 7).
  • the second array anchoring ring 142 also has a rigid structure. In other words, it is not radially deformable, at least under the normal working conditions of the wind turbine.
  • the second array anchoring ring 142 is the innermost or outermost ring of the array, preferably the innermost ring.
  • At least one, preferably all of the remainder of the rings 144 of the second array 140 may be deformable in a radial plane centred around the central axis of the second array 140.
  • a part of the circumference of the remaining ring 140 may be (locally) displaced in a radial plane centred around the central axis of the second array 140.
  • a radially deformable ring may be achieved using a segmented ring, wherein at least some of the segments are slidably displaceable in a radial plane centred around the central axis of the array.
  • FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment wherein a ring 144 of the second array 140 is segmented 144a, 144b, 144c.
  • segmented it is meant divided into separate arc-shaped elements, thereby allowing the ring 144 to deform (e.g. radially expand or contract, locally or globally).
  • the majority, preferably all but one, of the segments 144b, 144c of a segmented ring 144 are configured for slidable attachment to the tower 120 such that they are capable of rotating around the axis of rotation in concert or unison with the anchoring ring 142 (and hence tower 120), but can slidably displace in a plane radial to the axis of rotation, relative to the anchoring ring 142 (and hence tower 120).
  • the minority, preferably one, of the segments 144a of said segmented ring 144 is configured for rigid attachment to the tower 120; as such it can both rotate around the axis of rotation and displace in concert or unison with the tower 120. In other words, the minority segment 144a is in fixed relation with the second array anchoring ring 142.
  • the segments 144a, 144b, 144c may be adjacently attached to each other using a deformable member such as a spring.
  • an array 130, 140 as used in the yaw damper 100 comprises two or more concentrically arranged rings 132, 134, 142, 144 arranged around a central axis.
  • the rings configured for or are in fixed attachment to the base of the nacelle 110.
  • the rings are configured for or are in fixed attachment to the top of the tower 120.
  • Each ring of the array 130, 140 may be fixed at one axial end to a mounting, such as a circular disc, which mounting is attached or configured for attachment to the nacelle or tower, preferably in fixed relation.
  • the other axial end of a ring is preferably open to receive a reciprocally coupling ring present on the other array.
  • the mounting 190 may have a plurality of radial slots 192, 194, 196 for slidable attachment of at least some of the ring segments. As such, the segments can be guided for radial displacement within the slots 192, 194, 196.
  • each array 130, 140 the two or more rings 132, 134, 142, 144 are arranged concentrically.
  • their central axes are essentially coaxial, and are arranged one inside the other.
  • the number of rings 132, 134, 142, 144 in an array 130, 140 may be 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more, preferably 2.
  • the number of rings in the first array may be less than, equal to or more than the number of rings in the second array, preferably equal.
  • a ring 132, 134, 142, 144 is flanked on one or both radial sides by an annular seating space 146, 148. In other words, it is flanked on its inner or outer or both ring surfaces by an annular seating space 136, 138, 146, 148.
  • the annular seating space of an (e.g. first) array is configured to receive a ring of the other (e.g. second) intercalating array. It provides a space into which a reciprocating (inserting) ring of the other array can be seated.
  • the annular seating space may be confined to a gap between two adjacent concentric rings of an array, in which case an annular space is evident.
  • an innermost ring e.g. 132 of an array
  • it may extend towards the central axis of the ring, thereby having a cylindrical form that incorporates said annular shape.
  • an outermost ring e.g. 144 of an array
  • it may extend away from central axis of the ring, thereby having a volumetric form that incorporates said annular shape.
  • the space defined herein incorporates said annular space.
  • the outermost ring e.g. 134) may be flanked on its inner ring surface by an annular seating space (e.g. 138); the innermost ring (e.g.
  • annular seating space e.g. 146
  • annular seating space e.g. 142
  • an intervening ring may be flanked on both its outer and inner ring surfaces by an annular seating space.
  • a ring may be separated from a neighbouring ring by an annular seating space.
  • An annular seating space 136, 138, 146, 148 of an array may have a minimum radial rings.
  • the innermost receiving ring e.g. 132
  • an outer most receiving ring e.g. 144
  • the annular seating space 136, 138, 146, 148 of an array has a minimum axial depth that is the minimum axial distance between one axial end of the space and the other i.e. from an open end to a closed end of the space.
  • An annular seating space present in a first array 130 is dimensioned to receive a reciprocating ring of the second array 140.
  • an annular seating space present in a second array 140 is dimensioned to receive the reciprocating ring of the first array 130.
  • the radial width of an annular seating space is the same size or slightly greater than the radial width of the reciprocating ring wall, so that there are no substantial air gaps.
  • the radial width of an annular seating space may be 1 % or 2 % or more greater than width of the ring wall for insertion into the annular seating space.
  • the two or more rings 132, 134 of the first array 130 are arranged to intercalate in the annular seating spaces 146, 148 of the second array 140.
  • the two or more rings 142, 144 of the second array 140 are arranged to intercalate in the annular seating spaces 136, 138 in the first array 130.
  • the first and second arrays are revolutely coupled, as shown, for instance, in FIGs. 5 and 9.
  • the first array 130 is able to rotate relative to the second array 140. Preferably, there is no limit to the rotation i.e. it may rotate in either direction, and in multiple turns.
  • one ring (134) of the first array (130) and one ring (142) of the second array (140) is rigid and rigidly attached to the nacelle, and
  • all the other rings (132) of the first array (130) and of all the other rings (144) are each deformable, preferably segmenetd.
  • all the rings (134) of the first array (130) and one ring (142) of the second array (140) is rigid, and all the other rings (144) of the second o rro ⁇ / ( ⁇ AC ⁇ a ra aorh rlc_fnrmo lc- nrafarohK/
  • the yaw damper 100 of the invention provides frictional resistance to the revolute motion between the nacelle and tower. It is preferable that it has no bearing function, more in particular that the arrangement of concentric rings do not act as bearings.
  • the weight of the nacelle is borne by a separate bearing (ball bearing or sliding bearing) disposed, for example, around the outside of the yaw damper 100. While a bearing function of the yaw damper is not preferred, however, it is not necessarily excluded from the scope of the invention.
  • a horizontal-axis wind turbine described herein comprising the turbine tower 120 and a nacelle 110 in revolute attachment to the tower 120, comprising the yaw damper 100 as described herein.
  • the turbine tower 120 may be at least partially hollow.
  • the nacelle 110 may be dismountably attached to the tower 120.
  • the improvement of the wind dependent friction on the yaw system behaviour has been confirmed by simulations performed on an aero-elastic code.
  • the simulations have been performed with a defined wind turbine at different wind speed (3-5-7-9-1 1 -13-15-17-19- 21 m/s) and different friction value on the yaw system. Each time the wind turbine has been released with an initial yaw angle of 20°.
  • Two different wind conditions have been simulated with deterministic wind (steady conditions) or with turbulent wind.
  • the major outputs of these simulations are the yaw angle, the stability of the wind turbine and the yaw rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un amortisseur d'orientation dépendant de la vitesse du vent permettant de réguler la rotation d'une nacelle d'une éolienne par rapport à une tour de ladite éolienne, comprenant : - un premier réseau d'anneaux (130) comprenant deux anneaux disposés de manière concentrique (132), (134) ou plus, disposés autour d'un axe central (A-A') conçu pour une fixation à la base de la nacelle (110), chaque anneau étant encadré sur l'un et/ou l'autre côté radial par un espace d'appui annulaire (136), (138), - un second réseau d'anneaux (140) comprenant deux anneaux disposés de manière concentrique (142), (144) ou plus, disposés autour d'un axe central (A-A') conçu pour une fixation au sommet de la tour 120, chaque anneau étant encadré sur l'un et/ou l'autre côté radial par un espace d'appui annulaire (146), (148), les deux anneaux ou plus (132), (134) du premier réseau (130) étant disposés pour s'intercaler dans les espaces d'appui annulaires (146, 148) dans le second réseau (140) et vice-versa, ce qui couple en rotation les premier et second réseaux autour d'un axe de rotation (A-A'), de telle sorte que l'application à la nacelle d'une force (110) divergente de l'axe central du premier réseau d'anneaux (130) est transmise à travers les anneaux, ce qui augmente le frottement entre les anneaux et régule le couple requis pour faire tourner la nacelle par rapport à la tour.
EP10799021.0A 2010-12-21 2010-12-21 Couronne d'orientation coulissante dotée d'une rigidité rotative dépendant de la charge du rotor Withdrawn EP2655878A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2010/070367 WO2012084016A1 (fr) 2010-12-21 2010-12-21 Couronne d'orientation coulissante dotée d'une rigidité rotative dépendant de la charge du rotor

Publications (1)

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EP2655878A1 true EP2655878A1 (fr) 2013-10-30

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EP (1) EP2655878A1 (fr)
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CN113753187A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-07 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 漂浮式风电机组
CN114893349A (zh) * 2022-07-14 2022-08-12 深圳众城卓越科技有限公司 偏航系统电机防过流过载控制方法及装置

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CN110160732B (zh) * 2018-08-09 2020-12-25 北京机电工程研究所 用于颤振试验的可调摩擦力装置及可调摩擦力方法

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WO2004091995A2 (fr) * 2003-04-08 2004-10-28 Timken U.S. Coporation Palier a friction a absence de jeu
WO2008148526A2 (fr) * 2007-06-04 2008-12-11 Suzlon Energy Gmbh Ensemble palier pour éolienne
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Cited By (3)

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CN113753187A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-07 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 漂浮式风电机组
CN113753187B (zh) * 2021-09-26 2022-08-19 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 漂浮式风电机组
CN114893349A (zh) * 2022-07-14 2022-08-12 深圳众城卓越科技有限公司 偏航系统电机防过流过载控制方法及装置

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WO2012084016A9 (fr) 2014-07-24

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