EP2655750A1 - Method for modifying a structure with a reinforced floor - Google Patents

Method for modifying a structure with a reinforced floor

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Publication number
EP2655750A1
EP2655750A1 EP11815532.4A EP11815532A EP2655750A1 EP 2655750 A1 EP2655750 A1 EP 2655750A1 EP 11815532 A EP11815532 A EP 11815532A EP 2655750 A1 EP2655750 A1 EP 2655750A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
facing
elements
stabilizing
stabilizing element
outer face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11815532.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2655750B1 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Freitag
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terre Armee Internationale
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Terre Armee Internationale
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Terre Armee Internationale filed Critical Terre Armee Internationale
Publication of EP2655750A1 publication Critical patent/EP2655750A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2655750B1 publication Critical patent/EP2655750B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D37/00—Repair of damaged foundations or foundation structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of modifying a civil engineering work using reinforced soil techniques, for example a reinforced embankment work.
  • the works concerned by the invention may have various uses such as for example traffic lanes, extend a building space, prevent the deterioration, erosion or falling stones of walls or rock walls, or create an aesthetic mass .
  • a reinforced soil structure generally combines a compacted backfill, a facing and reinforcements or stabilizing elements connected to the facing.
  • the stabilizing elements are placed in the soil with a density depending on the stresses that can be exerted on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the soil-reinforcement friction.
  • the facing is most often made from prefabricated concrete elements in the form of slabs or blocks, juxtaposed to cover the front face of the structure. There may be horizontal recesses on this front face between different levels of the facing, when the structure has one or more terraces.
  • Stabilization elements placed in the embankment are usually joined to the facing with the help of mechanical connection members that can take various forms. Once the work is completed, the stabilization elements distributed in the embankment transmit high loads, up to several tons. Their connection to the facing must be robust to maintain the cohesion of the whole. Although these structures in reinforced soil are very robust and powerful, it happens that in use, one realizes that it is necessary to make modifications of the structure.
  • a structure initially supporting four traffic lanes may need to be modified to accommodate six lanes.
  • the siding deteriorates, for example due to a use of the work not originally planned or due to a defect in the manufacture of the siding.
  • Concrete facing elements can suffer from concrete pathologies.
  • the concrete pathologies known to those skilled in the art which may lead to swelling of the facing elements include, for example, alkaline reactions occurring within the concrete or internal sulphate reactions.
  • the internal swelling of the crystals can lead to the cracking then to the progressive fragmentation of the concrete composing the facing.
  • This swelling can take place over several months or years. However, it is not detectable at the time of construction of the structure and this swelling can also be accelerated by adverse weather conditions.
  • Facing elements of a structure in reinforced soil play an important role in the stabilization of the structure.
  • these facing elements also play an architectonic role.
  • repair solutions consist essentially of replacing damaged or degraded siding elements.
  • the embankment is stabilized by injection of a concrete at the rear of the facing element
  • a new facing element is cast in place or the old facing element is replaced by a prefabricated element.
  • the invention thus proposes a method of modifying a structure in reinforced soil, said structure comprising:
  • a first facing comprising an outer face defining the front face of the structure
  • the modification process comprising the steps in which:
  • a second facing is arranged along the outer face of the first facing
  • the stabilization element is connected to the second facing.
  • the method according to the invention does not require any removal operation of the facing elements.
  • the implementation of the method according to the invention does not present risks of landslide or erosion so that the operations are simplified and the security significantly improved.
  • a method according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following optional features considered individually or according to all possible combinations:
  • the disconnection of the stabilizing element of the first facing is made by opening from the outer face of said first facing, for example by sawing, percussion or coring;
  • the method further comprises a step where there is disposed on the outer face of the first facing a geotextile seal;
  • the method further comprises a step where there is disposed between the first and second siding a compressible material
  • the method further comprises a step of mechanically tensioning the stabilizing element after disconnecting the stabilizing element from the first facing;
  • the method further comprises a step of setting up a system for maintaining the mechanical tension of the stabilizing element before disconnecting the stabilizing element from the first facing;
  • the second facing is disposed against the first facing
  • the second facing is disposed along the outer face of the first facing so as to define a volume to be backfilled, the method further comprising a step during which bringing backfill material into said volume;
  • the second facing is disposed along the outer face of the first facing so as to define a volume to be backfilled, the method further comprising the steps in which:
  • the first and second facings respectively comprise a first and a second set of prefabricated elements, the prefabricated elements of the first and second assemblies having substantially identical shapes and dimensions, and the prefabricated elements of the second set are arranged in a substantially identical arrangement to that prefabricated elements of the first facing; and or
  • the second facing comprises a mesh to which the stabilizing element is connected, the second facing element being then obtained by shotcrete.
  • the invention also relates to a reinforced soil structure modified by means of a method according to the invention.
  • the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a reinforced soil structure under construction
  • FIGS. 2a to 2d illustrate the introduction of a second facing by means of a method according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 3a to 3b illustrate the establishment of a second facing by means of a method according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic side sectional view of a reinforced soil structure obtained by means of a method according to a third embodiment of one invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a retaining wall on reinforced soil.
  • a compacted embankment 1 in which are distributed stabilizing elements 2 and delimited on the front face of the structure by a first facing 3 formed by juxtaposing prefabricated elements 4 in the form of panels and on the rear side by the ground 5 against which is directed the retaining wall.
  • the stabilizing elements 2 are linear elements such as rolled steel reinforcements or geotextile strips.
  • the stabilizing elements 2 may comprise metal or synthetic reinforcements for example in the form of flexible strips spreading in planes horizontally at the rear of the first siding 3. It may especially be reinforcing strips based on polyethylene fibers wrapped in polyethylene.
  • the stabilizing elements 2 are anchored to the rear face of the facing elements 4, for example by means of expansion plugs, sealed tabs, metal nails or rings or any other anchoring means known to the man. of career.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to modify a structure in reinforced soil as shown in FIG. 2a.
  • the method according to the invention can for example enlarge the structure in reinforced soil. This may be of interest especially if the reinforced soil structure supports a road and it is desirable to widen this road.
  • This reinforced soil structure comprising a backfill 1, a first facing 3 comprising an outer face 8 defining the front face of the structure.
  • the first facing being composed of a set of first facing elements 4.
  • the reinforced soil structure further comprises first stabilizing elements 2 connected to the different first facing elements 4 and extending into a reinforced area of the embankment 1 located at the rear of the front face of the work.
  • Figure 2a illustrates a first step of the method according to the invention.
  • this first step of the method at least one of the stabilizing elements 2 connected preferably to the lowest facing is disconnected.
  • the stabilizing element 4 can be tensioned by means of return elements as described in the FR0312083 application.
  • the method according to this first embodiment then comprises a step of setting up a second facing illustrated in Figure 2b.
  • an element 14 of the second facing is disposed along the outer face of the first facing 4 so as to define a volume to be backfilled 16.
  • the method according to this first embodiment then comprises an embankment step illustrated in FIG. 2c.
  • backfill material is brought and compacted progressively in the volume 16 defined between the first facing element 4 and the second facing element 14, until reaching the level of the coring made in the first element facing 4.
  • backfill material materials that can be used as backfill material are natural soils, soils treated or stabilized with lime or hydraulic binder, recycling materials such as recycled concrete, road mills, some industrial combustion residues. or garbage, etc.
  • the method then comprises a step of setting up a second stabilizing element illustrated in FIG. 2d.
  • a step of setting up a second stabilizing element there is a stabilizing element 12 on the embankment previously brought and compacted.
  • This second stabilizing element 12 is connected to the first stabilizing element 2, so as to form a new stabilizing element comprising the first stabilizing element 2 and the second stabilizing element 12 connected to each other.
  • the second stabilizing element 12 may be connected to the first stabilizing element 2 by any connection means known to those skilled in the art.
  • Backfill material is then provided over the second stabilizing element 12 which has just been installed. This backfill material is compacted as and when it is added.
  • the steps can be repeated as much as necessary if several levels of stabilizing elements are arranged in the reinforced soil structure to be modified.
  • the new stabilizing element comprising the first and second stabilizing elements 2 and 12 after connecting the first and second stabilizing elements to each other.
  • This power can be done for example by means of a mechanical clamping device such as a tensioner.
  • the second facing element 14 has substantially the same shape and dimension as the first facing elements 4.
  • the implementation of the method is simplified and this gives the reinforced soil structure flexibility properties substantially identical to those of the original structure.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to repair a structure in reinforced soil are the elements of facing would have degraded.
  • This reinforced soil structure comprises a backfill 1, a first facing 3 having an outer face 8 defining the front face of the structure.
  • the first facing being composed of a set of first facing elements 4.
  • the reinforced soil structure further comprises first stabilizing elements 2 connected to the different first facing elements 4 and extending into a reinforced area of the embankment 1 located at the rear of the front face of the work.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to repair the structure without the need to replace the facing elements 4 one by one, thus avoiding a long, minute and risky process.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a first step during which a first stabilizing element 2 connected to a first facing element 4, preferably one of the first facing elements located at the base, is disconnected. of the work on reinforced soil.
  • This disconnection can be achieved for example by opening from the outer face of the first facing element 4, for example by wake, percussion or coring. Following this disconnection, it comes to have a second facing element 14 along the outer face of the first facing element, preferably against the first facing element. The first stabilizing element 2 is then connected to the second facing element 14 as illustrated in FIG. 3b.
  • the stabilizing element 2 can be maintained in tension after the coring step or can be tensioned once connected to the second facing element 14.
  • the second facing member 14 may be provided with anchoring means for anchoring the first stabilizing element 2 to the second facing member 14 and tensioning means, for example a tensioner .
  • a complete geotextile seal on the front face of the structure to to fix.
  • This seal can also be placed so as to cover the joints between the elements of the first facing; for example by gluing geotextile joint strips on the first facing.
  • a compressible sheet for example made of elastomer, may be placed between the first facing elements 4 and the second facing elements 14.
  • the stabilizing elements 2 are brought into tension before being connected to the second facing element 14 is facilitated.
  • This variant of the invention is particularly advantageous when the first facing elements 4 may continue to degrade over time, in particular, by swelling.
  • the new facing elements are substantially identical to the old facing elements and arranged so substantially identical to these.
  • the implementation of the method is simplified and this gives the reinforced soil structure flexibility properties substantially identical to those of the original structure.
  • a second facing comprising a lattice 16, for example a metal lattice, to which the stabilizing elements 2 will be connected.
  • the second facing element is then constituted by means of concrete spraying methods on the trellis to which the stabilizing elements 2 have been previously connected.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for modifying a structure with a reinforced floor, said structure comprising: an embankment, a first facing including an outer surface defining the front surface of the structure, and at least one stabilisation element connected to the first facing and extending in a reinforced area of the embankment located to the rear of the front surface of the structure. According to the invention, the modification method includes the following steps during which: a second facing is arranged along the length of the outer surface of the first facing, the stabilisation element is disconnected from the first facing, and the stabilisation element is connected to the second facing.

Description

Procédé de modification d' un ouvrage en sol renforcé  Method of modifying a structure on reinforced soil
La présente invention concerne un procédé de modification d'ouvrage de génie civil faisant appel à des techniques de sols renforcés, par exemple d'un ouvrage en remblai renforcé. The present invention relates to a method of modifying a civil engineering work using reinforced soil techniques, for example a reinforced embankment work.
Les ouvrages concernés par l'invention peuvent avoir des usages variés comme par exemple des voies de circulation, étendre un espace constructible, prévenir la détérioration, l'érosion ou la chute de pierres de murs ou de parois rocheuses, ou encore créer un massif esthétique.  The works concerned by the invention may have various uses such as for example traffic lanes, extend a building space, prevent the deterioration, erosion or falling stones of walls or rock walls, or create an aesthetic mass .
Un ouvrage en sol renforcé associe généralement un remblai compacté, un parement et des renforcements ou éléments de stabilisation connectés au parement. Les éléments de stabilisation sont mis en place dans le sol avec une densité dépendant des contraintes pouvant s'exercer sur l'ouvrage, les efforts de poussée du terrain étant repris par le frottement sol-renforcement.  A reinforced soil structure generally combines a compacted backfill, a facing and reinforcements or stabilizing elements connected to the facing. The stabilizing elements are placed in the soil with a density depending on the stresses that can be exerted on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the soil-reinforcement friction.
Le parement est le plus souvent réalisé à partir d'éléments préfabriqués en béton, en forme de dalles ou de blocs, juxtaposés pour recouvrir la face frontale de l'ouvrage. II peut y avoir des décrochements horizontaux sur cette face frontale entre différents niveaux du parement, lorsque l'ouvrage comporte une ou plusieurs terrasses.  The facing is most often made from prefabricated concrete elements in the form of slabs or blocks, juxtaposed to cover the front face of the structure. There may be horizontal recesses on this front face between different levels of the facing, when the structure has one or more terraces.
Les éléments de stabilisation placés dans le remblai sont habituellement solidarisés au parement à l'aide d'organes de connexion mécaniques pouvant prendre diverses formes. Une fois l'ouvrage terminé, les éléments de stabilisation répartis dans le remblai transmettent des charges élevées, pouvant aller jusqu'à plusieurs tonnes. Leur connexion au parement doit être robuste pour conserver la cohésion de l'ensemble. Bien que ces ouvrages en sol renforcé soient très robustes et performants, il arrive qu'à l'usage, on se rende compte qu'il est nécessaire d'opérer des modifications de l'ouvrage. Stabilization elements placed in the embankment are usually joined to the facing with the help of mechanical connection members that can take various forms. Once the work is completed, the stabilization elements distributed in the embankment transmit high loads, up to several tons. Their connection to the facing must be robust to maintain the cohesion of the whole. Although these structures in reinforced soil are very robust and powerful, it happens that in use, one realizes that it is necessary to make modifications of the structure.
Par exemple, un ouvrage destiné à soutenir initialement quatre voies de circulation peut avoir besoin d'être modifié afin de permettre la mise en place de six voies de circulation.  For example, a structure initially supporting four traffic lanes may need to be modified to accommodate six lanes.
Il peut également arriver qu'avec le temps, le parement se dégrade, par exemple en raison d'une utilisation de l'ouvrage non-prévue initialement ou encore en raison d'un défaut dans la fabrication du parement.  It may also happen that over time, the siding deteriorates, for example due to a use of the work not originally planned or due to a defect in the manufacture of the siding.
Les éléments de parement en béton peuvent souffrir de pathologies du béton. Parmi les pathologies du béton connues de l'homme du métier qui peuvent conduire à un gonflement des éléments de parement, on peut citer par exemple des réactions alcalines se produisant au sein du béton ou des réactions sulfatiques internes.  Concrete facing elements can suffer from concrete pathologies. Among the concrete pathologies known to those skilled in the art which may lead to swelling of the facing elements include, for example, alkaline reactions occurring within the concrete or internal sulphate reactions.
Le gonflement interne des cristaux peut conduire à la fissuration puis à la fragmentation progressive du béton composant le parement. Ce gonflement peut prendre place sur plusieurs mois ou plusieurs années. Cependant, il n'est pas détectable au moment de la construction de l'ouvrage et ce gonflement peut également être accéléré par des conditions climatiques défavorables.  The internal swelling of the crystals can lead to the cracking then to the progressive fragmentation of the concrete composing the facing. This swelling can take place over several months or years. However, it is not detectable at the time of construction of the structure and this swelling can also be accelerated by adverse weather conditions.
Les éléments de parement d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé jouent un rôle important dans la stabilisation de l'ouvrage. De plus, ces éléments de parement jouent également un rôle architectonique .  Facing elements of a structure in reinforced soil play an important role in the stabilization of the structure. In addition, these facing elements also play an architectonic role.
En cas de pathologies irrémédiables ou de dégradations des éléments de parement, il s'avère parfois nécessaire de restituer le rôle mécanique du parement en procédant à une réparation . Actuellement, les solutions de réparation consistent essentiellement à remplacer des éléments de parement endommagés ou dégradés. In case of irremediable pathologies or degradations of the facing elements, it sometimes proves necessary to restore the mechanical role of the facing by carrying out a repair. Currently, repair solutions consist essentially of replacing damaged or degraded siding elements.
Les procédés actuellement connus de l'homme du métier comprennent généralement les étapes suivantes :  The methods currently known to those skilled in the art generally comprise the following steps:
- on stabilise le remblai par injection d'un béton à l'arrière de l'élément de parement,  the embankment is stabilized by injection of a concrete at the rear of the facing element,
- on prédécoupe l'élément de parement,  - the precut element is precut,
- on le retire fragment par fragment et  - it is removed fragment by fragment and
- on coule en place un nouvel élément de parement ou on remplace l'ancien élément de parement par un élément préfabriqué .  a new facing element is cast in place or the old facing element is replaced by a prefabricated element.
Le remplacement des éléments de parement un à un est un processus long, minutieux et qui présente des risques. En particulier, pour les ouvrages de grande taille, il est nécessaire de réaliser une stabilisation préliminaire par exemple par injection de coulis ou de résine dans le matériau de remblai à l'arrière des éléments de parement. En effet, il existe un risque d'éboulement ou d'érosion lors de l'opération de retrait de l'élément de parement.  The replacement of facing elements one by one is a long, painstaking and risky process. In particular, for large structures, it is necessary to perform a preliminary stabilization for example by grouting or resin injection into the backfill material at the back of the facing elements. Indeed, there is a risk of landslide or erosion during the removal operation of the facing element.
Ainsi, il existe un besoin pour un procédé permettant de réparer et/ou de modifier un ouvrage en sol renforcé qui ne présente pas les inconvénients des procédés selon l'art antérieur .  Thus, there is a need for a method for repairing and / or modifying a reinforced soil structure that does not have the disadvantages of the methods according to the prior art.
L'invention propose ainsi un procédé de modification d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé, ledit ouvrage comprenant:  The invention thus proposes a method of modifying a structure in reinforced soil, said structure comprising:
- un remblai,  - an embankment,
- un premier parement comprenant une face extérieure définissant la face frontale de l'ouvrage, et  a first facing comprising an outer face defining the front face of the structure, and
- au moins un élément de stabilisation connecté au premier parement et s 'étendant dans une zone renforcée du remblai située à l'arrière de la face frontale de 1 ' ouvrage, le procédé de modification comprenant les étapes au cours desquelles : at least one stabilizing element connected to the first facing and extending into a reinforced area of the embankment situated at the rear of the front face of the structure, the modification process comprising the steps in which:
- on dispose un deuxième parement le long de la face extérieure du premier parement,  a second facing is arranged along the outer face of the first facing,
- on déconnecte l'élément de stabilisation du premier parement ,  the stabilization element of the first facing is disconnected,
- on connecte l'élément de stabilisation au deuxième parement .  the stabilization element is connected to the second facing.
Avantageusement, le procédé selon l'invention ne nécessite pas d'opération de retrait des éléments de parement. Ainsi, la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention ne présente pas de risques d'éboulement ou d'érosion de sorte que les opérations sont simplifiées et la sécurité nettement améliorée.  Advantageously, the method according to the invention does not require any removal operation of the facing elements. Thus, the implementation of the method according to the invention does not present risks of landslide or erosion so that the operations are simplified and the security significantly improved.
Un procédé selon l'invention peut en outre comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes considérées individuellement ou selon toutes les combinaisons possibles :  A method according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following optional features considered individually or according to all possible combinations:
- la déconnexion de l'élément de stabilisation du premier parement est réalisée par ouverture à partir de la face extérieure dudit premier parement, par exemple par sciage, percussion ou carottage ;  - The disconnection of the stabilizing element of the first facing is made by opening from the outer face of said first facing, for example by sawing, percussion or coring;
- le procédé comprend en outre une étape où l'on dispose sur la face extérieure du premier parement un joint géotextile ;  - The method further comprises a step where there is disposed on the outer face of the first facing a geotextile seal;
- le procédé comprend en outre une étape où l'on dispose entre les premier et deuxième parements un matériau compressible ;  - The method further comprises a step where there is disposed between the first and second siding a compressible material;
le procédé comprend en outre une étape de mise sous tension mécanique de l'élément de stabilisation après avoir déconnecté l'élément de stabilisation du premier parement ; the method further comprises a step of mechanically tensioning the stabilizing element after disconnecting the stabilizing element from the first facing;
- le procédé comprend en outre une étape de mise en place d'un système de maintien de la tension mécanique de l'élément de stabilisation avant de déconnecter l'élément de stabilisation du premier parement ; the method further comprises a step of setting up a system for maintaining the mechanical tension of the stabilizing element before disconnecting the stabilizing element from the first facing;
- le deuxième parement à sensiblement la même hauteur que le premier parement ;  - the second facing substantially the same height as the first facing;
- le deuxième parement est disposé contre le premier parement ; the second facing is disposed against the first facing;
le deuxième parement est disposé le long de la face extérieure du premier parement de sorte à définir un volume à remblayer, le procédé comprenant en outre une étape au cours de laquelle on apporte du matériau de remblai dans ledit volume ;  the second facing is disposed along the outer face of the first facing so as to define a volume to be backfilled, the method further comprising a step during which bringing backfill material into said volume;
le deuxième parement est disposé le long de la face extérieure du premier parement de sorte à définir un volume à remblayer, le procédé comprenant en outre les étapes au cours desquelles:  the second facing is disposed along the outer face of the first facing so as to define a volume to be backfilled, the method further comprising the steps in which:
o on apporte du matériau de remblai dans ledit volume, et  o embankment material is brought into said volume, and
o on compacte le matériau de remblai placé dans ledit volume ;  compacting the backfill material placed in said volume;
- les premier et deuxième parements comprennent respectivement un premier et un deuxième ensemble d'éléments préfabriqués, les éléments préfabriqués des premier et deuxième ensembles ayant des formes et dimensions sensiblement identiques et les éléments préfabriqués du deuxième ensemble sont disposés selon un agencement sensiblement identique à celui des éléments préfabriqués du premier parement ; et/ou the first and second facings respectively comprise a first and a second set of prefabricated elements, the prefabricated elements of the first and second assemblies having substantially identical shapes and dimensions, and the prefabricated elements of the second set are arranged in a substantially identical arrangement to that prefabricated elements of the first facing; and or
le deuxième parement comprend un treillis auquel on connecte l'élément de stabilisation, le deuxième élément de parement étant ensuite obtenu par béton projeté.  the second facing comprises a mesh to which the stabilizing element is connected, the second facing element being then obtained by shotcrete.
L'invention se rapporte également à un ouvrage en sol renforcé modifié au moyen d'un procédé selon l'invention. L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels : The invention also relates to a reinforced soil structure modified by means of a method according to the invention. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe latérale d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé en cours de construction ;  - Figure 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a reinforced soil structure under construction;
- les figures 2a à 2d illustrent la mise en place d'un deuxième parement au moyen d'un procédé selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,  FIGS. 2a to 2d illustrate the introduction of a second facing by means of a method according to a first embodiment of the invention,
- les figures 3a à 3b illustrent la mise en place d'un deuxième parement au moyen d'un procédé selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,  FIGS. 3a to 3b illustrate the establishment of a second facing by means of a method according to a second embodiment of the invention,
la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe latérale d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé obtenue au moyen d'un procédé selon un troisième mode de réalisation de 1 ' invention .  Figure 4 is a schematic side sectional view of a reinforced soil structure obtained by means of a method according to a third embodiment of one invention.
Pour des raisons de clarté, les différents éléments représentés sur la figure ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle.  For the sake of clarity, the different elements shown in the figure are not necessarily to scale.
La figure 1 illustre un mur de soutènement en sol renforcé. Un remblai compacté 1 dans lequel sont distribués des éléments de stabilisation 2 et délimités sur la face frontale de l'ouvrage par un premier parement 3 constitué en juxtaposant des éléments préfabriqués 4 en forme de panneaux et sur le côté arrière par le terrain 5 contre lequel est dirigé le mur de soutènement.  Figure 1 illustrates a retaining wall on reinforced soil. A compacted embankment 1 in which are distributed stabilizing elements 2 and delimited on the front face of the structure by a first facing 3 formed by juxtaposing prefabricated elements 4 in the form of panels and on the rear side by the ground 5 against which is directed the retaining wall.
Dans l'exemple représenté à la figure 1, les éléments de stabilisation 2 sont des éléments linéaires tels que des armatures en acier laminé ou des bandes géotextiles.  In the example shown in Figure 1, the stabilizing elements 2 are linear elements such as rolled steel reinforcements or geotextile strips.
Les éléments de stabilisation 2 peuvent comprendre des armatures métalliques ou synthétiques par exemple en forme de bandes souples s 'étalant dans des plans horizontaux à l'arrière du premier parement 3. Il peut notamment s'agir de bandes de renforcement à base de fibres de polyester gainées de polyéthylène . The stabilizing elements 2 may comprise metal or synthetic reinforcements for example in the form of flexible strips spreading in planes horizontally at the rear of the first siding 3. It may especially be reinforcing strips based on polyethylene fibers wrapped in polyethylene.
Les éléments de stabilisation 2 sont ancrés à la face arrière des éléments de parement 4 par exemple au moyen de chevilles à expansion, de pattes scellées, de clous ou d'anneaux métalliques ou encore de tout autre moyen d'ancrage connu de l'homme du métier.  The stabilizing elements 2 are anchored to the rear face of the facing elements 4, for example by means of expansion plugs, sealed tabs, metal nails or rings or any other anchoring means known to the man. of career.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le procédé selon l'invention permet de modifier un ouvrage en sol renforcé tel que représenté sur la figure 2a.  According to a first embodiment, the method according to the invention makes it possible to modify a structure in reinforced soil as shown in FIG. 2a.
Le procédé selon l'invention peut permet par exemple d'agrandir l'ouvrage en sol renforcé. Ceci peut présenter un intérêt en particulier si l'ouvrage en sol renforcé supporte une route et qu'il est souhaitable d'élargir cette route .  The method according to the invention can for example enlarge the structure in reinforced soil. This may be of interest especially if the reinforced soil structure supports a road and it is desirable to widen this road.
Cet ouvrage en sol renforcé comprenant un remblai 1, un premier parement 3 comprenant une face extérieure 8 définissant la face frontale de l'ouvrage. Le premier parement étant composé d'un ensemble des premiers éléments de parement 4. L'ouvrage en sol renforcé comprend en outre des premiers éléments de stabilisation 2 connectés aux différents premiers éléments de parement 4 et s 'étendant dans une zone renforcée du remblai 1 située à l'arrière de la face frontale de l'ouvrage.  This reinforced soil structure comprising a backfill 1, a first facing 3 comprising an outer face 8 defining the front face of the structure. The first facing being composed of a set of first facing elements 4. The reinforced soil structure further comprises first stabilizing elements 2 connected to the different first facing elements 4 and extending into a reinforced area of the embankment 1 located at the rear of the front face of the work.
La figure 2a illustre une première étape du procédé selon l'invention. Au cours de cette première étape du procédé, on déconnecte au moins un des éléments de stabilisation 2 connectés de préférence au parement le plus bas. Pour réaliser cette déconnexion, on peut par exemple pratiquer un carottage de l'élément de parement 4 à partir de la face frontale de l'ouvrage à l'endroit où est connecté l'élément de stabilisation. Une fois ce carottage réalisé, il est possible de déconnecter l'élément de stabilisation de l'élément de parement 4. Figure 2a illustrates a first step of the method according to the invention. During this first step of the method, at least one of the stabilizing elements 2 connected preferably to the lowest facing is disconnected. To achieve this disconnection, one can for example practice a coring of the cladding element 4 from the front face of the structure where the stabilizing element is connected. Once this coring realized, it is possible to disconnect the stabilizing element of the cladding element 4.
Selon une variante de l'invention l'élément de stabilisation 4 peut être mis en tension au moyen d'éléments de rappel tels que décrits dans la demande FR0312083.  According to a variant of the invention the stabilizing element 4 can be tensioned by means of return elements as described in the FR0312083 application.
Le procédé selon ce premier mode de réalisation comprend ensuite une étape de mise en place d'un deuxième parement illustrée sur la figure 2b.  The method according to this first embodiment then comprises a step of setting up a second facing illustrated in Figure 2b.
Au cours de cette étape de mise en place d'un deuxième parement, un élément 14 du deuxième parement est disposé le long de la face extérieure du premier parement 4 de sorte à définir un volume à remblayer 16.  During this step of setting up a second facing, an element 14 of the second facing is disposed along the outer face of the first facing 4 so as to define a volume to be backfilled 16.
Le procédé selon ce premier mode de réalisation comprend ensuite une étape de remblaiement illustrée sur la figure 2c.  The method according to this first embodiment then comprises an embankment step illustrated in FIG. 2c.
Au cours de cette étape de remblaiement, du matériau de remblai est apporté et compacté progressivement dans le volume 16 défini entre le premier élément de parement 4 et le deuxième élément de parement 14, jusqu'à atteindre le niveau du carottage réalisé dans le premier élément de parement 4.  During this backfilling step, backfill material is brought and compacted progressively in the volume 16 defined between the first facing element 4 and the second facing element 14, until reaching the level of the coring made in the first element facing 4.
Parmi les matériaux pouvant être utilisés comme matériau de remblai on peut citer les sols naturels, les sols traités ou stabilisés à la chaux ou au liant hydraulique, les matériaux de recyclage comme par exemple les bétons recyclés, les fraisats routiers, certains résidus de combustion industrielle ou d'ordures ménagères, etc .  Among the materials that can be used as backfill material are natural soils, soils treated or stabilized with lime or hydraulic binder, recycling materials such as recycled concrete, road mills, some industrial combustion residues. or garbage, etc.
Le procédé comprend ensuite une étape de mise en place d'un deuxième élément de stabilisation illustrée sur la figure 2d. Au cours de cette étape de mise en place d'un deuxième élément de stabilisation, on dispose un élément de stabilisation 12 sur le remblai préalablement apporté et compacté. Ce deuxième élément de stabilisation 12 est connecté au premier élément de stabilisation 2, de sorte à former un nouvel élément de stabilisation comprenant le premier élément de stabilisation 2 et le deuxième élément de stabilisation 12 connectés entre eux. The method then comprises a step of setting up a second stabilizing element illustrated in FIG. 2d. During this step of setting up a second stabilizing element, there is a stabilizing element 12 on the embankment previously brought and compacted. This second stabilizing element 12 is connected to the first stabilizing element 2, so as to form a new stabilizing element comprising the first stabilizing element 2 and the second stabilizing element 12 connected to each other.
Le deuxième élément de stabilisation 12 peut être connecté au premier élément de stabilisation 2 par tout moyen de connexion connu de l'homme du métier.  The second stabilizing element 12 may be connected to the first stabilizing element 2 by any connection means known to those skilled in the art.
Du matériau de remblai est ensuite apporté par-dessus le deuxième élément de stabilisation 12 qui vient d'être installé. Ce matériau de remblai est compacté au fur et à mesure de son apport.  Backfill material is then provided over the second stabilizing element 12 which has just been installed. This backfill material is compacted as and when it is added.
Les étapes peuvent être répétées autant que de besoin si plusieurs niveaux d'éléments de stabilisation sont disposés dans l'ouvrage en sol renforcé à modifier.  The steps can be repeated as much as necessary if several levels of stabilizing elements are arranged in the reinforced soil structure to be modified.
Selon une variante de l'invention, il est possible de mettre sous tension le nouvel élément de stabilisation comprenant les premier et deuxième éléments de stabilisation 2 et 12 après avoir connectés les premier et deuxième éléments de stabilisation entre eux. Cette mise sous tension peut se faire par exemple au moyen d'un dispositif de serrage mécanique tel un tendeur.  According to a variant of the invention, it is possible to switch on the new stabilizing element comprising the first and second stabilizing elements 2 and 12 after connecting the first and second stabilizing elements to each other. This power can be done for example by means of a mechanical clamping device such as a tensioner.
Selon une variante préférée de l'invention, le deuxième élément de parement 14 a sensiblement la même forme et dimension que les premiers éléments de parement 4.  According to a preferred variant of the invention, the second facing element 14 has substantially the same shape and dimension as the first facing elements 4.
Avantageusement, la mise en œuvre du procédé s'en trouve simplifiée et cela confère à l'ouvrage en sol renforcé des propriétés de flexibilité sensiblement identiques à celles de l'ouvrage initial. Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, le procédé selon l'invention permet de réparer un ouvrage en sol renforcé sont les éléments de parement se seraient dégradés . Advantageously, the implementation of the method is simplified and this gives the reinforced soil structure flexibility properties substantially identical to those of the original structure. According to a second embodiment, the method according to the invention makes it possible to repair a structure in reinforced soil are the elements of facing would have degraded.
Selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, il est possible de réparer l'ensemble de l'ouvrage en sol renforcé tel qu'illustré sur la figure 3a.  According to this second embodiment of the invention, it is possible to repair the entire structure in reinforced soil as shown in Figure 3a.
Cet ouvrage en sol renforcé comprend un remblai 1, un premier parement 3 comportant une face extérieure 8 définissant la face frontale de l'ouvrage. Le premier parement étant composé d'un ensemble des premiers éléments de parement 4. L'ouvrage en sol renforcé comprend en outre des premiers éléments de stabilisation 2 connectés aux différents premiers éléments de parement 4 et s 'étendant dans une zone renforcée du remblai 1 située à l'arrière de la face frontale de l'ouvrage.  This reinforced soil structure comprises a backfill 1, a first facing 3 having an outer face 8 defining the front face of the structure. The first facing being composed of a set of first facing elements 4. The reinforced soil structure further comprises first stabilizing elements 2 connected to the different first facing elements 4 and extending into a reinforced area of the embankment 1 located at the rear of the front face of the work.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet de réparer l'ouvrage sans avoir besoin de remplacer les éléments de parement 4 un à un, évitant ainsi un processus long, minutieux et risqué.  The method according to the invention makes it possible to repair the structure without the need to replace the facing elements 4 one by one, thus avoiding a long, minute and risky process.
Comme illustré sur la figure 3a, le procédé selon l'invention comprend une première étape au cours de laquelle on déconnecte un premier élément de stabilisation 2 connecté à un premier élément de parement 4, de préférence un des premier éléments de parement situé à la base de l'ouvrage en sol renforcé.  As illustrated in FIG. 3a, the method according to the invention comprises a first step during which a first stabilizing element 2 connected to a first facing element 4, preferably one of the first facing elements located at the base, is disconnected. of the work on reinforced soil.
Cette déconnexion peut être réalisée par exemple par ouverture à partir de la face extérieure du premier élément de parement 4, par exemple par sillage, percussion ou carottage. Suite à cette déconnexion, on vient disposer un deuxième élément de parement 14 le long de la face extérieure du premier élément de parement, de préférence contre le premier élément de parement. Le premier élément de stabilisation 2 est ensuite connecté au deuxième élément de parement 14 comme illustré sur la figure 3b. This disconnection can be achieved for example by opening from the outer face of the first facing element 4, for example by wake, percussion or coring. Following this disconnection, it comes to have a second facing element 14 along the outer face of the first facing element, preferably against the first facing element. The first stabilizing element 2 is then connected to the second facing element 14 as illustrated in FIG. 3b.
Selon une variante de l'invention, l'élément de stabilisation 2 peut être maintenu en tension après l'étape de carottage ou bien mis en tension une fois connecté au deuxième élément de parement 14.  According to a variant of the invention, the stabilizing element 2 can be maintained in tension after the coring step or can be tensioned once connected to the second facing element 14.
Selon une variante de l'invention, le deuxième élément de parement 14 peut être muni de moyens d'ancrage permettant d'ancrer le premier élément de stabilisation 2 au deuxième élément de parement 14 et de moyen de mise sous tension, par exemple un tendeur.  According to a variant of the invention, the second facing member 14 may be provided with anchoring means for anchoring the first stabilizing element 2 to the second facing member 14 and tensioning means, for example a tensioner .
Selon une variante de l'invention, il est possible afin d'éviter d'éventuelles fuites de débris entre les éléments de parement ou de remblai entre les joints, de mettre en place un joint géotextile complet sur la face frontale de l'ouvrage à réparer. Ce joint peut aussi être placé de façon à couvrir les joints entre les éléments du premier parement ; par exemple en collant des lés de joint géotextile sur le premier parement.  According to a variant of the invention, it is possible to avoid possible debris leakage between the facing elements or backfill between the joints, to set up a complete geotextile seal on the front face of the structure to to fix. This seal can also be placed so as to cover the joints between the elements of the first facing; for example by gluing geotextile joint strips on the first facing.
Selon une variante de l'invention, une feuille compressible par exemple en élastomère peut être disposée entre les premiers éléments de parement 4 et les deuxièmes éléments de parement 14. Dans ce cas, une mise en tension des éléments de stabilisation 2 avant leur connexion au deuxième élément de parement 14 est facilitée. Cette variante de l'invention est particulièrement avantageuse lorsque les premiers éléments de parement 4 risquent de continuer à se dégrader dans le temps, en particulier, en gonflant.  According to a variant of the invention, a compressible sheet, for example made of elastomer, may be placed between the first facing elements 4 and the second facing elements 14. In this case, the stabilizing elements 2 are brought into tension before being connected to the second facing element 14 is facilitated. This variant of the invention is particularly advantageous when the first facing elements 4 may continue to degrade over time, in particular, by swelling.
Selon une variante de l'invention, les nouveaux éléments de parement sont sensiblement identiques aux anciens éléments de parement et disposés de manière sensiblement identiques par rapport à ces derniers. Avantageusement, la mise en œuvre du procédé s'en trouve simplifiée et cela confère à l'ouvrage en sol renforcé des propriétés de flexibilité sensiblement identiques à celles de l'ouvrage initial. According to a variant of the invention, the new facing elements are substantially identical to the old facing elements and arranged so substantially identical to these. Advantageously, the implementation of the method is simplified and this gives the reinforced soil structure flexibility properties substantially identical to those of the original structure.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 4, il est envisageable de disposer contre la face frontale 8 de l'ouvrage en sol renforcé un deuxième parement comprenant un treillis 16, par exemple métallique, auquel seront connectés les éléments de stabilisation 2. Le deuxième élément de parement étant ensuite constitué au moyen de procédés de projection de béton sur le treillis auquel auront été préalablement connectés les éléments de stabilisation 2.  According to a third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, it is conceivable to place against the front face 8 of the reinforced soil structure a second facing comprising a lattice 16, for example a metal lattice, to which the stabilizing elements 2 will be connected. The second facing element is then constituted by means of concrete spraying methods on the trellis to which the stabilizing elements 2 have been previously connected.
Des procédés de projection de béton sont bien connus de l'homme du métier.  Concrete spraying methods are well known to those skilled in the art.
L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation décrits et qui doivent être interprétés de façon non limitatives et englobant tous modes équivalents.  The invention is not limited to the embodiments described and which must be interpreted in a non-limiting manner and encompassing all equivalent modes.
En particulier, il est envisageable d'inverser l'ordre de certaines étapes des modes de réalisation particuliers décrits .  In particular, it is conceivable to reverse the order of certain steps of the particular embodiments described.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de modification d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé, ledit ouvrage comprenant : 1. A method of modifying a structure in reinforced soil, said structure comprising:
- un remblai (1),  - an embankment (1),
un premier parement (3) comprenant une face extérieure (8) définissant la face frontale de l'ouvrage, et  a first facing (3) comprising an outer face (8) defining the front face of the structure, and
- au moins un élément de stabilisation (2) connecté au premier parement et s 'étendant dans une zone renforcée du remblai située à l'arrière de la face frontale de 1 ' ouvrage,  at least one stabilizing element (2) connected to the first facing and extending into a reinforced zone of the embankment located at the rear of the front face of the structure,
le procédé de modification comprenant les étapes au cours desquelles : the modification process comprising the steps in which:
- on dispose un deuxième parement (14) le long de la face extérieure du premier parement (3),  a second facing (14) is arranged along the outer face of the first facing (3),
- on déconnecte l'élément de stabilisation (2) du premier parement (3),  the stabilization element (2) is disconnected from the first facing (3),
- on connecte l'élément de stabilisation au deuxième parement .  the stabilization element is connected to the second facing.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la déconnexion de l'élément de stabilisation du premier parement est réalisée par ouverture à partir de la face extérieure dudit premier parement, par exemple par sciage, percussion ou carottage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the disconnection of the stabilizing element of the first facing is made by opening from the outer face of said first facing, for example by sawing, percussion or coring.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, comprenant en outre une étape où l'on dispose sur la face extérieure du premier parement un joint géotextile. 3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, further comprising a step which is arranged on the outer face of the first facing a geotextile seal.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une étape où l'on dispose entre les premier et deuxième parements un matériau compressible . 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a step where it is available between the first and second siding a compressible material.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une étape de mise sous tension mécanique de l'élément de stabilisation après avoir déconnecté l'élément de stabilisation du premier parement. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a step of mechanically tensioning the stabilizing member after disconnecting the stabilizing element from the first facing.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant en outre une étape de mise en place d'un système de maintien de la tension mécanique de l'élément de stabilisation avant de déconnecter l'élément de stabilisation du premier parement. 6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a step of setting up a system for maintaining the mechanical tension of the stabilizing element before disconnecting the stabilizing element of the first cladding. .
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le deuxième parement à sensiblement la même hauteur que le premier parement. 7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second facing substantially the same height as the first facing.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le deuxième parement est disposé contre le premier parement . 8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second facing is disposed against the first facing.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le deuxième parement est disposé le long de la face extérieure du premier parement de sorte à définir un volume à remblayer (16), le procédé comprenant en outre une étape au cours de laquelle on apporte du matériau de remblai dans ledit volume (16) . The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second facing is disposed along the outer face of the first facing so as to define a backfill volume (16), the method further comprising a step of during which we bring the backfill material in said volume (16).
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les premier et deuxième parements comprennent respectivement un premier et un deuxième ensemble d'éléments préfabriqués, les éléments préfabriqués des premier et deuxième ensembles ayant des formes et dimensions sensiblement identiques et les éléments préfabriqués du deuxième ensemble sont disposés selon un agencement sensiblement identique à celui des éléments préfabriqués du premier parement. 10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second facings respectively comprise a first and a second set of prefabricated elements, the prefabricated elements. first and second assemblies having substantially identical shapes and dimensions and the prefabricated elements of the second set are arranged in an arrangement substantially identical to that of the prefabricated elements of the first facing.
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 dans lequel le deuxième parement comprend un treillis auquel on connecte l'élément de stabilisation, le deuxième élément de parement étant ensuite obtenu par béton projeté. 11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the second facing comprises a mesh which is connected to the stabilizing element, the second facing element is then obtained by shotcrete.
EP11815532.4A 2010-12-23 2011-12-22 Method of reshaping a reinforced soil structure Active EP2655750B1 (en)

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FR1061210A FR2969673B1 (en) 2010-12-23 2010-12-23 METHOD FOR MODIFYING A WORK IN REINFORCED SOIL
PCT/FR2011/053166 WO2012085486A1 (en) 2010-12-23 2011-12-22 Method for modifying a structure with a reinforced floor

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EP2655750B1 (en) 2014-07-30
ZA201304567B (en) 2014-09-25
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US8845237B2 (en) 2014-09-30
FR2969673A1 (en) 2012-06-29
JP2014503721A (en) 2014-02-13
JP5932833B2 (en) 2016-06-08
WO2012085486A1 (en) 2012-06-28
ES2516215T3 (en) 2014-10-30
CA2822414C (en) 2019-02-12
AU2011346953B2 (en) 2017-02-02
MY168679A (en) 2018-11-29
MX2013007239A (en) 2013-08-15
AU2011346953A1 (en) 2013-07-11
US20130294846A1 (en) 2013-11-07
IN2013MN01194A (en) 2015-06-05
CA2822414A1 (en) 2012-06-28

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