EP2635785B1 - Fuel injection system and method for filling and/or venting a fuel injection system - Google Patents

Fuel injection system and method for filling and/or venting a fuel injection system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2635785B1
EP2635785B1 EP11761060.0A EP11761060A EP2635785B1 EP 2635785 B1 EP2635785 B1 EP 2635785B1 EP 11761060 A EP11761060 A EP 11761060A EP 2635785 B1 EP2635785 B1 EP 2635785B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
pump
valve
injection system
fuel injection
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EP11761060.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2635785A1 (en
Inventor
Achim Koehler
Joerg Wuerz
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/447—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston means specially adapted to limit fuel delivery or to supply excess of fuel temporarily, e.g. for starting of the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D33/00—Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D33/003—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge
    • F02D33/006—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge depending on engine operating conditions, e.g. start, stop or ambient conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3082—Control of electrical fuel pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/08—Feeding by means of driven pumps electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46—Valves
    • F02M59/462—Delivery valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46—Valves
    • F02M59/464—Inlet valves of the check valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/60—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for facilitating the starting of engines, e.g. with valves or fuel passages for keeping residual pressure in common rails

Definitions

  • Fig. 1a and 1b schematically illustrated fuel injection system comprises an electric fuel pump as a prefeed pump 1 and a high pressure pump 2 for pressurizing the fuel with high pressure.
  • the high-pressure pump 2 has at least one pump element with an element space 6, which is delimited by a pump piston 7.
  • the fuel passes via an inlet valve 3 into the element space 6.
  • the high-pressure fuel is supplied to a high-pressure accumulator 5 via an outlet valve 4.
  • the diagrams of Fig. 5 and 6 each show the pressure curve in the element space 6 and in the high-pressure accumulator 5 as a function of Vor fundamentaldruck the prefeed pump 1 at a first start or restart after Tankleerfahrt, the diagram of Figure 5 the arrangement of Fig. 3 and the diagram of Fig. 6 the arrangement of Fig. 4 underlying.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem sowie einem Verfahren zur Befüllung und/oder Entlüftung eines Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention is based on a fuel injection system and a method for filling and / or venting a fuel injection system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein solches Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist durch die DE 195 39 883 A1 bekannt. Dieses Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist ein Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem, das eine Vorförderpumpe und eine Hochdruckpumpe umfasst, wobei die Hochdruckpumpe der Beaufschlagung des Kraftstoffs mit Hochdruck dient. Die Hochdruckpumpe weist wenigstens ein Pumpenelement mit einem als Einlassventil dienenden ersten Ventil und einem als Auslassventil dienenden zweiten Ventil auf. Die Vorförderpumpe ist eine Elektrokraftstoffpumpe. An die Hochdruckpumpe ist ein Hochdruckspeicher in Form einer gemeinsamen Speicherleitung angeschlossen, in dem ein Druckregelventil aufgenommen ist. Um eine Befüllung und/oder Entlüftung des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems zu ermöglichen ist bei dem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem eine die Hochdruckpumpe umgehende Bypassverbindung der Vorförderpumpe mit dem Hochdruckspeicher vorgesehen, in der eine Durchlasseinrichtung in Form eines Rückschlagventils angeordnet ist. Durch die zusätzliche Bypassverbindung und das in dieser angeordnete Rückschlagventil weist das bekannte Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einen aufwendigen Aufbau auf und erfordert hohe Herstellungskosten.Such a fuel injection system is characterized by DE 195 39 883 A1 known. This fuel injection system is a common rail injection system, which includes a prefeed pump and a high pressure pump, wherein the high pressure pump is used to pressurize the fuel. The high-pressure pump has at least one pump element with a first valve serving as an inlet valve and a second valve serving as an outlet valve. The prefeed pump is an electric fuel pump. To the high pressure pump, a high-pressure accumulator in the form of a common storage line is connected, in which a pressure control valve is received. In order to enable filling and / or venting of the fuel injection system in the fuel injection system, a bypass connection of the pre-feed pump to the high-pressure accumulator is provided, in which a passage means in the form of a check valve is arranged. Due to the additional bypass connection and arranged in this check valve, the known fuel injection system has a complex structure and requires high production costs.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass eine Befüllung und/oder Entlüftung über das Einlassventil und Auslassventil durch das Pumpenelement ermöglicht ist und somit kein zusätzlicher Aufwand erforderlich ist und das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann. Durch die geringen Öffnungsdrücke des Einlassventils und des Auslassventils kann das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit dem von der Vorförderpumpe erzeugten Vorförderdruck befüllt und/oder entlüftet werden.The fuel injection system according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a filling and / or venting through the inlet valve and exhaust valve is made possible by the pump element and thus no additional effort is required and the fuel injection system can be produced inexpensively. Due to the low opening pressures of the intake valve and the exhaust valve can the fuel injection system is filled with the Vorförderdruck generated by the prefeed pump and / or vented.

Die Entlüftung erfolgt demnach über die Hochdruckpumpe, das heißt über den Hochdruckbereich, so dass eine Entlüftung des gesamten Systems erzielbar ist. Demzufolge ist sichergestellt, dass der Elementraum eines Pumpenelementes der Hochdruckpumpe vollständig befüllt bzw. wiederbefüllt wird, da die Entlüftung des Elementraumes durch das Öffnen des Auslassventils gewährleistet ist. Denn eine Entlüftung über das Spiel zwischen Pumpenkolben und Führungsbohrung des Pumpenelementes ist aufgrund des reduzierten Spiels moderner Hochdruckpumpen nicht mehr ohne Weiteres möglich. Das reduzierte Spiel bewirkt, dass die eingeschlossene Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam aus dem Elementraum entweichen kann. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist der Vorförderdruck jedoch derart hoch gewählt, dass der Summenöffnungsdruck der Ventile der Hochdruckpumpe überwunden wird, so dass der Hochdruckpfad zur Entlüftung freigegeben wird. Ferner ist sichergestellt, dass sich im Hochdruckbereich befindende Partikel, welche die Ventile zum Klemmen bringen und damit einen Nichtstart bewirken könnten, ausgespült werden. Somit ist auch ein Wiederstart nach einer Kontaminierung gewährleistet.The venting therefore takes place via the high-pressure pump, that is to say via the high-pressure region, so that venting of the entire system can be achieved. Accordingly, it is ensured that the element space of a pump element of the high-pressure pump is completely filled or refilled, since the venting of the element space is ensured by the opening of the exhaust valve. Because a vent on the game between the pump piston and guide bore of the pump element is no longer readily possible due to the reduced game modern high-pressure pumps. The reduced clearance causes the trapped air can not or only very slowly escape from the element space. In the fuel injection system according to the invention, however, the prefeed pressure is set so high that the sum of the opening pressure of the valves of the high pressure pump is overcome, so that the high pressure path is released for venting. It is also ensured that particles located in the high-pressure region, which cause the valves to jam and thus cause a non-start, are flushed out. Thus, a restart after contamination is guaranteed.

Eine schnelle Befüllung bei Erststart im Fahrzeugwerk oder bei Wiederstart setzt zunächst eine vollständige Entlüftung des Systems voraus. Denn im System vorhandene Luft wirkt aufgrund ihrer Kompressibilität einem schnellen Druckaufbau im Hochdruckspeicher entgegen. Die vollständige Entlüftung ist durch die Verwendung der Elektrokraftstoffpumpe als Vorförderpumpe und den Vorförderdruck der Vorförderpumpe sichergestellt, der erfindungsgemäß zumindest gleich dem Summenöffnungsdruck der Ventile der Hochdruckpumpe ist.A quick filling at first start in the vehicle plant or at restart requires first a complete ventilation of the system. Due to its compressibility, existing air in the system counteracts rapid pressure build-up in the high-pressure accumulator. The complete venting is ensured by the use of the electric fuel pump as a prefeed pump and the prefeed pressure of the prefeed pump, which according to the invention is at least equal to the sum of the opening pressure of the valves of the high-pressure pump.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der mittels der Vorförderpumpe erzielbare Vorförderdruck 4-6bar, beispielsweise 5bar.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the prefetching pressure achievable by means of the prefeed pump is 4-6bar, for example 5bar.

Vorteilhafterweise ist bzw. sind das Einlassventil und/oder das Auslassventil als Rückschlagventil ausgebildet. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass mit Hochdruck beaufschlagter Kraftstoff über das Einlassventil zurück in den Niederdruckbereich und/oder über das Auslassventil aus dem Hochdruckspeicher zurück in den Elementraum des Pumpenelementes strömen kann.Advantageously, the inlet valve and / or the outlet valve is / are designed as a check valve. This prevents high-pressure fuel from flowing back into the element chamber of the pump element via the inlet valve into the low-pressure region and / or via the outlet valve from the high-pressure reservoir.

An die Hochdruckpumpe ist bevorzugt ein Hochdruckspeicher, vorzugsweise in Form einer gemeinsamen Speicherleitung, angeschlossen, in welchem ein Druckregelventil aufgenommen ist. Das Druckventil ist zumindest zeitweise während der Befüllung und/oder Entlüftung geschlossen, um einen Druckaufbau im Elementraum und folglich im Hochdruckspeicher zu ermöglichen.To the high pressure pump is preferably a high-pressure accumulator, preferably in the form of a common storage line, connected, in which a pressure control valve is received. The pressure valve is at least temporarily closed during filling and / or venting to allow a pressure build-up in the element space and consequently in the high-pressure accumulator.

Des Weiteren wird ein Verfahren zur Befüllung und/oder Entlüftung eines vorstehend beschriebenen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems bei Erststart im Fahrzeugwerk oder bei Wiederstart nach Tankleerfahrt vorgeschlagen, bei welchem erfindungsgemäß mittels der Vorförderpumpe ein Vorförderdruck eingestellt wird, der größer als der Summenöffnungsdruck der beiden Ventile der Hochdruckpumpe ist. Der Vorförderdruck der Vorförderpumpe vermag somit den Öffnungsdruck der Ventile zu überwinden und die im System vorhandene Luft über den Hochdruckbereich abzuführen. Dadurch können eine optimierte Entlüftung der Hochdruckpumpe im Stillstand sowie ein schneller Druckaufbau im Hochdruckspeicher bzw. ein schneller Motorstart bewirkt werden. Ferner können etwaige vorhandene, die Startfähigkeit gefährdende Partikel aus dem Hochdruckbereich ausgespült werden.Furthermore, a method for filling and / or venting of a fuel injection system as described above at first start in the vehicle plant or at restart after tank idling is proposed, in which according to the invention by means of the prefeed pump Vorförderdruck is set, which is greater than the sum of the opening pressure of the two valves of the high-pressure pump. The prefeed pressure of the prefeed pump can thus overcome the opening pressure of the valves and remove the air present in the system via the high-pressure area. As a result, an optimized venting of the high-pressure pump at standstill and a rapid pressure build-up in the high pressure accumulator or a fast engine start can be effected. Furthermore, any existing, the starting ability hazardous particles can be flushed out of the high pressure area.

Bevorzugt ist während einer ersten Phase der Befüllung und/oder Entlüftung ein in einem Hochdruckspeicher angeordnetes Druckregelventil geschlossen. Das geschlossene Druckregelventil ermöglicht einen schnellen Druckaufbau. Die Dauer der ersten Phase der Befüllung bzw. Entlüftung entspricht dabei einer Vorbefüllungs- und/oder Vorentlüftungszeit bei stehendem Motor. Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich diese über einen Zeitraum von 10 bis 15 Sekunden.Preferably, during a first phase of filling and / or venting, a pressure regulating valve arranged in a high-pressure accumulator is closed. The closed pressure control valve allows a quick pressure build-up. The duration of the first phase of the filling or venting corresponds to a Vorbefüllungs- and / or pre-venting time with the engine stopped. Preferably, this extends over a period of 10 to 15 seconds.

Weiterhin bevorzugt wird das Verfahren bei einer leicht gekippten Anbaulage der Hochdruckpumpe durchgeführt. Als vorteilhaft in Bezug auf eine kurze Befüllungs- bzw. Entlüftungszeit hat sich anhand von Versuchen eine Anbaulage erwiesen, bei welcher eine Zumesseinheit der Hochdruckpumpe in einem Winkel von 70° aus der Senkrechten heraus gekippt ist.Further preferably, the method is performed at a slightly tilted mounting position of the high-pressure pump. It has proved to be advantageous with respect to a short filling or venting time on the basis of experiments an attachment position in which a metering unit of the high-pressure pump is tilted out of the vertical at an angle of 70 °.

Des Weiteren hat sich im Rahmen der Versuche herausgestellt, dass der Öffnungsduck des Auslassventils möglichst niedrig gewählt werden sollte. Bei den Versuchen wurde zunächst eine Vorbefüllung bzw. eine Vorentlüftung mittels der Vorförderpumpe bei geschlossenem Druckregelventil durchgeführt. Nach Beendigung der Füll- bzw. Entlüftungsphase, wurde die Hochdruckpumpe gestartet, was bereits kurze Zeit später den Druckaufbau im Hochdruckspeicher zur Folge hatte. Die optimale Vorbefüllungszeit bei stehendem Motor beträgt 10 Sekunden. Die Vorentlüftungszeit kann geringfügig länger gewählt werden. Die Gesamtentlüftungszeit wird dadurch nicht negativ beeinflusst.Furthermore, it has been found in the experiments that the opening duck of the exhaust valve should be as low as possible. In the tests, a pre-filling or a pre-bleeding was first carried out by means of the prefeed pump with a closed pressure control valve. After completion of the filling or venting phase, the high-pressure pump was started, which had a short time later, the pressure build-up in the high-pressure accumulator result. The optimum pre-filling time with the engine stopped is 10 seconds. The pre-bleed time can be slightly longer. The total venting time is not adversely affected.

Während der Entlüftung sammelt sich die Luft zunächst in den oben liegenden Bereichen der Hochdruckpumpe, insoweit hat auch die Anbaulage der Hochdruckpumpe Einfluss auf die Füll- bzw. Startzeit. Der zugeführte Kraftstoff beginnt sich mit der Luft zu vermengen, es kommt zur Schaumbildung im Rücklauf der Hochdruckpumpe, über welchen der Abtransport der Luft erfolgt. Mit fortschreitender Entlüftung nimmt die Schaumbildung im Pumpenrücklauf ab, bis die Hochdruckpumpe vollständig entlüftet ist. Der Druckaufbau im Hochdruckspeicher konnte bei einer 70° Anbaulage der Hochdruckpumpe, einem Vorförderdruck von etwa 4bar und einem Öffnungsdruck des Auslassventils von 1,2bar bereits nach 15 Sekunden bewirkt werden.During the venting, the air initially accumulates in the upper areas of the high-pressure pump, so far, the mounting position of the high-pressure pump has an influence on the filling or starting time. The supplied fuel begins to mix with the air, it comes to foam in the return of the high-pressure pump, via which the removal of the air takes place. As venting progresses, foaming in the pump return decreases until the high pressure pump is fully vented. The pressure build-up in the high-pressure accumulator could be effected after only 15 seconds at a 70 ° installation position of the high-pressure pump, a prefeed pressure of about 4 bar and an opening pressure of the outlet valve of 1.2 bar.

Spätestens nach erfolgtem Druckaufbau im Hochdruckspeicher wird das im Hochdruckspeicher angeordnete Druckregelventil wieder geöffnet.At the latest after the pressure has built up in the high-pressure accumulator, the pressure regulating valve arranged in the high-pressure accumulator is opened again.

Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem sowie das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Diese zeigen:

Fig. 1a, b
jeweils eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems,
Fig. 2a, b
jeweils eine Hochdruckpumpe eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems in unterschiedlicher Anbaulage,
Fig. 3 bis 6
jeweils ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der Druckverläufe und der Hochdruckpumpen-Drehzahl während einer Befüllung und/oder Entlüftung des Systems.
The fuel injection system according to the invention and the method according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:
Fig. 1a, b
each a schematic representation of a fuel injection system according to the invention,
Fig. 2a, b
in each case a high-pressure pump of a fuel injection system according to the invention in a different mounting position,
Fig. 3 to 6
in each case a diagram for illustrating the pressure curves and the high-pressure pump speed during a filling and / or venting of the system.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDetailed description of the drawings

Das in den Fig. 1a und 1b schematisch dargestellte Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem umfasst jeweils eine Elektrokraftstoffpumpe als Vorförderpumpe 1 und eine Hochdruckpumpe 2 zur Beaufschlagung des Kraftstoffs mit Hochdruck. Hierzu weist die Hochdruckpumpe 2 wenigstens ein Pumpenelement mit einem Elementraum 6 auf, der von einem Pumpenkolben 7 begrenzt wird. In den Elementraum 6 gelangt der Kraftstoff über ein Einlassventil 3. Über ein Auslassventil 4 wird der mit Hochdruck beaufschlagte Kraftstoff einem Hochdruckspeicher 5 zugeführt.That in the Fig. 1a and 1b schematically illustrated fuel injection system comprises an electric fuel pump as a prefeed pump 1 and a high pressure pump 2 for pressurizing the fuel with high pressure. For this purpose, the high-pressure pump 2 has at least one pump element with an element space 6, which is delimited by a pump piston 7. The fuel passes via an inlet valve 3 into the element space 6. The high-pressure fuel is supplied to a high-pressure accumulator 5 via an outlet valve 4.

Bei einem Erststart oder bei einem Wiederstart nach Tankleerfahrt ist der Elementraum 6 luftgefüllt. Zur Befüllung mit Kraftstoff muss demnach der Elementraum 6 zunächst entlüftet werden. Die Entlüftung kann einerseits über das Auslassventil 4, andererseits über das Spiel zwischen dem Pumpenkolben 7 und einer den Pumpenkolben 6 aufnehmenden Führungsbohrung 9 erfolgen, soll die Anordnung eines zusätzlichen Entlüftungsventils umgangen werden. Bei modernen Hochdruckpumpen 2 ist das Spiel jedoch derart gering, dass eine wirksame Entlüftung hierüber nicht mehr erzielt werden kann.At a first start or at a restart after Tankleerfahrt the element space 6 is filled with air. For filling with fuel, therefore, the element space 6 must first be vented. The venting can be done on the one hand via the outlet valve 4, on the other hand on the game between the pump piston 7 and the pump piston 6 receiving guide bore 9, the arrangement of an additional vent valve should be bypassed. In modern high-pressure pumps 2, however, the game is so small that an effective venting over this can not be achieved.

Bei dem in der Fig. 1a dargestellten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist der Summenöffnungsdruck der beiden Ventile 3, 4 der Hochdruckpumpe 2 größer als der mittels der Vorförderpumpe 1 bewirkte Vorförderdruck gewählt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass lediglich das Einlassventil 3 öffnet, während das Auslassventil 4 geschlossen bleibt. Eine Teilbefüllung des Elementraums 6 ist aufgrund der Kompressibilität der enthaltenen Luft 10 und ggf. aufgrund einer geringen Entlüftung über das Spiel zwischen dem Pumpenkolben 7 und der Führungsbohrung 9 zwar möglich, es verbleibt jedoch eine Restluft im Elementraum 6. Da das Auslassventil 4 geschlossen bleibt, erfolgt kein Druckaufbau im Hochdruckspeicher 5.In the in the Fig. 1a shown fuel injection system, the sum of the opening pressure of the two valves 3, 4 of the high-pressure pump 2 is greater than the prefeed by the feed pump 1 prefeed selected. As a result, only the inlet valve 3 opens while the outlet valve 4 remains closed. A partial filling of the element space 6 is due to the compressibility of the air contained 10 and possibly due to a small vent on the game between the pump piston 7 and the guide hole 9 Although possible, However, there remains a residual air in the element space 6. Since the exhaust valve 4 remains closed, there is no pressure build-up in the high pressure accumulator. 5

Bei dem in der Fig. 1b dargestellten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist der Summenöffnungsdruck der Ventile 3, 4 der Hochdruckpumpe 2 kleiner dem Vorförderdruck gewählt. Somit öffnet nicht nur das Einlassventil 3, sondern auch das Auslassventil 4, so dass die in dem Elementraum 6 enthaltene Luft 10 vollständig entweichen und der Elementraum 6 mit Kraftstoff befüllt werden kann. Das Öffnen des Auslassventils 4 bewirkt ferner einen Druckaufbau im Hochdruckspeicher 5.In the in the Fig. 1b shown fuel injection system, the sum of the opening pressure of the valves 3, 4 of the high-pressure pump 2 is selected smaller than the prefeed pressure. Thus, not only the intake valve 3 but also the exhaust valve 4 opens, so that the air 10 contained in the element space 6 completely escape and the element space 6 can be filled with fuel. The opening of the exhaust valve 4 also causes a pressure build-up in the high pressure accumulator. 5

Eine schnelle Entlüftung hängt unter anderem von der Anbaulage der Hochdruckpumpe 2 ab. Zwei mögliche Anbaulagen sind in den Fig. 2a und 2b dargestellt. Während die Fig. 2a eine 0° Anbaulage zeigt, wobei sich die Winkelangabe auf die Neigung einer Zumesseinheit 8 der Hochdruckpumpe 2 gegenüber einer Senkrechten bezieht, ist in der Fig. 2b eine 70° Anbaulage dargestellt. Die 70° Anbaulage erweist sich aufgrund der Verteilung der Luft 10 innerhalb der Hochdruckpumpe 2 im Hinblick auf eine schnelle Entlüftung als vorteilhaft.A fast venting depends inter alia on the mounting position of the high-pressure pump 2. Two possible cultivation locations are in the Fig. 2a and 2b shown. While the Fig. 2a shows a 0 ° mounting position, wherein the angle refers to the inclination of a metering unit 8 of the high pressure pump 2 with respect to a vertical, is in the Fig. 2b a 70 ° mounting position shown. The 70 ° mounting position proves to be advantageous due to the distribution of the air 10 within the high-pressure pump 2 with a view to rapid venting.

Weitere Voraussetzungen für eine schnelle Befüllung bzw. Entlüftung der Hochdruckpumpe 2 lassen sich anhand der Diagramme der Fig. 3 bis 6 erläutern. Die Diagramme zeigen jeweils den Druckverlauf im Elementraum 6 (p_Kolbenraum) sowie im Hochdruckspeicher 5 (p_Rail) in Abhängigkeit vom Vorförderdruck der Vorförderpumpe 1 (p_EKP). Ferner ist die Drehzahl der Hochdruckpumpe 2 den Diagrammen entnehmbar (n_HDP).Further requirements for a rapid filling or venting of the high-pressure pump 2 can be seen from the diagrams of Fig. 3 to 6 explain. The diagrams each show the pressure curve in the element space 6 (p_chamber space) and in the high-pressure reservoir 5 (p_Rail) as a function of the pre-feed pressure of the prefeed pump 1 (p_EKP). Furthermore, the speed of the high-pressure pump 2 can be taken from the diagrams (n_HDP).

Bei der dem Diagramm der Fig. 3 zugrunde liegenden Anordnung ist zur Vorentlüftung der Hochdruckpumpe 2 der Vorförderdruck der Vorförderpumpe 1 auf 5bar eingestellt. Der Öffnungsdruck des Einlassventils 3 beträgt 2bar und der Öffnungsdruck des Auslassventils 4 beträgt 4bar. Der Summenöffnungsdruck der Ventile 3, 4 ist somit größer als der Vorförderdruck. Dies hat zur Folge, dass das Auslassventil 4 nicht öffnet und keine wirksame Entlüftung der Hochdruckpumpe 2 erfolgt. Zwar kann der Öffnungsdruck des Einlassventils 3 überwunden werden, so dass sich im Kolben- bzw. Elementraum 6 ein geringer Druck aufbaut, dieser bleibt jedoch unterhalb des Öffnungsdrucks des Auslassventils 4.When the diagram of Fig. 3 Underlying arrangement is set for pre-venting of the high-pressure pump 2, the prefeed pressure of the prefeed pump 1 to 5bar. The opening pressure of the intake valve 3 is 2bar and the opening pressure of the exhaust valve 4 is 4bar. The sum opening pressure of the valves 3, 4 is thus greater than the prefeed pressure. This has the consequence that the exhaust valve 4 does not open and no effective venting of the high pressure pump 2 takes place. Although the opening pressure of the inlet valve 3 can be overcome, so that a low pressure builds up in the piston or element space 6, this, however, remains below the opening pressure of the outlet valve 4.

Bei der dem Diagramm der Fig. 4 zugrunde liegenden Anordnung ist der Vorförderdruck wiederum auf 5bar eingestellt. Der Öffnungsdruck des Einlassventils 3 beträgt jedoch nur 1 bar und der des Auslassventils 4 3bar. Der Summenöffnungsdruck der Ventile 3, 4 ist somit kleiner als der Vorförderdruck. Im Unterschied zur vorhergehenden Anordnung öffnet das Auslassventil 4, so dass im Hochdruckspeicher 5 Druck aufgebaut werden kann (p_Rail). Dabei wird die Hochdruckpumpe 2 entlüftet.When the diagram of Fig. 4 Underlying arrangement, the prefeed pressure is again set to 5bar. However, the opening pressure of the intake valve 3 is only 1 bar and that of the exhaust valve 4 3bar. The sum opening pressure of the valves 3, 4 is thus smaller than the prefeed pressure. In contrast to the previous arrangement opens the exhaust valve 4, so that in the high pressure accumulator 5 pressure can be built up (p_Rail). The high pressure pump 2 is vented.

Die Diagramme der Fig. 5 und 6 zeigen jeweils den Druckverlauf im Elementraum 6 und im Hochdruckspeicher 5 in Abhängigkeit vom Vorförderdruck der Vorförderpumpe 1 bei einem Erststart bzw. Wiederstart nach Tankleerfahrt, wobei dem Diagramm der Fig.5 die Anordnung der Fig. 3 und dem Diagramm der Fig. 6 die Anordnung der Fig. 4 zugrunde liegt. Das heißt, dass bei dem Beispiel der Fig. 5 der Summenöffnungsdruck der beiden Ventile 3, 4 größer als der Vorförderdruck und bei dem Beispiel der Fig. 6 der Summenöffnungsdruck der beiden Ventile 3, 4 kleiner als der Vorförderdruck gewählt ist.The diagrams of Fig. 5 and 6 each show the pressure curve in the element space 6 and in the high-pressure accumulator 5 as a function of Vorförderdruck the prefeed pump 1 at a first start or restart after Tankleerfahrt, the diagram of Figure 5 the arrangement of Fig. 3 and the diagram of Fig. 6 the arrangement of Fig. 4 underlying. This means that in the example of the Fig. 5 the sum of the opening pressure of the two valves 3, 4 greater than the prefeed pressure and in the example of Fig. 6 the sum of the opening pressure of the two valves 3, 4 is selected smaller than the prefeed pressure.

Wie dem Diagramm der Fig. 5 zu entnehmen ist, bewirkt die im Elementraum 6 vorhandene Luft 10, die stark kompressibel ist, dass der Öffnungsdruck des Auslassventils 4 verspätet oder nie erreicht wird. Das heißt, dass der Motor nicht anspringt.Like the diagram of Fig. 5 can be seen, the present in the element space 6 air 10, which is highly compressible, that the opening pressure of the exhaust valve 4 is achieved late or never. This means that the engine does not start.

Bei dem Beispiel der Fig. 6 wird dagegen ein Druck im Elementraum 6 aufgebaut, welcher den Öffnungsdruck des Auslassventils 4 zu überwinden vermag. Das Auslassventil 4 öffnet und es baut sich ein Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 5 auf. Wird der Startfreigabedruck im Hochdruckspeicher 5 erreicht, springt auch der Motor an.In the example of Fig. 6 on the other hand, a pressure is built up in the element space 6, which is able to overcome the opening pressure of the outlet valve 4. The exhaust valve 4 opens and it builds up a pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 5. When the start release pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 5 is reached, the engine also starts.

Claims (7)

  1. Fuel injection system, in particular common rail injection system, having a predelivery pump (1) and a high-pressure pump (2), wherein the high-pressure pump (2) serves for subjecting the fuel to high pressure and comprises at least one pump element with a first valve, which serves as inlet valve (3), and a second valve, which serves as outlet valve (4), wherein the predelivery pump (1) is an electric fuel pump, characterized in that, by means of the predelivery pump (1), a predelivery pressure can be attained which is equal to or higher than the total opening pressure of the inlet valve (3) and of the outlet valve (4), such that fast filling and/or ventilation upon initial starting at the vehicle factory or upon restarting after a tank has been run dry can be effected by means of the predelivery pressure by way of the inlet valve (3) and the outlet valve (4), and in that the opening pressure of the inlet valve (3) and of the outlet valve (4) is 1 to 3 bar, for example 2 bar.
  2. Fuel injection system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the predelivery pressure that can be attained by means of the predelivery pump (1) is 4 to 6 bar, for example 5 bar.
  3. Fuel injection system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inlet valve (3) and/or the outlet valve (4) are/is in the form of (a) check valve(s).
  4. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a high-pressure accumulator (5), preferably in the form of a common accumulator line, is connected to the high-pressure pump (2), and a pressure regulating valve is accommodated in the high-pressure accumulator (5).
  5. Method for filling and/or ventilating a fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims upon initial starting at the vehicle factory or upon restarting after a tank has been run dry, characterized in that, by means of the predelivery pump (1), a predelivery pressure is set which is higher than the total opening pressure of the inlet valve (3) and of the outlet valve (4) of the at least one pump element of the high-pressure pump (2).
  6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that, during a first phase of the filling and/or ventilation, a pressure regulating valve arranged in a high-pressure accumulator (5) connected to the high-pressure pump (2) is closed.
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the pressure regulating valve is opened at the latest after pressure has built up in the high-pressure accumulator (5).
EP11761060.0A 2010-11-03 2011-09-21 Fuel injection system and method for filling and/or venting a fuel injection system Active EP2635785B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102010043255A DE102010043255A1 (en) 2010-11-03 2010-11-03 Fuel injection system and method for filling and / or venting a fuel injection system
PCT/EP2011/066404 WO2012059268A1 (en) 2010-11-03 2011-09-21 Fuel injection system and method for filling and/or venting a fuel injection system

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DE102017208713A1 (en) * 2017-05-23 2018-11-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for venting a fuel supply system
CN109113884B (en) * 2018-08-06 2020-06-02 东风汽车集团有限公司 Starting auxiliary control method based on oil way system exhaust
DE102019219733A1 (en) * 2019-12-16 2021-06-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for venting a fuel supply system
CN112922733B (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-11-15 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 Vehicle first-time exhaust starting control method, device and equipment
CN114607517B (en) * 2022-03-11 2023-03-24 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Oil pump state control method and device, vehicle and storage medium

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CN103189631A (en) 2013-07-03
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CN103189631B (en) 2016-09-14
DE102010043255A1 (en) 2012-05-03

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