EP2627910B1 - Fan comprising fan blades - Google Patents

Fan comprising fan blades Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2627910B1
EP2627910B1 EP11773440.0A EP11773440A EP2627910B1 EP 2627910 B1 EP2627910 B1 EP 2627910B1 EP 11773440 A EP11773440 A EP 11773440A EP 2627910 B1 EP2627910 B1 EP 2627910B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fan
hub
blade
fan blade
region
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP11773440.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2627910A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Aschermann
Ulrich Vollert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2627910A1 publication Critical patent/EP2627910A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F04D29/384—Blades characterised by form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/325—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans
    • F04D29/329—Details of the hub

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fan with fan blades, in particular for radiators of motor vehicles, wherein the fan blades are mounted on a fan hub.
  • a fan with fan blades which has a hub ramp on the pressure side of the fan blades, whereby the flow is stabilized on the pressure side of the fan blades.
  • air guide elements Arranged on the suction-side region of the fan blades are air guide elements which form a flow channel and guide the air in a targeted manner from the hub to the suction side of the fan blade, ie in the region of the cylindrical fan hub or in the region of the hub ramp.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a fan with fan blades, which ensures a reduction of the mass accumulation in the area of the connections of the fan blades, wherein the production box of the fan is reduced and the production time is reduced.
  • each fan blade is angled towards a blade root to the rear, wherein an angled portion of the fan blade is at least partially pulled down on the fan hub.
  • a curvature and / or a radius of the fan blade in a first region of the fan blade extending outwards from the bend are different from a curvature and / or a radius of the second area extending from the bend towards the fan hub, the second area of the fan blade being pulled down onto the fan hub.
  • the second area of the fan blade which is pulled down onto the fan hub, is designed to be angled forward in the direction of rotation on the leading edge.
  • This embodiment improves the flow conditions between the two successive fan blades.
  • the clogging of the fan blade in the area of the fan hub also serves to improve the acoustic properties of the fan.
  • a hub ramp between two fan blades is conical. This hub ramp stabilizes the hub area, which allows a clean and low-loss flow around the blade root in the fan hub.
  • the hub ramp starting from the blade root of a fan blade arranged on the fan hub, is guided directly onto the trailing edge of the following fan blade.
  • the auxiliary ramp forms an integral part of the fan blade, which is particularly advantageous in terms of flow. As a result, the strength of the fan is guaranteed with a low material usage.
  • a stabilizer is arranged on a side of the fan blades facing away from the hub ramp, which stabilizer is formed in particular on the second area of the fan blade in the section of the fan blade that is pulled down onto the fan hub.
  • the stabilizer serves as Flow control and prevents vortex structures in the fan hub.
  • the stabilizer runs on a smaller radius than the hub ramp on the back of the fan blade.
  • the stabilizer is arranged as an injection molded part on the fan blade. The stabilizers in the blade root area of the fan blades on the suction side of the fan blades separate the hub and blade flow and prevent flow separation and harmful vortex formation.
  • the center of gravity of the fan blade preferably the first area of the fan blade, is advanced so far forward to the suction side that a centrifugal force acting on the fan blade and an aerodynamic force generated by a pressure increase approximately compensate each other.
  • This has the advantage that the reaction force of the fan blade resulting from the centrifugal forces lies in the flow direction in front of the fan hub.
  • At least one rib on the pressure side of the fan is arranged radially at the position of the connection of the blade root to the fan hub. This ensures the flow of power from the fan hub to the fan blade.
  • the rib has a curved outer edge, wherein the rib extends from the fan hub to preferably to the hub ramp. This tension-optimized swing of the rib trailing edge reduces the material usage.
  • the at least one rib are arranged next to the actual connection of the fan blade to the fan hub, so that this connection, which is exposed to the highest load by the pressure building up, is relieved.
  • a fan with fan blades which are designed as axial blades, is used in a commercial vehicle, where it is driven by a vehicle engine becomes.
  • the fan is connected to an engine end face either directly on a crankshaft or via a belt or gear output with this.
  • the regulation of the rotation time of the fan is carried out by a clutch which is arranged within a fan hub. Due to this coupling to the vehicle engine, high mechanical loads act on the fan. On the one hand in the form of vibrations of the vehicle engine or by the bending of the crankshaft. On the other hand by the speed.
  • an overspeed of the vehicle engine as a result of a switching error of the clutch is not regulated so fast, so that acts on the fan high speed load.
  • Such a fan 1 is in FIG. 1 and consists of a plurality of fan blades 2, which are arranged around a fan hub 3 and secured thereto with a blade root 15.
  • Each fan blade 2 is divided into two areas 4, 5.
  • the fan blade 2 has a bend 6 between these two areas 4, 5.
  • the second, leading to Lüfternabe, inner region 5 is pulled back away from the first, outwardly projecting portion 4 and rests on the fan hub 3.
  • the first region 4 of the fan blade 2 in this case has a different arc profile than the second region 5 of the fan blade 2, which is pulled down onto the fan hub 3.
  • a smaller radius is set at the first, larger radius of the first area 4 of the fan blade 2, so that the second area 5 of the fan blade 2 forms a different arc than the first area 4 of the fan blade 2.
  • the bumps change the first area 4 and the second area 5 of the fan blade 2.
  • the leading edge 8 of the pulled-down second region 5 of the fan blade 2 in the direction of rotation of the fan 1 is sown forward.
  • the sacculated area of the front edge 8 of the fan blade 2 in the area of the fan hub 3 is identified by the reference numeral 8a. This sickle contributes to an improvement in the acoustics of the fan 1.
  • the momentum of the second region 5 of the fan blade 2 is thereby pulled out of the area of the fan hub 3.
  • FIG. 3 a cutout on the back (pressure side) of the fan 1 is shown, wherein at each fan blade 2, a hub ramp 9 is arranged.
  • This hub ramp 9 is made conical in the area between the fan blade 2 and the subsequent fan blade 2a.
  • the ramp leading edge 13 is rounded and pulled toward the fan hub 3 inwards.
  • the hub ramp 9 is performed starting from the fan hub 3 directly from the previous fan blade 2 on the trailing edge 10 of the following fan blade 2a.
  • the hub ramp 9 and the fan blade 2 form a structural unit and are integrally fused with one another, since the hub ramp 9 extends starting from the connection point of the second region 5 of the fan blade 2.
  • the hub ramp 9 ends at the trailing edge 10 of the next fan blade 2a, approximately halfway up the fan blade 2a. With this configuration, the strength of the fan 1 is ensured at a low material usage.
  • the hub ramp 9 is stabilized by a plurality of ribs 11 relative to the fan hub 3.
  • FIG. 4 a section of the front (storage side) of the fan 1 is shown.
  • a stabilizer 7 is arranged at the front of the fan blade 2.
  • the hub ramp 9, which is located on the back of the fan blade 2, is shown in phantom for this reason.
  • the stabilizer 7 is approximately perpendicular to the fan blade 2 and protrudes out of this, whereby the flow is stabilized.
  • the stabilizer 7 serves as a flow guide to prevent vortex structures in the area of the fan hub 3 in their propagation.
  • the stabilizer 7 begins on the fan blade 2 in the pulled-down area 5 (second area 5 of the fan blade 2) and ends at the leading edge 8 of the fan blade 2. Opposite the fan hub 3, the stabilizer 7 has a smaller radius than the hub ramp. 9
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the back of the fan 1, on which radially extending ribs 11 are arranged, which serve to stiffen the fan 1.
  • at least three ribs 11 are provided on each fan blade 2, wherein at least two ribs 11 support the hub ramp 9. These ribs 11 contribute to the fact that the respective fan blades 2 is better relieved when voltage spikes occur. In this case, the power flow is ensured by the fan hub 3 in the fan blade 2 by the ribs 11.
  • the ribs 11 are arranged right and left to the connection 14 of the fan blade 2 to the fan hub 3. As a result, this point, which is the point with the highest load, relieved.
  • the depth of the ribs 11 at the connection 14 to the fan hub 3 and the hub ramp 9 is minimal for reasons of material savings, but deep enough that the stresses in the hub ramp 9 by the centrifugal force which acts on the fan blade 2, not too large.
  • the rib 11 ends about 2 cm in front of the rear edge of the hub ramp 9.
  • the ribs 11 in this case have a curved outer edge 12 and extending in their area starting from the fan hub 3 in the direction of the hub ramp 9. This curved rib shape improves the flow conditions at this point.
  • This centrifugal force F Z counteracts an aerodynamic force F D.
  • This aerodynamic force F D arises on the back (pressure side) of the fan blade 2 by an increase in pressure.
  • the aerodynamic force F D acts on the trailing edge of the fan blade 2 and tries to move the fan blade 2 in the direction of the air conveying direction 17.
  • the fan blade 2 builds up a pressure.
  • the described fan 1 is made of a plastic. Manufacturing technology, the fan 1 is generated with a simple on / off tool without the use of slides, whereby the use of plastic is minimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lüfter mit Lüfterschaufeln, insbesondere für Kühler von Kraftfahrzeugen, wobei die Lüfterschaufeln auf einer Lüfternabe befestigt sind.The invention relates to a fan with fan blades, in particular for radiators of motor vehicles, wherein the fan blades are mounted on a fan hub.

Gemäß der DE 199 29 978 A1 ist ein Lüfter mit Lüfterschaufeln bekannt, welcher eine Nabenrampe auf der Druckseite der Lüfterschaufeln aufweist, wodurch auf der Druckseite der Lüfterschaufeln die Strömung stabilisiert wird. Auf dem saugseitigen Bereich der Lüfterschaufeln sind Luftleitelemente angeordnet, die einen Strömungskanal bilden und die Luft gezielt von der Nabe auf die Saugseite der Lüfterschaufel, d.h. in dem Bereich der zylindrischen Lüfternabe bzw. in dem Bereich der Nabenrampe, führen.According to the DE 199 29 978 A1 a fan with fan blades is known, which has a hub ramp on the pressure side of the fan blades, whereby the flow is stabilized on the pressure side of the fan blades. Arranged on the suction-side region of the fan blades are air guide elements which form a flow channel and guide the air in a targeted manner from the hub to the suction side of the fan blade, ie in the region of the cylindrical fan hub or in the region of the hub ramp.

Aus der EP 1 219 837 B1 ist ein weiterer Lüfter mit Lüfterschaufeln bekannt, bei welchem die Luftleitelemente als flossenartige Stabilisatoren ausgebildet sind. Die außen liegenden Flächen der Stabilisatoren und Flächen von Weiteren, an den Stabilisatoren angeordneten Radialschaufelelementen sind ineinander integriert, so dass eine gemeinsame übergangslos Fläche gebildet wird. Dabei erstreckt sich auch die Nabenrampe, die auf der Druckseite der Lüfterschaufel angeordnet ist, aus dem Schaufelwurzelbereich, von welchem neben dem Radialschaufelelement auch der Stabilisator ausgeht. Eine solche Anordnung hat den Nachteil, dass sich im Bereich der Anbindung der Lüfterschaufel an die Lüfternabe Massenanhäufungen ergeben, welche die Gefahr in sich bergen, dass fertigungsbedingte Lufteinschlüsse beziehungsweise Lunker in diesen Massenanhäufungen eingeschlossen sind. Darüber hinaus wird eine lange Fertigungszeit benötigt, da sehr lange Abkühlzeiten notwendig sind. Gleichzeitig ist ein hoher Materialeinsatz erforderlich.From the EP 1 219 837 B1 Another fan with fan blades is known in which the air guide elements are designed as fin-like stabilizers. The outer surfaces of the stabilizers and surfaces of further, arranged on the stabilizers radial blade elements are integrated with each other, so that a common seamless surface is formed. It also extends the hub ramp on the pressure side the fan blade is arranged, from the blade root area, from which in addition to the radial blade element and the stabilizer emanates. Such an arrangement has the disadvantage that mass accumulations arise in the region of the connection of the fan blade to the fan hub, which involve the risk that production-related air pockets or blowholes are enclosed in these mass accumulations. In addition, a long production time is required because very long cooling times are necessary. At the same time, a high material usage is required.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Lüfter mit Lüfterschaufeln anzugeben, welcher eine Reduzierung der Massenanhäufung im Bereich der Anbindungen der Lüfterschaufeln gewährleistet, wobei die Herstelfungskasten des Lüfters reduziert und die Herstellungszeit verringert wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a fan with fan blades, which ensures a reduction of the mass accumulation in the area of the connections of the fan blades, wherein the production box of the fan is reduced and the production time is reduced.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass jede Lüfterschaufel in Richtung einer Schaufelwurzel nach hinten abgewinkelt ist, wobei ein abgewinkelter Bereich der Lüfterschaufel mindestens teilweise auf die Lüfternabe heruntergezogen ist.According to the invention the object is achieved in that each fan blade is angled towards a blade root to the rear, wherein an angled portion of the fan blade is at least partially pulled down on the fan hub.

Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Massenanhäufungen reduziert werden, wodurch sich die Gefahr von fertigungsbedingten Lufteinschlüssen und Lunkern reduziert und eine verkürzte Fertigungszeit gewährleistet wird. Durch die heruntergezogene Vorderkante der Lüfterschaufel wird bei einem wesentlich geringeren Einsatz an Material die Festigkeit des Lüfters verbessert. Erfindungsgemäß sind eine Wölbung und/oder ein Radius der Lüfterschaufel in einem sich von der Abwinklung nach außen erstreckenden ersten Bereich der Lüfterschaufel verschieden zu einer Wölbung und/oder einem Radius des zweiten, sich von der Abwinklung in Richtung Lüfternabe ausdehnenden Bereich, wobei der zweite Bereich der Lüfterschaufel auf die Lüfternabe heruntergezogen ist. Durch eine solche Anbindung der Lüfterschaufel an die Lüfternabe wird ein sehr homogener und spannungsoptimierter Übergang erreicht.This has the advantage that the mass accumulations are reduced, whereby the risk of production-related air pockets and voids is reduced and a shorter production time is ensured. The pulled down leading edge of the fan blade improves the strength of the fan while significantly reducing the amount of material used. According to the invention, a curvature and / or a radius of the fan blade in a first region of the fan blade extending outwards from the bend are different from a curvature and / or a radius of the second area extending from the bend towards the fan hub, the second area of the fan blade being pulled down onto the fan hub. By such a connection of the fan blade to the fan hub a very homogeneous and voltage-optimized transition is achieved.

In einer Ausgestaltung ist die, auf die Vorderkante des auf die Lüfternabe heruntergezogenen zweiten Bereiches der Lüfterschaufel in Drehrichtung nach vorn gesichelt ausgebildet. Durch diese Ausgestaltung werden die Strömungsbedingungen zwischen den zwei aufeinander folgenden Lüfterschaufeln verbessert. Die Sichelung der Lüfterschaufel im Bereich der Lüfternabe dient auch zur Verbesserung der akustischen Eigenschaften des Lüfters. Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Nabenrampe zwischen zwei Lüfterschaufeln konisch ausgebildet. Diese Nabenrampe stabilisiert den Nabenbereich, wodurch eine saubere und verlustarme Umströmung der Schaufelwurzel im Bereich der Lüfternabe ermöglicht wird.In one embodiment, the second area of the fan blade, which is pulled down onto the fan hub, is designed to be angled forward in the direction of rotation on the leading edge. This embodiment improves the flow conditions between the two successive fan blades. The clogging of the fan blade in the area of the fan hub also serves to improve the acoustic properties of the fan. According to the invention, a hub ramp between two fan blades is conical. This hub ramp stabilizes the hub area, which allows a clean and low-loss flow around the blade root in the fan hub.

In einer Ausgestaltung ist die Nabenrampe ausgehend von der an der Lüfternabe angeordneten Schaufelwurzel einer Lüfterschaufel direkt auf die Hinterkante der nachfolgenden Lüfterschaufel geführt. Bei dieser Gestaltung bildet die Nebenrampe einen integralen Bestandteil der Lüfterschaufel, was strömungstechnisch besonders vorteilhaft ist. Hierdurch wird die Festigkeit des Lüfters bei einem geringen Materialeinsatz gewährleistet.In one embodiment, the hub ramp, starting from the blade root of a fan blade arranged on the fan hub, is guided directly onto the trailing edge of the following fan blade. In this design, the auxiliary ramp forms an integral part of the fan blade, which is particularly advantageous in terms of flow. As a result, the strength of the fan is guaranteed with a low material usage.

In einer Weiterbildung ist auf einer, der Nabenrampe abgewandten Seite der Lüfterschaufeln ein Stabilisator angeordnet, welcher insbesondere auf dem zweiten Bereich der Lüfterschaufel in dem auf die Lüfternabe heruntergezogenen Abschnitt der Lüfterschaufel ausgebildet ist. Der Stabilisator dient als Strömungsleitelement und unterbindet Wirbelstrukturen im Bereich der Lüfternabe.In a further development, a stabilizer is arranged on a side of the fan blades facing away from the hub ramp, which stabilizer is formed in particular on the second area of the fan blade in the section of the fan blade that is pulled down onto the fan hub. The stabilizer serves as Flow control and prevents vortex structures in the fan hub.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform verläuft der Stabilisator auf einem kleineren Radius als die Nabenrampe auf der Rückseite der Lüfterschaufel. Dabei ist der Stabilisator als Spritzgussteil an der Lüfterschaufel angeordnet. Die Stabilisatoren im Schaufelwurzelbereich der Lüfterschaufeln bewirken auf der Saugseite der Lüfterschaufeln eine Trennung von Naben- und Schaufelströmung und verhindern eine Ablösung der Strömung sowie eine schädliche Wirbelbildung.In another embodiment, the stabilizer runs on a smaller radius than the hub ramp on the back of the fan blade. The stabilizer is arranged as an injection molded part on the fan blade. The stabilizers in the blade root area of the fan blades on the suction side of the fan blades separate the hub and blade flow and prevent flow separation and harmful vortex formation.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Schwerpunkt der Lüfterschaufel, vorzugsweise der erste Bereich der Lüfterschaufel, so weit nach vorn zur Saugseite vorgeschoben, dass sich eine, an der Lüfterschaufel wirkende Zentrifugalkraft und eine, durch eine Druckerhöhung erzeugte aerodynamische Kraft annähernd gegenseitig kompensieren. Das hat den Vorteil, dass die aus den Fliehkräften resultierende Reaktionskraft der Lüfterschaufel in Strömungsrichtung vor der Lüfternabe liegt.Advantageously, the center of gravity of the fan blade, preferably the first area of the fan blade, is advanced so far forward to the suction side that a centrifugal force acting on the fan blade and an aerodynamic force generated by a pressure increase approximately compensate each other. This has the advantage that the reaction force of the fan blade resulting from the centrifugal forces lies in the flow direction in front of the fan hub.

In einer Weiterbildung ist an der Position der Anbindung der Schaufelwurzel an die Lüfternabe mindestens eine Rippe auf der Druckseite des Lüfters radial angeordnet. Dadurch wird der Kraftfluss von der Lüfternabe in die Lüfterschaufel gewährleistet.In a further development, at least one rib on the pressure side of the fan is arranged radially at the position of the connection of the blade root to the fan hub. This ensures the flow of power from the fan hub to the fan blade.

In einer Variante weist die Rippe eine geschwungene Außenkante auf, wobei sich die Rippe von der Lüfternabe bis vorzugsweise zur Nabenrampe erstreckt. Durch diesen spannungsoptimierten Schwung der Rippenhinterkante wird der Materialeinsatz reduziert. Darüber hinaus sind die mindestens eine Rippe neben der eigentlichen Anbindung der Lüfterschaufel an der Lüfternabe angeordnet, so dass diese Anbindung, welche der höchsten Belastung durch den sich aufbauenden Druck ausgesetzt ist, entlastet wird.In a variant, the rib has a curved outer edge, wherein the rib extends from the fan hub to preferably to the hub ramp. This tension-optimized swing of the rib trailing edge reduces the material usage. In addition, the at least one rib are arranged next to the actual connection of the fan blade to the fan hub, so that this connection, which is exposed to the highest load by the pressure building up, is relieved.

Der Erfindung liegen zahlreiche Ausführungsformen zugrunde. Eine davon soll anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Figuren näher erläutert werden.The invention is based on numerous embodiments. One of them will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures shown in the drawing.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1:
perspektivische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Lüfters
Figur 2:
Ausschnitt auf eine Vorderseite des Lüfters gemäß Figur 1
Figur 3:
Ausschnitt auf eine Rückseite des Lüfters gemäß Figur 1
Figur 4:
Darstellung des Stabilisators und einer Rampe an einer Lüfterschaufel
Figur 5:
radial angeordnete Rippen auf der Rückseite des Lüfters
Figur 6:
vergrößerte Darstellung der radial angeordneten Rippen gemäß Figur 5
Figur 7:
Anbindung der Lüfterschaufel an die Lüfternabe
Figur 8:
Prinzipdarstellung der Kräfteverhältnisse, die an der Lüfterschaufel angreifen
It shows:
FIG. 1:
perspective view of an embodiment of a fan according to the invention
FIG. 2:
Section on a front of the fan according to FIG. 1
FIG. 3:
Section on a back of the fan according to FIG. 1
FIG. 4:
Illustration of the stabilizer and a ramp on a fan blade
FIG. 5:
radially arranged ribs on the back of the fan
FIG. 6:
enlarged view of the radially arranged ribs according to FIG. 5
FIG. 7:
Connection of the fan blade to the fan hub
FIG. 8:
Schematic representation of the balance of power acting on the fan blade

Gleiche Merkmale sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.Identical features are identified by the same reference numerals.

Ein Lüfter mit Lüfterschaufeln, welche als Axialschaufeln ausgebildet sind, wird in einem Nutzfahrzeug eingesetzt, wo er von einem Fahrzeugmotor angetrieben wird. Der Lüfter ist dabei an einer Motorstirnfläche entweder direkt auf einer Kurbelwelle oder über einen Riemen- bzw. Zahnradabtrieb mit dieser verbunden. Die Regelung der Drehzeit des Lüfters wird dabei von einer Kupplung vorgenommen, welche innerhalb einer Lüfternabe angeordnet ist. Durch diese Ankopplung an den Fahrzeugmotor wirken hohe mechanische Belastungen auf den Lüfter. Zum einen in Form von Vibrationen des Fahrzeugmotors bzw. durch die Biegung der Kurbelwelle. Zum anderen durch die Drehzahl. So wird beispielsweise eine Überdrehzahl des Fahrzeugmotors infolge eines Schaltfehlers von der Kupplung nicht so schnell ausgeregelt, so dass auf den Lüfter eine hohe Drehzahlbelastung wirkt.A fan with fan blades, which are designed as axial blades, is used in a commercial vehicle, where it is driven by a vehicle engine becomes. The fan is connected to an engine end face either directly on a crankshaft or via a belt or gear output with this. The regulation of the rotation time of the fan is carried out by a clutch which is arranged within a fan hub. Due to this coupling to the vehicle engine, high mechanical loads act on the fan. On the one hand in the form of vibrations of the vehicle engine or by the bending of the crankshaft. On the other hand by the speed. Thus, for example, an overspeed of the vehicle engine as a result of a switching error of the clutch is not regulated so fast, so that acts on the fan high speed load.

Ein solcher Lüfter 1 ist in Figur 1 dargestellt und besteht aus mehreren Lüfterschaufeln 2, welche um eine Lüfternabe 3 angeordnet und an dieser mit einer Schaufelwurzel 15 befestigt sind. Jede Lüfterschaufel 2 unterteilt sich in zwei Bereiche 4, 5. Die Lüfterschaufel 2 weist zwischen diesen beiden Bereichen 4, 5 eine Abwinkelung 6 auf. Der zweite, zur Lüfternabe führende, innen liegende Bereich 5 ist dabei nach hinten weg von dem ersten, nach außen ragenden Bereich 4 gezogen und liegt auf der Lüfternabe 3 auf. Der erste Bereich 4 der Lüfterschaufel 2 weist dabei ein anderes Kreisbogenprofil auf als der zweite Bereich 5 der Lüfterschaufel 2, welcher auf die Lüfternabe 3 heruntergezogen ist. In der Abwinkelung 6 wird an dem ersten, größeren Radius des ersten Bereiches 4 der Lüfterschaufel 2 ein kleinerer Radius angesetzt, so dass der zweite Bereich 5 der Lüfterschaufel 2 einen anderen Kreisbogen bildet als der erste Bereich 4 der Lüfterschaufel 2. Somit ändern sich die Wölbungen des ersten Bereiches 4 und des zweiten Bereiches 5 der Lüfterschaufel 2. Durch diese Abknickung 6 wird eine schaufelartige Form der Lüfterschaufel 2 erreicht. Durch das Herunterziehen des zweiten Bereiches 5 der Lüfterschaufel 2 auf die Lüfternabe 3 wird ein sehr homogener und spannungsoptimierter Übergang zwischen Lüfterschaufel 2 und Lüfternabe 3 erreicht, der gleichzeitig für eine gute Belüftung der Kupplung sorgt, welche nicht weiter dargestellt ist und normalerweise innerhalb der Lüfternabe 3 angeordnet ist.Such a fan 1 is in FIG. 1 and consists of a plurality of fan blades 2, which are arranged around a fan hub 3 and secured thereto with a blade root 15. Each fan blade 2 is divided into two areas 4, 5. The fan blade 2 has a bend 6 between these two areas 4, 5. The second, leading to Lüfternabe, inner region 5 is pulled back away from the first, outwardly projecting portion 4 and rests on the fan hub 3. The first region 4 of the fan blade 2 in this case has a different arc profile than the second region 5 of the fan blade 2, which is pulled down onto the fan hub 3. In the bend 6, a smaller radius is set at the first, larger radius of the first area 4 of the fan blade 2, so that the second area 5 of the fan blade 2 forms a different arc than the first area 4 of the fan blade 2. Thus, the bumps change the first area 4 and the second area 5 of the fan blade 2. By this bend 6, a blade-like shape of the fan blade 2 is achieved. By pulling down the second region 5 of the fan blade 2 on the fan hub 3, a very homogeneous and voltage-optimized transition between fan blade 2 and fan hub 3 is achieved, which at the same time for good ventilation of the clutch provides, which is not shown and is normally disposed within the fan hub 3.

Wie aus der Figur 2 ersichtlich, ist die Vorderkante 8 des heruntergezogenen zweiten Bereiches 5 der Lüfterschaufel 2 in Drehrichtung des Lüfters 1 nach vorn gesichelt. Der gesichelte Bereich der Vorderkante 8 der Lüfterschaufel 2 im Bereich der Lüfternabe 3 ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 8a gekennzeichnet. Diese Sichelung trägt zu einer Verbesserung der Akustik des Lüfters 1 bei. Der Schwung des zweiten Bereiches 5 der Lüfterschaufel 2 wird dabei aus dem Bereich der Lüfternabe 3 herausgezogen.Like from the FIG. 2 it can be seen, the leading edge 8 of the pulled-down second region 5 of the fan blade 2 in the direction of rotation of the fan 1 is sown forward. The sacculated area of the front edge 8 of the fan blade 2 in the area of the fan hub 3 is identified by the reference numeral 8a. This sickle contributes to an improvement in the acoustics of the fan 1. The momentum of the second region 5 of the fan blade 2 is thereby pulled out of the area of the fan hub 3.

In Figur 3 ist ein Ausschnitt auf die Rückseite (Druckseite) des Lüfters 1 dargestellt, wobei an jeder Lüfterschaufel 2 eine Nabenrampe 9 angeordnet ist. Diese Nabenrampe 9 ist im Bereich zwischen der Lüfterschaufel 2 und der nachfolgenden Lüfterschaufel 2a konisch ausgeführt. Die Rampenvorderkante 13 ist verrundet und zur Lüfternabe 3 hin nach innen gezogen. Die Nabenrampe 9 wird ausgehend von der Lüfternabe 3 direkt von der vorhergehenden Lüfterschaufel 2 auf die Hinterkante 10 der nachfolgenden Lüfterschaufel 2a geführt. Dabei bilden die Nabenrampe 9 und die Lüfterschaufel 2 eine Baueinheit und sind integral miteinander verschmolzen, da die Nabenrampe 9 sich ausgehend von der Verbindungsstelle des zweiten Bereiches 5 der Lüfterschaufel 2 erstreckt. Die Nabenrampe 9 endet dabei an der Hinterkante 10 der nächsten Lüfterschaufel 2a, etwa in halber Höhe der Lüfterschaufel 2a. Durch diese Ausgestaltung wird die Festigkeit des Lüfters 1 bei einem geringen Materialeinsatz gewährleistet. Die Nabenrampe 9 wird dabei von mehreren Rippen 11 gegenüber der Lüfternabe 3 stabilisiert.In FIG. 3 a cutout on the back (pressure side) of the fan 1 is shown, wherein at each fan blade 2, a hub ramp 9 is arranged. This hub ramp 9 is made conical in the area between the fan blade 2 and the subsequent fan blade 2a. The ramp leading edge 13 is rounded and pulled toward the fan hub 3 inwards. The hub ramp 9 is performed starting from the fan hub 3 directly from the previous fan blade 2 on the trailing edge 10 of the following fan blade 2a. In this case, the hub ramp 9 and the fan blade 2 form a structural unit and are integrally fused with one another, since the hub ramp 9 extends starting from the connection point of the second region 5 of the fan blade 2. The hub ramp 9 ends at the trailing edge 10 of the next fan blade 2a, approximately halfway up the fan blade 2a. With this configuration, the strength of the fan 1 is ensured at a low material usage. The hub ramp 9 is stabilized by a plurality of ribs 11 relative to the fan hub 3.

In Figur 4 ist ein Ausschnitt der Vorderseite (Stauseite) des Lüfters 1 dargestellt. An der Vorderseite der Lüfterschaufel 2 ist ein Stabilisator 7 angeordnet. Die Nabenrampe 9, welche sich auf der Rückseite der Lüfterschaufel 2 befindet, ist aus diesem Grunde gestrichelt dargestellt. Der Stabilisator 7 steht annähernd senkrecht zur Lüfterschaufel 2 und ragt aus dieser heraus, wodurch die Strömung stabilisiert wird. Der Stabilisator 7 dient als Strömungsleitelement, um Wirbelstrukturen im Bereich der Lüfternabe 3 in ihrer Ausbreitung zu unterbinden. Der Stabilisator 7 beginnt auf der Lüfterschaufel 2 in dem heruntergezogenen Bereich 5 (zweiter Bereich 5 der Lüfterschaufel 2) und endet an der Vorderkante 8 der Lüfterschaufel 2. Gegenüber der Lüfternabe 3 weist der Stabilisator 7 einen kleineren Radius auf als die Nabenrampe 9.In FIG. 4 a section of the front (storage side) of the fan 1 is shown. At the front of the fan blade 2, a stabilizer 7 is arranged. The hub ramp 9, which is located on the back of the fan blade 2, is shown in phantom for this reason. The stabilizer 7 is approximately perpendicular to the fan blade 2 and protrudes out of this, whereby the flow is stabilized. The stabilizer 7 serves as a flow guide to prevent vortex structures in the area of the fan hub 3 in their propagation. The stabilizer 7 begins on the fan blade 2 in the pulled-down area 5 (second area 5 of the fan blade 2) and ends at the leading edge 8 of the fan blade 2. Opposite the fan hub 3, the stabilizer 7 has a smaller radius than the hub ramp. 9

Figur 5 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die Rückseite des Lüfters 1, an welcher sich radial erstreckende Rippen 11 angeordnet sind, die zur Versteifung des Lüfters 1 dienen. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung sind an jeder Lüfterschaufel 2 mindestens drei Rippen 11 vorgesehen, wobei davon mindestens zwei Rippen 11 die Nabenrampe 9 abstützen. Diese Rippen 11 tragen dazu bei, dass die jeweilige Lüfterschaufeln 2 beim Auftreten von Spannungsspitzen besser entlastet wird. Dabei wird der Kraftfluss von der Lüfternabe 3 in die Lüfterschaufel 2 durch die Rippen 11 gewährleistet. FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the back of the fan 1, on which radially extending ribs 11 are arranged, which serve to stiffen the fan 1. In this embodiment, at least three ribs 11 are provided on each fan blade 2, wherein at least two ribs 11 support the hub ramp 9. These ribs 11 contribute to the fact that the respective fan blades 2 is better relieved when voltage spikes occur. In this case, the power flow is ensured by the fan hub 3 in the fan blade 2 by the ribs 11.

Wie aus der Figur 6 und 7 hervorgeht, ist die Lüfterschaufel 2 an der Stelle, wo sie mit der Lüfternabe 3 in Kontakt tritt, durch eine Rippe 11a verstärkt. Die Rippen 11 sind dabei rechts und links zur Anbindung 14 der Lüfterschaufel 2 an die Lüfternabe 3 angeordnet. Dadurch wird diese Stelle, welche die Stelle mit der höchsten Belastung darstellt, entlastet. Die Tiefe der Rippen 11 an der Anbindung 14 zur Lüfternabe 3 und der Nabenrampe 9 ist aus Gründen der Materialersparnis minimal, jedoch tief genug, dass die Spannungen in der Nabenrampe 9 durch die Fliehkraft, welche an der Lüfterschaufel 2 angreift, nicht zu groß werden. Die Rippe 11 endet ca. 2 cm vor der Hinterkante der Nabenrampe 9. Die Rippen 11 weisen dabei eine geschwungene Außenkante 12 auf und weiten sich in ihrer Fläche ausgehend von der Lüfternabe 3 in Richtung der Nabenrampe 9. Diese geschwungene Rippenform verbessert die Strömungsverhältnisse an dieser Stelle.Like from the FIG. 6 and 7 As can be seen, the fan blade 2 at the location where it comes into contact with the fan hub 3, reinforced by a rib 11 a. The ribs 11 are arranged right and left to the connection 14 of the fan blade 2 to the fan hub 3. As a result, this point, which is the point with the highest load, relieved. The depth of the ribs 11 at the connection 14 to the fan hub 3 and the hub ramp 9 is minimal for reasons of material savings, but deep enough that the stresses in the hub ramp 9 by the centrifugal force which acts on the fan blade 2, not too large. The rib 11 ends about 2 cm in front of the rear edge of the hub ramp 9. The ribs 11 in this case have a curved outer edge 12 and extending in their area starting from the fan hub 3 in the direction of the hub ramp 9. This curved rib shape improves the flow conditions at this point.

Figur 8 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Kräfte, welche am Lüfter 1 auftreten, wenn der Lüfter sich dreht, wobei von der Seite auf die Lüfterschaufel 2 geblickt wird. Die Lüfterschaufel 2 ist dabei nicht zentrisch gegenüber der Nabe 3 angeordnet, sondern der Schwerpunkt 16 der Lüfterschaufel 2 ist nach vorn zur Vorderseite (Saugseite) des Lüfters 1 verlagert. Die Luftförderrichtung 17 trifft von links auf die Lüfterschaufel 2
auf. Beim Drehen des Lüfters 1 wird eine Zentrifugalkraft FZ der Lüfterschaufel 2 erzeugt, die an der Vorderkante der Lüfterschaufel 2 auftritt. Das bedeutet, dass die aus den Zentrifugalkräften FZ resultierende Reaktionskraft FR der Lüfterschaufel 2, welche aus F R = ∫ ω 2 ρ dVdr ,

Figure imgb0001
wobei

ω
Drehgeschwindigkeit des Lüfters,
ρ
Dichte
V
verdrängtes Luftvolumen
r
Radius des Lüfters,
bestimmt wird, in Strömungsrichtung betrachtet vor der Lüfternabe 3 liegt. FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of the forces that occur on the fan 1 when the fan rotates, being viewed from the side of the fan blade 2. The fan blade 2 is not arranged centrally relative to the hub 3, but the center of gravity 16 of the fan blade 2 is moved forward to the front (suction side) of the fan 1. The air conveying direction 17 hits the fan blade 2 from the left
on. When rotating the fan 1, a centrifugal force F Z of the fan blade 2 is generated, which occurs at the front edge of the fan blade 2. This means that the reaction force F R resulting from the centrifugal forces F Z of the fan blade 2, which consists of F R = ∫ ω 2 ρ dVdr .
Figure imgb0001
 in which
ω
Rotational speed of the fan,
ρ
density
V
displaced air volume
r
Radius of the fan,
is determined, viewed in the flow direction before the fan hub 3 is located.

Dieser Zentrifugalkraft FZ wirkt eine aerodynamische Kraft FD entgegen. Diese aerodynamische Kraft FD entsteht auf der Rückseite (Druckseite) der Lüfterschaufel 2 durch eine Druckerhöhung. Die aerodynamische Kraft FD wirkt auf die Hinterkante der Lüfterschaufel 2 und versucht die Lüfterschaufel 2 in Richtung der Luftförderrichtung 17 zu bewegen. Die Lüfterschaufel 2 baut dabei einen Druck auf.This centrifugal force F Z counteracts an aerodynamic force F D. This aerodynamic force F D arises on the back (pressure side) of the fan blade 2 by an increase in pressure. The aerodynamic force F D acts on the trailing edge of the fan blade 2 and tries to move the fan blade 2 in the direction of the air conveying direction 17. The fan blade 2 builds up a pressure.

Diese aerodynamischen Kräfte sind bei gleichbleibender Drehzahl des Lüfters 1 abhängig vom Arbeitspunkt, so dass für die Auslegung des Lüfters 1 eine Annahme bezüglich des Arbeitspunktes gemacht werden muss. In die Lüfternabe 3 wird kein Moment eingeleitet. Die aerodynamischen Kräfte und die Fliehkräfte steigen dabei quadratisch mit der Drehzahl.These aerodynamic forces are at constant speed of the fan 1 depends on the operating point, so that for the design of the fan. 1 an assumption has to be made concerning the operating point. No moment is introduced into the fan hub 3. The aerodynamic forces and the centrifugal forces increase quadratically with the speed.

Aufgrund der seitlichen Verschiebung des Schwerpunktes der Lüfterschaufel 2 um den Abstand a von der Lüfternabe 3 in Richtung Luftförderrichtung 17, greift die Zentrifugalkraft FZ nicht an der Lüfternabe 3 an, sondern versucht die Lüfterschaufel 2 nach hinten zu kippen. Dies wird durch die angreifenden aerodynamischen Kräfte FD aufgrund des besonderen Abstandes der Lüfterschaufel 2 von der Lüfternabe kompensiert.Due to the lateral displacement of the center of gravity of the fan blade 2 by the distance a from the fan hub 3 in the direction of air conveying direction 17, the centrifugal force F Z does not attack on the fan hub 3, but tries to tilt the fan blade 2 to the rear. This is compensated by the attacking aerodynamic forces F D due to the particular distance of the fan blade 2 from the fan hub.

Der beschriebene Lüfter 1 ist aus einem Kunststoff hergestellt. Fertigungstechnisch wird der Lüfter 1 mit einem einfachen Auf/Zu-Werkzeug ohne den Einsatz von Schiebern erzeugt, wobei der Einsatz von Kunststoff minimiert wird.The described fan 1 is made of a plastic. Manufacturing technology, the fan 1 is generated with a simple on / off tool without the use of slides, whereby the use of plastic is minimized.

Claims (8)

  1. A fan comprising fan blades, in particular for radiators of motor vehicles, wherein the fan blades (2) are attached to a fan hub (3), characterised in that each fan blade (2) is angled rearward in the direction of a blade root (15), wherein an angled region (5) of the fan blade (2) is bent down towards the fan hub (3), wherein a curvature and/or a radius of the fan blade (2) in a first region (4) extending outward from the angle (6) is different to a curvature and/or a radius of the second region (5) extending from the angle (6) in the direction of the fan hub (3), wherein the second region (5) of the fan blade (2) is bent down towards the fan hub (3), and wherein a hub ramp (9) is formed conically in the region between the blade front edge of one and the blade rear edge of the following fan blades (2, 2a).
  2. The fan as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the front edge (8) of the second region (5) of the fan blade (2) which is bent down towards the fan hub (3) is formed in a sickle-shaped manner (8a) in the direction of rotation.
  3. The fan as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the hub ramp (9), starting from the blade root (15) of the fan blade (2) arranged on the fan hub (3), is guided directly onto the rear edge (10) of the following fan blade (2a).
  4. The fan as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a stabiliser (7) is arranged on a side of the fan blade (2) facing away from the hub ramp (9) and is formed in particular on the second region (5) of the fan blade (2) in the segment bent down towards the fan hub (3).
  5. The fan as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the stabiliser (7) on the front edge of the fan blade (2) runs on a smaller radius than the radial extension of the hub ramp (9) on the back of the fan blade (2).
  6. The fan as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the centre of gravity (16) of the fan blade (2) is displaced so far forward towards the suction side that a centrifugal force (FZ) acting on the fan blade (2) and an aerodynamic force (FD) generated by a pressure increase on the fan blade approximately compensate for each other.
  7. The fan as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one rib (11) is arranged radially on the pressure side of the fan (1) approximately at the attachment (14) of the blade root (15) to the fan hub (3).
  8. The fan as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the rib (11) has a curved outer edge (12), wherein the rib (11) extends from the fan hub (3) preferably up to the hub ramp (9).
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DE102010042325A1 (en) 2012-04-12
RU2013121573A (en) 2014-11-20
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US20130287581A1 (en) 2013-10-31
BR112013009031A2 (en) 2017-10-31
US9447791B2 (en) 2016-09-20
EP2627910A1 (en) 2013-08-21
JP6045498B2 (en) 2016-12-14
WO2012049220A1 (en) 2012-04-19
CN203476797U (en) 2014-03-12

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