EP2626664A2 - Grenade with a marking substance - Google Patents
Grenade with a marking substance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2626664A2 EP2626664A2 EP13000572.1A EP13000572A EP2626664A2 EP 2626664 A2 EP2626664 A2 EP 2626664A2 EP 13000572 A EP13000572 A EP 13000572A EP 2626664 A2 EP2626664 A2 EP 2626664A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grenade
- marker
- markers
- combination
- marking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OTXHZHQQWQTQMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (diaminomethylideneamino)azanium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O.N[NH2+]C(N)=N OTXHZHQQWQTQMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical class NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KMSRVXJGTIRNNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diaminomethylideneazanium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O KMSRVXJGTIRNNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001160 nonlethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
Definitions
- the invention relates to a garnet with a marker.
- the DE 691 14 126 T2 projectsiles which allow the delivery of a number of chemicals for different purposes. These purposes include labeling with a coloring agent.
- the DE 691 14 126 T2 concerns a fragile non-lethal bullet.
- the projectile has a breakable cap which is filled with a flowable substance. When serving the filling is released.
- the filling can be an amorphous, free-flowing powder, a liquid or a semi-liquid. The filling is distributed on impact only in a relatively small area.
- a Zerlegergeunter known which comprises a plurality of active bodies, each with a Wirkladung.
- the active charges can be ignited via a pyrotechnic ignition detonator.
- Each of the active bodies also has an impact fuse for igniting the active charge when the impactor impacts on the ground.
- the active charge may be a marking charge in the form of a bang-flash-fog charge, which essentially serves to indicate the impact point of the active bodies on the ground after the dismantling of the disassembling projectile and an ejection of the active bodies.
- the delay time of the deceleration fuze is designed so that after the ejection of the active body all marking charges are ignited only at the bottom.
- the deceleration fuze and the impact fuze ensure almost 100% ignition safety.
- Each of the marker loads here marks only a relatively small area.
- Object of the present invention is to provide an alternative projectile with a marker and a use of such a projectile.
- a grenade comprising a marking substance or a combination of marking substances is provided for the sustainable marking of objects, living beings and / or terrain in a target area.
- a sustainable marking in the sense of the invention is a marking which, unless it is removed, can still be recognized on the marked objects or living beings or on the marked terrain after at least one hour, in particular at least two hours.
- the grenade has a device for the release of the marker or the markers depending on the time since a launch of the grenade time or the distance to the shooting site or the distance to the impact of the grenade. The distance to the point of impact is measured with a proximity fuse. If the distance to the point of impact is zero, an impact fuze is used.
- the marker or combination of tags or a ratio between amounts of the tags in the combination is / are associated with at least one piece of information.
- This information may be, for example, the batch of the grenade.
- this information is associated with further information about the launch time, launch location, and target area at launch, upon detection of the tag, combination, or tonnage on the location and timing of the launch, and the target area of the grenade and whereabouts thereof z.
- B. a person at the time of shooting are closed.
- the marker, the combination of tags, and the amount ratio of amounts of the tags in the combination each provide a code for the information.
- the release device depending on the time elapsed since launch, or the distance to the point of impact or distance to the point of impact it is possible for the grenade to release the marker or the combination of markers over a target area and thereby sustainably mark objects, animals and / or terrain in the target area.
- the target area may, for example, be an area behind a cover which is hardly or only partially accessible to direct fire. This will make it later it is possible to identify persons, other living beings or objects that were in the target area at the time of release of the marker or combination of marker substances.
- the device for releasing the marker or the marker further comprises a (n), in particular a normal gas volume of at least 700 l / kg having (n), pyrotechnic charge, propellant charge or explosive.
- the normal gas volume is the total volume of gases produced in the full reaction of one kilogram of the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant or the explosive, based on normal conditions, ie. H. 0 ° C and 1 atm pressure.
- the advantage of such a pyrotechnic composition, such a propellant or such an explosive is that the marker or the markers are thereby released very efficiently, but at the same time thermally only slightly loaded.
- a propellant or an explosive having a normal gas volume of at least 700 l / kg, so much heat is removed by the strong expansion of the resulting gas and an exothermic reaction that the marker or the markers are thermally stressed only slightly.
- the markers are also spatially removed from the pyrotechnic charge, propellant or explosive by the resulting gas.
- the large amount of relatively cold gas may have a maximum temperature of about 1000 ° C after the explosion.
- Many of the candidate markers retain their defined properties.
- the pyrotechnic composition, propellant or explosive may include ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate, an aminoguanidine salt, especially aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate.
- Ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate and Aminoguanidinsalze have a normal gas volume of more than 700 l / kg.
- an intermediate layer may be disposed between the pyrotechnic charge, propellant or explosive and the marker or combination of markers, particularly around the pyrotechnic charge, propellant or explosive which, after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant or the explosive, ie with heat, reacts endothermically with the release of gas.
- the arrangement around the For example, the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant charge, or the explosive may be configured to envelop the pyrotechnic charge, propellant, or explosive of the tag or combination of tags.
- the intermediate layer may comprise ammonium chloride, urea, melamine, trimellitic anhydride or a carbonate or bicarbonate of a metal.
- the substances mentioned can be present in powdered pressed form.
- the marking substance or the marking substances is / are selected such that they emit / emit an electromagnetic radiation upon irradiation with an electromagnetic wave.
- the marking substance or the marking substances may be micro- or nanoparticles, which are often also referred to as "smart dust" and are distinguished by the fact that they react like transponders to the irradiation of a radio frequency with a radio response and thereby store a previously stored signal Can radiate code.
- This code can be used, for example, to determine the time and place of exposure of a person or their clothing or any other object with the Smart Dust.
- the combination of high sensitivity detection capability with release over a target area allows very large area marking of terrain, animals and objects.
- the emitted electromagnetic radiation may have at least one frequency that is at most as great as a frequency of the electromagnetic wave with which the irradiation can take place.
- the emitted electromagnetic radiation is in the range not visible to humans, in particular in a wavelength range above the visible wavelength range. As a result, it is not possible without technical aids to recognize the mark. A targeted removal of the mark is therefore relatively unlikely.
- the marking substance or the marking substances are selected so that in each case a specific time between
- Irradiation and emission is. In order to distinguish between markers each having a specific time between irradiation and emission, irradiation with a pulsed light or other pulsed electromagnetic wave is required.
- the marking substance or at least one of the marking substances may be a photoluminescent substance, in particular a photoluminescent substance emitting infrared radiation and / or an activator.
- the marking substance or at least one of the marking substances may also be a substance, in particular a rare earth metal, from which a fluorescent substance is produced in the case of combustion accompanied by the release. From a rare earth metal, a rare earth oxide is formed, which is fluorescent.
- the photoluminescent substance may be a fluorescent substance, in particular calcium fluoride, zinc sulfide, a rare earth oxide or a nanoparticle consisting of a semiconductor material, in particular InGaAs or CdSe or a phosphorescent substance, in particular a sulfide of a metal of the second main group of the Periodic Table or zinc sulfide with traces of a Heavy metal salt include.
- the activator may comprise metal ions, in particular Pb 2+ , Sb 3+ or Mn 2+ .
- the irradiation with high-energy light triggers a characteristic spectral response, for example in the IR range.
- a characteristic spectral response for example in the IR range.
- strongly fluorescent materials instead of lighting, for. B. with UV light, and the irradiation of sunlight sufficient to clearly identify the spectral response from a distance sensitive with a sensitive spectral range camera.
- a phosphorescent substance and its spectral response in the IR range people who enter dark spaces can be detected even without illumination with very simple means, since a disturbing background radiation is missing.
- simultaneous use of various photoluminescent Markers and / or different amounts of different photoluminescent markers and / or the use of different activators can be used to create a large number of different codes.
- the marker is remotely identifiable and may represent a remotely readable code.
- the grenade according to the invention can be used in combination with conventional projectiles. It can be fed to a launching system, for example, in a mixed belt together with conventional projectiles.
- the invention further relates to the use of at least one grenade according to the invention for the sustainable marking of objects, living beings and / or terrain in a target area, wherein the grenade is fired over the target area and there the marker or the combination of markers by means of the device for release of the marker or releases the markers.
- the marking substance or the marking substances are irradiated for identification by means of a tunable laser, in particular by means of a quantum cascade laser, or with pulsed light or another pulsed electromagnetic wave.
- the pulsed light or other pulsed electromagnetic wave allows the determination of the time between irradiation and emission.
- the tunable laser allows irradiation with a very specific frequency, which then triggers a specific emission.
- spectral analysis may indicate the presence or absence of individual markers.
- 2 5 32 different codes can be realized.
- the grenades according to the invention can be produced with the different codes.
- the respective code is assigned to the shooting site, the launching time and the target area.
- the code can be recognized and associated with the launch site, the launch time, and the target area.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Granate mit einem Markierungsstoff.The invention relates to a garnet with a marker.
Aus der
Aus der
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein alternatives Geschoss mit einem Markierungsstoff sowie eine Verwendung eines solchen Geschosses anzugeben.Object of the present invention is to provide an alternative projectile with a marker and a use of such a projectile.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 13 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 2 bis 12 und 14 bis 16.The object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 13. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the features of claims 2 to 12 and 14 to 16.
Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Granate umfassend einen Markierungsstoff oder eine Kombination von Markierungsstoffen zur nachhaltigen Markierung von Gegenständen, Lebewesen und/oder Gelände in einem Zielgebiet vorgesehen. Eine nachhaltige Markierung im Sinne der Erfindung ist eine Markierung, die, sofern sie nicht entfernt wird, auch noch nach mindestens einer Stunde, insbesondere mindestens zwei Stunden, auf den markierten Gegenständen oder Lebewesen oder dem markierten Gelände erkennbar ist. Weiterhin weist die Granate eine Vorrichtung zur Freisetzung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe in Abhängigkeit von der seit einem Abschuss der Granate vergangenen Zeit oder der Entfernung zum Abschussort oder der Entfernung zum Auftreffort der Granate auf. Die Entfernung zum Auftreffort wird mit einem Annäherungszünder gemessen. Soll die Entfernung zum Auftreffort Null sein, wird ein Aufschlagzünder verwendet. Der Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination von Markierungsstoffen oder ein Mengenverhältnis zwischen Mengen der Markierungsstoffe in der Kombination ist/sind mindestens einer Information zugeordnet. Bei dieser Information kann es sich beispielsweise um die Charge der Granate handeln. Wenn beim Abschuss diese Information beispielsweise einer weiteren Information über die Abschusszeit, den Abschussort und das Zielgebiet zugeordnet wird, kann bei Detektion des Markierungsstoffs, der Kombination oder des Mengenverhältnisses auf den Ort und den Zeitpunkt des Abschusses und das Zielgebiet der Granate und daraus auf den Aufenthaltsort z. B. einer Person zum Zeitpunkt des Abschusses geschlossen werden. Der Markierungsstoff, die Kombination von Markierungsstoffen und das Mengenverhältnis zwischen Mengen der Markierungsstoffe in der Kombination stellen jeweils einen Code für die Information dar. Durch die Vorrichtung zur Freisetzung in Abhängigkeit von der seit dem Abschuss vergangenen Zeit oder der Entfernung zum Abschussort oder der Entfernung zum Auftreffort der Granate ist es möglich, den Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination von Markierungsstoffen über einem Zielgebiet freizusetzen und dadurch Gegenstände, Lebewesen und/oder Gelände in dem Zielgebiet nachhaltig zu markieren. Das Zielgebiet kann beispielsweise ein Bereich hinter einer Deckung sein, der einem direkten Beschuss kaum oder nur eingeschränkt zugänglich ist. Dadurch ist es später möglich, Personen, sonstige Lebewesen oder Objekte zu identifizieren, die sich zum Zeitpunkt der Freisetzung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Kombination von Markierungsstoffen in dem Zielgebiet befunden haben.According to the invention, a grenade comprising a marking substance or a combination of marking substances is provided for the sustainable marking of objects, living beings and / or terrain in a target area. A sustainable marking in the sense of the invention is a marking which, unless it is removed, can still be recognized on the marked objects or living beings or on the marked terrain after at least one hour, in particular at least two hours. Furthermore, the grenade has a device for the release of the marker or the markers depending on the time since a launch of the grenade time or the distance to the shooting site or the distance to the impact of the grenade. The distance to the point of impact is measured with a proximity fuse. If the distance to the point of impact is zero, an impact fuze is used. The marker or combination of tags or a ratio between amounts of the tags in the combination is / are associated with at least one piece of information. This information may be, for example, the batch of the grenade. For example, if this information is associated with further information about the launch time, launch location, and target area at launch, upon detection of the tag, combination, or tonnage on the location and timing of the launch, and the target area of the grenade and whereabouts thereof z. B. a person at the time of shooting are closed. The marker, the combination of tags, and the amount ratio of amounts of the tags in the combination each provide a code for the information. By the release device depending on the time elapsed since launch, or the distance to the point of impact or distance to the point of impact it is possible for the grenade to release the marker or the combination of markers over a target area and thereby sustainably mark objects, animals and / or terrain in the target area. The target area may, for example, be an area behind a cover which is hardly or only partially accessible to direct fire. This will make it later it is possible to identify persons, other living beings or objects that were in the target area at the time of release of the marker or combination of marker substances.
Bei einer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Granate umfasst die Vorrichtung zur Freisetzung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe weiterhin eine(n), insbesondere ein Normalgasvolumen von mindestens 700 I/kg aufweisende(n), pyrotechnischen Satz, Treibladung oder Sprengstoff. Bei dem Normalgasvolumen handelt es sich um das Gesamtvolumen der bei der vollständigen Umsetzung von einem Kilogramm des pyrotechnischen Satzes, der Treibladung oder des Sprengstoffs entstehenden Gase, bezogen auf Normalbedingungen, d. h. 0°C und 1 atm Druck. Der Vorteil eines solchen pyrotechnischen Satzes, einer solchen Treibladung oder eines solchen Sprengstoffs besteht darin, dass der Markierungsstoff oder die Markierungsstoffe dadurch sehr effizient freigesetzt, gleichzeitig aber thermisch nur gering belastet werden. Bei einem pyrotechnischen Satz, einer Treibladung oder einem Sprengstoff der ein Normalgasvolumen von mindestens 700 l/kg aufweist, wird durch die starke Expansion des entstehenden Gases auch einer exothermen Reaktion soviel Wärme entzogen, dass dabei der Markierungsstoff oder die Markierungsstoffe thermisch nur gering belastet werden.In one embodiment of the grenade according to the invention, the device for releasing the marker or the marker further comprises a (n), in particular a normal gas volume of at least 700 l / kg having (n), pyrotechnic charge, propellant charge or explosive. The normal gas volume is the total volume of gases produced in the full reaction of one kilogram of the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant or the explosive, based on normal conditions, ie. H. 0 ° C and 1 atm pressure. The advantage of such a pyrotechnic composition, such a propellant or such an explosive is that the marker or the markers are thereby released very efficiently, but at the same time thermally only slightly loaded. In a pyrotechnic composition, a propellant or an explosive having a normal gas volume of at least 700 l / kg, so much heat is removed by the strong expansion of the resulting gas and an exothermic reaction that the marker or the markers are thermally stressed only slightly.
Darüber hinaus werden die Markierungsstoffe durch das entstehende Gas auch räumlich von dem pyrotechnischen Satz, der Treibladung oder dem Sprengstoff entfernt. Die große Menge relativ kalten Gases kann nach der Explosion eine Temperatur von höchstens etwa 1000°C aufweisen. Dabei behalten viele der in Frage kommenden Markierungsstoffe ihre definierten Eigenschaften bei. Der pyrotechnische Satz, die Treibladung oder der Sprengstoff kann dazu Ammoniumnitrat, Guanidinnitrat, ein Aminoguanidinsalz, insbesondere Aminoguanidinhydrogencarbonat umfassen. Ammoniumnitrat, Guanidinnitrat und Aminoguanidinsalze weisen ein Normalgasvolumen von mehr als 700 l/kg auf.In addition, the markers are also spatially removed from the pyrotechnic charge, propellant or explosive by the resulting gas. The large amount of relatively cold gas may have a maximum temperature of about 1000 ° C after the explosion. Many of the candidate markers retain their defined properties. The pyrotechnic composition, propellant or explosive may include ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate, an aminoguanidine salt, especially aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate. Ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate and Aminoguanidinsalze have a normal gas volume of more than 700 l / kg.
Um empfindliche Markierungsstoffe vor thermischer Belastung zu schützen, kann alternativ oder zusätzlich zwischen dem pyrotechnischen Satz, der Treibladung oder dem Sprengstoff und dem, insbesondere um den pyrotechnischen Satz, die Treibladung oder den Sprengstoff herum angeordneten, Markierungsstoff oder der Kombination von Markierungsstoffen eine Zwischenschicht angeordnet sein, die nach Zündung des pyrotechnischen Satzes, der Treibladung oder des Sprengstoffs, d. h. unter Wärmezufuhr, endotherm unter Gasfreisetzung reagiert. Die Anordnung um den pyrotechnischen Satz, die Treibladung oder den Sprengstoff herum kann beispielsweise so ausgestaltet sein, dass der pyrotechnische Satz, die Treibladung oder der Sprengstoff von dem Markierungsstoff oder der Kombination von Markierungsstoffen umhüllt wird.To protect sensitive markers from thermal stress, alternatively or additionally, an intermediate layer may be disposed between the pyrotechnic charge, propellant or explosive and the marker or combination of markers, particularly around the pyrotechnic charge, propellant or explosive which, after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant or the explosive, ie with heat, reacts endothermically with the release of gas. The arrangement around the For example, the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant charge, or the explosive may be configured to envelop the pyrotechnic charge, propellant, or explosive of the tag or combination of tags.
Die Zwischenschicht kann Ammoniumchlorid, Harnstoff, Melamin, Trimellitanhydrid oder ein Carbonat oder Hydrogencarbonat eines Metalls umfassen. Die genannten Stoffe können dabei in pulverisierter gepresster Form vorliegen.The intermediate layer may comprise ammonium chloride, urea, melamine, trimellitic anhydride or a carbonate or bicarbonate of a metal. The substances mentioned can be present in powdered pressed form.
Bei einer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Granate ist/sind der Markierungsstoff oder die Markierungsstoffe so ausgewählt, dass er bzw. sie bei Bestrahlung mit einer elektromagnetischen Welle jeweils eine elektromagnetische Strahlung emittiert/emittieren. Dadurch ist ein Nachweis des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe mit großer Empfindlichkeit möglich und es können auch kleinste Mengen des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe nachgewiesen werden. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei dem Markierungsstoff oder den Markierungsstoffen um Mikro- oder Nanopartikel handeln, die häufig auch als "Smart Dust" bezeichnet werden und sich dadurch auszeichnen, dass sie wie Transponder auf die Einstrahlung einer Funkfrequenz mit einer Funkantwort reagieren und dabei einen zuvor abgespeicherten Code abstrahlen können. Über diesen Code können beispielsweise Ort und Zeit der Beaufschlagung von einer Person bzw. deren Kleidung oder eines sonstigen Gegenstands mit dem Smart Dust festgestellt werden. Die Kombination der Nachweismöglichkeit mit großer Empfindlichkeit mit einer Freisetzung über einem Zielgebiet ermöglicht eine sehr großflächige Markierung von Gelände, Lebewesen und Gegenständen. Die emittierte elektromagnetische Strahlung kann mindestens eine Frequenz aufweisen, die höchstens so groß ist, wie eine Frequenz der elektromagnetischen Welle, mit der die Bestrahlung erfolgen kann.In one embodiment of the grenade according to the invention, the marking substance or the marking substances is / are selected such that they emit / emit an electromagnetic radiation upon irradiation with an electromagnetic wave. This makes it possible to detect the marker or labels with high sensitivity, and to detect even the smallest amounts of the label or labels. For example, the marking substance or the marking substances may be micro- or nanoparticles, which are often also referred to as "smart dust" and are distinguished by the fact that they react like transponders to the irradiation of a radio frequency with a radio response and thereby store a previously stored signal Can radiate code. This code can be used, for example, to determine the time and place of exposure of a person or their clothing or any other object with the Smart Dust. The combination of high sensitivity detection capability with release over a target area allows very large area marking of terrain, animals and objects. The emitted electromagnetic radiation may have at least one frequency that is at most as great as a frequency of the electromagnetic wave with which the irradiation can take place.
Bei einer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Granate liegt die emittierte elektromagnetische Strahlung im für den Menschen nicht sichtbaren Bereich, insbesondere in einem Wellenlängenbereich oberhalb des sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereichs. Dadurch ist es ohne technische Hilfsmittel nicht möglich, die Markierung zu erkennen. Eine gezielte Entfernung der Markierung ist daher verhältnismäßig unwahrscheinlich.In one embodiment of the grenade according to the invention, the emitted electromagnetic radiation is in the range not visible to humans, in particular in a wavelength range above the visible wavelength range. As a result, it is not possible without technical aids to recognize the mark. A targeted removal of the mark is therefore relatively unlikely.
Bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist der Markierungsstoff oder sind die Markierungsstoffe so ausgewählt, dass jeweils eine spezifische Zeit zwischenIn a further embodiment, the marking substance or the marking substances are selected so that in each case a specific time between
Bestrahlung und Emission liegt. Um eine Unterscheidung zwischen Markierungsstoffen, bei denen jeweils eine spezifische Zeit zwischen Bestrahlung und Emission liegt, zu ermöglichen, ist eine Bestrahlung mit einem gepulsten Licht oder einer anderen gepulsten elektromagnetischen Welle erforderlich.Irradiation and emission is. In order to distinguish between markers each having a specific time between irradiation and emission, irradiation with a pulsed light or other pulsed electromagnetic wave is required.
Der Markierungsstoff oder zumindest einer der Markierungsstoffe kann ein fotolumineszierender Stoff, insbesondere ein Infrarotstrahlung emittierender und/oder einen Aktivator umfassender fotolumineszierender Stoff sein. Der Markierungsstoff oder zumindest einer der Markierungsstoffe kann auch ein Stoff, insbesondere ein Seltenerdmetall, sein, aus dem bei einer mit der Freisetzung einhergehenden Verbrennung ein fluoreszierender Stoff entsteht. Aus einem Seltenerdmetall entsteht dabei ein Seltenerdoxid, welches fluoreszierend ist.The marking substance or at least one of the marking substances may be a photoluminescent substance, in particular a photoluminescent substance emitting infrared radiation and / or an activator. The marking substance or at least one of the marking substances may also be a substance, in particular a rare earth metal, from which a fluorescent substance is produced in the case of combustion accompanied by the release. From a rare earth metal, a rare earth oxide is formed, which is fluorescent.
Der fotolumineszierende Stoff kann einen fluoreszierenden Stoff, insbesondere Kalziumfluorid, Zinksulfid, ein Seltenerdoxid oder ein aus einem Halbleiter-Material, insbesondere InGaAs oder CdSe, bestehendes Nanopartikel oder einen phosphoreszierenden Stoff, insbesondere ein Sulfid eines Metalls der zweiten Hauptgruppe des Periodensystems oder Zinksulfid mit Spuren eines Schwermetallsalzes umfassen. Der Aktivator kann Metallionen, insbesondere Pb2+, Sb3+ oder Mn2+, umfassen.The photoluminescent substance may be a fluorescent substance, in particular calcium fluoride, zinc sulfide, a rare earth oxide or a nanoparticle consisting of a semiconductor material, in particular InGaAs or CdSe or a phosphorescent substance, in particular a sulfide of a metal of the second main group of the Periodic Table or zinc sulfide with traces of a Heavy metal salt include. The activator may comprise metal ions, in particular Pb 2+ , Sb 3+ or Mn 2+ .
Damit steht eine große Zahl möglicher Markierungsstoffe bereit, mit der eine große Anzahl verschiedenere Codes bereitgestellt werden kann. Damit ist es zumindest weitgehend möglich, jede erfindungsgemäße Granate, die in einem relevanten Bereich und/oder Zeitraum verschossen werden soll, individuell zu kennzeichnen und die Kennzeichnung ihrem Abschussort, ihrer Abschusszeit und ihrem Zielgebiet zuzuordnen.This provides a large number of possible markers that can be used to provide a large number of different codes. Thus, it is at least largely possible to individually mark each grenade according to the invention, which is to be fired in a relevant area and / or period, and to assign the marking to its launch site, its launch time and its target area.
Bei einem fotolumineszierenden Stoff löst die Bestrahlung mit energiereichem Licht eine charakteristische Spektralantwort, beispielsweise im IR-Bereich aus. Bei stark fluoreszierenden Materialien kann statt einer Beleuchtung, z. B. mit UV-Licht, auch die Einstrahlung von Sonnenlicht ausreichen, um die Spektralantwort aus der Entfernung mit einer über den entsprechenden Spektralbereich empfindlichen Kamera eindeutig zu identifizieren. Mit einem phosphoreszierenden Stoff und dessen Spektralantwort im IR-Bereich lassen sich Personen, die dunkle Räume betreten auch ohne Beleuchtung mit sehr einfachen Mitteln detektieren, da eine störende Hintergrundstrahlung dabei fehlt. Durch gleichzeitige Verwendung verschiedener fotolumineszierender Markierungsstoffe und/oder unterschiedlicher Mengen verschiedener fotolumineszierender Markierungsstoffe und/oder die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Aktivatoren kann eine große Zahl unterschiedlicher Codes erstellt werden. Die Markierung ist aus der Entfernung identifizierbar und kann einen aus der Entfernung auslesbaren Code darstellen. Die erfindungsgemäße Granate kann in Kombination mit konventionellen Geschossen eingesetzt werden. Sie kann einem Abschusssystem beispielsweise in Mischgurtung zusammen mit konventionellen Geschossen zugeführt werden.In the case of a photoluminescent substance, the irradiation with high-energy light triggers a characteristic spectral response, for example in the IR range. For strongly fluorescent materials, instead of lighting, for. B. with UV light, and the irradiation of sunlight sufficient to clearly identify the spectral response from a distance sensitive with a sensitive spectral range camera. With a phosphorescent substance and its spectral response in the IR range, people who enter dark spaces can be detected even without illumination with very simple means, since a disturbing background radiation is missing. By simultaneous use of various photoluminescent Markers and / or different amounts of different photoluminescent markers and / or the use of different activators can be used to create a large number of different codes. The marker is remotely identifiable and may represent a remotely readable code. The grenade according to the invention can be used in combination with conventional projectiles. It can be fed to a launching system, for example, in a mixed belt together with conventional projectiles.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin die Verwendung mindestens einer erfindungsgemäßen Granate zur nachhaltigen Markierung von Gegenständen, Lebewesen und/oder Gelände in einem Zielgebiet, wobei die Granate über das Zielgebiet geschossen wird und dort den Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination von Markierungsstoffen mittels der Vorrichtung zur Freisetzung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe freisetzt.The invention further relates to the use of at least one grenade according to the invention for the sustainable marking of objects, living beings and / or terrain in a target area, wherein the grenade is fired over the target area and there the marker or the combination of markers by means of the device for release of the marker or releases the markers.
Es ist möglich, mehrere Granaten über unterschiedliche oder identische Zielgebiete zu schießen und dort jeweils den Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination der Markierungsstoffe freizusetzen, wobei der Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination von Markierungsstoffen jeder Granate jeweils einer anderen Information, insbesondere über Abschussort, Abschusszeit und/oder Zielgebiet der Granate, zugeordnet ist.It is possible to fire several shells across different or identical target areas and there release each of the marker or the combination of the markers, wherein the marker or the combination of markers each grenade each other information, in particular about shooting site, shooting time and / or target area of Grenade, is assigned.
Bei einer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung wird/werden der Markierungsstoff oder die Markierungsstoffe zur Identifizierung mittels eines durchstimmbaren Lasers, insbesondere mittels eines Quantenkaskadenlasers, oder mit gepulstem Licht oder einer anderen gepulsten elektromagnetischen Welle bestrahlt. Das gepulste Licht oder die andere gepulste elektromagnetische Welle ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Zeit zwischen Bestrahlung und Emission. Der durchstimmbare Laser ermöglicht eine Bestrahlung mit einer ganz spezifischen Frequenz, die dann eine spezifische Emission auslöst.In one embodiment of the use according to the invention, the marking substance or the marking substances are irradiated for identification by means of a tunable laser, in particular by means of a quantum cascade laser, or with pulsed light or another pulsed electromagnetic wave. The pulsed light or other pulsed electromagnetic wave allows the determination of the time between irradiation and emission. The tunable laser allows irradiation with a very specific frequency, which then triggers a specific emission.
Es ist möglich, Personen und/oder Gegenstände, die sich bei der Freisetzung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Kombination von Markierungsstoffen im jeweiligen Zielgebiet befanden und an denen der Markierungsstoff haftet oder die Markierungsstoffe haften, mittels einer Analyse des Spektrums eines Lichts, das bei Bestrahlung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe an den Personen und/oder Gegenständen mit einer elektromagnetischen Welle emittiert wird, als solche Personen und/oder Gegenstände zu identifizieren.It is possible to identify persons and / or objects involved in the release of the tag or combination of tagging agents in the particular target area to which the tagging agent is attached or the tagging agents to adhere by means of an analysis of the spectrum of a light incident upon irradiation of the tagging agent or the markers on the persons and / or articles with an electromagnetic wave is emitted, as such to identify persons and / or objects.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert:The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment:
Mit einer Kombination von fünf der genannten Markierungsstoffe in gleichen Teilen kann über eine Spektralanalyse auf das Vorhandensein oder Nichtvorhandensein der einzelnen Markierungsstoffe geschlossen werden. Damit lassen sich 25 = 32 verschiedene Codes realisieren.With a combination of five of said markers in equal parts, spectral analysis may indicate the presence or absence of individual markers. Thus, 2 5 = 32 different codes can be realized.
Bei der Durchführung einer hochauflösenden Spektralanalyse können auch Konzentrationsabstufungen unterschiedlicher Konzentrationen der Markierungsstoffe erkannt werden. Bei drei Konzentrationsabstufungen und fünf Markierungsstoffen lassen sich 35 = 243 verschiedene Codes erzeugen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Granaten können mit den unterschiedlichen Codes hergestellt werden. Bei Abschuss der erfindungsgemäßen Granate wird der jeweilige Code dem Abschussort, der Abschusszeit und dem Zielgebiet zugeordnet. Bei einer später an anderer Stelle an Personen oder Gegenständen durchgeführten Spektralanalyse kann der Code erkannt und mit dem Abschussort, der Abschusszeit und dem Zielgebiet in Verbindung gebracht werden.When carrying out a high-resolution spectral analysis, it is also possible to detect concentration gradations of different concentrations of the marking substances. With three levels of concentration and five markers, 3 5 = 243 different codes can be generated. The grenades according to the invention can be produced with the different codes. When firing the grenade according to the invention, the respective code is assigned to the shooting site, the launching time and the target area. In a spectral analysis later performed on persons or objects elsewhere, the code can be recognized and associated with the launch site, the launch time, and the target area.
Claims (16)
wobei der Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination von Markierungsstoffen oder ein Mengenverhältnis zwischen Mengen der Markierungsstoffe in der Kombination mindestens einer Information zugeordnet ist/sind.A grenade comprising a marker or a combination of markers for the sustained marking of objects, animals and / or terrain in a target area and means for releasing the marker or tags depending on the time elapsed since the grenade was launched or the distance to the shoot or the distance to the place of impact of the grenade,
wherein the marker or combination of labels or a ratio between amounts of the labels in the combination is / are associated with at least one information.
wobei die Vorrichtung zur Freisetzung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe weiterhin eine(n), insbesondere ein Normalgasvolumen von mindestens 7001/kg aufweisende(n), pyrotechnischen Satz, Treibladung oder Sprengstoff umfasst.Grenade according to claim 1,
wherein the device for releasing the marker or the marker further comprises a (n), in particular a normal gas volume of at least 7001 / kg having (n), pyrotechnic charge, propellant charge or explosive.
wobei der pyrotechnische Satz, die Treibladung oder der Sprengstoff Ammoniumnitrat, Guanidinnitrat, ein Aminoguanidinsalz oder ein Hydrogencarbonat, insbesondere Guanidinhydrogencarbonat, Ammoniumhydrogencarbonat oder Aminoguanidinhydrogencarbonat, umfasst.Grenade according to claim 2,
wherein the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant charge or the explosive comprises ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate, an aminoguanidine salt or a hydrogencarbonate, in particular guanidine hydrogencarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or aminoguanidine hydrogencarbonate.
wobei zwischen dem pyrotechnischen Satz, der Treibladung oder dem Sprengstoff und dem, insbesondere um den pyrotechnischen Satz, die Treibladung oder den Sprengstoff herum angeordneten Markierungsstoff oder der Kombination von Markierungsstoffen eine Zwischenschicht angeordnet ist, die nach Zündung des pyrotechnischen Satzes, der Treibladung oder des Sprengstoffs endotherm unter Gasfreisetzung reagiert.Grenade according to claim 2 or 3,
wherein between the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant charge or the explosive and, in particular around the pyrotechnic charge, propellant charge or explosive arranged around the marker or the combination of markers, an intermediate layer is arranged after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge, the propellant charge or the explosive reacted endothermally with gas release.
wobei die Zwischenschicht Ammoniumchlorid, Harnstoff, Melamin, Trimellitanhydrid, oder ein Carbonat oder Hydrogencarbonat eines Metalls umfasst.Grenade according to claim 4,
wherein the intermediate layer comprises ammonium chloride, urea, melamine, trimellitic anhydride, or a carbonate or bicarbonate of a metal.
wobei der Markierungsstoff oder die Markierungsstoffe so ausgewählt ist/sind, dass er bzw. sie bei Bestrahlung mit einer elektromagnetischen Welle jeweils eine elektromagnetische Strahlung emittiert/emittieren.Grenade according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the marker or markers are selected so as to emit / emit electromagnetic radiation upon irradiation with an electromagnetic wave, respectively.
wobei die emittierte elektromagnetische Strahlung mindestens eine Frequenz aufweist, die höchstens so groß ist, wie eine Frequenz der elektromagnetischen Welle.Grenade according to claim 6,
wherein the emitted electromagnetic radiation has at least one frequency which is at most as large as a frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
wobei die emittierte elektromagnetische Strahlung im für den Menschen nicht sichtbaren Bereich, insbesondere in einem Wellenlängenbereich oberhalb des sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereichs, liegt.Grenade according to claim 6 or 7,
wherein the emitted electromagnetic radiation lies in the region not visible to humans, in particular in a wavelength range above the visible wavelength range.
wobei der Markierungsstoff oder die Markierungsstoffe so ausgewählt ist/sind, dass jeweils eine spezifische Zeit zwischen Bestrahlung und Emission liegt.Grenade according to one of claims 6 to 8,
wherein the marker or labels are / are selected such that each has a specific time between irradiation and emission.
wobei der Markierungsstoff oder zumindest einer der Markierungsstoffe ein fotolumineszierender Stoff, insbesondere ein Infrarotstrahlung emittierender und/oder einen Aktivator umfassender fotolumineszierender Stoff ist, oder ein Stoff, insbesondere ein Seltenerdmetall, ist, aus dem bei einer mit der Freisetzung einhergehenden Verbrennung ein fluoreszierender Stoff entsteht.Grenade according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the marking substance or at least one of the marking substances is a photoluminescent substance, in particular a photoluminescent substance which emits infrared radiation and / or an activator, or a substance, in particular a rare earth metal, from which a fluorescent substance is produced in the event of release accompanied combustion.
wobei der fotolumineszierende Stoff einen fluoreszierenden Stoff, insbesondere Kalziumfluorid, Zinksulfid, ein Seltenerdoxid oder ein aus einem Halbleiter-Material, insbesondere InGaAs oder CdSe, bestehendes Nanopartikel oder einen phosphoreszierenden Stoff, insbesondere ein Sulfid eines Metalls der zweiten Hauptgruppe des Periodensystems oder Zinksulfid mit Spuren eines Schwermetallsalzes, umfasst und wobei der Aktivator Metallionen, insbesondere Pb2+, Sb3+ oder Mn2+, umfasst.Grenade according to claim 10,
wherein the photoluminescent substance is a fluorescent substance, in particular calcium fluoride, zinc sulfide, a rare earth oxide or a nanoparticles or a phosphorescent material consisting of a semiconductor material, in particular InGaAs or CdSe, in particular a sulfide of a metal of the second main group of the Periodic Table or zinc sulfide with traces of a Heavy metal salt, and wherein the activator metal ions, in particular Pb 2+ , Sb 3+ or Mn 2+ comprises.
wobei die mindestens eine Information die Charge der Granate umfasst.Grenade according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the at least one information comprises the batch of the grenade.
wobei die Granate über das Zielgebiet geschossen wird und dort den Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination von Markierungsstoffen mittels der Vorrichtung zur Freisetzung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe freisetzt.Use of at least one grenade according to one of the preceding claims for the sustainable marking of objects, living beings and / or terrain in a target area,
wherein the grenade is fired over the target area where it releases the tag or combination of taggings by the means for releasing the tag or tags.
wobei mehrere Granaten über unterschiedliche oder identische Zielgebiete geschossen werden und dort jeweils den Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination der Markierungsstoffe freisetzen, wobei der Markierungsstoff oder die Kombination von Markierungsstoffen jeder Granate jeweils einer anderen Information, insbesondere über Abschussort, Abschusszeit und/oder Zielgebiet der Granate, zugeordnet ist.Use according to claim 13,
wherein several shells are fired at different or identical target areas and there respectively release the marker or the combination of the markers, wherein the marker or the combination of markers each grenade each other information, in particular about shooting site, launch time and / or target area of the grenade assigned is.
wobei der Markierungsstoff oder die Markierungsstoffe zur Identifizierung mittels eines durchstimmbaren Lasers, insbesondere mittels eines Quantenkaskadenlasers, oder mit gepulstem Licht oder in einer anderen gepulsten elektromagnetischen Welle bestrahlt wird/werden.Use according to claim 13 or 14,
wherein the marker or markers are irradiated for identification by means of a tunable laser, in particular by means of a quantum cascade laser, or by pulsed light or in another pulsed electromagnetic wave.
wobei Personen und/oder Gegenstände, die sich bei der Freisetzung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Kombination von Markierungsstoffen im jeweiligen Zielgebiet befanden und an denen der Markierungsstoff haftet oder die Markierungsstoffe haften, mittels einer Analyse des Spektrums eines Lichts, das bei Bestrahlung des Markierungsstoffs oder der Markierungsstoffe an den Personen und/oder Gegenständen mit einer elektromagnetischen Welle emittiert wird, als solche Personen und/oder Gegenstände identifiziert werden.Use according to one of claims 13 to 15,
wherein persons and / or objects which were in the release of the marker or the combination of markers in the respective target area and to which the marker adheres or the markers adhere, by means of an analysis of the spectrum of a light, upon irradiation of the marker or the markers at the persons and / or objects with an electromagnetic wave is emitted, as such persons and / or objects are identified.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE201210002687 DE102012002687A1 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2012-02-10 | Grenade with a marker |
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EP2626664A2 true EP2626664A2 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
EP2626664A3 EP2626664A3 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
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EP2626664B8 EP2626664B8 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
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DE102015007617A1 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2016-12-22 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ammunition for marking a target person |
CN105444626B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-11-24 | 南京旭羽睿材料科技有限公司 | A kind of rail-proof bomb for vegetation area |
Citations (2)
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DE3919314A1 (en) | 1989-06-13 | 1990-12-20 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Bomblets for shrapnel projectile - with delay monitor plus impact detonator for better security |
DE69114126T2 (en) | 1990-03-12 | 1996-05-15 | Snc Ind Technologies Inc | FRAGILE NON-LETAL SHELL. |
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US4222330A (en) * | 1978-08-16 | 1980-09-16 | General Electric Company | Magnetically tagging ammunition cartridges |
WO2001019758A1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-22 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh | Munition |
US20100275807A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2010-11-04 | Landry Daniel P | Photoluminescent nanocrystal based taggants |
BRPI0901063A2 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-12-21 | Univ Fed Pernambuco | luminescent ammunition procurement process and shooting residue detection process |
US9518808B2 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2016-12-13 | Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Ammunition and weapon type identification based on spectroscopic gunshot residue analysis |
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2012
- 2012-02-10 DE DE201210002687 patent/DE102012002687A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2013
- 2013-02-05 EP EP13000572.1A patent/EP2626664B8/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3919314A1 (en) | 1989-06-13 | 1990-12-20 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Bomblets for shrapnel projectile - with delay monitor plus impact detonator for better security |
DE69114126T2 (en) | 1990-03-12 | 1996-05-15 | Snc Ind Technologies Inc | FRAGILE NON-LETAL SHELL. |
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EP2626664A3 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
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EP2626664B8 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
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