Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
  • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
  • G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
  • G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
  • G01R29/085—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning for detecting presence or location of electric lines or cables
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
  • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
  • G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
  • G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
  • G01R33/091—Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
  • G01V3/02—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current
  • G01V3/06—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current using ac
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
  • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
  • G01V3/088—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices operating with electric fields
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
  • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
  • G01V3/081—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices the magnetic field is produced by the objects or geological structures

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a detection system for detecting an electrical line.
• the invention further relates to a loading module and a detector.
• E-field electric field
• the measurement circuits of conventional electric field measuring E-field sensors are designed to detect the 50Hz and 60Hz, respectively.
• the known sensors can not differentiate between E-fields which are radiated from the line to be found, and E-fields which are emitted by interferers, which are numerous to find in domestic use or on construction sites.
• interferers may be, for example, household electrical appliances.
• a further disadvantage is that the spreading of the E-field is favored by, for example, damp walls and conductive tiles, which further complicates detection and, in particular, localization.
• the published patent application DE 40 30 634 A1 discloses a method for finding conductor wires.
• a radio transmitter is connected to a single line wire, the line wire as the transmitting antenna of the radio transmitter serves.
• a high-frequency carrier frequency is then fed into the line conductor and the propagating E field is measured by means of a radio receiver.
• a disadvantage of the known method is in particular that a complex
• Radio transmitter is needed. Furthermore, the high-frequency waves can generate interference fields and affect the functioning of electronic devices.
• the object underlying the invention can therefore be seen to provide a method and a detection system for the detection of an electrical line, which overcome the known disadvantages and enable easy locating the electrical line.
• the invention includes the idea of specifying a method for detecting an electrical line.
• the line comprises at least two electrical wires, preferably three electrical wires.
• a conductor can also be a neutral, which may also be referred to as a PEN conductor, where PE is "protective earth.” where PEN stands for "protective earth neutral”.
• a conductor can also be a neutral conductor, which in connection with direct current can also be referred to as a center conductor.
• a neutral conductor may also be referred to as an N conductor, where N stands for "neutral”.
• the two conductor wires are subjected to an electrical variable, so that an electromagnetic field is formed around the conductor wires.
• a field size corresponding to the electromagnetic field is detected accordingly.
• the invention offers the advantage that due to the active loading of the two conductor cores, an adapted electromagnetic field which takes into account the environmental parameters of the conductor can be generated, so that, for example, an influence of a moist wall can be minimized in an advantageous manner.
• the invention further includes the idea of specifying a detection system for detecting an electrical line with at least two electrical leads.
• the detection system which may also be referred to as a measuring system, comprises a detector for detecting a field size corresponding to an electromagnetic field.
• an admission module is provided, which is set up to apply an electrical variable to the two electrical line conductors.
• the detection system is preferably designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
• the energizing module is electrically connected to the two electrical wires and energizes the two wires with an electrical size.
• the loading module may have a load module for generating an electrical load on the two electrical conductor wires.
• the load module so to speak, impresses a current on the line to be searched for.
• the stream may have a defined course.
• the detector which may also be referred to as a measurement receiver, is moved over a wall covering the conduit and measures the magnetic field (B field) resulting from the current flow.
• the electric field can be measured, especially when the load module generates high-frequency currents.
• the application module may, for example, have an induction module for inducing an electrical voltage in the two electrical conductor wires.
• the induction module is connected to the line to be searched and induces a voltage in the line to be searched.
• a voltage with a defined course is induced.
• the detector or measuring receiver is in particular moved over the wall covering the line and measures the E field of the induced voltage, in particular the E field of the induced voltage profiles. Since in both cases-induced voltage and impressed current-a temporal course of the respective applied electrical variable can be varied, corresponding electromagnetic fields characteristic of the applied electrical quantity are formed, which can also be referred to as measuring fields.
• the detected fields can thus be assigned to the admission module in a simple and unambiguous manner, so that an identification of the applied line is reliably enabled. Furthermore, a distinction can be made between electromagnetic interference fields and the measuring fields in an advantageous manner.
• the electrical quantity is modulated.
• an influence of a wall moisture can be minimized by modulating a frequency of the electrical quantity.
• the detector has a demodulator for demodulating the modulated injected signals.
• the detector may preferably comprise a sensor for detecting an electric field and / or a magnetic field.
• the detector comprises a Hall sensor, one or more coils, an AMR sensor based on the anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) effect, or a GMR sensor based on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect or giant magnetoresistance effect. Effect, or one or more electrodes.
• AMR anisotropic magnetoresistive
• GMR giant magnetoresistance
• Effect or one or more electrodes.
• the loading module is arranged in a housing with two electrical contacts for respectively contacting the two electrical wires. This achieves a particularly simple electrical connection of the admission module with the line conductors.
• the two electrical contacts on clamped connections, so that the loading module can be clamped to the two electrical wires.
• the housing is formed to be plugged into an electrical outlet.
• the housing has, for example, one or more plug contacts or pins.
• the housing has an adapter, so that the housing can be detachably plugged or fastened in a luminous means holder.
• the adapter comprises a threaded socket, which can be screwed into a threaded socket of a lamp.
• the admission module has a transmitter, which in particular emits recognition signals. These detection signals can be used in particular for identifying the admission module. The detection signals can also be referred to as identification signals.
• the detector preferably has a detector receiver which receives the detection signals emitted by the application module.
• a detector receiver which receives the detection signals emitted by the application module.
• the loading module and the detector communicate by means of Bluetooth and / or W-LAN and / or the ZigBee protocol and / or the irDA (infrared transmission) protocol.
• the transmitter and the detector receiver are then designed for the corresponding communication protocols.
• the detector has a detector transmitter, which in particular emits control signals.
• the control signals are received by a receiver of the loading module, so that the detector can advantageously actively control and for example parameterize the loading module.
• the detector transmitter communicates with the receiver analogously to the communication between the transmitter and the detector receiver, i. in particular via Bluetooth, WLAN, ZigBEE and / or irDA.
• FIG. 4a is a side view of a coil
• 4b shows a plan view of the coil of FIG. 4a
• FIGS. 4c to 4i each show a different coil arrangement
• FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a load module
• FIG. 6 shows a further application module
• FIG. 7 shows a modulation of the output signal
• FIG. 12 shows a coupling-in of an induction voltage FIG. 13 as the induction voltage is loaded
• FIG. 14 shows a classical nullification
• FIG. 16 shows a loading module
• FIG. 17 shows a modulation of the output signal
• Adapter and Fig. 20 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 shows a loading module 101.
• the loading module 101 comprises a load module 103 for generating an electrical load on the two electrical conductor wires, which may be referred to as a forward conductor and as a return conductor, respectively.
• the load module 103 is connected to the forward and the return conductor, so flows at an applied voltage due to the electrical load generated by the load module same electric current in the outgoing and in the return conductor with different signs. It can be provided that a mains voltage is already present. However, it can also be provided that a voltage must first be applied to the forward conductor and to the return conductor. Due to the fact that the same current flows in the forward and return conductor but with different signs, the magnetic fields generated by the forward and return conductors usually cancel each other out.
• the return and return conductors are arranged at the same position. This is physically not possible with cables. If the line comprises copper wire, especially if the wires are copper strands, then the magnetic fields would only extinguish if the forward and return conductors were interwoven, which is not according to the regulations of the Association of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology (VDE) allowed is.
• VDE Association of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology
• Fig. 2 shows a load module 201 which is electrically connected to a PE conductor 203, an N conductor 205 and an electrical conductor wire 207, which may also be generally referred to as an L conductor.
• the respective terminals of the load module 201 are connected to the PE conductor 203, the N conductor 205 and the L-conductor 207 at different positions, so that between a forward conductor, L-conductor 207 and N-conductor 205 depending on the sign of the voltage, and a return conductor, corresponding to N-conductor 205 and L-conductor 207, no Symmetry prevails, so that the B-fields can not extinguish.
• only one line core can be used as a conductor, in which case the forward or return line is carried out separately.
• the electric current of only one of the three conductors will be modulated in order to advantageously avoid the above described symmetric-related cancellations.
• a modulated current is generated.
• a dimension of the electrical line which can also be generally referred to as a power cable, can be detected better in an advantageous manner.
• the power cable is a three-phase cable.
• FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the method according to the invention.
• a loading module formed as a load module 301 is plugged into a socket 305 with two contacts 303a and 303b.
• the socket 305 is connected to a line 307 to be detected, which is arranged behind a wall 309.
• the lead 307 includes an L conductor 31 1, an N conductor 313, and a PE conductor 315, with the contact 303a connected to the N conductor 313 and the contact 303b connected to the L conductor 311.
• the application module 301 comprises a variable resistor 317, which is connected between the two contacts 303a and 303b.
• a controller 319 controls a resistance value of the variable resistance 317.
• the controller 319 may include a microcontroller.
• a current flowing in the conductors 31 1 and 313 is generated by means of a mains supply.
• the load module 301 generates an electrical load.
• an electrical load is modulated by means of the load module.
• the flowing current is marked with I.
• a magnetic field B forms around the line 307.
• the magnetic field may preferably also be measured by means of a Hall sensor, an AMR sensor, a GMR sensor or other integrated sensors which may be rotatable in their z-axis.
• a surface of the coil changes perpendicularly through the magnetic field.
• a vertex in which a turning to the left and to the right leads to a decrease in the induced voltage, which can also be referred to as an induction voltage.
• the y-axis of the coil then points to the line 307 to be found. This makes it possible to indicate at any point in the x-axis a travel direction, in particular to the left or right, where the line to be found
• the current profile which can be, for example, pulse width modulated and / or frequency modulated and / or may have a digital signature, signal processing is known, can be detected on the modulation. If the induced voltage is measured, then the course of the B-field can be determined by calculation and thus on the current flowing in the line 307. As a result, a uniqueness of the detection of the line 307 is ensured in an advantageous manner.
• FIG. 4a shows a side view of an embodiment of a coil 401 which can be used in a detector according to the invention.
• the coil 401 has an initial contact 403a and an end contact 403b, at which an induction voltage in the coil 401 can be measured.
• 4b shows a plan view of the coil 401 from FIG. 4a.
• FIGS. 4a and 4b diagrammatically each show a detector housing 405 comprising coil arrangements comprising one or more coils 401 from FIGS. 4a and 4b, wherein, for the sake of clarity, the starting contact 403a and the end contact 403b are not shown.
• the coil 401 may also be referred to as a sensor.
• the detector housing 405 has a coil 401 which is fixedly arranged in the detector housing 405. That is, in particular, that the coil 401 can not rotate about a spatial axis.
• the coil 401 or sensor can measure the B field only in one place. By means of spatial displacement or method, the maximum B field can be found via the line 307.
• the detector housing 405 on a coil 401 which is rotatably mounted about its z-axis. Thereby, it can be detected whether the magnetic field left or right relative to the lead 307 is larger. In particular, a direction can be displayed in which the line 307 is located.
• Both detector housings 405 in FIGS. 4c and 4d each have only one coil 401.
• the coils 401 may also be referred to as a single sensor in this case.
• the detector housing 405 has three coils 401 arranged parallel to each other, which are each arranged stationary. With this coil arrangement, it can in particular advantageously be detected whether the magnetic field to the right or left relative to the line 307 is larger or smaller. In particular, a direction can be displayed in which the line 307 is located.
• the detector housing 405 has three coils or sensors 401. Two of the three coils 401 have a different orientation in their z-axis than the third coil. That is, the two coils are rotated about their z-axis with respect to the third coil. As a result, a receiving lobe is changed in an advantageous manner.
• the three coils 405 are arranged in parallel with their respective z-axis, with a rotation about the z-axis being different.
• the two outer coils are twisted with respect to the middle coil. With this coil arrangement, it can in particular advantageously be detected whether the magnetic field to the right or left relative to the line 307 is larger or smaller. In particular, a direction can be displayed in which the line 307 is located.
• the detector housing 405 four coils 401 on. In each case two of the four coils 401 are arranged opposite one another in parallel. Thus, it can be detected in an advantageous manner, in particular, whether the detector housing 405 is displaced parallel or not to the line 307.
• the detector housing 405 has five coils 401.
• Four coils 401 are arranged analogously to the coil arrangement shown in Fig. 4g, wherein the fifth coil 401 is arranged centrally between the oppositely arranged parallel coil pairs.
• this coil arrangement can be detected in particular advantageously, whether the B-field left or right relative to the line 307 is larger or smaller and whether the detector housing 405 is displaced in parallel or not to the line 307.
• FIG. 4i shows the same coil arrangement as Fig. 4h, wherein in contrast to Fig. 4h, the central coil 401 is rotatably mounted in the x-axis and y-axis, in particular rotatable in the xy plane.
• FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a loading module 501 comprising a load module 503, which is designed as a controllable variable electrical resistance.
• the apply module 501 is electrically connected to an L-conductor
• the load module 503 is connected to a driver 511, which in turn is connected to a microcontroller 513.
• Microcontroller 513 can control the load module 503 via the driver 511, in particular setting a resistance value.
• the heat resistance can be modulated.
• three switches S1, S2 and S3 are provided, via which the load module 503 can be assigned an identifier, for example a number.
• the three switches S2, S2 and S3 are preferably adjustable from an outside of a load module housing (not shown) and in particular accessible.
• the modulation is preferably dependent on the assigned identifier, so that a detector can unambiguously assign the measured signals to the application module 501.
• the charging module 501 further comprises a WLAN module 515 and a Bluetooth module 517, which in particular each comprise a corresponding transmitter and receiver. By means of the WLAN module 515 and the Bluetooth 5 module 517, in particular further communication with the measuring receiver or detector is made possible, which has a corresponding WLAN module and a corresponding Bluetooth module.
• FIG. 6 shows a loading module 601 comprising a load module 603 formed as a variable resistor which, analogously to FIG. 5, is connected to a driver 605 which is controlled by means of a microcontroller 607.
• the load module 603 is connected to two electrical wires 609a and 609b and generates an electrical load due to the existing line voltage, so that an electric current I flows in the line wires 609a and 609b.
• a measuring receiver or detector 61 1 which comprises a coil 613, a voltage U M induced in the coil 613 is measured.
• Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a modulation of the current and a synchronization of the measuring receiver 611 and the loading module 601.
• o Plotted is a driving voltage U over the time t.
• U corresponds to a resistance value of the load module 603, a current value flowing in the line cores 609a and 609b can thus be set, which in turn generates a corresponding magnetic field.
• the transmission begins with a start block 701, which in particular signals the beginning of a measurement to the detector 611. This is followed by an identifier block 703, which is also referred to as a "Device
• the identifier block 703 transmits a unique load module identifier so that the measurement receiver 611 can uniquely assign the detected signals to the load module 603.
• different frequencies f1, f2, f3, f4, and f5 are added to corresponding o Time intervals t1, t2, t3, t4 and t5 are modulated
• FIGS. 8a and 8b show the signals on the measuring receiver side, FIG. 8a showing measuring signals with a higher intensity, for example 70% of a measuring receiver 5, as FIG. 8b showing which measuring signals with a lower intensity, for example 30% of a measuring receiver display.
• Is applied in the respective left graph the induced voltage U M over time t.
• the respective right graph shows the Fourier transform measured spectrum from the left graph. Plotted is insofar a voltage U over a frequency f.
• the block 801 denotes the detected signals corresponding to the identification block 703.
• IM, U2, U3, U4 and U5 denote the detected signals corresponding to the modulated frequencies f1 to f5.
• the transmitted spectrum is visible and can be used for example in a level meter.
• the digital start block 701 and the identification block 703 are detected, an evaluation of the frequencies is possible and thus an indication of the receiver level.
• explicit and defined pause times of the load modulation can preferably be introduced, for example between the frequency blocks f1 to f5.
• the measuring signal which is detected during these pauses by the measuring receiver 611, which can generally also be referred to as a measuring module, can thus be used in particular as a background signal, whereby external, interfering magnetic fields can be masked out in an advantageous manner.
• an accuracy of the measuring module 611 can be increased.
• the calibration is performed once or continuously or at specific time intervals.
• FIG. 9 shows a loading module 901 comprising an induction module 903 for inducing an electrical voltage in two electrical leads (not shown).
• the loading module 901 is connected to a socket (not shown) of a room 1001a and via this socket to an existing power line.
• the room 1001a is connected to a 400V home distribution network 1005 via a fuse 1003a.
• Further fuses 1007 are connected between the home distribution network 1005 and a 20kV supply 1009. In a substation 1011, the 20kV of the feed 1009 is downshifted to 400V for the home distribution network 1005.
• the fuses 1007 are in each case connected in front of the substation 101 1.
• FIGS. 10a and 10b show two further tere rooms 1001 b and 1001 c, which are connected by means of separate fuses 1003b and 1003c to the home distribution network 1005.
• the application module 901 can detect whether a mains voltage, in particular an AC voltage, is present at the socket. By means of the induction module 903, a defined voltage to ground via the socket in the circuit of the room 1001 a is induced. If the fuses 1003a, 1003b and 1003c, which may generally be referred to as a space fuse, are closed (see Fig. 10a), then this induced voltage in the neighboring circuits of the spaces 1001b and 1001c is also detectable There is a galvanic coupling between these rooms. However, if the fuse 1003a is open, the induced voltage is detectable only in the space 1001a (see Fig. 10b).
• Fig. 1 1 shows a block diagram of a trained as induction module 1 101th
• the induction module 1 101 is connected to an L-conductor 1103 and an N-conductor 1 105 of an electrical line 1107, wherein the line 1 107 still has a PE conductor 1 109.
• the induction module 1 101 is also connected to this PE conductor 1 109 for the purpose of grounding by means of a high-resistance Topunk- tes 1102. Due to the induced voltage, an electric field forms around the electrical line 1101, which can be detected by a measuring receiver 11 1 1 or detector.
• the measuring receiver 1 11 1 comprises an electrode 1 113, which is preferably designed as a surface electrode.
• the electrode 1113 is rotatably mounted in its z-axis. A voltage applied to the electrode 11 13 due to the electric field electrical
• the detected amplified electrical voltage can then be read by a user by means of a display device 11 17.
• the detector 11 11 comprises at least one electrode 1 113, but may have several
• Electrodes which are rotatably mounted in its z-axis.
• other integrated solutions may be provided which may be rotatable in their z-axis.
• the surface of the electrode 11 13, which is perpendicular to the E field changes as a result of the rotation in the z-axis.
• the y-axis of the electrode 1 113 then points to the line 1 107 to be found.
• a direction of travel (left or right) can be indicated, where the line 1107 to be found is arranged.
• the induced voltage is known to a signal processing in the detector 1 11 1, so that it can be detected.
• the induced voltage curve is preferably modulated, preferably pulse-width-modulated, phase-modulated, frequency-modulated or in particular can have a digital signature.
• the induction voltage U2 can be generated by means of a battery 1203 with a voltage IM. Preferably, however, the induction voltage can also be generated by means of the mains supply voltage.
• the induction voltage U2 is loaded in particular only with the line capacitances and has approximately the open-circuit voltage IM of the transformer 1201. According to another embodiment it can be provided that the induction voltage is coupled in directly without a transformer.
• Fig. 13 shows in particular how the induction voltage is loaded. As already shown in Fig. 12, the induction voltage U2 is fed to the reference potential earth. All loads in the network are connected between the L-conductor 1 103 and the N-conductor 1 105.
• Typical loads are identified by reference numerals 1301a, 1301b and 1301c. These loads 1301a to 1301c can be arranged, for example, in a metallic housing 1303, which is grounded by means of the PE conductor 1109. The N conductor 1 105 and the L conductor 1 103, for example, twisted in a wall (not shown) to be laid. Then it may happen, for example, that thereby one of the conductors 1 105 and 1103 is completely hidden behind the PE conductor 1 109.
• Fig. 14 shows a special case of classical zeroing.
• classic zeroing there is no PE conductor.
• the neutral conductor 1 105 is connected to the protective contact of the socket.
• the induction module 1101 detects that U2 is loaded by the network loads 1301a to 1301c.
• an optical and / or acoustic warning signal can then be output.
• the induction module 1 101 can measure whether it is a classic nulling.
• the resistance between protective contacts and the L conductor 1103 and / or the N conductor 1 105 can be measured here.
• a primary winding current is measured.
• the supply to the protective contact disconnected and it can then, for example, a connection via a socket 1403, in particular a BNC socket, to a ground potential, for example be placed to a heater 1401.
• the switching of the protective contact to the socket 1403 can be carried out in particular by means of a further relay 1405.
• Fig. 15 shows a block diagram of the induction module 1 101 of Fig. 14.
• Re2 denotes the further relay 1405 and Re1 the relay 1305.
• AD1 denotes a detector circuit which can detect whether a mains voltage between the L-wire 1103 and the N- Head 1 105 is present.
• AD2 identifies a measuring circuit that can measure a coil current.
• a microcontroller 1501 is provided, which receives detected measurement signals by means of the circuits AD1 and AD2. That in particular, that the microcontroller 1501 receives information about the presence of a net voltage and / or the presence of a coil current.
• a driver 1503 is provided which can provide a voltage profile to be fed in.
• the transformer 1203 induces a voltage as a function of the voltage curve of the driver 1503.
• the microcontroller 1501 supplies the voltage profile to the driver 1503.
• the induction module can be assigned an identifier or identity, for example a number become.
• the relevant explanations in connection with the load module also apply analogously to the induction module.
• a parallel operation of several load modules is advantageously possible.
• the induction module can communicate with a measuring receiver.
• the relevant versions in connection with the load module apply analogously.
• AD1 detects in particular whether a mains voltage is between L and N.
• AD2 measures the coil current when Re2 is switched and if it is a classic null. If it is a classic zeroing, the winding current or coil current increases significantly and it can be detected insofar as it is a classic nulling.
• FIG. 16 shows a loading module 1601 comprising an induction module 1603 which is connected to three conductor wires, PE conductor 1605, N conductor 1607, L conductor
• the induction module 1603 may be, for example, the induction module 1 101.
• FIG. 16 also shows a measuring receiver 1611 or detector for detecting an E-field. It may preferably be at the detector 161 1 to the detector 11 11.
• the induction module 1603 induces an electric voltage in the N conductor 1607 and the L conductor 1609, so that an electric field is formed around the conductor wires 1605, 1607 and 1609.
• the detector 1611 detects this E-field by measuring a voltage U ind induced in one or more coils.
• Fig. 17 shows an embodiment of a modulation of the voltage and a
• the transmission begins with a start block 1701, which in particular signals the detector 1611 the beginning of a measurement.
• This is followed by an identification block 1703, which may also be referred to as a "device name block.”
• the identification block 1703 transmits a clear induction module identifier so that the measurement receiver 161 1 can unambiguously assign the detected signals to the induction module 1603.
• FIGS. 18a and 18b show the signals on the measuring receiver side, FIG. 18a showing measuring signals with a higher intensity, for example 70% of a measuring receiver display, than FIG. 8b showing measuring signals with a lower intensity, for example 30% of a measuring receiver display.
• Plotted in the respective left graph is the induced voltage U ind over time t.
• the respective right graph shows the Fourier transform measured spectrum from the left graph. Plotted is insofar a voltage U over a frequency f.
• the block 801 designates the detected signals corresponding to the identification block 703.
• IM, U2, U3, U4 and U5 denote the detected signals corresponding to the modulated frequencies f1 to f5.
• the transmitted spectrum is visible and can be used for example in a level meter.
• the digital start block 1701 and the identification block 1703 are detected, an evaluation of the frequencies is possible and thus an indication of the receiver level.
• explicit and defined pause times of the voltage modulation can preferably be introduced, for example between the frequency blocks f1 to f5.
• the measurement signal which is detected during these pauses by the measurement receiver 161 1, which can generally also be referred to as a measurement module, can thus be used in particular as a background signal, whereby external, interfering E fields can be masked out in an advantageous manner.
• an accuracy of the measuring module 161 1 can be increased.
• the calibration is performed once or continuously or at specific time intervals.
• the modulation describes the voltage profile in the case of an induction module or the current profile in the case of a load module and the type of information acquisition in the measurement receiver or detector.
• the voltage curve is generated by means of the induction module.
• the energy for this purpose is provided in particular by means of a battery or recovered from the battery.
• the current profile is generated by means of the mains supply or the mains voltage by means of the load module.
• the modulation may according to one embodiment be an amplitude, a pulse width and / or a phase modulation.
• the modulation may be performed with multiple frequencies that change sequentially or multiple frequencies that are generated at the same time.
• the modulation may also have a digital signature, so that it can be detected when using multiple load modules and / or multiple induction modules, which line (or which load module or induction module) is detected. This makes it possible in particular advantageously to distinguish adjacent lines.
• defined pulses with defined pulse widths can additionally be generated within the digital signature, in order in particular to generate conclusions about a detection level.
• a low-pass and / or a high-pass behavior of a wall can be taken into account in an advantageous manner.
• a transfer function is measurable because different frequencies experience different attenuations through the wall. It is therefore advantageously sufficient that the measuring receiver does not measure the frequency, but only a time interval to the data block "Device Name" 703 and 1703. The measuring receiver then has in particular rectifier, which are designed for the corresponding frequency.
• the modulation of a digital signature can also be realized over fixed frequencies with different burst pauses.
• a waveform of the modulation may be, for example, a sine, a rectangle, or a triangle.
• Other signal forms known to the person skilled in the art can also be used.
• a synchronization in a communication between the measuring receiver and a loading module comprising a load module and / or an induction module according to one or more of the following options.
• the modulation of the load module or the induction module is considered to be a constant value in
• Measuring module or detector stored or stored.
• a communication / synchronization can take place via the modulated load or via the modulated voltage.
• the information is transmitted unidirectionally from the admission module to the measurement module via the
• a separate unidirectional communication for example via WLAN, Bluetooth and / or ZigBee.
• the information is thus transmitted from the admission module to the measurement module via a separate communication path.
• a separate bidirectional communication takes place, for example via WLAN, Bluetooth and / or ZigBee.
• the information is thus transmitted bi-directionally between the load module or the induction module and the measuring module.
• the measuring module in particular has the option of actively controlling and / or parameterizing the load module and the induction module.
• Fig. 19 shows a loading module housing 1901 with two plug contacts
• Fig. 19 also shows an adapter 1909, which analogous to the socket 1907 also has two plug receptacles 191 1a and 1911 b, in which the contacts 1903a and 1903b can be inserted.
• a screw thread 1913 is provided, which is designed as a bulb holder.
• the screw thread 1913 may also be referred to as a bulb socket. The bulb holder 1913 can then be screwed into corresponding receptacles of lamps.
• a screw thread as an adapter thread is merely to be regarded as a possible embodiment of an adapter. It is also possible that instead of one Screw thread 1913 a clamping plug (not shown) is provided, by means of which the adapter 1909 can be inserted into a fluorescent tube socket or a halogen lamp socket.
• the adapter may preferably also comprise a clamping connection, by means of which the adapter can be connected directly to line wheels.
• FIG. 20 shows a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for detecting an electrical line comprising at least two electrical line wires.
• a first step 2001 an electrical quantity is applied to the two electrical leads, so that an electromagnetic field forms around the two conductor leads.
• a field size corresponding to the electromagnetic field is detected.
• a measuring system or detection system comprising a loading module with an induction module and / or a load module, wherein in particular a plurality of load modules and / or a plurality of induction modules may be provided, and a measuring receiver, wherein preferably also a plurality of measuring receivers or detectors may be provided, and a corresponding method for the detection of an electrical line specified ben.
• the induction module is in this case connected in particular to the line to be searched for and induces a voltage with a defined course in it.
• the measurement receiver which is moved over the wall, measures the E field of the induced voltage waveforms. Analogously, the load module impresses a current with a defined course.
• the measuring receiver which is moved over the wall, measures the magnetic field resulting from the current flow.
• the E-field can also be measured, preferably when the load module generates currents that are high-frequency. Due to the variable parameters of the admission module, it is advantageously possible to minimize the influence of, for example, wall moisture by means of suitable frequency selection.
• the invention further offers the advantage that it can generally be used in locating devices which have the task of detecting electrical lines.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Geophysics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
• Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
• Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-10-04 DE DE201010041936 patent/DE102010041936A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-08-22 CN CN2011800483092A patent/CN103140774A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-08-22 EP EP11761297.8A patent/EP2625550A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-08-22 WO PCT/EP2011/064343 patent/WO2012045516A2/de active Application Filing

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