EP2625137A1 - Method for providing and using an alcohol and use of the alcohol for increasing the efficiency and performance of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for providing and using a storable and transportable, alcohol-containing cooling liquid (108) with the following steps: providing (52) a gas with a carbon dioxide fraction as a carbon supplier, providing a hydrogen fraction, providing a feedstock (AS), which comprises the carbon dioxide fraction and the hydrogen fraction, introducing the feedstock (AS) into a reactor, sending the feedstock (AS) through a reaction section of the reactor, which is at least partially provided with a catalyst in order to synthesize the cooling liquid (108) there on a synthetic basis, providing the cooling liquid (108) at an output end of the reactor, the cooling liquid (108) being a mixture (108) of alcohol and water, using the cooling liquid (108) upstream of and/or in an internal combustion engine (62), which is charged with a fuel, the cooling liquid (108) being used to cool the intake air, compressor air and/or fuel-air mixture of the internal combustion engine (62) by evaporating the cooling liquid (108).

Description

 Method for providing and inserting an alcohol and

 Use of the alcohol to increase the efficiency and performance of an internal combustion engine

The present application relates to methods for providing and inserting an alcohol. It is also about the use of alcohol to increase the efficiency and performance of a

Internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine.

In particular, it is about methanol mixtures.

The present application claims the priority of

International Patent Application PCT / EP2010 / 064948, filed on October 6, 2010, under the title "METHOD AND APPENDIX TO THE SYNTHESIS OF

HYDROCARBONS "was submitted.

The present application also claims the priority of European Provisional Patent Application EP11152947.5, filed on Feb. 1, 2011, under the title "PROCESS FOR PROVISION AND USE OF ALCOHOL AND USE OF ALCOHOL TO INCREASE PERFORMANCE OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE." The present application also claims the priority of

European Patent Application EP11155310.3 filed on Feb. 22, 2011 under the title "Method of Providing and Deploying an Alcohol and Using the Alcohol to Boost Efficiency and Performance of an Internal Combustion Engine".

Carbon dioxide C0 ₂ (usually called carbon dioxide) is a

chemical compound of carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas. It is a natural component of the air with a low concentration and is formed in living beings in cell respiration, but also in the combustion of carbonaceous substances with sufficient

Presence of oxygen. Since the beginning of industrialization, the C0 ₂ share in the atmosphere has increased significantly. The main reason for this is the

Man-made - so-called anthropogenic - C0 ₂ emissions. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs part of the heat radiation. This property makes carbon dioxide a so-called greenhouse gas (GHG) and one of the contributors to the global greenhouse effect.

For these and other reasons is currently in

researched and developed a wide range of research in order to find a way to reduce anthropogenic C0 ₂ emissions. Especially in the

In connection with energy production, which is often caused by the burning of fossil energy sources, such as coal, oil or gas, but also with other combustion processes, such as waste incineration, there is a great need for the reduction of C0 ₂ emissions. More than 20 billion tonnes of CO ₂ are released into the atmosphere through such processes every year.

It is considered a problem that arises in the combustion of fossil fuels C0 ₂ . In addition, the fossil resources that are finite are irrevocably consumed. In particular, mobility is associated with greater emissions. Therefore, research is being conducted in a variety of directions to reduce the consumption of vehicles or to develop vehicles powered entirely by regenerative forms of energy. It is known that the intake air or the fuel-air mixture can be cooled before compression in the intake system of an internal combustion engine. This leads to increase the density of the gas and thus to increase the mass flow through the machine and the ability to burn more fuel in the increased air mass, and thus to

Increase in specific performance.

The work process and thus the combustion in

Combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine start at a lower temperature. At (due to the thermal load) given

Final combustion temperature (especially in gas turbines due to the

 Blade strength) can also be supplied with more heat at the beginning of combustion with lower temperature, which in turn leads to an increase in specific power. Prior art is in almost all modern diesel engines and many gasoline engines, the pre-compression of the combustion air or the fuel-air mixture before the combustion chamber with a special compressor (also called loader or compressor) from the already mentioned Establish. Usual for the use of a radial compressor today, which is driven by a radial exhaust gas turbine (called exhaust gas turbocharger). Radial compressor and radial exhaust gas turbine are arranged on a common shaft. By this compression, the gas is heated, respectively, the charge air, polytropically and according to the prior art with a z. B. recooled by outside air cooled heat exchanger (called intercooler or intercooler) back to increase power and efficiency of the engine.

The higher specific power of the machine with otherwise constant losses leads in addition to increasing the efficiency, which is used for example in internal combustion engines by downsizing the machine ("downsizing").

The intercooler causes construction costs with corresponding costs and space requirements and because of its flow resistance

(Pressure loss) also losses in terms of performance and efficiency. It is also known that can be cooled by the injection of water or water-alcohol mixtures, the intake air or the fuel-air mixture of an engine both before the compression in the intake and after the pre-compression instead of Intercooler or after the intercooler. By injecting such a liquid in the intake air or in the fuel-air mixture performance and efficiency gains can be achieved without pressure loss. That's because the water or the water-alcohol mixture vaporizes and it's up to it

Heat of evaporation cools the intake air or the fuel-air mixture.

If this liquid is flammable, as is the case with a water-alcohol mixture, it takes part in the subsequent combustion process in the internal combustion engine with delivery of additional mechanical power.

You can achieve different effects depending on the design of the corresponding units of such an internal combustion engine and depending on the use of water or water-alcohol mixtures. For example, the total power and the internal cooling of the

Internal combustion engine to be increased. This will, for example, the

Downsizing the internal combustion engine allows, which can contribute to reducing losses and also to reducing emissions.

If alcohol is used, then burns this alcohol along with the fuel (primary fuel) in the

Internal combustion engine. However, if the alcohol is derived from fossil fuels, burning the alcohol will result in additional CO ₂ emissions. It is therefore investigated whether and to what extent alcohol can be generated from biogenic resources and used in vehicle engines. The use of C0 ₂ -neutralem alcohol would reduce the climate-effective C0 ₂ emissions of the vehicle engine. The main focus here is on methanol, ethanol and butanol. Unfortunately, the production of C0 ₂ neutral alcohol has several other disadvantages. So stands for example the Production of these alcohols is often in direct competition with food production, or the cost of C0 ₂ neutral alcohol is significantly higher than the cost of fossil fuels.

Other alternative alcohol-based fuels are often more expensive than the fossil fuels. This is partly due to the fact that all costs, including environmental costs, are included in the production of C0 ₂ neutral alcohol, whereas today fossil fuels are still without real costs

Consideration of the so-called external costs are offered.

Methanol is a particularly advantageous alcohol because it is the simplest alcohol that exists. However, methanol has so far been produced in most cases from fossil fuels, for example from natural gas. Numerous methods and reactors for producing methanol are known. In the following, corresponding exemplary patent applications and patents are mentioned:

 EP 0 790 226 B1;

 - WO 2010/037441 AI;

 - EP 4 483 919 A2. There is a need for the provision of an alcohol-water mixture, on the one hand as

Coolant is suitable and on the other hand C0 ₂ -neutral and low in the production. In addition, the alcohol should not with the

Food production in competition.

It is now the task of developing a corresponding method for providing an alcohol-containing cooling liquid, which is ecologically and economically sensible. The cooling liquid should optimally be suitable for cooling the intake air or the fuel-air mixture of an internal combustion engine (for example of a car or marine engine).

According to the invention, therefore, a new process chain

proposed to provide and consume a

storable and transportable alcoholic coolant goes.

The method comprises the following steps: - providing a gas containing carbon dioxide (C0 ₂ ) as a carbon source,

Providing a hydrogen portion (H ₂ ),

 - Providing a starting material, the carbon dioxide content and

 Comprises hydrogen,

Introducing the starting material into a reactor,

 Passing through the starting material through a reaction zone of the reactor which is at least partially equipped with a catalyst in order to synthesize the alcohol-containing cooling liquid in a synthesis catalytic process,

- Providing the alcohol-containing cooling liquid at an output end of the reactor, said cooling liquid is a mixture of a

 Alcohol content and a water content,

 - Inserting this alcoholic coolant in one

 Internal combustion engine, which is charged with air or a fuel-air mixture, wherein the air or the fuel-air mixture through

 Evaporation of the alcoholic cooling liquid is (pre-) cooled.

In particular, this is about heat engines with internal combustion, that is, it is about internal combustion engines that suck in air or a fuel-air mixture in gaseous form, compress and after compression this working medium heat by combustion within the working fluid. Such internal combustion engines are gasoline and diesel engines and open gas turbines. Thus, the invention is preferably applicable to gasoline engines, diesel engines and open gas turbines.

The invention deliberately uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen as starting materials, since the carbon dioxide can be "recycled" in this way and can serve as a carbon source

generates regenerative energy and the carbon dioxide is recovered from waste gases or produced from biomass, the alcoholic liquid, which is synthesized from these starting materials by catalytic means, as C0 ₂ -neutral considered. In addition, this way has the advantage that he z. B. provides a methanol-water mixture in the synthesis of methanol, which is suitable directly for Ansaugkühlen or intermediate cooling. The composition of alcoholic From a chemical-physical point of view, liquid is ideal for use as a fluid for

Intake cooling or intermediate cooling to be used, and it is characterized by the fact that it also benefits from an environmental point of view. In particular, when it comes to the intermediate cooling of a diesel engine, a mixed operation, on the one hand diesel fuel and

on the other hand, as a coolant pure alcohol (which behaves similar gasoline when burning) is used, adversely affect the life of the diesel engine. Therefore, especially in these cases, the use of a cooling liquid is advantageous, which consists in addition to methanol in half to two-thirds of water.

Unlike in previous methanol production process, the product of the methanol synthesis process, consisting of methanol and water, can be considered and used directly as a cooling liquid here. It takes no further energy to distill the product of the synthesis process. The energy expenditure for distillation, which is typically operated to obtain pure alcohol, leads to an increase in the cost of the alcohol. According to the invention, the directly produced alcohol-water mixture is used for intermediate cooling or suction cooling, which is provided by the catalytic synthesis of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Among other things, the method differs from the prior art in that no fossil raw materials, such as methane gas, are used to produce the alcohol. In addition, the process according to the invention leads the way via the catalytic synthesis of carbon dioxide and hydrogen instead of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Namely, the catalytic synthesis of carbon dioxide and hydrogen already provides a nearly ideal composition of the product as a cooling liquid, as already described. The direct synthesis product of the catalytic synthesis, which is referred to herein as alcohol-containing cooling liquid, is used for Ansaugkühlung or intermediate cooling.

According to the invention H ₂ - and C0 ₂ -containing synthesis gas is efficient and economically useful to an alcohol-containing cooling liquid, for example Methanol and / or ethanol, reacted.

According to the invention, carbon dioxide is used as carbon source

used. The carbon dioxide is reacted with the hydrogen peroxide portion in the presence of a catalyst to react these gases to a cooling liquid, preferably a water-alcohol mixture, and more preferably a methanol-water mixture.

Preferably, carbon dioxide is removed from a combustion process or an oxidation process of carbon or hydrocarbons by C0 ₂ separation. C0 ₂ can be provided, for example, via a pipeline or even in steel cylinders or tanks. But it can also be carbon dioxide from a vehicle, such as a ship, used.

The hydrogen can via a pipeline or in

Steel bottles or tanks are provided. Preferably, the

Hydrogen, however, produced locally by means of electrolysis of water. Alternatively, the hydrogen may also be replaced by a reduction reaction of water

elemental silicon or another elemental metal are produced.

Carbon dioxide as a carbon source can be removed according to the invention also from raw natural gas, which depending on the natural gas source over 10%

Can have carbon dioxide content. Carbon dioxide can also from industrial processes, eg. B. lime burning or calcination to soda, come.

The inventive method for providing the

Coolant is controlled and the individual processes become like that

"linked together" with each other

- the total yield and the quality of the coolant ideal for the

 Purpose is,

- and / or the C0 ₂ (total) emission is as minimal as possible,

- and / or a constant and long-term plant utilization is achieved, - And / or the product-specific investment and operating costs are minimized.

Preferably, regenerative electrical energy is used to provide the cooling liquid.

With a corresponding system, a methanol-water mixture is preferably prepared as a storage and transportable cooling liquid. That is, the renewable energies are chemically transferred into a non-critical and relatively easy storage and transportable cooling liquid.

The production of the cooling liquid as a relatively simple storage and transportable mixture can shut down at any time or even

to be interrupted. The procedural equipment parts for the preparation of the mixture can be relatively easily and quickly shut down or shut down or operated as a function of the grid frequency. Here, the decision - making authority is the responsibility of the

Operator of the plant. This results in the possibility of involving the system in the stabilization and / or frequency control of the electrical grid.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are based on hydrogen generation by means of electrical energy, which is regeneratively generated as far as possible, and e.g. from wind, water, geothermal and / or

Solar power plants comes. Hydrogen, e.g. produced locally by electrolysis or by the use of elemental silicon or other metals, so does not need to be stored or highly compressed or liquefied refrigerated and transported over long distances, but serves as

Intermediate, which is preferably supplied at the location of its production directly or in a timely manner of the aforementioned reaction to produce the cooling liquid.

An energy conversion process in which regenerative energy is converted into electrical energy, depending on the embodiment of Invention, for example, material-converting (chemical) processes, namely the intermediary provision of hydrogen and the conversion of hydrogen together with the carbon dioxide to the alcohol-containing cooling liquid, preferably a cooling liquid containing methanol.

However, according to the invention, the corresponding alcohol-water mixture can also be produced from fossil and regenerative energy using an intelligent energy mix (as described, for example, in international patent application WO2010069622A1).

[00040] In consideration of corresponding energy-technical,

According to the invention, a new, energy-technically relevant method and a corresponding use are provided according to the invention in terms of plant technology and economic requirements, together with the demand for careful use of all material, energy and economic resources.

It is considered as an advantage of the invention that lowering the average combustion temperature of an internal combustion engine leads to a reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.

It is also an advantage of the invention that a cooling of the

Working medium during compaction to increase specific

Performance and efficiency of the internal combustion engine leads. Apparatively / constructively, cooling during densification is best realized in multi-stage compaction, e.g. at a two-stage

Compression of the working medium of the internal combustion engine by

Charger / compressor and piston in the cylinder or gas turbines with low and high pressure compressor. The cooling between individual compression stages, which is referred to here as intermediate cooling, in addition to the reduction of the compression work also lead to the above-mentioned advantages, which are related to the increase in the density of the working fluid in the subsequent stages and the temperature reduction of the start of combustion.

This results in increases in performance and efficiency and a reduction in NOx emissions. According to the invention, a carbon dioxide gas serves as

Carbon supplier for the production of alcoholic coolant. According to the invention, a gaseous starting material is provided which comprises carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas. So that this gaseous starting material is as homogeneous as possible, he is

 - Mixed in a gas mixer in the correct stoichiometric mixing ratio before it is introduced into the reactor, and / or

 - By the use of a ring line, which is upstream of the reactor, evenly distributed to individual reactor tubes of the reactor.

Alternatively, the starting material

 - Mixed in a gas mixer in the correct stoichiometric mixing ratio before it is introduced into the reactor, and

 - By the use of an antechamber, which is upstream of the reactor, evenly distributed to individual reactor tubes of the reactor. The antechamber serves as a buffer or collector and prevents stratification in the incoming gas stream into the reactor.

The uniform distribution of the starting material at the inlet and flow through the reactor's individual reactor tubes is important.

Preferably, the reactor of the invention is in all

Embodiment a plurality of bundled arranged reactor elements, wherein each of the reactor elements 2 or 3 parallel to each other

Reactor tubes includes. These reactor tubes are interconnected by deflecting elements and result in a total folded reactor section. This form of arrangement is particularly advantageous because it allows a small and compact design, for example, in portable applications or z. B. can be used in ships.

It is therefore in the invention to the cooling of a working medium, ie it is in particular to methods and devices for Ansaugkühlung and intermediate cooling of an internal combustion engine. Further advantageous embodiments are the description, the Figures and the dependent claims.

In the drawings, various aspects of the invention are shown schematically. shows a diagram showing the basic steps of the method, according to one of the above-mentioned international

 Patent applications, respectively, a corresponding Silicon-Fire system reproduces;

 shows a diagram representing the basic steps of the method according to the invention, or a corresponding Silicon-Fire plant;

 shows a side external view of a reactor which can be used in a method according to the invention; shows a highly schematic view of an overall method according to the invention;

 shows a schematic view of an apparatus comprising a compressor with intermediate cooling;

 shows a schematic view of an apparatus comprising a compressor, a heat conversion plant, two tanks and a microreactor;

 shows a side sectional view (along the section line A-A in FIG

7B) of a reactor according to the invention;

 shows a plan view of the reactor of Fig. 7A;

shows a side elevational view of the reactor of Fig. 7A; shows a plan view of a reactor according to Fig. 7A, wherein the two upper ring lines are indicated together with supply lines in a schematic form. The term cooling liquid is used here for liquid mixtures which can be used directly for the intake and / or intermediate cooling. This is in particular methanol-water or ethanol-water mixtures 108, or to methanol or ethanol-containing coolant. Methanol-ethanol-water mixtures 108 may also be used in all embodiments. The term mixture 108 is used herein because the product provided at the outlet 23 of a reactor 10 is not one hundred percent alcohol. It is rather a so-called physical mixture of methanol and water, ethanol and water, or methanol, ethanol and water. The following examples refer to methanol-water mixtures 108, but may also be applied to the other mentioned mixtures 108. The methanol and ethanol preferably originate from different reactors or plants and can then be brought together to form a methanol-ethanol-water mixture 108.

The term internal combustion engine 62 is used herein for internal combustion engines, i. used for gasoline engines, diesel engines and (open) gas turbines.

1 shows a schematic block diagram of the most important building blocks / components, or method steps, of a silicon-fire installation 100 according to one of the international patent applications mentioned above. This plant 100 is designed to carry out a method of providing storable and transportable alcohol-containing cooling liquid 108. The corresponding procedure is based on the following

basic steps.

Carbon dioxide 101 is provided as a carbon source. The required for the generation of hydrogen 103 electrical

 DC energy El is produced here as far as possible by means of renewable energy technology and made available to the Silicon-Fire plant 100. Particularly suitable as a renewable energy technology are solar thermal systems 300 and

Photovoltaic systems 400 based on solar modules. It can e.g. also water or wind power or geothermal energy can be used.

1, a water electrolysis 105 is performed using the DC electric power El to produce hydrogen 103 as an intermediate. In the case of the Silicon-Fire system 100, an economically and ecologically optimal combination of regenerative power supply (eg by the systems 300 and / or 400) and conventional power supply, here represented by a part of a network 500, is preferably realized. This Silicon-Fire plant 100 therefore provides the regenerative electrical energy El largely directly according to their attack for chemical reactions (here the

Electrolysis reaction 105) to use and thus chemically bind and store. Another portion of the required energy is obtained here, for example, from the interconnected network 500. This proportion is converted into direct current (energy) E2. For this purpose, a corresponding converter 501 is used, as indicated in Fig. 1 in a schematic form. The corresponding system components or components are also referred to here as power supply system 501.

By means of a smart system controller 110 is the

Power supply of the system 100 of FIG. 1 controlled and regulated. In principle, the currently available surplus energy portion E2 is taken from the interconnected network 500, while the other energy share (here El) as far as possible from a (plant-related) solar power plant 300 and / or 400 (and / or from a wind power plant and / or from a hydroelectric power plant and / or from a geothermal power plant). This principle allows the operator of a Silicon-Fire plant 100 to include additional technical and economic parameters in the control of the plant 100. These parameters are so-called input quantities II, 12, etc., which are included in decisions by the controller 110. A part of the parameters can be specified within the controller 110 in a parameter memory 111. Another part of the parameters can come from the outside. Here, for example, price and / or availability information can be received from the operator of the interconnected network 500. By the controller 110, the inventive method can be performed in the system 100 so that the cooling liquid 108, which is provided on the output side, meets the desired requirements with respect to the mixing ratio and / or the C0 ₂ - neutrality. In Fig. 2, another system 700 is shown schematically, the can be used to carry out the inventive method. A part of this system 700 corresponds to the system 100 according to FIG. 1. Reference is therefore made to the preceding description of the corresponding elements. It is also in this system 700, as described, produced by a water electrolysis 105 high purity hydrogen 103, which is converted here, for example, to a methanol-water mixture 108. The energy in this embodiment comes wholly or largely (preferably more than 80%) from renewable energy sources 300 and / or 400 (or from other renewable energy sources).

There may be provided a number of control or signal lines, as shown by way of example shown lines 112, 113, 114 and 115. These lines 112, 113, 114 and 115 control energy or mass flows of the plant 100 or 700.

In the system controller 110 so-called software-based decision-making processes are implemented. A processor of the controller 110 executes control software and makes decisions in consideration of parameters. These decisions are translated into switching or control commands, for example, via control or control

Signal lines 112, 113, 114, 115 cause the control of energy and mass flows. By the controller 110, the process in the plant 100 can be performed so that the cooling liquid 108, which is provided on the output side, the desired requirements with respect to

Mixing ratio and / or the C0 ₂ neutrality met.

According to the invention, carbon dioxide 101 is gaseous

Carbon supplier used, as indicated in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 schematically. Preferably, the carbon dioxide 101 is from a

Combustion process or an oxidation process via C0 ₂ -Abscheidung (eg a Silicon-Fire flue gas cleaning system) taken. However, the carbon dioxide 101 can also be separated from crude gas and provided. The carbon dioxide 101 can also come from other sources. Preferably, the carbon dioxide 101 becomes ready via a pipeline, a steel bottle or a tank posed. Fig. 4 shows in schematic form that the C0 ₂ from the exhaust gases of a vehicle, for example from a ship 60, which is anchored in the harbor and whose aggregates run, can come. Furthermore, 700 shown in the plant shown in Fig. 2 electrical DC power El (the same is also true for the system in Fig. 4). The DC energy E1 is preferably generated largely regeneratively (eg by one of the plants 300 and / or 400 in FIG. The

DC energy E1 is used in the illustrated plant 700 to perform a water electrolysis to produce hydrogen 103 as an intermediate. The electrolysis plant, or the carrying out of such an electrolysis, is identified in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 by the reference symbol 105. The carbon dioxide 101 is combined with the hydrogen 103. The corresponding gas is referred to herein as the starting material AS. The starting material AS is brought to the reaction (methanol synthesis in a reactor 10, as shown for example in Fig. 3) to the gaseous (intermediate) products 101, 103 z. B. to a methanol-water mixture 108 implement. The reaction is carried out in the reactor 10. The removal, respectively the provision of the methanol-water mixture 108, in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG

Reference numeral 107 marked.

[00064] The following are more basic details of the

inventive method and the corresponding silicone fire plant 700 described.

In order to produce hydrogen 103 as an intermediate, a water electrolysis using DC El is suitable. The required hydrogen 103 is produced in an electrolysis plant 105 by the electrolysis of water H ₂ O according to the following equation:

H ₂ 0 - 286.02 kJ = H ₂ + 0.5 0 ₂ . (Reaction 1)

The required (electrical) energy El for this reaction of 286.02 kJ / mol corresponds to 143010 kJ per kg of H ₂ . The synthesis of the methanol-water mixture 108 (CH ₃ OH) can be carried out in the reactor 10 of the Silicon-Fire plant 700 after the exothermic reaction between carbon dioxide 101 (C0 ₂ ) and hydrogen 103 (H ₂ ) as follows: C0 ₂ + 3 H ₂ = CH ₃ OH + H ₂ 0 - 49.6 kJ (methanol-water mixture, vapor)

 (Reaction 2)

The resulting heat of reaction of 49.6 kJ / mol = 1550 kJ per kg of methanol = 0.43 kWh per kg of methanol 108 is from the corresponding

Discharged reactor 10. For this purpose, the reactor 10 comprises a fluid space 14 (see, e.g., Fig. 3 or 7A), i. the reactor 10 is surrounded by a reactor jacket and cooled by a fluid (preferably water).

Typical synthesis conditions in the synthesis reactor 10 are about 50 to 80 bar and about 270 ° C. The heat of reaction may e.g. to others

Plant elements "passed".

The methanol-water synthesis is carried out according to the invention using a catalyst 60 to keep reaction temperature, reaction pressure and reaction time compared to other methods low and to ensure that the reaction product is a liquid methanol-water mixture 108th arises, which is suitable as a cooling liquid.

If the Silicon-Fire plant 700 is near a C0 ₂ source (eg, a ship 60, as shown in Fig. 4), liquefaction of C0 ₂ for transport may be eliminated. Otherwise, it is relatively easy according to the prior art to liquefy the C0 ₂ and also over large

To bring distances to a Silicon-Fire plant 700. In the absence of liquefaction and, if necessary, storage and transport over a longer distance, the C0 ₂ , taking account of C0 ₂ avoidance credits, is in many cases available at zero cost. Even in the case of transport, the cost of "acquiring" the C0 _{2 are} relatively low.

In Fig. 2 is indicated by the dashed arrow 112, which starts from the controller 110 that the controller 110 controls the energy flow El. The arrow 112 represents a control or signal line. Other possible control or signal lines 113, 114 are also shown. The control or signal line 113, for example, controls the amount of CO ₂ available for the reaction 106. If, for example, less hydrogen 103 is produced, then proportionally less C0 ₂ must also be supplied. The optional control or signal line 114 may regulate, for example, the amount of H ₂ . Such a regulation makes sense if there is a hydrogen buffer, which can be taken from hydrogen 103, even if no at the moment

Hydrogen or less hydrogen is produced by electrolysis 105 (or by the use of elemental silicon or metal).

Investigations have shown that it makes particularly economic and environmental sense if the silicone fire system 100 or 700 designed or controlled so that between 15% and 40% of the methanol-water mixture 108 are generated from renewable energy while additional methanol-water mixture is provided for 100% supplementation of other hydrocarbons (eg from methane gas).

Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the operating concept of the system 100 or 700, which provides the reference of low-cost electrical energy in the low load periods from a network 500 (as shown in Fig. 1).

The methanol-water mixture 108 is, as already described, synthesized using a starting material AS, the C0 ₂ gas 101 and hydrogen gas 103 contains. The corresponding reactor 10 comprises a

Reactor element or preferably a plurality of mutually parallel reactor elements 15. m, as described below. At the reactor 10, there is at least one gas inlet 21 for the starting material AS and a

Product outlet 23, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 3, 7A, 7B, 7C and 8.

Details of a particularly preferred embodiment of a reactor 10 for the synthesis of the methanol-water mixture 108 is shown in FIG. 3. The statements made in the international patent application

PCT / EP2010 / 064948, filed Oct. 6, 2010, for the synthesis of Methanol 108 can also be transferred to the synthesis of other liquid hydrocarbons.

Details of a particularly preferred embodiment according to the international patent application PCT / EP2010 / 064948 are shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C. The reactor 10 was specially developed and optimized according to the task. The reactor 10 here comprises a bundle of (e.g.

m = 20) reactor elements 15.1 - 15. m. In the concrete example shown, the reactor 10 comprises an internal bundle with 8 reactor elements 15.m and external bundle with 12 reactor elements 15.m (i.e., m = 20). To the

7A to 7C are not disturbed by an excessive number of reference lines and reference marks, only a portion of the elements have been provided with reference lines and reference marks. Two reactor elements 15.1 and 15.m of the outer bundle are designated in FIG. 7A by reference numerals. The internal bundle is not visible because it is obscured by the reactor elements 15 .m of the outer bundle. Each reactor element 15.m preferably comprises in all embodiments at least n = 2 reactor tubes 20.n (n here is an integer greater than or equal to 2). In the embodiment shown in Figures 7A-7C and 8, each reactor element has 15. m n = 3

Reaktorröhren 20.1, 20.2 and 20.3 (see Fig. 7A). In such an arrangement, which at n = 3 reactor tubes 20.1, 20.2 and 20.3 per reactor element 15. m always two deflecting elements 30.1 and 30.2 (here two 180-degree deflectors), there results a constellation in which the gas inlet 21 for the

Starting material AS is located at the upper end of the reactor 10 (as shown in Figs. 7A, 7C and 8) and the product outlet 23 at the lower end of the reactor 10 (as shown in Figs. 7A, 7B and 7C).

The reactor 10 preferably comprises a fluid space 14, which here has a cylindrical shape. The fluid space 14 surrounds the entire bundle of reactor elements 15. m, with only the upper and lower ends of the

Reactor elements 15m protrude out of fluid space 14 (as shown in Figs. 7A, 7B, 7C and 8). First and second filling openings 24.1, 24.2 and the inlet-side gas inlets 21 and the outlet-side product outlets 23 are located outside the fluid space 14. The fluid space 14 serves in a preferred operation of the reactor 10 to an isothermal environment create. For this purpose, a fluid (eg water or gas) can pass through a fluid supply 16 into the fluid space 14. A fluid discharge 17 is provided on the fluid space 14 to remove the fluid. Depending on the situation can be cooled or heated. Emptying openings 25.1, 25.2 (see eg FIG. 7A) are preferably also located outside the fluid space 14.

The advantage of an odd number n (here with n = 3) is that the inlet side and the outlet side at opposite ends of the

Reactor elements are 15 m. This gives room for placing a common input header or manifold 11.1, 11.2 (e.g., in the form of a loop as shown in Figure 8) on one side and for placing the product outlet (s) 23 on the other side.

In all embodiments, the reactor 10 preferably comprises two upper input collectors or distributors 11.1, 11.2 in the form of an inner ring line 11.2 and an outer ring line 11.1, as shown in FIG. The outer upper ring pipe 11.1 has a radius which is chosen so that the gas inlets 21 of the outer bundle can all be uniformly fed from the outer upper ring pipe 11.1 with the starting material AS. At the first upper ring line 11.1 may preferably be provided a first supply line 12.1. The inner upper ring pipe 11.2 has a radius which is chosen such that the gas inlets 21 of the inner bundle can all be uniformly charged by the inner upper ring pipe 11.2 with the starting material AS. On the inner upper ring pipe 11.2 may preferably be provided a second supply line 12.2. However, all supply lines 21 of the inner 8 reactor elements 15. M and the outer 12 reactor elements 15. M can also be charged by a common loop which serves as a collector or distributor. But it can also all inner reactor elements 15 m and outer reactor elements 15 m in all embodiments by a common vestibule (not shown in the figures), which serves as a buffer for

Uniform distribution of the gas AS serves to be charged from above.

In Fig. 7B, the top view of the reactor 10 is shown. One can recognize that the gas inlets 21 of the outer bundle facing radially outward. They all end at a common first radius. The gas inlets 21 of the inner bundle face obliquely outwards and all end at a common second radius, which is smaller than the first radius. This type of alignment and arrangement of the gas inlets 21 allows two loops

Provide 11.1 and 11.2, as indicated schematically in Fig. 8. The first upper ring pipe 11.1 has a radius corresponding to the first radius so that the gas inlets 21 of the outer bundle can all be uniformly fed from the first upper ring pipe 11.1 with the starting material AS. At the first upper ring line 11.1 may preferably be provided a first supply line 12.1. A second upper ring pipe 11.2 has a radius which corresponds to the second radius so that the gas inlets 21 of the inner bundle can all be fed uniformly from the second upper ring pipe 11.2 with the starting material AS. At the second upper ring line 11.2 may preferably be provided a second supply line 12.2.

[00083] It can be seen in FIGS. 7B and 8 that filling openings 24.1,

24.2 are preferably freely accessible from above to allow easy loading with catalyst and / or venting and / or purging (e.g., with inert gas).

In Fig. 7C, the reactor 10 is shown from the outside. The reference numerals are the same as in the other figures. The fluid space 14 here has an envelope diameter D (as well as in Fig. 3), the z. B. may be about 1 m. The height H of the fluid space 14 is here for example about 2.2 m. This allows reactor elements 15. M to be accommodated in the fluid space 14, one each

Total reaction distance of about 5.7 m have. The total reaction distance of about 5.7 m is composed in the illustrated preferred embodiment of three sections, since each of the reactor elements 15. m each n = 3

Reactor tubes 20.1, 20.2 and 20.3 includes.

[00085] The starting material AS is passed through, respectively

Pressing through the reactor tube (s) 20.1 - 20.3 of the reactor 10 successively to a methanol-containing mixture 108 (alcohol-containing

Called cooling liquid) reacted. On the input side of the reactor 10 is located the methanol concentration of the reaction fluid at zero and the concentration of the gaseous starting material AS at about 100%. Towards the outlet side of the reactor 10, the corresponding concentrations shift in opposite directions until at the outlet (at the product outlet 23) a methanol-containing mixture 108 having a given methanol concentration (preferably a methanol-water mixture in the ratio 1: 2) is formed.

The reactor 10 provides as crude methanol about 64% by weight (69.2% by volume) of methanol and 36% by weight (30.8% by volume) of water.

The cooling liquid 108 should particularly preferably contain between 5 and 50% by weight of methanol and the remainder water. Especially suitable is a cooling liquid 108 with about 10 to 15% by mass of methanol in order to keep the costs of the cooling liquid 108 and the load of the heat engine 62 low.

The reactor 10 or the reactor elements 15 m of the reactor 10 comprise in all embodiments a catalyst for the synthesis of the methanol-water mixture 108.

Preferably, in all embodiments, a control of the reactor 10 is employed which initially applies warm fluid to the fluid space 14 during "start up" of the reactor 10 to initiate the synthesis reaction Dissipate heat of reaction, which arises in the exothermic synthesis, and so to create an isothermal environment.

Preferably, in all embodiments, the fluid space 14 is designed so that at least the reaction sections of the reactor 10 filled with the catalyst are in the isothermal environment.

In Fig. 3, the reactor 10 is shown from the outside.

Preferably, in all embodiments of the invention, the starting material AS preheated and / or with increased pressure Feed lines introduced into the reactor 10. The pressure and the temperature depend on the type of catalyst. Preferably, the temperature is in the range between 100 and 350 ° C. The pressure is typically between 10 and 150 bar. Therefore, it can also be said that the starting material AS is preferably pressed through the reactor 10 in all embodiments under the specification of an input-side pressure of between 10 and 150 bar.

The reactor 10 is particularly suitable for the synthesis of a

regenerative methanol-water mixture 108 of carbon dioxide C0 ₂ and

Hydrogen H ₂ , which via the (endothermic) electrolysis of water with

regenerative electric energy El according to reaction 1, as already mentioned above, is generated.

H ₂ 0 - 286.02 kJ / mol = H ₂ + 0.5O ₂ . (Reaction 1)

The exothermic methanol-water synthesis (reaction 2, as already mentioned above) is represented by the empirical formula:

C0 ₂ + 3 H ₂ = CH ₃ OH + H ₂ 0-49.6 kJ (methanol gaseous). (Reaction 2)

In practice, the available

regenerative electric energy El is maximally utilized to produce the "regenerative" methanol-water mixture 108 according to reactions 1 and 2, and the optional fraction of "fossil" generated methanol becomes, according to economic and environmental objectives and constraints, up to the possible

Set maximum value, for example, after the desired specific C0 ₂ emissions of the "total" -methanol-water mixture during combustion or after

current price and the availability of natural gas or according to the "total" amount of methanol to be generated or according to the prices of the regenerative and fossil methanol shares.

It must be emphasized that in all embodiments, of course, other synthesis methods and other reactors 10 or equipment can be used and that the synthesis can be operated with regenerative energy and / or regenerative starting material AS. Prefers is the use of regenerative energy and regenerative starting materials AS.

[00097] It is particularly advantageous that the "regenerative" methanol-water mixture 108 and the "fossil" methanol-water mixture, if present, can be obtained separately in different reactors and can either be dispensed separately or after the seizure and if necessary Intermediate storage can be mixed in any proportions, so that z. B. the Silicon-Fire plant 100 pure "regenerative" methanol-water mixture 108 and pure "fossil" methanol-water mixture can deliver, but also any mixtures of both, for. B. as a regenerative coolant for the intake or

Intermediate cooling with admissible fossil content or permissible specific CO ₂ emission can be marketed.

Particularly advantageous is the use of the invention in connection with a process for methanol-water synthesis, which operates at low pressures between 10 and 150 bar (preferably at about 80 bar).

The principle of the invention can also be applied to large plants

However, it is particularly suitable for small local systems, which are installed in a sea freight container, for example.

According to the invention C0 ₂ 101 serves as starting material and

Carbon source for the methanol-water synthesis in the reactor 10. C0 ₂ sources are preferably: steam reforming plants, C0 ₂ - deposition plants for raw gas, lime kilns, calcination plants for soda, fermentation plants for bioethanol, seawater desalination plants, large combustion plants for fossil fuels (eg power plant firing),

Internal combustion engines of vehicles 60 and others

Heat engines 62 or combustion processes that emit relatively large amounts of C0 ₂ .

Depending on the synthesis reaction, it is possible, for example, to use copper-based catalysts (for example CuO catalysts) or zinc oxide catalysts (for example ZnO catalysts) or chromium oxide-zinc oxide catalysts. All other known catalysts are suitable for use in a reactor 10. Particularly suitable are fixed bed catalysts or fluid bed catalysts. The catalyst may also comprise a suitable carrier (eg carbon, silicate, aluminum (eg Al ₂ O ₃ ) or ceramic). Instead of the mentioned

"Metallic" catalysts can also be used an organic catalyst.

The catalyst preferably has a grain, ball or particle size between 1 and 10 mm in all embodiments. Particularly preferred is a grain, ball or particle size between 3 and 8 mm.

Carbon dioxide as a carbon source can be removed according to the invention also from the raw gas, which may have more than 10% carbon dioxide content depending on the natural gas source. After conveying the crude gas is already typically a gas separation (by means of

Gas scrubbing technology or other gas separation technology) to separate the C0 ₂ from the actual natural gas. Most of this C0 _{2 is} emitted into the atmosphere. According to the invention, the C0 ₂ , which is present in substantially pure form, can be used as the carbon source 101. According to the invention, the regenerative or regenerative and fossil methanol-water mixture 108 is used as a cooling liquid for suction or intermediate cooling, as indicated for example in Fig. 5.

The methanol-water mixture 108 is particularly suitable for use as an active cooling fluid in an accessory 65 (compressor) of an internal combustion engine 62, e.g. in an intercooler 65 of a vehicle 60. The term "active coolant" is intended to indicate that the alcohol component in the internal combustion engine 62 is also combusting. [000106] The compressor 65 is included as part of

Contemplate internal combustion engine 62.

The method for providing and consuming a

storable and transportable alcoholic coolant 108 thus comprises the following steps: - Providing (step 104 in Fig. 1, 2) of a gas with carbon dioxide portion (C0 ₂ ) 101 as a carbon source. The provision can be made, for example, by direct or indirect removal via a connection 52 (see FIG. 4).

- Providing a hydrogen content 103 (H ₂ ). The hydrogen portion 103 is preferably, as described, produced electrolytically from water (H ₂ 0).

 Providing a starting material AS which comprises the carbon dioxide fraction 101 and the hydrogen fraction 103.

 Introducing the starting material AS into a reactor 10 (eg as shown in FIG.

- Passing or pressing through the starting material AS by a

 Reaction path of the reactor 10, which at least partially with a

 Catalyst is equipped. In this step, in a catalytic

 Synthesis method synthesizes the alcohol-containing cooling liquid.

 - Providing the alcoholic coolant 108 at a

 output side end 23 of the reactor 10, wherein it is in the

 alcohol-containing cooling fluid 108 is a mixture of an alcohol portion (eg, methanol and / or ethanol) and a water portion.

 - Inserting this alcoholic coolant 108 in one

 Internal combustion engine 62 (e.g., in an internal combustion engine), which is charged with air or fuel-air mixture, wherein the alcoholic

Cooling liquid 108 is used to cool by evaporation of the alcohol-containing cooling liquid 108, the air or the fuel-air mixture.

The fuel may be a diesel fuel, a diesel-like fuel (e.g., bio-diesel), an Otto fuel

 Hydrocarbon gas or a specialty fuel (eg kerosene).

[000109] The recooling of the gas, respectively the charge air of the

Internal combustion engine 62, with corresponding power and

Efficiency gains and without pressure loss can by the

Introducing / injecting the cooling liquid 108 into the air or the fuel-air mixture, whereby the cooling liquid 108 evaporates and cools the air or the fuel-air mixture according to their heat of vaporization. Since the cooling liquid 108 is combustible, it takes on the following Combustion process in the heat conversion system 64 with appropriate delivery of mechanical power and / or heat part. The cooling liquid is therefore also referred to here as active cooling liquid. It is also possible for diesel engines a corresponding part of the primary fuel in the form of otherwise insufficient

Ignition properties (eg too low cetane number) not suitable for diesel engines suitable liquid energy carrier (such as ethanol or methanol) supply. Methanol-water mixtures 108 are because of their relatively high

Heat of evaporation for the said form of intake or intermediate cooling particularly suitable.

The example of a truck-diesel engine, the relations during the injection of methanol for cooling the charge air to be displayed.

[000113] Assumed parameters: Engine data of the four-stroke turbodiesel

Motors at rated power:

 Power: 220 kW

 Charge pressure (absolute): 2.4 bar

Outside air temperature: 21.0 ° C

Air temperature before compressor: 31.0 ° C

 Air temperature after compressor and before recooling: 117.0 ° C

 Air temperature after re-cooling: 40.0 ° C

 Engine efficiency: 43%

 Engine diesel fuel consumption

 (Diesel fuel mass flow): 0.0119 kg / s stoichiometric air-fuel ratio: 2

 Air to fuel mass ratio: 14.9

 Engine air consumption (air mass flow): 0.177 kg / s isobaric specific heat capacity of air: 1.0 kJ / (kg. K)

 Calorific value of diesel fuel: 43.0 MJ / kg

 Calorific value of methanol: 19.9 MJ / kg specific heat of vaporization of

Methanol (at 65 ° C): 1099 kJ / kg [000114] The following energy balance applies to the cooling of the charged air from 117 ° C. to 40 ° C. (by 77 K):

[000115] mass flow air x temperature difference air x isobaric specific heat capacity air = mass flow methanol x specific

Heat of evaporation methanol.

From this follows: mass flow methanol = 0.0124 kg / s corresponding to a calorific value of 0.0124 kg / s x 19.9 MJ / kg = 0.247 MJ / s, which replaces the corresponding diesel fuel calorific value.

The original diesel fuel calorific value stream is 0.0119 kg / s x 43 MJ / kg = 0.512 MJ / s, of which 0.247 MJ / s is replaced by methanol;

remain as diesel fuel calorific value 0.265 MJ / s or as

Diesel fuel mass flow 0.00616 kg / s.

[000118] Thus, according to the example described above by way of example

Methanol injection of the diesel fuel 52% of the total calorific value mass flow required and the methanol 48%.

The internal combustion engine 62 would thus with recooling (intermediate cooling) of the charge air to 77 K with methanol about half of the Kraftergieerg ie diesel fuel supplied as a primary fuel, which - as usual in the diesel process - according to the "injection law" in

Combustion chamber during the power stroke (at magnification of the

Combustion chamber by the piston movement) burns at about constant pressure, while the other half of the fuel energy is supplied via methanol, which - premixed in the intercooler 65 with the

Combustion air - is ignited at the moment of the first ignition of injected diesel fuel and explosively burns with a correspondingly steep pressure rise in the combustion chamber 62 of the internal combustion engine and mechanical and thermal stress on the engine components.

[000120] A not properly designed diesel engine will not be able to withstand this "mixed operation" between the gasoline and diesel process in the long term. Therefore, according to the invention, liquid 108 comprises, in addition to methanol, half to two-thirds of water, ie a mixture 108 which has been prepared in the manner described is used. In the injection / injection / admixture of the methanol-water mixture 108 for intercooling when using the method described required by EU and national regulations renewable energy content of 5.75% in the vehicle fuel in supercharged gasoline and diesel engines without addition of bioethanol or biodiesel to the fuel and exceeded.

The above-mentioned regenerative energy content of 5.75% can also be achieved in charged standard gasoline and diesel engines with intercooler by additional injection of a methanol-water mixture 108 after the charge air cooler and thereby additional cooling of the charge air.

[000123] 5.75% energy fraction in the fuel of the above-considered diesel engine with a total fuel calorific value of 0.512 MJ / s

correspond to 0.0256 MJ / s or a methanol mass flow of 0.0256 MJ / s: 19.9 MJ / kg = 0.00129 kg / s = 1.29 g / s = 4.63 kg / h.

The additional cooling of the charge air after the intercooler is due to the methanol injection 8.0 K, which leads to a significant increase in performance and efficiency of the internal combustion engine 62.

[000125] The injection of a methanol-water mixture 108 to

Intercooling opens for the widely used supercharged gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines an easy retrofittable way to exceed the currently required 5.75% renewable energy content in vehicle fuels without blending of bioethanol or biodiesel to the primary fuel far in addition thereby achieved significant increase of

Performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines 62.

[000126] In the following, further preferred aspects of a

inventive method described. It is thereby on the schematic Fig. 4 referenced.

The mixture 108 provided at the exit end 23 of the reactor 10 preferably comprises methanol as the alcohol portion. The

Mixing ratio of methanol to water is preferably in all embodiments between 5 mass% to 95 mass% and 50 mass% to 50 mass%. Thus, particularly good results are achieved in the intermediate cooling. [000128] The mixing ratio of methanol to water comprises

preferably less than 30% by weight of methanol and more than 70% by weight of water in all embodiments.

Very particularly suitable is a mixing ratio of methanol to water between 10 and 15% by mass of methanol and between 90 and 85% by mass of water.

If the water content of the mixture 108 used must be higher than the water content of the mixture 108 provided at the exit end 23 of the reactor 10 in an integrated process, the water content of the mixture 108 may be increased by adding additional water Water be subsequently increased.

Since the cooling liquid 108 comprises an alcohol content, this alcohol fraction participates in the combustion in the internal combustion engine 62 when the cooling liquid 108 is introduced into the charge air or the fuel-air mixture of the internal combustion engine 62. That is, the alcohol content of the cooling liquid 108 participates in the combustion in the internal combustion engine 62 together with the primary fuel.

Preferably, in all embodiments, the amount of the cooling liquid 108 that is used, regulated as needed.

Preferably, the cooling liquid 108 is at all

Embodiments in an intermediate step in a (second) tank 61 of a Vehicle 60 stored and removed as needed from the tank 61 of the vehicle 60 and the internal combustion engine 62 for intake or

Intermediate cooling supplied, as indicated in Fig. 4. [000134] Preferably, the method comes to

 Intake or intermediate cooling in a ship 60, a road or off-road vehicle (eg, a bus, a truck or a special vehicle), or used in an aircraft.

The invention is particularly suitable for use in a harbor, as indicated schematically in Fig. 4. A ship 60 docked at the port typically runs its generators and other aggregates to provide the ship 60 with the required power. This approach leads to very high emissions. According to the invention, a ship 60 anchored in the harbor can be equipped with a catching device for catching C0 ₂ . The removal of the C0 ₂ is schematically illustrated in Fig. 4 by the connection 52. The hydrogen can be z. Example, be prepared via an electrolysis 105 from water, as shown in Fig. 4. The gas mixture

(Starting material AS) is synthesized in a reactor (for example in a reactor 10 according to FIG. 3) in a catalytic manner to a methanol-water mixture 108. This mixture 108 may be filled into a (second) tank 61 of the vessel 60. Refueling is symbolized by a fuel pump 50 and a line 51. The combustion engine 62 (e.g., a diesel engine of the vessel 60) includes means for introducing the cooling fluid 108 into the airflow or the fuel-air mixture. By doing so, the emissions and consumption of the ship 60 can be reduced.

[000136] The intermediate cooling, as described, can also be used during compression in a gas turbine plant. Such

Gas turbine plant comprises in this case at least a first compressor

65, a combustion chamber and a turbine. The combustor together with the turbine forms a heat conversion unit 64. The first compressor 65 may be provided with intake air and / or intermediate cooling which is supplied with the alcohol-water mixture 108 as described. The alcohol-water mixture 108 may be supplied from a secondary tank 61. Among other things, the advantages of the invention can be seen in the fact that the overall efficiency and the performance of the internal combustion engine 62 can be increased by the intake and / or intercooling. The increased efficiency of the internal balance of the internal combustion engine 62 is improved because compared to the power obtained less pollutants are produced.

It is an advantage of the invention that the corresponding intake and intermediate cooling can be retrofitted.

The inventive system for intake and intermediate cooling preferably comprises in all embodiments a secondary tank 61, a device for injecting or introducing the cooling liquid 108, and means for integrating the mentioned components in a control or regulation of the combustion power plant 62nd

The inventive system for intake and intermediate cooling is thus a heat transfer system, the temperature of the machine 62 supplied medium (air or fuel-air mixture) in the intake or in the compressor 65 of an internal combustion engine 62 by injecting or introducing the cooling liquid 108th reduced.

The cooling fluid 108 can be used in a turbo engine, compressor engine or naturally aspirated engine for intake or intermediate cooling. The alcohol content of the cooling liquid 108 serves as additional fuel and

Oxygen carrier, which is a special advantage in diesel engines, for the alcohols are not suitable as a primary fuel due to low cetane number.

The method is characterized in that the cooling liquid 108 can be produced in one or more reactors 10 on board a vehicle 60 and stored in a tank 61 of the vehicle 60.

All embodiments of the invention can be used in a vehicle 60. When using the method in the vehicle 60, microreactors 10 and / or microcatalysts for the synthesis of the cooling liquid 108 are preferably used. These microreactors 10 and / or Microcatalysts are preferably thermally coupled to the internal combustion engine 62 (eg, the marine diesel engine) so as to transfer waste heat, if required, from the internal combustion engine 62 to the microreactors 10 and / or microcatalysts. According to the invention 60 so-called small chemical cycles can be realized in a vehicle, the C0 ₂ from exhaust gases with locally available energy (waste heat, wind or

Solar power, flow energy from water flow) to the

Coolant 108 to provide. Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of a device, the z. B. part of a vehicle 60 and in the example shown a compressor 65, a heat conversion plant 64 and a microreactor 10 includes.

Primary fuel (eg, marine diesel fuel) is supplied from a tank 63 to the heat conversion plant 64. CO ₂ exhaust gases (shown here as an arrow) are introduced into a microreactor 10 by the heat conversion unit 64. There, hydrogen gas is catalytically reacted with the C0 ₂ to the cooling liquid 108. The hydrogen gas can be generated by supplying DC energy El. The mixture 108 enters a tank 61. From there, the cooling liquid 108 is removed and z. B. before or in a compressor 65 for intake or intermediate cooling, as described, used.

The Ansaugkühlung and the intermediate cooling are here in an advantageous manner by the introduction of a cooling liquid (alcohol-water mixture 108) in the air or the fuel-air mixture with their

achieved subsequent evaporation, whereby the air or the fuel-air mixture is cooled by removing the heat of vaporization of the cooling liquid. This type of cooling can be realized without significant construction costs and leads to virtually no pressure loss. It has the additional advantages that the cooling to far below the ambient temperature is possible and that combustible components of the cooling liquid (alcohol-water mixture 108) participate in the subsequent combustion and thus the

corresponding proportion of the heat supply to the air or the fuel-air mixture (working medium) have. Thereby, an alcohol-water mixture 108 is a part of the fuel z. B. of diesel engines, although such Coolant 108 otherwise for diesel engines due to lack of ignition (due to the low cetane number) is not suitable.

The invention results in addition to ecological effects and sustainable cost advantages.

[000146] The method is particularly interesting for environmentally sensitive

Application segments such as local public transport, logistics companies, waste management companies, agricultural and forestry machinery, airports or construction machinery in underground mining, and other areas with high sustainability requirements.

A corresponding compressor unit 65 can at all

Embodiments be equipped with a gas guide or gas line to introduce the cooling liquid 108 in the air flow or in the fuel-air mixture.

The intake or intermediate cooling with a methanol-water mixture 108 instead of water is particularly advantageous because it is much less dependent on the moisture content of the intake air.

The method described here with an alcohol-water mixture 108 as the cooling liquid is only conditionally suitable for gas turbines in which a part of the compressor air is used as cooling air for the combustion chamber and turbine part. The ability to ignite the alcohol in the gas flow and its consequences must be taken into account.

Reference number:

 Reactor 10

 first upper ring pipe 11.1

 second upper ring pipe 11.2

 Supply lines 12.1, 12.2

 Fluid space 14

 Reactor elements 15. m

 Fluid supply 16

 Fluid removal 17

Reactor tubes 20. n / 20.1 - 20.3

Gas inlet 21

 Product outlet 23

 Befue Hope 24.1, 24.2

 Discharge opening 25.2, 25.2

Deflection elements 30.1 and 30.2

Gas station 50

 Refueling process 51

 CO 2 removal 52

Vehicle (e.g., ship) 60

 2nd tank 61

 Internal combustion engine 62

 1st tank (primary fuel tank) 63

 Heat conversion plant 64

 Compressor (optional) 65

Silicon-Fire plant 100

 Carbon dioxide 101

 Water 102

 Hydrogen 103

 Providing carbon dioxide 104

 Performing an electrolysis 105

 Dispensing / Providing Methanol 107

 transportable cooling fluid (mixture) 108

 (Plant) control 110

 Parameter memory 111

 Control or signal lines 112, 113, 114, 115

Solar thermal plant 300

 Conversion of heat into direct current 301

 Solar system (photovoltaic system) 400

 Interconnected network 500

 Conversion of AC voltage to 501

 DC (power supply system)

Silicon-Fire plant 700 Homogeneously distributed / composite AS

starting material

 DC power El

 Input quantities I I, 12, etc.

Number of reactor elements m

 Number of reactor tubes per reactor element n

 Primary energy PI, P2

Claims

claims:

A method of providing and deploying a storable and transportable alcoholic coolant (108) comprising the steps of:

 Providing (52; 104) a carbon dioxide gas (101) as

 Carbon supplier,

 Providing a hydrogen gas (103),

 - Providing a gaseous starting material (AS), the

 Comprising carbon dioxide gas (101) and hydrogen gas (103),

 Introducing the starting material (AS) into a reactor (10),

 - passing through the starting material (AS) through a reaction section (15. m;

 20. n) of the reactor (10) which is at least partially equipped with a catalyst in order to synthesize the cooling liquid (108) in a catalyst-synthetic way,

 - providing the cooling liquid (108) at an exit end (23) of the reactor (10), wherein the cooling liquid (108) is a mixture (108) of alcohol and water,

 - Inserting the cooling liquid (108) before or in one

 An internal combustion engine (62), which is supplied with a fuel, wherein the cooling liquid (108) is used to cool by evaporation of the cooling liquid (108) intake air, compressor air, charge air and / or a fuel-air mixture, which

 Internal combustion engine (62) is supplied.

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the

 Coolant (108) provided at the exit end (23) of the reactor (10) comprises methanol as the alcohol and contains between 5 and 50% by mass of methanol and the balance of water.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the

Cooling liquid (108) provided at the exit end (23) of the reactor (10) comprises methanol as the alcohol, and the Coolant (108) comprises less than 30% by mass of methanol and more than 70% by mass of water.

A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the

Water of the cooling liquid (108) used in the internal combustion engine (62) has a water content that is higher than that

Water content of the cooling liquid (108), which is provided at the output-side end (23) of the reactor (10), wherein the water content by

Feeding additional water is increased.

A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the

Alcohol of the cooling liquid (108) participates in an internal combustion in the internal combustion engine (62).

A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the

Alcohol of the cooling liquid (108) together with fuel in an internal combustion in the internal combustion engine (62) part.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the cooling liquid (108) for the purpose of

Intake and / or intermediate cooling is used.

Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the cooling liquid (108) in a compressor (65) of the internal combustion engine (62) is used for cooling.

Method according to one of the preceding claims 1-8, characterized in that

 - The amount of cooling liquid (108) used, is regulated as needed, and / or

- The cooling liquid (108) was prepared at least proportionately C0 ₂ -neutral.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the provision of the hydrogen gas (103) is done by either

a water electrolysis (105) is carried out in which the hydrogen gas (103) is produced directly from water or an aqueous solution (H ₂ O, 102), or

 - An energy carrier containing a reduced metal, preferably elemental silicon, is subjected to an oxidation reaction to produce the hydrogen gas (103) from an aqueous solution.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

 characterized in that the cooling liquid (108) is stored in an intermediate step in a tank (61) of a vehicle (60) and if necessary removed from the tank (61) of the vehicle (60) and inserted.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

 characterized in that the carbon dioxide portion (101) is taken from the exhaust gases of a combustion process.

A method according to claim 11, characterized in that it is in the vehicle (60) to

 - a ship,

 - a road or off-road vehicle, or

 - is an aircraft.

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the

 Coolant (108) in one or more reactors (10) on board a vehicle (60) and stored in a tank (61) of the vehicle (60) is cached.

Use of a cooling liquid (108) comprising alcohol and water, the alcohol using carbon dioxide gas (101) and

Hydrogen gas (103) was synthesized and provided together with the water as the cooling liquid (108) in an integrated process to in an internal combustion engine (62), which is supplied with a fuel is to cool by evaporation of the cooling liquid (108) intake air, compressor air and / or fuel-air mixture of the internal combustion engine (62). 16. Use according to claim 15, characterized in that the

 Coolant (108) stored in a tank (61) of a vehicle (60) and if necessary removed from the tank (61) and used.

17. Use according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the cooling liquid (108) is used in a turbocharged engine, compressor motor or suction motor for intake and / or intermediate cooling.