EP2624229B1 - Sensing air flow for verifying the functionality of a smoke chamber based fire detector. - Google Patents

Sensing air flow for verifying the functionality of a smoke chamber based fire detector. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2624229B1
EP2624229B1 EP12197665.8A EP12197665A EP2624229B1 EP 2624229 B1 EP2624229 B1 EP 2624229B1 EP 12197665 A EP12197665 A EP 12197665A EP 2624229 B1 EP2624229 B1 EP 2624229B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire detector
flow
flow sensor
automatic fire
measuring chamber
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Application number
EP12197665.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2624229A1 (en
Inventor
Muhammed Ali Narin
Ulrich Oppelt
Bernd Siber
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/14—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits
    • G08B29/145—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automatic fire detector for the detection of fires, with a housing, which comprises a measuring chamber for the detection of smoke particles, with a sensor for detecting a measured variable for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector and with an evaluation device for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector Basis of the measured variable.
  • Automatic fire alarms are used to detect fires and to trigger an alarm in the event of a detected fire. For the detection of the fire certain parameters, such as temperature or density of smoke particles, are measured. The measured data acquired by sensors are transmitted to a control device. The control device determines based on the transmitted measurement data an alarm triggering. Automatic fire detection systems are used in rooms or areas where protection of persons and property is sensible or regulated by law.
  • the DE 10 2009 046 556 A1 describes a fire alarm device with a verification device for checking the operational capability of the fire alarm device.
  • the fire alarm device comprises a sensor system for detecting at least one fire-specific environmental variable and a test device.
  • the checking device has a gas storage tank with a test gas, which is to simulate a fire by ejecting and checks in this way the operability of the fire alarm device.
  • a smoke detector which comprises a smoke sensor and an aspiration unit.
  • the aspiration unit causes ambient air of the smoke detector to flow into a sensor region of a sensor.
  • the publication EP 227 0762 A2 which represents the closest prior art, describes a smoke alarm device with a housing which has smoke passage openings and comprises a smoke detector and an alarm signaling device.
  • the interior of the housing is divided by a partition into two chambers. It is provided a sensor element with which the strength of a secondary air flow is measured, which depends on the degree of throttling of the smoke passage openings .
  • the invention thus relates to a fire detector for the detection of fires, in particular an automatic fire detector for the detection of fires.
  • the arrangement of the fire detector takes place, for example, in closed rooms, but also semi-closed spaces, such as warehouses or areas such as a train station are conceivable.
  • the fire detector has a housing which comprises a measuring chamber for the detection of smoke particles.
  • the measuring chamber may be, for example, an optical measuring chamber.
  • Optical measuring chambers comprise a diode which generates a light beam. The light beam of the diode is scattered in the case of smoke particles in the ambient air in the measuring chamber, wherein the scattered light strikes a sensor and this detects an increased particle concentration due to the scattered light.
  • the optical measuring chamber forms a scattered light sensor.
  • the measuring chamber has an inlet opening, so that a flow of ambient air can reach the measuring chamber. Furthermore, the measuring chamber comprises an outlet opening, from which the flow of ambient air from the inlet opening can emerge again via a flow area.
  • the flow rate of the ambient air which comprises particles and in particular smoke particles, makes it possible to detect the particle concentration in the ambient air in the measuring chamber.
  • the fire detector comprises a sensor system which serves for detecting a measured variable for evaluating the operational capability of the fire detector, and an evaluation device which evaluates, in particular evaluates, the operational capability of the fire detector on the basis of the measured variable.
  • the operational capability of the fire detector can be impaired, for example, by a closure of the measuring chamber, in particular the inlet opening of the measuring chamber, for example by dust. Also, objects that are positioned in the vicinity of the fire detector, affect a smoke inflow into the measuring chamber of the fire alarm.
  • the sensor system is coupled to the evaluation device in order to transmit the measured variables detected by the sensor system.
  • the evaluation device can carry out an evaluation of the operational capability of the fire detector.
  • the evaluation As a result of the evaluation of a lack of operational capability of the fire detector, the evaluation generates a fault message, which is transmitted for example to a fire alarm panel. Also, an optical signaling, such as a glowing LED, or an acoustic signaling can be arranged on the fire detector to give an indication of the lack of operational capability of the fire alarm.
  • the fault message can be transmitted for example via an electrical connection or via a wireless radio.
  • the sensor system comprises at least one flow sensor for detecting a flow of the ambient air as the measured variable for evaluating the operational capability of the fire detector.
  • An advantage of the invention is therefore the detection of the operational capability of the fire detector by measuring the flow state of the ambient air through the flow sensor.
  • fire alarms are to be positioned so that no objects are present in their environment which ensure a proper operational capability, ie. prevent the smoke from entering the measuring chamber of the fire detector.
  • a further advantage of the invention is consequently the reduction of the cost and time required for the visual check as to whether the arrangement of the fire detectors complies with the application standard requirements. Maintenance inspections for checking the closure of the measuring chamber can also be reduced.
  • the flow sensor is in particular designed to measure either the flow velocity directly from the flow or based on other parameters such.
  • the flow sensor may be designed as a flow sensor, in particular as an air mass meter or as an ultrasonic sensor. Also other parameters, such as temperature, which suggest the flow, are possible.
  • the advantage of flow sensors is that even the smallest flows can be detected reliably.
  • the flow sensor is designed as a micromechanical sensor, so that it can be integrated into the automatic fire detector due to the comparatively small size of the fire alarm.
  • the flow sensor is designed as a hot wire flow sensor whose operating principle is based on that cools a hot wire due to the flow.
  • the degree of cooling is a function of the flow velocity and air temperature.
  • the flow sensor is designed as an impeller anemometer, in which an impeller due to the Flow rotates, wherein the rotational speed is dependent on the flow velocity.
  • the flow sensor is designed as an internal flow sensor, which detects the internal chamber flow of ambient air in the measuring chamber as a measured variable. Since the measuring chamber has at least or exactly one inlet opening and at least or exactly one outlet opening of the measuring chamber, a constant flow of the ambient air, i. an internal chamber flow, guaranteed. If the internal flow sensor detects a flow state which indicates an insufficient flow of ambient air in the measuring chamber, the evaluation device can therefore conclude that the fire detector is unusable.
  • the internal flow sensor is particularly preferred to arrange the internal flow sensor at the inlet opening or at the outlet opening of the measuring chamber, since elements, for example for the detection of smoke particles, are already arranged in the flow area of the measuring chamber. However, it is also conceivable to arrange the internal flow sensor in the flow area of the measuring chamber.
  • the flow sensor is designed as an external flow sensor, which is arranged on the housing outside the measuring chamber or in the vicinity of the measuring chamber and / or detects the flow of ambient air outside the measuring chamber as a measured variable.
  • the external flow sensor is arranged so close to the measuring chamber in particular so that the flow measurement allows a conclusion on the internal chamber flow of the measuring chamber.
  • the housing additionally has a flow chamber with an inlet and outlet opening in which the external flow sensor is arranged in order to be able to carry out the flow measurement.
  • the evaluation device is configured to derive from the measured variable of the external flow sensor a disturbance of the air supply to the measuring chamber, to the inlet opening of the measuring chamber, to the outlet opening of the measuring chamber or evaluate in the fire detector and close to a concealment of the fire alarm.
  • the flow sensor comprises the internal and the external flow sensor.
  • the internal and external flow sensors perform flow measurements parallel to each other and transmit them to the evaluation device.
  • both a closure of the measuring chamber, as well as a covering of the fire detector can be concluded.
  • the evaluation device can have at least one parameter for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector for the evaluation device.
  • the evaluation device comprises a learning device.
  • the learning device is designed to detect flows from the internal and / or the external flow sensor over a time interval as flow data and to form at least one statistical parameter from the acquired flow data.
  • the statistical parameter here represents the at least one parameter for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector for the evaluation device.
  • the statistical parameter is formed from an average value, a frequency distribution, a maximum, a minimum or from a standard deviation of the flow data. The detection of the statistical characteristic can be done for example during the initial installation of fire detectors.
  • the evaluation device has an evaluation mode for the internal and / or external flow sensor, wherein the evaluation device is designed, in the measurement mode, the measured variable of the flow of the internal and / or the external flow sensor with a predefinable limit value or with a statistic based on the statistical characteristic Limit as the at least one parameter to compare. In case of violation of the limit, the flow rate is so low that it is concluded that the automatic fire detector is not suitable for use.
  • the state in which the flow is lower than the limit value indicates a closure of the measuring chamber.
  • the evaluation device has an evaluation mode for the internal and external flow sensor, wherein the evaluation device is designed to compare the measured variable of the flow of the internal flow sensor with the measured variable of the flow of the external flow sensor in the evaluation mode. Based on the comparison of the two measured variables, the evaluation device concludes that the automatic fire detector is unusable and generates a fault message. The comparison is based, for example, on a quotient of the two measured variables. For example, the measured variable of the external flow sensor can be divided with the measured variable of the internal flow sensor or vice versa.
  • An advantage of the combination is the common evaluation of the flow outside and inside the measuring chamber. This makes it possible to distinguish whether the flow rate through a closure of the measuring chamber due to the measured quantities is disturbed by the internal flow sensor or the flow rate is blocked by obscuring objects in the vicinity of the fire detector due to the measured quantities from the external flow sensor.
  • the evaluation device registers a change in the ratio of the two measured variables of the flow sensors on the basis of the comparison, for example based on the quotient of the two measured variables, a fault in the air supply to the measuring chamber of the fire detector can be evaluated.
  • the flow velocity is used as a measure of the flow of the internal and / or external flow sensor as an indicator of a fire.
  • the flow in or around the fire detector is affected not only by obstacles but also by temperature changes or heat sources in the vicinity of the fire detector.
  • a fire ensteht by the energetic material conversion at the fire source one Temperature increase, which is significant for an increase in convection depending on the fire.
  • An increase in the flow velocity in or at the fire detector can therefore be interpreted as a fire parameter if it exceeds a threshold value.
  • a fire situation can be inferred if the time course of the increase in the flow velocity corresponds to the development speed of typical fires.
  • the use of the measured variable of the flow sensor thus serves not only the fault detection, but in the case of a fire also the hedge against a false alarm or the more reliable or earlier decision for a fire.
  • the automatic fire detector is preferably arranged as a wall fire detector on a wall of a room or area. Particularly preferably, the automatic fire detector is arranged as a ceiling fire detector on a ceiling of a room or area to ensure a timely detection of a fire. It is also conceivable that the automatic fire detector is flush with a wall or a ceiling.
  • the measured variables are averaged over time or, in particular, filtered via a low-pass filter. This can prove to be advantageous if the flow changes significantly for short periods of time due to the environment, for example by opening a window to ventilate the environment.
  • FIG. 1 shows an automatic fire detector 1, which is designed for the detection of fires, in a two-dimensional representation as an embodiment of the invention.
  • the automatic fire detector 1 is based on the scattered light principle for the detection of particles of the ambient air in order to detect a fire.
  • the automatic fire detector 1 comprises a housing 10 which is circular in plan view of the housing 10 and on the back has a flat housing wall 17, wherein the fire detector 1 is formed as a ceiling housing.
  • the housing 10 comprises an optical measuring chamber 11.
  • the optical measuring chamber 11 comprises a diode which generates a light beam. The light beam of the diode is scattered in the case of smoke particles in the measuring chamber, wherein the scattered light hits a sensor and this detects an increased particle concentration due to the scattered light.
  • the optical measuring chamber 11 has an inlet opening 12, an outlet opening 13 and a flow area 14, the flow area 14 being arranged between the inlet opening 12 and the outlet opening 13.
  • the ambient air flows from the inlet opening 12 via the flow area 14 to the outlet opening 13 of the measuring chamber 11 or in the opposite direction.
  • an internal flow sensor 2 is arranged, which performs a measurement of the flow of ambient air in the measuring chamber 11 as a measured variable S 1 . If the internal flow sensor 2 detects a flow state which indicates an insufficient flow of the ambient air in the measuring chamber 11, it can therefore be concluded that the fire detector 1 is unsuitable for use.
  • the housing 10 has an external flow sensor 3, which is arranged outside the measuring chamber 11 in an edge region of the housing 10 and which is designed to carry out a measurement of the ambient air and to output it as a measured variable S 2 .
  • the housing 10 has an inlet opening 15 and an outlet opening 16, between which the flow sensor 3 is arranged.
  • the internal and / or external flow sensor may be configured as a hot wire flow sensor or as an impeller anemometer.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the automatic fire detector 1 in the FIG. 1 ,
  • the automatic fire detector 1 has the internal and the external flow sensor 2, 3 as well as an evaluation device 20, wherein the flow sensors 2, 3 for the transmission of the measured variables S 1 and S 2 are coupled to the evaluation device 20.
  • the evaluation device 20 evaluates the operational capability of the fire detector 1 on the basis of the detected measured variables S 1 , S 2 and can be arranged, for example, inside or outside the housing 10. As a result of the evaluation of the lack of operational capability of the fire detector 1, the evaluation device 20 generates a fault message and outputs it to a fire alarm control panel 25.
  • the evaluation device 20 comprises a learning device 21, which is designed to provide one or more limit values S soll for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1. Will the Limit value S should be violated by the measured variables S 1 , S 2 or a characteristic derived therefrom, ie, exceeded or fallen short of, it is concluded that the automatic fire detector is not suitable for use.
  • the learning device 21 is configured either to provide one or more programmed limit values S soll or to form the limit value S soll from one or more statistical parameters.
  • the statistical characteristic or parameters can be determined, for example, during an initial installation of the fire detector 1 in a trial operation.
  • measurements of the measured quantities S 1 and S 2 are carried out as flow data in a time learning interval of, for example, 24 hours or even several days or weeks and fed into the learning device 21 so that the at least one statistical parameter is formed based on the acquired flow data can.
  • the statistical characteristic may be designed, for example, as an average, a minimum, a maximum or a standard deviation of the flow data. Also, a frequency distribution, i. the description of the frequency of specific events of the measured variables as a statistical parameter is conceivable.
  • the evaluation device 20 comprises according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 three measurement modes 22, 23, 24 for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1.
  • FIG. 3 1 shows a diagram for illustrating the first measurement mode 22 for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1.
  • the time in the x-axis and the flow velocity in the y-axis are plotted as a measured value and shows a signal curve 30 of the internal and / or or external flow sensor 2, 3 from the transmitted measured quantities S 1 , S 2 from the flow sensors 2, 3.
  • the evaluation means 20 is adapted to the transmitted measured values S 1, S 2 of the internal and / or external flow sensor 2.3 with a predetermined limit by the learning means 21 is to compare S.
  • the signal curve 30 is above the threshold value S soll , so that there is a flow rate, which can be inferred to an operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1.
  • the waveform 30 the limit value S to below that suggests a shutter of the measuring chamber 11 or to an occlusion of the fire detector. 1 Since it may happen that the flow is only temporarily affected, the interval is a delay interval. If the delay interval t 1 to t 2 expired, the evaluation device 20 generates a fault message and outputs it to a fire alarm panel 25. The delay interval t 1 to t 2 is set via the learning device 21.
  • FIG. 4 11 shows a diagram of the second measurement mode 23 for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1.
  • a closure of the measurement chamber 11 is determined on the basis of the frequency of flow peaks as events that are transmitted by the internal flow sensor 2.
  • Flow peaks are measured flows which are significantly above the average measured flow velocity and thus exceed the threshold S soll .
  • flow peaks can be caused by opening a window in a room.
  • the learning device 21 predefines the frequency of the flow peaks in a measuring interval T 1 , which is either programmed in or detected by the described test operation.
  • this state indicates a closure of the measuring chamber 11 and thus a lack of operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third measurement mode 24 for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1 with a diagram according to FIG. 3 or 4 .
  • the measured quantities S 1 and S 2 of the internal and external flow sensors 2, 3 are evaluated by the evaluation device 20 compared. Based on the comparison, it can be concluded that the automatic fire detector 1 can be used.
  • the flow sensors 2 , 3 transmit an approximately identical signal course 30 of the measured quantities S 1 , S 2 .
  • the flow sensors 2 , 3 transmit an approximately identical signal course 30 of the measured quantities S 1 , S 2 .
  • the ratio of the two measured variables S 1 , S 2 changes .
  • the internal flow sensor 2 transmits a smaller measured variable S 1 as of the time t 1 than the external flow sensor 3, so that a closure of the measuring chamber 11 can be assumed.
  • the evaluation device 20 could conclude a closure of the measuring chamber 11 and generate a fault message.
  • a delay interval t 1 to t 2 is provided, since only a temporary impairment of the measuring chamber 11 is conceivable. If the internal flow sensor 2 continues to transmit a smaller measured variable than the external flow sensor 3 after the time t 2 , it is possible to conclude that the flow flow in the measuring chamber 11 is blocked.
  • the measured variable S 2 is divided by the measured variable S 1 .
  • This signal profile 31 is shown in the diagram for the measurement mode 24.
  • the measured variable S 1 for the measured variable S 2 decreases from the time t 1 , so that the quotient increases increasingly. If the quotient reaches the limit S soll , an error message is generated by the evaluation device 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft einen automatischen Brandmelder zur Detektion von Bränden, mit einem Gehäuse, welches eine Messkammer zur Detektion von Rauchpartikeln umfasst, mit einer Sensorik zur Erfassung einer Messgröße zur Bewertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders und mit einer Auswerteeinrichtung zur Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders auf Basis der Messgröße.The invention relates to an automatic fire detector for the detection of fires, with a housing, which comprises a measuring chamber for the detection of smoke particles, with a sensor for detecting a measured variable for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector and with an evaluation device for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector Basis of the measured variable.

Automatische Brandmeldeeinrichtungen dienen zur Detektion von Bränden und zur Auslösung eines Alarms im Falle eines detektieren Brands. Für die Detektion des Brands werden bestimmte Kenngrößen, wie beispielsweise Temperatur oder Dichte von Rauchpartikeln, gemessen. Die von Sensoren erfassten Messdaten werden an eine Steuerungseinrichtung übermittelt. Die Steuerungseinrichtung bestimmt anhand der übermittelten Messdaten eine Alarmauslösung. Automatische Brandmeldeeinrichtungen finden Anwendung in Räumen oder Bereichen, bei denen ein Schutz von Personen und Sachgegenständen sinnvoll oder gesetzlich geregelt ist.Automatic fire alarms are used to detect fires and to trigger an alarm in the event of a detected fire. For the detection of the fire certain parameters, such as temperature or density of smoke particles, are measured. The measured data acquired by sensors are transmitted to a control device. The control device determines based on the transmitted measurement data an alarm triggering. Automatic fire detection systems are used in rooms or areas where protection of persons and property is sensible or regulated by law.

Um die Einsatzfähigkeit von automatischen Brandmeldeeinrichtungen jederzeit sicherstellen zu können, ergibt sich eine Notwendigkeit der manuellen oder automatischen Überprüfung der Brandmeldeeinrichtung. Die DE 10 2009 046 556 A1 , beschreibt eine Brandmeldervorrichtung mit einer Überprüfungsvorrichtung zur Überprüfung der Einsatzfähigkeit der Brandmeldervorrichtung. Die Brandmeldervorrichtung umfasst eine Sensorik zur Erfassung von mindestens einer brandspezifischen Umgebungsgröße und eine Prüfeinrichtung. Die Überprüfungsvorrichtung weist einen Gasvorratsbehälter mit einem Prüfgas auf, welches durch Ausstoß einen Brand simulieren soll und auf diese Weise die Betriebsfähigkeit der Brandmeldervorrichtung überprüft.In order to be able to ensure the operational capability of automatic fire alarm systems at any time, there is a need for manual or automatic checking of the fire alarm device. The DE 10 2009 046 556 A1 describes a fire alarm device with a verification device for checking the operational capability of the fire alarm device. The fire alarm device comprises a sensor system for detecting at least one fire-specific environmental variable and a test device. The checking device has a gas storage tank with a test gas, which is to simulate a fire by ejecting and checks in this way the operability of the fire alarm device.

Aus der Druckschrift EP 1 006 500 A2 ist ein Rauchmelder bekannt, der einen Rauchsensor und eine Aspirationseinheit umfasst. Die Aspirationseinheit verursacht, dass Umgebungsluft des Rauchmelders in eine Sensorregion eines Sensors fließt.From the publication EP 1 006 500 A2 a smoke detector is known which comprises a smoke sensor and an aspiration unit. The aspiration unit causes ambient air of the smoke detector to flow into a sensor region of a sensor.

Die Druckschrift EP 227 0762 A2 , die den nächstkommenden Stand der Technik darstellt, beschreibt einen Rauchwarnmelder mit einem Gehäuse, welches Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen aufweist und einen Rauchdetektor sowie eine Alarmmeldevorrichtung umfasst. Das Innere des Gehäuses ist durch eine Trennwand in zwei Kammern unterteilt. Es ist ein Sensorelement vorgesehen, mit welchem die Stärke eines Nebenluftstroms messbar ist, die von dem Drosselungsgrad der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen abhängt. The publication EP 227 0762 A2 , which represents the closest prior art, describes a smoke alarm device with a housing which has smoke passage openings and comprises a smoke detector and an alarm signaling device. The interior of the housing is divided by a partition into two chambers. It is provided a sensor element with which the strength of a secondary air flow is measured, which depends on the degree of throttling of the smoke passage openings .

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird ein automatischer Brandmelder zur Detektion von Bränden mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 offenbart. Bevorzugte oder vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren.In the context of the invention, an automatic fire detector for the detection of fires with the features of claim 1 is disclosed. Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the accompanying drawings.

Die Erfindung betrifft somit einen Brandmelder zur Detektion von Bränden, insbesondere einen automatischen Brandmelder zur Detektion von Bränden. Die Anordnung des Brandmelders erfolgt beispielsweise in geschlossenen Räumen, jedoch sind auch halbgeschlossene Räume, wie beispielsweise Lagerhallen oder Bereiche wie beispielsweise ein Bahnhof denkbar.The invention thus relates to a fire detector for the detection of fires, in particular an automatic fire detector for the detection of fires. The arrangement of the fire detector takes place, for example, in closed rooms, but also semi-closed spaces, such as warehouses or areas such as a train station are conceivable.

Der Brandmelder weist ein Gehäuse auf, welches eine Messkammer zur Detektion von Rauchpartikeln umfasst. Für die Detektion von Rauchpartikeln kann es sich bei der Messkammer beispielsweise um eine optische Messkammer handeln. Optische Messkammern umfassen eine Diode, die einen Lichtstrahl erzeugt. Der Lichtstrahl der Diode wird im Falle von Rauchpartikeln in der Umgebungsluft in der Messkammer gestreut, wobei das gestreute Licht auf einen Sensor trifft und dieser aufgrund des gestreuten Lichts eine erhöhte Partikelkonzentration erfasst. Insbesondere bildet die optische Messkammer einen Streulichtsensor.The fire detector has a housing which comprises a measuring chamber for the detection of smoke particles. For the detection of smoke particles, the measuring chamber may be, for example, an optical measuring chamber. Optical measuring chambers comprise a diode which generates a light beam. The light beam of the diode is scattered in the case of smoke particles in the ambient air in the measuring chamber, wherein the scattered light strikes a sensor and this detects an increased particle concentration due to the scattered light. In particular, the optical measuring chamber forms a scattered light sensor.

Die Messkammer weist eine Eintrittsöffnung auf, so dass eine Strömung der Umgebungsluft in die Messkammer gelangen kann. Weiterhin umfasst die Messkammer eine Austrittsöffnung, aus der die Strömung der Umgebungsluft von der Eintrittsöffnung über einen Durchflussbereich wieder austreten kann. Der Strömungsdurchfluss der Umgebungsluft, welche Partikel und insbesondere Rauchpartikel umfasst, ermöglicht in der Messkammer eine Detektion der Partikelkonzentration in der Umgebungsluft.The measuring chamber has an inlet opening, so that a flow of ambient air can reach the measuring chamber. Furthermore, the measuring chamber comprises an outlet opening, from which the flow of ambient air from the inlet opening can emerge again via a flow area. The flow rate of the ambient air, which comprises particles and in particular smoke particles, makes it possible to detect the particle concentration in the ambient air in the measuring chamber.

Der Brandmelder umfasst eine Sensorik, welche zur Erfassung einer Messgröße zur Bewertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders dient, und eine Auswerteeinrichtung, welche die Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders auf Basis der Messgröße auswertet, insbesondere beurteilt. Die Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders kann beispielsweise durch einen Verschluss der Messkammer, insbesondere der Eintrittsöffnung der Messkammer, beispielsweise durch Staub, beeinträchtigt werden. Ebenfalls können Gegenstände, welche im Umfeld des Brandmelders positioniert sind, eine Raucheinströmung in die Messkammer des Brandmelders beeinträchtigen.The fire detector comprises a sensor system which serves for detecting a measured variable for evaluating the operational capability of the fire detector, and an evaluation device which evaluates, in particular evaluates, the operational capability of the fire detector on the basis of the measured variable. The operational capability of the fire detector can be impaired, for example, by a closure of the measuring chamber, in particular the inlet opening of the measuring chamber, for example by dust. Also, objects that are positioned in the vicinity of the fire detector, affect a smoke inflow into the measuring chamber of the fire alarm.

Die Sensorik ist mit der Auswerteeinrichtung gekoppelt, um die von der Sensorik erfassten Messgrößen zu übermitteln. Anhand der übermittelten Messgrößen der Sensorik, kann die Auswerteeinrichtung eine Bewertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders durchführen.The sensor system is coupled to the evaluation device in order to transmit the measured variables detected by the sensor system. On the basis of the transmitted measured variables of the sensors, the evaluation device can carry out an evaluation of the operational capability of the fire detector.

Infolge der Auswertung einer mangelnden Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders, erzeugt die Auswerteeinrichtung eine Störmeldung, welche beispielsweise an eine Brandmelderzentrale übermittelt wird. Ebenfalls kann eine optische Signalisierung, beispielsweise eine leuchtende LED, oder eine akustische Signalisierung am Brandmelder angeordnet werden, um einen Hinweis auf die mangelnde Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders zu geben. Die Störmeldung kann beispielsweise über eine elektrische Verbindung oder über einen drahtlosen Funk übertragen werden.As a result of the evaluation of a lack of operational capability of the fire detector, the evaluation generates a fault message, which is transmitted for example to a fire alarm panel. Also, an optical signaling, such as a glowing LED, or an acoustic signaling can be arranged on the fire detector to give an indication of the lack of operational capability of the fire alarm. The fault message can be transmitted for example via an electrical connection or via a wireless radio.

Die Sensorik umfasst mindestens einen Strömungssensor zur Erfassung von einer Strömung der Umgebungsluft als die Messgröße zur Bewertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders.The sensor system comprises at least one flow sensor for detecting a flow of the ambient air as the measured variable for evaluating the operational capability of the fire detector.

Strömungen liegen aufgrund natürlicher Konvektion stets vor, so dass durch den Strömungssensor stets eine gewisse Strömung gemessen werden kann. Lediglich im Fall eines Verschlusses der Messkammer oder im Fall von Gegenständen, welche im Umfeld des Brandmelders positioniert sind, wird ein Strömungsdurchfluss durch den Strömungssensor verhindert oder zumindest beeinträchtigt. In dem Fall kann auch eine Detektion von Rauchpartikeln in der ausgeführt werden, so dass dessen Einsatzfähigkeit nicht mehr gegeben ist. Eine Gefahrenmeldung eines Brandes durch den automatischen Brandmelder kann folglich nicht mehr erfolgen. Ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist somit das Erfassen der Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders durch die Messung des Strömungszustands der Umgebungsluft durch den Strömungssensor.Due to natural convection, flows are always present, so that a certain flow can always be measured by the flow sensor. Only in the case of a closure of the measuring chamber or in the case of objects which are positioned in the vicinity of the fire detector, a flow rate through the flow sensor is prevented or at least impaired. In that case also a detection of smoke particles in the be executed so that its operational capability is no longer given. A danger message of a fire by the automatic fire detector can therefore no longer be done. An advantage of the invention is therefore the detection of the operational capability of the fire detector by measuring the flow state of the ambient air through the flow sensor.

Gemäß einschlägigen Applikationsnormen, wie z.B. die DIN VDE 0833-2 oder die DIN 14676, sind Brandmelder so zu positionieren, dass in ihrem Umfeld keine Objekte vorhanden sein dürfen, die eine ordnungsgemäße Einsatzfähigkeit, d.h. die Raucheinströmung in die Messkammer des Brandmelders verhindern. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist folglich die Verringerung des Kosten- und Zeitaufwands für die visuelle Prüfung, ob die Anordnung der Brandmelder den Applikationsnormanforderungen entspricht. Auch Wartungsinspektionen für die Überprüfung des Verschlusses der Messkammer können verringert werden.According to relevant application standards, e.g. DIN VDE 0833-2 or DIN 14676, fire alarms are to be positioned so that no objects are present in their environment which ensure a proper operational capability, ie. prevent the smoke from entering the measuring chamber of the fire detector. A further advantage of the invention is consequently the reduction of the cost and time required for the visual check as to whether the arrangement of the fire detectors complies with the application standard requirements. Maintenance inspections for checking the closure of the measuring chamber can also be reduced.

Der Strömungssensor ist insbesondere dazu ausgebildet, von der Strömung entweder die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit direkt zu messen oder anhand weiterer Messgrößen wie z. B. Volumenstrom, Massenstrom, Druck, Dichte und/oder Viskosität die Strömung zu ermitteln. Beispielsweise kann der Strömungssensor als ein Durchflusssensor, insbesondere als ein Luftmassenmesser oder als ein Ultraschallsensor ausgebildet sein. Auch weitere Messgrößen, wie beispielsweise Temperatur, welche auf die Strömung schließen lassen, sind möglich. Der Vorteil an Strömungssensoren ist, dass bereits kleinste Strömungen zuverlässig erfasst werden können. Vorzugsweise ist der Strömungssensor als mikromechanischer Sensor ausgebildet, so dass dieser aufgrund der zum Brandmelder vergleichsweise kleinen Bauform in den automatischen Brandmelder integrierbar ist.The flow sensor is in particular designed to measure either the flow velocity directly from the flow or based on other parameters such. B. flow, mass flow, pressure, density and / or viscosity to determine the flow. For example, the flow sensor may be designed as a flow sensor, in particular as an air mass meter or as an ultrasonic sensor. Also other parameters, such as temperature, which suggest the flow, are possible. The advantage of flow sensors is that even the smallest flows can be detected reliably. Preferably, the flow sensor is designed as a micromechanical sensor, so that it can be integrated into the automatic fire detector due to the comparatively small size of the fire alarm.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten konstruktiven Ausführungsform ist der Strömungssensor als Hitzedrahtströmungssensor ausgebildet, dessen Funktionsprinzip darauf beruht, dass sich aufgrund der Strömung ein Hitzedraht abkühlt. Der Grad der Abkühlung ist dabei eine Funktion der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und Lufttemperatur.In a particularly preferred structural embodiment of the flow sensor is designed as a hot wire flow sensor whose operating principle is based on that cools a hot wire due to the flow. The degree of cooling is a function of the flow velocity and air temperature.

In einer anderen konstruktiven Ausgestaltung ist der Strömungssensor als Flügelrad-Anemometer ausgebildet, bei dem sich ein Flügelrad aufgrund der Strömung dreht, wobei die Drehgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit zur Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ist.In another constructive embodiment of the flow sensor is designed as an impeller anemometer, in which an impeller due to the Flow rotates, wherein the rotational speed is dependent on the flow velocity.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Strömungssensor als ein interner Strömungssensor ausgebildet, der die kammerinterne Strömung der Umgebungsluft in der Messkammer als Messgröße erfasst. Da die Messkammer mindestens oder genau eine Eingangsöffnung und mindestens oder genau eine Austrittsöffnung der Messkammer aufweist, ist ein ständiger Durchfluss der Umgebungsluft, d.h. eine kammerinterne Strömung, gewährleistet. Sollte der interne Strömungssensor einen Strömungszustand erfassen, der auf eine unzureichende Strömung der Umgebungsluft in der Messkammer hinweist, kann durch die Auswerteeinrichtung folglich auf die mangelnde Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders geschlossen werden.In a preferred embodiment, the flow sensor is designed as an internal flow sensor, which detects the internal chamber flow of ambient air in the measuring chamber as a measured variable. Since the measuring chamber has at least or exactly one inlet opening and at least or exactly one outlet opening of the measuring chamber, a constant flow of the ambient air, i. an internal chamber flow, guaranteed. If the internal flow sensor detects a flow state which indicates an insufficient flow of ambient air in the measuring chamber, the evaluation device can therefore conclude that the fire detector is unusable.

Es ist besonders bevorzugt den internen Strömungssensor an der Eintrittsöffnung oder an der Austrittsöffnung der Messkammer anzuordnen, da in dem Durchflussbereich der Messkammer bereits Elemente, beispielsweise zur Detektion von Rauchpartikeln, angeordnet sind. Jedoch ist es ebenfalls denkbar den internen Strömungssensor in dem Durchflussbereich der Messkammer anzuordnen.It is particularly preferred to arrange the internal flow sensor at the inlet opening or at the outlet opening of the measuring chamber, since elements, for example for the detection of smoke particles, are already arranged in the flow area of the measuring chamber. However, it is also conceivable to arrange the internal flow sensor in the flow area of the measuring chamber.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Strömungssensor als ein externer Strömungssensor ausgebildet ist, der an dem Gehäuse außerhalb der Messkammer oder in der Umgebung der Messkammer angeordnet ist und/oder die Strömung der Umgebungsluft außerhalb der Messkammer als Messgröße erfasst. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist der externe Strömungssensor an der Messkammer insbesondere so nahe angeordnet, dass die Strömungsmessung einen Rückschluss auf die kammerinterne Strömung der Messkammer erlaubt.In the context of the invention it is proposed that the flow sensor is designed as an external flow sensor, which is arranged on the housing outside the measuring chamber or in the vicinity of the measuring chamber and / or detects the flow of ambient air outside the measuring chamber as a measured variable. In this embodiment, the external flow sensor is arranged so close to the measuring chamber in particular so that the flow measurement allows a conclusion on the internal chamber flow of the measuring chamber.

Optional weist das Gehäuse zusätzlich eine Strömungskammer mit einer Eingangs- und Ausgangsöffnung auf, in der der externe Strömungssensor angeordnet ist, um die Strömungsmessung durchführen zu können.Optionally, the housing additionally has a flow chamber with an inlet and outlet opening in which the external flow sensor is arranged in order to be able to carry out the flow measurement.

Die Auswerteeinrichtung ist dazu ausgebildet, aus der Messgröße des externen Strömungssensors eine Störung der Luftzuführung zu der Messkammer, zu der Eintrittsöffnung der Messkammer, zu der Austrittsöffnung der Messkammer oder in den Brandmelder auszuwerten und auf eine Verdeckung des Brandmelders zu schließen.The evaluation device is configured to derive from the measured variable of the external flow sensor a disturbance of the air supply to the measuring chamber, to the inlet opening of the measuring chamber, to the outlet opening of the measuring chamber or evaluate in the fire detector and close to a concealment of the fire alarm.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der Strömungssensor den internen und den externen Strömungssensor. Der interne und externe Strömungssensor führen parallel zueinander Strömungsmessungen durch und übermitteln diese an die Auswerteeinrichtung. In dieser Ausführungsform kann sowohl auf einen Verschluss der Messkammer, als auch auf eine Verdeckung des Brandmelders geschlossen werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the flow sensor comprises the internal and the external flow sensor. The internal and external flow sensors perform flow measurements parallel to each other and transmit them to the evaluation device. In this embodiment, both a closure of the measuring chamber, as well as a covering of the fire detector can be concluded.

In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Auswerteeinrichtung mindestens einen Parameter zur Bewertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders für die Auswerteeinrichtung aufweisen. Da die Strömungsintensität jedoch in Abhängigkeit zu einem Raum bzw. Bereich steht, beispielsweise kann in einer Lagerhalle eine stärkere Strömung als in einem geschlossenen Raum vorliegen, ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass die Auswerteeinrichtung eine Lerneinrichtung umfasst. Die Lerneinrichtung ist dazu ausgebildet, Strömungen von dem internen und/oder dem externen Strömungssensor über ein zeitliches Intervall als Strömungsdaten zu erfassen und aus den erfassten Strömungsdaten mindestens eine statistische Kenngröße zu bilden. Die statistische Kenngröße stellt hierbei den mindestens einen Parameter zur Bewertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders für die Auswerteeinrichtung dar. Beispielsweise wird die statistische Kenngröße aus einem Mittelwert, einer Häufigkeitsverteilung, einem Maximum, einem Minimum oder aus einer Standardabweichung der Strömungsdaten gebildet. Die Erfassung der statistischen Kenngröße kann beispielsweise bei der Erstinstallation der Brandmelders erfolgen.In one development of the invention, the evaluation device can have at least one parameter for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector for the evaluation device. However, since the flow intensity is dependent on a room or area, for example, there may be a stronger flow in a warehouse than in a closed room, it is particularly preferred that the evaluation device comprises a learning device. The learning device is designed to detect flows from the internal and / or the external flow sensor over a time interval as flow data and to form at least one statistical parameter from the acquired flow data. The statistical parameter here represents the at least one parameter for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector for the evaluation device. For example, the statistical parameter is formed from an average value, a frequency distribution, a maximum, a minimum or from a standard deviation of the flow data. The detection of the statistical characteristic can be done for example during the initial installation of fire detectors.

Insbesondere weist die Auswerteeinrichtung einen Auswertemodus für den internen und/oder externen Strömungssensor auf, wobei die Auswerteeinrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, in dem Messmodus die Messgröße der Strömung des internen und/oder des externen Strömungssensors mit einem vorgebbaren Grenzwert oder mit einem auf der statistischen Kenngröße basierenden Grenzwert als den mindestens einen Parameter zu vergleichen. Im Fall einer Verletzung des Grenzwerts ist der Strömungsdurchfluss so gering, dass auf eine mangelnde Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders geschlossen wird.In particular, the evaluation device has an evaluation mode for the internal and / or external flow sensor, wherein the evaluation device is designed, in the measurement mode, the measured variable of the flow of the internal and / or the external flow sensor with a predefinable limit value or with a statistic based on the statistical characteristic Limit as the at least one parameter to compare. In case of violation of the limit, the flow rate is so low that it is concluded that the automatic fire detector is not suitable for use.

Insbesondere der Zustand, bei dem die Strömung geringer ausfällt als der Grenzwert, weist auf einen Verschluss der Messkammer hin.In particular, the state in which the flow is lower than the limit value, indicates a closure of the measuring chamber.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Auswerteeinrichtung einen Auswertemodus für den internen und externen Strömungssensor auf, wobei die Auswerteeinrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, in dem Auswertemodus die Messgröße der Strömung des internen Strömungssensors mit der Messgröße der Strömung des externen Strömungssensors zu vergleichen. Auf Basis des Vergleichs der beiden Messgrößen schließt die Auswerteeinrichtung auf eine mangelnde Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders und erzeugt eine Störmeldung. Der Vergleich beruht beispielsweise auf einem Quotienten der beiden Messgrößen. Beispielsweise kann die Messgröße des externen Strömungssensors mit der Messgröße des internen Strömungssensors dividiert werden oder vice versa.In a further preferred embodiment, the evaluation device has an evaluation mode for the internal and external flow sensor, wherein the evaluation device is designed to compare the measured variable of the flow of the internal flow sensor with the measured variable of the flow of the external flow sensor in the evaluation mode. Based on the comparison of the two measured variables, the evaluation device concludes that the automatic fire detector is unusable and generates a fault message. The comparison is based, for example, on a quotient of the two measured variables. For example, the measured variable of the external flow sensor can be divided with the measured variable of the internal flow sensor or vice versa.

Ein Vorteil der Kombination ist die gemeinsame Auswertung der Strömung außerhalb und innerhalb der Messkammer. Dies ermöglicht zu unterscheiden, ob der Strömungsdurchfluss durch einen Verschluss der Messkammer aufgrund der Messgrößen von dem internen Strömungssensor gestört ist oder der Strömungsdurchfluss durch eine Verdeckung von Gegenständen in der nahen Umgebung des Brandmelders aufgrund der Messgrößen von dem externen Strömungssensor blockiert wird.An advantage of the combination is the common evaluation of the flow outside and inside the measuring chamber. This makes it possible to distinguish whether the flow rate through a closure of the measuring chamber due to the measured quantities is disturbed by the internal flow sensor or the flow rate is blocked by obscuring objects in the vicinity of the fire detector due to the measured quantities from the external flow sensor.

Sollte die Auswerteeinrichtung auf Basis des Vergleichs eine Änderung des Verhältnisses der beiden Messgrößen der Strömungssensoren registrieren, beispielsweise anhand des Quotienten der beiden Messgrößen, kann eine Störung der Luftzuführung zu der Messkammer des Brandmelders ausgewertet werden.If the evaluation device registers a change in the ratio of the two measured variables of the flow sensors on the basis of the comparison, for example based on the quotient of the two measured variables, a fault in the air supply to the measuring chamber of the fire detector can be evaluated.

Bei einer möglichen Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit als Messgröße der Strömung des internen und/oder externen Strömungssensors als Indikator für einen Brand verwendet. Die Strömung in dem Brandmelder oder in dessen Umgebung wird nicht nur durch Hindernisses, sondern auch durch Temperaturwechsel oder Hitzequellen in der Umgebung des Brandmelders beeinflusst. Insbesondere in der Situation eines Brandes ensteht durch die energetische Stoffumsetzung an der Brandquelle eine Temperaturerhöhung, die je nach Brandgut signifikant für eine Erhöhung der Konvektion ist. Eine Erhöhung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im oder am Brandmelder kann deshalb, wenn sie einen Schwellwert überschreitet, als Brandkenngröße interpretiert werden. Ebenfalls kann auf eine Brandsituation geschlossen werden, wenn der Zeitverlauf des Anstiegs der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit von typischen Bränden entspricht.In one possible development of the invention, the flow velocity is used as a measure of the flow of the internal and / or external flow sensor as an indicator of a fire. The flow in or around the fire detector is affected not only by obstacles but also by temperature changes or heat sources in the vicinity of the fire detector. Especially in the situation of a fire ensteht by the energetic material conversion at the fire source one Temperature increase, which is significant for an increase in convection depending on the fire. An increase in the flow velocity in or at the fire detector can therefore be interpreted as a fire parameter if it exceeds a threshold value. Also, a fire situation can be inferred if the time course of the increase in the flow velocity corresponds to the development speed of typical fires.

Ist der Anstieg der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in einem Bereich, so dass dieser auch durch Heizkörper oder Sonneneinstrahlung o.ä. bewirkt sein könnte, so kann trotzdem der zeitgleiche Anstieg der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und die Erhöhung der Rauchdichtekonzentration im Brandmelder auf eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Brandsituation hindeuten. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit kann somit als eine weiterer Indikator zur Erkennung einer Brandsituation herangezogen werden.Is the increase of the flow velocity in a range, so that it can also be replaced by radiators or solar radiation? Nevertheless, the simultaneous increase of the flow velocity and the increase of the smoke density concentration in the fire detector may indicate a high probability of a fire situation. The flow rate can thus be used as another indicator for detecting a fire situation.

Die Nutzung der Messgröße des Strömungssensors dient damit nicht nur der Störungserkennung, sondern im Falle eines Brandes ebenfalls der Absicherung gegenüber eines Fehlalarms oder aber der zuverlässigeren oder früheren Entscheidung für eine Brandmeldung.The use of the measured variable of the flow sensor thus serves not only the fault detection, but in the case of a fire also the hedge against a false alarm or the more reliable or earlier decision for a fire.

Bevorzugt wird der automatische Brandmelder als Wandbrandmelder an einer Wand eines Raums bzw. Bereichs angeordnet. Besonders bevorzugt wird der automatische Brandmelder als Deckenbrandmelder an einer Decke eines Raums bzw. Bereichs angeordnet, um eine zeitnahe Erfassung eines Brandes zu gewährleisten. Ebenfalls ist denkbar, dass der automatische Brandmelder bündig mit einer Wand oder einer Decke abschließt.The automatic fire detector is preferably arranged as a wall fire detector on a wall of a room or area. Particularly preferably, the automatic fire detector is arranged as a ceiling fire detector on a ceiling of a room or area to ensure a timely detection of a fire. It is also conceivable that the automatic fire detector is flush with a wall or a ceiling.

Um Energie zu sparen kann vorgesehen sein, dass der interne und externe Strömungssensor lediglich intervallartig durch die Auswerteeinrichtung betrieben werden.To save energy can be provided that the internal and external flow sensor are operated only at intervals by the evaluation.

Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Messgrößen zeitlich gemittelt oder, insbesondere über einen Tiefpass, gefiltert werden. Dies kann sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn sich die Strömung umgebungsbedingt für kurze Zeitabschnitte deutlich ändert, z.B. durch Öffnen eines Fensters zum Lüften der Umgebung.It can be provided that the measured variables are averaged over time or, in particular, filtered via a low-pass filter. This can prove to be advantageous if the flow changes significantly for short periods of time due to the environment, for example by opening a window to ventilate the environment.

Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Wirkungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung. Dabei zeigen:

  • Figur 1 einen automatischen Brandmelder in einer zweidimensionalen Darstellung als ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
  • Figur 2 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild des automatischen Brandmelders als ein Ausführungsbeispiel;
  • Figur 3 ein erstes Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung eines ersten Messmodus für die Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders ;
  • Figur 4 ein zweites Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung eines zweiten Messmodus für die Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders;
  • Figur 5 ein drittes Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung eines dritten Messmodus für die Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders.
Further features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention. Showing:
  • FIG. 1 an automatic fire detector in a two-dimensional representation as an embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the automatic fire detector as an embodiment;
  • FIG. 3 a first diagram for illustrating a first measurement mode for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector;
  • FIG. 4 a second diagram illustrating a second measurement mode for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector;
  • FIG. 5 a third diagram illustrating a third measurement mode for evaluating the usability of the automatic fire detector.

Figur 1 zeigt einen automatischen Brandmelder 1, der zur Detektion von Bränden ausgebildet ist, in einer zweidimensionalen Darstellung als ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Der automatische Brandmelder 1 basiert auf dem Streulichtprinzip zur Detektion von Partikeln der Umgebungsluft, um einen Brand detektieren zu können. FIG. 1 shows an automatic fire detector 1, which is designed for the detection of fires, in a two-dimensional representation as an embodiment of the invention. The automatic fire detector 1 is based on the scattered light principle for the detection of particles of the ambient air in order to detect a fire.

Der automatische Brandmelder 1 umfasst ein Gehäuse 10, das in der Draufsicht des Gehäuses 10 kreisförmig ausgebildet ist und auf der Rückseite eine ebene Gehäusewand 17 aufweist, wobei der Brandmelder 1 als ein Deckengehäuse ausgebildet ist. Für die Detektion von Rauchpartikeln in der Umgebungsluft umfasst das Gehäuse 10 eine optische Messkammer 11. Die optische Messkammer 11 umfasst eine Diode, die einen Lichtstrahl erzeugt. Der Lichtstrahl der Diode wird im Fall von Rauchpartikeln in der Messkammer gestreut, wobei das gestreute Licht auf einen Sensor trifft und dieser aufgrund des gestreuten Lichts eine erhöhte Partikelkonzentration erfasst.The automatic fire detector 1 comprises a housing 10 which is circular in plan view of the housing 10 and on the back has a flat housing wall 17, wherein the fire detector 1 is formed as a ceiling housing. For the detection of smoke particles in the ambient air, the housing 10 comprises an optical measuring chamber 11. The optical measuring chamber 11 comprises a diode which generates a light beam. The light beam of the diode is scattered in the case of smoke particles in the measuring chamber, wherein the scattered light hits a sensor and this detects an increased particle concentration due to the scattered light.

Weiterhin weist die optische Messkammer 11 eine Eintrittsöffnung 12, eine Austrittsöffnung 13 und einen Durchflussbereich 14 auf, wobei der Durchflussbereich 14 zwischen der Eintrittsöffnung 12 und Austrittsöffnung 13 angeordnet ist. Zur Detektion der Partikelkonzentration fließt die Umgebungsluft von der Eintrittsöffnung 12 über den Durchflussbereich 14 zu der Austrittsöffnung 13 der Messkammer 11 oder in Gegenrichtung. In der Messkammer 11 ist ein interner Strömungssensor 2 angeordnet, welcher eine Messung der Strömung der Umgebungsluft in der Messkammer 11 als Messgröße S1 durchführt. Sollte der interne Strömungssensor 2 einen Strömungszustand erfassen, der auf eine unzureichende Strömung der Umgebungsluft in der Messkammer 11 hinweist, kann folglich auf die mangelnde Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders 1 geschlossen werden.Furthermore, the optical measuring chamber 11 has an inlet opening 12, an outlet opening 13 and a flow area 14, the flow area 14 being arranged between the inlet opening 12 and the outlet opening 13. For detecting the particle concentration, the ambient air flows from the inlet opening 12 via the flow area 14 to the outlet opening 13 of the measuring chamber 11 or in the opposite direction. In the measuring chamber 11, an internal flow sensor 2 is arranged, which performs a measurement of the flow of ambient air in the measuring chamber 11 as a measured variable S 1 . If the internal flow sensor 2 detects a flow state which indicates an insufficient flow of the ambient air in the measuring chamber 11, it can therefore be concluded that the fire detector 1 is unsuitable for use.

Das Gehäuse 10 weist einen externen Strömungssensor 3 auf, welcher außerhalb der Messkammer 11 in einem Randbereich des Gehäuses 10 angeordnet ist und ist welcher dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Messung der Umgebungsluft durchzuführen und als Messgröße S2 auszugeben. Für die Strömungsmessung weist das Gehäuse 10 eine Eingangsöffnung 15 und eine Ausgangsöffnung 16 auf, zwischen denen der Strömungssensor 3 angeordnet ist. Der interne und/oder externe Strömungssensor kann als ein Hitzedrahtströmungssensor oder als ein Flügelrad-Anemometer ausgebildet sein.The housing 10 has an external flow sensor 3, which is arranged outside the measuring chamber 11 in an edge region of the housing 10 and which is designed to carry out a measurement of the ambient air and to output it as a measured variable S 2 . For the flow measurement, the housing 10 has an inlet opening 15 and an outlet opening 16, between which the flow sensor 3 is arranged. The internal and / or external flow sensor may be configured as a hot wire flow sensor or as an impeller anemometer.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild des automatischen Brandmelders 1 in der Figur 1. Der automatische Brandmelder 1 weist den internen und den externen Strömungssensor 2,3 sowie eine Auswerteeinrichtung 20 auf, wobei die Strömungssensoren 2,3 zur Übermittlung der Messgrößen S1 und S2 mit der Auswerteeinrichtung 20 gekoppelt sind. Die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 wertet die Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders 1 auf Basis der erfassten Messgrößen S1,S2 aus und kann beispielsweise innerhalb oder außerhalb des Gehäuses 10 angeordnet sein. Infolge der Auswertung der mangelnden Einsatzfähigkeit des Brandmelders 1 erzeugt die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 eine Störmeldung und gibt diese an eine Brandmelderzentrale 25 aus. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the automatic fire detector 1 in the FIG. 1 , The automatic fire detector 1 has the internal and the external flow sensor 2, 3 as well as an evaluation device 20, wherein the flow sensors 2, 3 for the transmission of the measured variables S 1 and S 2 are coupled to the evaluation device 20. The evaluation device 20 evaluates the operational capability of the fire detector 1 on the basis of the detected measured variables S 1 , S 2 and can be arranged, for example, inside or outside the housing 10. As a result of the evaluation of the lack of operational capability of the fire detector 1, the evaluation device 20 generates a fault message and outputs it to a fire alarm control panel 25.

Die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 umfasst eine Lerneinrichtung 21, welche dazu ausgebildet ist, einen oder mehrere Grenzwerte Ssoll für die Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders 1 bereitzustellen. Wird der Grenzwert Ssoll durch die Messgrößen S1,S2 oder eine davon abgeleitete Kenngröße verletzt, d.h. über- oder unterschritten, wird auf eine mangelnde Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders geschlossen.The evaluation device 20 comprises a learning device 21, which is designed to provide one or more limit values S soll for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1. Will the Limit value S should be violated by the measured variables S 1 , S 2 or a characteristic derived therefrom, ie, exceeded or fallen short of, it is concluded that the automatic fire detector is not suitable for use.

Die Lerneinrichtung 21 ist dazu ausgebildet, entweder einen oder mehrere einprogrammierte Grenzwerte Ssoll bereitzustellen oder den oder die Grenzwerte Ssoll aus einer oder mehreren statistischen Kenngröße zu bilden.The learning device 21 is configured either to provide one or more programmed limit values S soll or to form the limit value S soll from one or more statistical parameters.

Um eine Anpassung an den entsprechenden Raum bzw. Bereich zu ermöglichen, kann die statistische Kenngröße bzw. Kenngrößen zum Beispiel bei einer Erstinstallation des Brandmelders 1 in einem Probebetrieb ermittelt werden. Bei dem Probebetrieb werden Messungen der Messgrößen S1 und S2 als Strömungsdaten in einem zeitlichen Lernintervall von beispielsweise 24 Stunden oder sogar mehreren Tagen oder Wochen durchgeführt und in die Lerneinrichtung 21 eingespeist, so dass auf den erfassten Strömungsdaten aufbauend die mindestens eine statistische Kenngröße gebildet werden kann.In order to enable an adaptation to the corresponding room or area, the statistical characteristic or parameters can be determined, for example, during an initial installation of the fire detector 1 in a trial operation. In the trial operation, measurements of the measured quantities S 1 and S 2 are carried out as flow data in a time learning interval of, for example, 24 hours or even several days or weeks and fed into the learning device 21 so that the at least one statistical parameter is formed based on the acquired flow data can.

Die statistische Kenngröße kann beispielsweise als ein Mittelwert, ein Minimum, ein Maximum oder als eine Standardabweichung der Strömungsdaten ausgebildet sein. Auch ist eine Häufigkeitsverteilung, d.h. die Beschreibung der Häufigkeit von bestimmten Ereignissen der Messgrößen als statistische Kenngröße ist denkbar.The statistical characteristic may be designed, for example, as an average, a minimum, a maximum or a standard deviation of the flow data. Also, a frequency distribution, i. the description of the frequency of specific events of the measured variables as a statistical parameter is conceivable.

Die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 umfasst gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 2 drei Messmoden 22, 23, 24 für die Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders 1.The evaluation device 20 comprises according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 three measurement modes 22, 23, 24 for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1.

Figur 3 zeigt ein Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung des ersten Messmodus 22 für die Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders 1. In dem Diagramm sind in der x-Achse die Zeit und in der y-Achse die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit als Messwert aufgetragen und zeigt einen Signalverlauf 30 des internen und/oder externen Strömungssensors 2,3 aus den übermittelten Messgrößen S1,S2 von den Strömungssensoren 2,3. Die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 ist dazu ausgebildet, die übermittelten Messgrößen S1,S2 des internen und/oder externen Strömungssensors 2,3 mit einem von der Lerneinrichtung 21 vorgegebenen Grenzwert Ssoll zu vergleichen. FIG. 3 1 shows a diagram for illustrating the first measurement mode 22 for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1. In the diagram, the time in the x-axis and the flow velocity in the y-axis are plotted as a measured value and shows a signal curve 30 of the internal and / or or external flow sensor 2, 3 from the transmitted measured quantities S 1 , S 2 from the flow sensors 2, 3. The evaluation means 20 is adapted to the transmitted measured values S 1, S 2 of the internal and / or external flow sensor 2.3 with a predetermined limit by the learning means 21 is to compare S.

In dem Intervall von 0 bis t1 liegt der Signalverlauf 30 über dem Grenzwert Ssoll, so dass ein Strömungsdurchfluss vorliegt, welcher auf eine Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders 1 zurückschließen lässt.In the interval from 0 to t 1 , the signal curve 30 is above the threshold value S soll , so that there is a flow rate, which can be inferred to an operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1.

In dem Intervall t1 zu t2 hat der Signalverlauf 30 den Grenzwert Ssoll unterschritten, das auf einen Verschluss der Messkammer 11 oder auf eine Verdeckung des Brandmelders 1 schließen lässt. Da es vorkommen kann, dass die Durchflussströmung lediglich vorübergehend beeinträchtigt ist, handelt es sich bei dem Intervall um ein Verzögerungsintervall. Ist das Verzögerungsintervall t1 zu t2 abgelaufen, erzeugt die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 eine Störmeldung und gibt diese an eine Brandmelderzentrale 25 aus. Das Verzögerungsintervall t1 zu t2 wird über die Lerneinrichtung 21 festgelegt.In the interval t 1 to t 2, the waveform 30 the limit value S to below that suggests a shutter of the measuring chamber 11 or to an occlusion of the fire detector. 1 Since it may happen that the flow is only temporarily affected, the interval is a delay interval. If the delay interval t 1 to t 2 expired, the evaluation device 20 generates a fault message and outputs it to a fire alarm panel 25. The delay interval t 1 to t 2 is set via the learning device 21.

Figur 4 zeigt ein Diagramm des zweiten Messmodus 23 für die Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders 1. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein Verschluss der Messkammer 11 anhand der Häufigkeit von Strömungspeaks als Ereignisse ermittelt, die von dem internen Strömungssensor 2 übermittelt werden. Strömungspeaks sind gemessene Strömungen, die deutlich über der durchschnittlich gemessenen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit liegen und damit den Grenzwert Ssoll überschreiten. Strömungspeaks können beispielsweise durch das Öffnen eines Fensters in einem Raum hervorgerufen werden. Die Lerneinrichtung 21 gibt die Häufigkeit der Strömungspeaks in einem Messintervall T1 vor, welche entweder einprogrammiert oder durch den beschriebenen Probebetrieb erfasst wird. FIG. 4 11 shows a diagram of the second measurement mode 23 for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1. In this exemplary embodiment, a closure of the measurement chamber 11 is determined on the basis of the frequency of flow peaks as events that are transmitted by the internal flow sensor 2. Flow peaks are measured flows which are significantly above the average measured flow velocity and thus exceed the threshold S soll . For example, flow peaks can be caused by opening a window in a room. The learning device 21 predefines the frequency of the flow peaks in a measuring interval T 1 , which is either programmed in or detected by the described test operation.

Können keine Strömungspeaks durch die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 ausgewertet werden oder ist die Häufigkeit der Strömungspeaks geringer als die vorgefasste Häufigkeit, weist dieser Zustand auf einen Verschluss der Messkammer 11 und somit auf eine mangelnde Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders 1 hin.If no flow peaks can be evaluated by the evaluation device 20 or the frequency of the flow peaks is less than the preconceived frequency, this state indicates a closure of the measuring chamber 11 and thus a lack of operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1.

Figur 5 zeigt einen dritten Messmodus 24 für die Auswertung der Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders 1 mit einem Diagramm gemäß Figur 3 oder 4. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel werden die Messgrößen S1 und S2 des internen und des externen Strömungssensors 2,3 durch die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 verglichen. Anhand des Vergleichs kann auf die Einsatzfähigkeit des automatischen Brandmelders 1 geschlossen werden. FIG. 5 shows a third measurement mode 24 for evaluating the operational capability of the automatic fire detector 1 with a diagram according to FIG. 3 or 4 , In this exemplary embodiment, the measured quantities S 1 and S 2 of the internal and external flow sensors 2, 3 are evaluated by the evaluation device 20 compared. Based on the comparison, it can be concluded that the automatic fire detector 1 can be used.

In dem Intervall 0 bis t1 übermitteln die Strömungssensoren 2,3 einen annähernd gleichen Signalverlauf 30 der Messgrößen S1,S2. Somit ist davon auszugehen, dass weder ein Verschluss der Messkammer 11, noch ein Beeinträchtigung der Raucheinströmung durch Gegenstände vorliegt.In the interval 0 to t 1 , the flow sensors 2 , 3 transmit an approximately identical signal course 30 of the measured quantities S 1 , S 2 . Thus, it can be assumed that there is neither a closure of the measuring chamber 11, nor an impairment of the smoke inflow through objects.

Ab dem Zeitpunkt t1 ändert sich das Verhältnis der beiden Messgrößen S1,S2. Der interne Strömungssensor 2 übermittelt ab dem Zeitpunkt t1 eine geringere Messgröße S1 als der externe Strömungssensor 3, so dass von einem Verschluss der Messkammer 11 auszugehen ist.From the time t 1 , the ratio of the two measured variables S 1 , S 2 changes . The internal flow sensor 2 transmits a smaller measured variable S 1 as of the time t 1 than the external flow sensor 3, so that a closure of the measuring chamber 11 can be assumed.

Bereits ab dem Zeitpunkt t1, bei dem die Messgröße S1 des internen Strömungssensors 2 zu der Messgröße S2 des externen Sensors 3 abweicht, könnte die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 auf einen Verschluss der Messkammer 11 schließen und eine Störmeldung erzeugen. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist jedoch ein Verzögerungsintervall t1 bis t2 vorgesehen, da auch lediglich eine vorübergehende Beeinträchtigung der Messkammer 11 denkbar ist. Übermittelt der interne Strömungssensor 2 nach dem Zeitpunkt t2 weiterhin eine geringere Messgröße als der externe Strömungssensor 3, kann auf eine Blockade des Strömungsdurchflusses in der Messkammer 11 geschlossen werden.Already from the time t 1 , in which the measured variable S 1 of the internal flow sensor 2 deviates from the measured variable S 2 of the external sensor 3, the evaluation device 20 could conclude a closure of the measuring chamber 11 and generate a fault message. In this embodiment, however, a delay interval t 1 to t 2 is provided, since only a temporary impairment of the measuring chamber 11 is conceivable. If the internal flow sensor 2 continues to transmit a smaller measured variable than the external flow sensor 3 after the time t 2 , it is possible to conclude that the flow flow in the measuring chamber 11 is blocked.

Zur Auswertung des Verschlusses der Messkammer 11 wird die Messgröße S2 durch die Messgröße S1 dividiert. Dieser Signalverlauf 31 ist in dem Diagramm für den Messmodus 24 aufgezeigt. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sinkt die Messgröße S1 zur Messgröße S2 ab dem Zeitpunkt t1, so dass der Quotient zunehmend steigt. Erreicht der Quotient den Grenzwert Ssoll, wird eine Störmeldung durch die Auswerteeinrichtung 20 erzeugt.To evaluate the closure of the measuring chamber 11, the measured variable S 2 is divided by the measured variable S 1 . This signal profile 31 is shown in the diagram for the measurement mode 24. In this embodiment, the measured variable S 1 for the measured variable S 2 decreases from the time t 1 , so that the quotient increases increasingly. If the quotient reaches the limit S soll , an error message is generated by the evaluation device 20.

Claims (11)

  1. Automatic fire detector (1) for the detection of fires,
    having a housing (10), the housing (10) comprising a measuring chamber (11) for the detection of smoke particles,
    having sensors for detecting a measured variable for assessing the functionality of the automatic fire detector (1),
    having an evaluation device (20) for evaluating the functionality of the automatic fire detector (1) on the basis of the measured variable,
    the sensors comprising at least one flow sensor for detecting a flow as the measured variable for assessing the functionality of the automatic fire detector (1),
    characterized in that
    the flow sensor is formed as an external flow sensor (3), which is arranged on the housing (10) outside the measuring chamber (11) or in the surroundings of the measuring chamber (11) in order to measure the flow of the surrounding air outside the measuring chamber as measured variable.
  2. Automatic fire detector (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one flow sensor comprises an internal flow sensor (2) as further flow sensor, which detects the internal flow in the measuring chamber (11) as measured variable.
  3. Automatic fire detector (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the internal flow sensor (2) is arranged at an inlet opening of the measuring chamber (12), at an outlet opening of the measuring chamber (13) and/or in the measuring chamber (14) in order to detect the internal flow in the chamber.
  4. Automatic fire detector (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the evaluation device (20) is designed to evaluate a fault of the measuring chamber (11), specifically a closure of the measuring chamber and objects which are positioned in the surroundings of the fire detector, from the internal flow in the chamber detected by the internal flow sensor (2).
  5. Automatic fire detector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaluation device (20) is designed to evaluate a fault in the air supply to the measuring chamber (11) of the fire detector (1) from the flow detected by the external flow sensor (3).
  6. Automatic fire detector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaluation device (20) comprises a learning device (21), wherein the learning device (21) is designed to detect flows from the internal flow sensor (2) and/or the external flow sensor (3) over a time interval as flow data and to form at least one statistical characteristic variable from the detected flow data, wherein the statistical characteristic variable represents a parameter for the evaluation device (20) for assessing the functionality of the automatic fire detector.
  7. Automatic fire detector (1) according to Claim 6, characterized in that the evaluation device (20) has an evaluation mode for the internal and/or external flow sensor (2, 3), wherein the evaluation device (20) is designed to compare the measured variable of the flow from the internal and/or external flow sensor (2, 3) with a predefinable limiting value or with a limiting value based on the statistical characteristic variable and, in the event of an infringement of the limiting value, to conclude that there is a lack of functionality of the automatic fire detector (1).
  8. Automatic fire detector (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the evaluation device (20) has an evaluation mode for the internal and external flow sensor (2, 3), wherein the evaluation device (20) is designed to compare the measured variable of the flow from the internal flow sensor (2) with the measured variable of the flow from the external flow sensor (3) and, on the basis of the comparison, to draw conclusions about a lack of functionality of the automatic fire detector.
  9. Automatic fire detector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or the evaluation device (20) is designed to compare the flow velocity, as a measured variable of the flow from the internal and/or external flow sensor (2, 3), with a predefinable threshold value and, in the event of an infringement of the threshold value, to conclude that there is a fire in the surroundings.
  10. Automatic fire detector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or the evaluation device (20) is designed to compare the rate of rise of the flow velocity, as a measured variable of the flow from the internal and/or external flow sensor (2, 3), with a predefinable threshold value and, in the event of an infringement of the threshold value, to conclude that there is a fire in the surroundings.
  11. Automatic fire detector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the automatic fire detector (1) is formed as a wall-mounted fire detector or as a ceiling-mounted fire detector for fixing to a wall or ceiling of a room.
EP12197665.8A 2012-02-06 2012-12-18 Sensing air flow for verifying the functionality of a smoke chamber based fire detector. Active EP2624229B1 (en)

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DE102012201703A DE102012201703A1 (en) 2012-02-06 2012-02-06 Automatic fire detector for the detection of fires

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