EP2620575B1 - Opening aid for a window, door or the like, and a corresponding window - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an opening support device for a window, a door or the like, with at least one spring device acting between an outer frame and a casement of the window, the door or the like for opening support. The invention further relates to a window.

The opening support device of the type mentioned is known from the prior art. It is assigned to the window or a comparable device, for example a door, only the window being dealt with below. However, an analog use for the comparable device is of course always possible. The window has the window frame and the casement. The frame can be arranged in a fixed position in a building recess of a building. The building recess can be, for example, a window opening in a building surface, for example a wall or a roof. The building surface is at a certain angle of inclination, for example a roof angle of the roof. Accordingly, the frame is arranged at the angle of inclination.

The casement is movably mounted on the frame and can be pivoted with respect to it at least about a first axis. The pivoting can be carried out in particular as folding, pivoting or swinging. When folding, the first axis lies in an upper region of the roof window, in particular in an upper third of the roof window - in relation to its height - or in the region of the upper edge of the casement in front. By folding the sash frame can be brought from a closed position into a (first) open position or vice versa relative to the frame. In the (first) open position, the roof window is essentially completely open.

For pivoting, the first axis lies in a central area of the roof window, in particular in a second third in relation to the height of the roof window. The pivoting serves, for example, to bring the casement from the closed position into a second open position, in particular a cleaning position, or vice versa. In the cleaning position, an outer glass surface of the window can also be cleaned easily and easily. Finally, when swinging, the pivoting takes place about several first axes, which are usually parallel to one another. For example, when swinging, there is simultaneously pivoting about the first axis used for folding and the first axis used for pivoting. The swinging serves in particular to bring the casement from the closed position into a third open position, in particular a ventilation position.

When opening the window, in particular when folding about the first axis lying in the upper region of the roof window, an operator performing the opening must exert a comparatively large force on an operating element of the window in order to overcome the influence of gravity on the casement. For this reason, the window is assigned the opening support device, which has a spring device that supports the operator in opening the window. For this purpose, the spring device brings the sash into the direction of the desired open position and thus the opening supporting force or a corresponding torque on the casement.

The window is characterized by an opening angle range which begins when the window is closed or the corresponding opening angle and ends at a maximum permissible opening angle. The opening angle range therefore describes the entirety of the opening angles at which the casement can exist with respect to the window frame until the maximum permissible opening angle is reached. The opening angle range is divided into at least two partial opening angle ranges. The first partial opening angle region starts or includes the closed position, while at least one further partial opening angle region adjoins the first partial opening angle region. In the first part of the opening angle, the window should be able to be opened by the operator with little effort and the sash frame should remain at its current opening angle if the operator is absent, for example if the operator releases the control element. At the same time, however, it should also be possible for the operator to open it with little effort in the opening angle partial region adjoining the first opening angle partial region.

The total operating force or the corresponding total torque acting on the casement for opening the window is composed of the operating force exerted by the operator and the spring force caused by the at least one spring device or the respectively corresponding torques. The one needed to open the window Operating force is now usually greater at small opening angles and decreases with increasing opening angle, because the spring device at small opening angles - in spite of high spring force - only provides a small torque directed towards opening the window. In order to keep the operating force as low as possible, that is to make the opening of the window as easy as possible for the operator, the spring force must be very large at small opening angles.

The spring force of the spring device is determined by the currently available spring travel and the spring constant of the spring device. The travel is determined by the opening angle range. The spring travel - when considering the opening angle range - is usually maximum when the window or the sash is in the closed position; accordingly, the spring device is almost completely tensioned. In contrast, the smallest spring travel is in an almost completely relaxed state of the spring device, that is, in the open position of the window. In addition, it is often provided that the spring device must never be fully relaxed in order to prevent the spring device from being released from its suspension. Because the spring travel is predetermined by the opening angle range, the spring force can be adjusted on the one hand via the spring constant and on the other hand by prestressing the spring device in order to adjust the opening support device to the weight of the casement and / or the inclination of the window, which is determined, for example, by the roof pitch to vote.

If the spring constant and / or the pretension of the spring device is chosen such that the sash remains at is realized at the momentary opening angle, the spring device is often already largely relaxed when leaving the first opening angle partial area, that is, the spring travel is so small that the spring force caused is low. Accordingly, the operator has to exert a very large operating force in order to achieve the necessary total operating force outside the first opening angle partial range. If, on the other hand, the spring constant is chosen larger, so that the desired opening support also takes place outside the first opening angle partial area, i.e. the spring force is still sufficiently large there, then the torque caused in the first opening angle partial area is so great that the sash remains at the current opening angle Elimination of the operating force cannot be realized because the spring force alone, ie without additional operating force, already causes the window to open further.

The opening support device known from the prior art thus has the disadvantage that either in the first opening angle partial area the sash remains at the current opening angle when the operating force is lost or - with a correspondingly larger spring constant - an operation by the operator with little effort outside of the first partial opening angle range can be realized, but not both at the same time.

EP 0 733 146 A1 discloses an opening support device according to the preamble of claim 1.

It is therefore the object of the invention to present an opening support device which does not have these disadvantages, but rather, in particular in the first partial opening angle area, a persistence of the sash frame at the presently existing opening angle when the operating force is lost and, moreover, sufficient Opening support made possible outside the first opening angle partial area.

This is achieved according to the invention with an opening support device with the features of claim 1. It is provided that the spring device has a plurality of springs connected in series and having different spring constants. The spring device thus has a plurality of springs which are mechanically connected in series or arranged in series. Each of the springs causes a spring force determined by the respective spring travel and the respective spring constant. A total spring force of the spring device now results from the spring forces of all springs. By arranging the springs one behind the other, the individual spring forces are normally the same and correspond to the total spring force. The spring travel of the springs is adjusted according to the spring constant and add up to a total spring travel of the spring device.

In principle, the spring device can have any number of springs. These are preferably matched to one another in such a way that each of the springs has its main effect in at least one of the partial opening angle regions. Each spring can preferably be assigned to exactly one opening angle partial area. Accordingly, as many springs as partial opening angle regions are preferably provided. Usually, however, only two partial opening angle areas and correspondingly only two springs are provided per spring device. Because each spring is assigned to one of the partial opening angle areas and has its main effect in it, the partial opening angle area can existing spring force to be adjusted to the total operating force required to open the window. This is preferably done in such a way that the operating force required to open the window, which must be applied by the operator, is always less than a default operating force. Support for opening can be said to exist if the operator required to open the window is less than the default operator.

Accordingly, the spring force or the total spring force of the spring device must be greater than a minimum spring force. According to the invention, this should be the case over the entire opening angle range, that is to say for each partial opening angle range. However, in order to at the same time realize that the casement remains at the current opening angle when the operating force is lost, the spring force must at the same time be less than a maximum spring force. Again, this is preferably the case over the entire opening angle range, at least in the first opening angle partial range. The minimum spring force and / or the maximum spring force can be dependent on the opening angle, that is to say as functions thereof. Accordingly, the minimum spring force and / or the maximum spring force can have different values for different opening angles.

The invention provides that at least one first spring of the springs designed as a main spring has a first spring constant and at least one second spring of the springs as an auxiliary spring has a second spring constant, the second spring constant being smaller than the first spring constant. The spring device accordingly has at least two springs, wherein one is designed as a main spring and another as an auxiliary spring. Of course, however, it can be provided that more than two springs are present, in which case, for example, several springs are designed as main springs and / or several springs are used as auxiliary springs. The main spring has the first spring constant and the auxiliary spring has the smaller second spring constant. The main spring is now assigned, for example, to the first partial opening angle region and the auxiliary spring to the at least one further partial opening angle region.

The main spring or its spring constant is selected such that the opening support is implemented in the first partial opening angle area in such a way that the wing frame remains in its current opening angle when the operating force is lost. The auxiliary spring is preferably present in the fully tensioned state in the entire first partial opening angle area, so that the spring force which flows into the total actuating force is generated only by the first main spring. The fully tensioned state is to be understood as a state in which the spring travel of the spring under consideration does not increase any further even when the force acting on it is increased. Outside the first partial opening angle range, the auxiliary spring should now also relax, so that the total spring force now generated jointly by the main spring and the auxiliary spring is still sufficient to support the opening of the window, the operating force required for this being smaller than the default operating force.

The invention provides that the spring device has a first coupling point and a second coupling point, the coupling points being at least essentially rectified guided displaceably and arranged between them the springs connected in series and connected to them. The spring device is connected to the window frame and the casement frame of the window via the coupling points. For example, the first coupling point is operatively connected to the casement and the second coupling point to the frame, in particular via a lever element. The coupling points can be displaced in the same direction with respect to the spring device, that is to say they can be displaced with respect to the longitudinal extent of the spring device or the springs assigned to it. Both coupling points preferably have only one degree of freedom, which is aligned in such a way that the springs are tensioned or relaxed by moving the coupling points. The springs of the spring device are all operatively connected between the two coupling points, the first and the last of the springs connected in series being connected to one of the coupling points.

A further development of the invention provides that the spring constants are selected such that the main spring is at least partially tensioned and the auxiliary spring is fully tensioned at a first distance from the first and second coupling point, and the auxiliary spring is only partially tensioned at a smaller second distance, the distance of the Coupling points depends on the size of an opening angle of the window, the door or the like. By opening or closing the window, the distance between the coupling points is changed accordingly. For example, the greatest distance between the coupling points is in the closed position of the window and decreases with increasing opening angle. Alternatively, an inverted version can of course also be provided. At a first, larger distance between the coupling points now both springs must be tensioned, the auxiliary spring being fully tensioned, so that its spring travel does not continue to increase even under greater stress. The main spring, however, is at least partially, preferably also fully tensioned. In the case of the main spring, a complete tension is to be understood to mean that its spring travel is maximum when viewed over the entire opening angle range in the state of complete tension.

At the second distance, which is smaller than the first distance, on the other hand, the auxiliary spring should only be partially tensioned. Usually, the main spring will also be at least slightly tensioned, whereby its spring travel can be significantly smaller than that of the auxiliary spring due to the different spring constants. Due to the series connection of the auxiliary spring and the main spring, however, the main spring can never be completely relaxed as long as the auxiliary spring is still under tension. The first distance between the coupling points is now preferably in the first partial opening angle region and the second distance outside the first partial opening angle region. In the entire first partial opening angle range, the auxiliary spring should therefore be fully tensioned, while only the main spring is at least partially tensioned. Outside the first partial opening angle range, on the other hand, both the main spring and the auxiliary spring should only be partially, that is to say not fully tensioned.

The invention provides that the first coupling point is connected to the main spring on a first side thereof and a connecting body is fastened to the main spring on a second side opposite the first side, the auxiliary spring abutting or fastening to the connecting body with a first side and on one side opposite the first second side of the auxiliary spring, the second coupling point is connected to it. The first coupling point and the connecting body are therefore connected to the main spring. The main spring and the auxiliary spring are operatively connected to one another via the connecting body. For this purpose, for example, the auxiliary spring is also fastened to the connecting body or at least rests on or is supported on the latter. The second coupling point is connected on the side of the auxiliary spring facing away from the connecting body, that is to say the second side of the auxiliary spring. This results in the series connection of the springs designed as main spring and auxiliary spring.

A further development of the invention provides that the main spring and / or the auxiliary spring are each present as at least one coil spring or gas spring. Basically, the springs, in particular the main spring or the auxiliary spring, can be of any design. However, it is particularly preferred that at least one of the springs is in the form of a coil spring or gas spring. For example, the main spring is designed as a coil spring and the auxiliary spring as a coil spring or gas spring.

A further development of the invention provides that the springs are arranged coaxially with one another. This means that the directions of action along which the springs produce their respective spring force are in alignment or in agreement with one another.

The invention provides that the auxiliary spring is arranged in the main spring. The main spring therefore has a (central) recess in which the auxiliary spring is present. For this purpose, it is designed, for example, as a cylindrical coil spring.

The recess of the main spring has inner dimensions, which are preferably larger than the outer dimensions of the auxiliary spring, but at least correspond to them, so that the function of both the auxiliary spring and the main spring is ensured.

A further development of the invention provides that the auxiliary spring is arranged in a guide sleeve. This is particularly useful if the auxiliary spring is in the form of a helical spring, in particular a cylindrical helical spring, and is arranged in the main spring. The guide spring can be used to prevent the auxiliary spring from buckling perpendicular to its direction of action. For this purpose, the guide sleeve has internal dimensions, which - seen in cross section - essentially correspond to the external dimensions of the auxiliary spring. Of course, the dimensions are chosen relative to one another in such a way that the auxiliary spring functions properly, in particular that the auxiliary spring is prevented from becoming stuck in the guide sleeve. If the auxiliary spring is to be present in the main spring, the guide sleeve has outside dimensions which are smaller than or equal to the inside dimensions of the main spring.

A further development of the invention provides that for the operative connection between the second coupling point and the auxiliary spring, a coupling element which extends through the connecting body and preferably the auxiliary spring is provided at least in some areas. The coupling element establishes the operative connection between the auxiliary spring and the second coupling point. For this purpose, it preferably engages on the second side of the auxiliary spring, ie the side of the auxiliary spring facing away from the connecting body. On his other On the side, it is connected to the second coupling point or has it. The coupling element extends through the connecting body and / or the auxiliary spring. The coupling element is usually completely penetrated by the coupling element in the axial direction, while the auxiliary spring is only partially or likewise completely penetrated in the axial direction.

The invention provides that the main spring is designed as a tension spring and the auxiliary spring as a tension spring or compression spring. The direction of action of the spring is determined by the terms "tension spring" and "compression spring". A tension spring has a small axial extension in the relaxed state, while it has a larger extension in the at least partially tensioned state. In the compression spring, the greatest axial extent is in the relaxed state, while the axial extent is smaller in the at least partially tensioned state. However, the definition of the spring travel is always the same: the smallest travel is in the relaxed state and the largest travel in the (fully) tensioned state. If the respective spring is designed as a helical spring, a tension spring can be referred to as a helical tension spring and a compression spring as a helical compression spring. Accordingly, a gas spring can be provided as a gas tension spring or gas pressure spring.

A further development of the invention provides that at least one of the springs is assigned a spring travel limiting element, in particular in the form of a spring cage. The spring travel limiting element serves to limit the maximum spring travel of the respective spring. It therefore does not allow the maximum travel to be exceeded by the travel. With the help of the travel limitation element For example, the embodiment described above can also be realized with springs designed only as tension springs, according to which the main spring is at least partially and the auxiliary spring fully tensioned at a first distance between the coupling points, while the auxiliary spring and the main spring are only partially tensioned at the smaller second distance , The spring travel limiting element is present, for example, as a spring cage which at least partially encompasses the spring. In particular, the spring travel limiting element has at least one end stop against which the spring comes when the maximum spring travel is reached and subsequently bears against it. Accordingly, the spring travel cannot be increased further. The spring travel limiting element can, for example, be formed together with the guide sleeve or be integrated into it.

A further development of the invention provides a pretensioning device, by means of which the distance between the first and the second coupling point can be adjusted. In this way, a desired bias of the spring device can be set. In particular, the pretensioning device serves to adjust the spring device after mounting the spring device on the window in such a way that the spring is always at least partially tensioned at every opening angle within the opening angle range of the window, i.e. the springs are in a completely relaxed state at no opening angle. In conventional designs of the opening support device, such complete relaxation would lead to an interruption of the operative connection between the spring device and the frame or the sash frame, so that opening support is no longer possible subsequently.

A further development of the invention provides that one of the coupling points is attached to the frame or the sash frame and the other of the coupling points is attached to a lever element acting between the frame and the sash frame. As already described above, one of the coupling points is attached to the frame or the sash and the other coupling point to the respective other element. The coupling points can, but need not, be attached directly to the elements mentioned in each case. Rather, only an indirect fastening can be provided by establishing a corresponding operative connection.

The operative connection between the casement and the frame should be via the lever element. For example, it is provided that one of the coupling points is attached directly to the window frame or the sash frame, that is to say it cannot be displaced relative to the latter. The other of the coupling points, however, should be connected to the lever element. The lever element is connected to both the frame and the sash frame and, through its lever action, effects the conversion of the spring force into the opening support, ie the corresponding torque. For this purpose, the lever element has, for example, two connection points, one of the connection points being present on the frame. Finally, the spring device acts on the second of the connection points. The lever element is rotatably mounted at the connection points. For example, the lever element is connected to the spring device via a displaceable slide.

A further development of the invention provides a further spring device which is operatively connected to the frame and the sash frame via a respective pivot bearing. The further spring device is provided to further improve the opening support. It causes a further spring force, which generates an additional torque directed towards opening the window and thus reduces the operating force required to open the window. For this purpose, the further spring device is operatively connected to the window frame and the sash frame, for example, via two pivot bearings. The further spring device acts on the sash frame in such a way that a torque is generated around the first axis, for example. The further spring device has, for example, at least one gas pressure spring. Of course, several such spring devices can also be provided. In particular, one of these spring devices is assigned to each side member of the casement.

The invention further relates to a window, in particular a roof window, with a casement, a window frame and an opening support device according to the above statements. With regard to the opening support device, reference is again made to the above statements. The support angle range describes the angle range within which the opening of the window is supported by the opening support device. This is the case if the operating force to be opened to open the window is less than the default operating force, which has already been explained above. Ideally, the support angle range extends over the entire opening angle range of the window, so it essentially corresponds to this. However, it can of course also be provided that the support angle range is only part of the opening angle range covers, so that outside the support angle range, the operator required to open the window is greater than the default operator.

A further development of the invention provides that the support angle range is divided into at least two support angle partial ranges, with at least a first of the springs being at least partially tensioned and a second of the springs being fully tensioned in a first of the support angle partial ranges present at smaller opening angles, and both being in a second of the support angle partial ranges the first as well as the second of the springs is only partially tensioned. The first of the support angle partial areas preferably starts from the closed position, while the second of the support angle partial areas adjoins the first of the support angle partial areas. The first of the springs corresponds to the main spring described above, while the second of the springs is an auxiliary spring.

In the closed position or at an opening angle corresponding to this, the main spring is at least partially and the auxiliary spring fully tensioned. If the window is now opened by applying the operating force, only the main spring effects the spring force because the auxiliary spring is fully tensioned and only causes a spring force which is less than the spring force of the main spring. However, because the auxiliary spring is fully tensioned and its travel does not change, it transfers the spring force caused by the main spring between the main spring and the coupling point facing away from it. Only when the second of the support angle partial areas is reached (starting from the first of the support angle partial areas) is the The spring force of the main spring has dropped so much that the spring force caused by it corresponds to the spring force of the auxiliary spring, which is still fully tensioned.

As the opening angle increases, both the main spring and the auxiliary spring relax in the second of the support angle partial regions. At the end of the second of the support angle partial areas, which preferably coincides with the end of the opening angle area of the window, both springs are therefore partially relaxed. The springs are preferably largely relaxed, that is to say they only have a low total spring force.

Figur 1

eine Seitenschnittansicht eines Fensters, mit einem Blendrahmen und einem Flügelrahmen sowie einer Öffnungsunterstützungsvorrichtung, wobei der Flügelrahmen bezüglich des Blendrahmens bei einem einer Geschlossenstellung des Fensters entsprechenden ersten Öffnungswinkel vorliegt,

Figur 2

das aus der Figur 1 bekannte Fenster, wobei der Flügelrahmen unter einem zweiten Öffnungswinkel zu dem Blendrahmen angeordnet ist,

Figur 3

das aus den Figuren 1 und 2 bekannte Fenster, wobei der Flügelrahmen bezüglich des Blendrahmens unter einem dritten Öffnungswinkel vorliegt,

Figur 4

die Öffnungsunterstützungsvorrichtung bei Vorliegen des ersten Öffnungswinkels,

Figur 5

die Öffnungsunterstützungsvorrichtung bei Vorliegen des zweiten Öffnungswinkels, und

Figur 6

die Öffnungsunterstützungsvorrichtung bei Vorliegen des dritten Öffnungswinkels.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing, without the invention being restricted. Show:

Figure 1

2 shows a sectional side view of a window, with a window frame and a casement frame and an opening support device, the casement frame being present with respect to the window frame at a first opening angle corresponding to a closed position of the window,

Figure 2

that from the Figure 1 known windows, the casement being arranged at a second opening angle to the window frame,

Figure 3

that from the Figures 1 and 2 known windows, the casement being present at a third opening angle with respect to the window frame,

Figure 4

the opening support device when the first opening angle is present,

Figure 5

the opening support device in the presence of the second opening angle, and

Figure 6

the opening support device in the presence of the third opening angle.

The Figure 1 shows a side sectional view of a window 1, in particular a roof window. The window 1 has a window frame 2 and a casement 3, the window frame 2 being arranged fixed in a building recess or the like. The sash 3, however, is pivotable with respect to the frame 2, in particular about an axis 4. In the in the Figure 1 shown closed position is a frame level 5 in or parallel to a sash level 6; By definition, there is an opening angle of 0 ° in the closed position. The window 1 has an opening angle range which extends from the opening angle present in the closed position to a larger opening angle present in the open position. The opening angle range therefore extends from the opening angle corresponding to the closed position up to an opening angle at which the window 1 is fully open. The process of opening the window 1 is based on the Figures 1 to 3 shown, the Figure 1 window 1 shows at a first opening angle, which corresponds to the closed position.

The window 1 has an opening support device 7 which has at least one spring device 8. The spring device 8 consists of several springs 9 connected in series. At least two spring devices 8 are preferably assigned to each window 1. For example, the opening support device 7 is in or on the casement 3. In particular, a spring device 8 is assigned to each side member of the casement 3. In addition to the spring device 8, a further spring device 10 can be provided. Both the spring device 8 and the further spring device 10 bring about a spring force directed at the opening of the window 1.

To open the window 1, that is, to increase the opening angle between the sash 3 and the frame 2, a certain torque must act on the sash 3 about the pivot axis 4. This torque is composed of an operating moment impressed on the casement 3 by an operator of the window 1 and a supporting moment generated by the opening support device 7. The torque is counteracted by a torque caused by the influence of gravity on the casement 3 and directed towards the closing of the window 1. The opening support device 7 supports in particular a folding movement of the window 1, that is, a folding about the axis 4, which is usually present in an upper region of the casement 3. The axis 4 is arranged horizontally, ie it is parallel to a horizontal spar of the window 1.

The operating moment is usually impressed on the casement 3 by the operator via an operating element (not shown), the distance from which to the pivot axis 4 is known. In this respect, instead of the operating torque, it can also be opened of the window 1 necessary operating force can be spoken with which the operator must act on the control element to open the window 1. The opening support device 7 is provided to reduce the necessary operating force and, in particular, to hold it essentially independently of the size of the window 1 or - in the case of a roof window - the inclination of the roof and the corresponding inclination of the window 1. Advantageously, the operating force over the entire opening angle range of the window 1 should be less than a specific default operating force and, in a particularly preferred embodiment, should be at least almost constant.

The Figure 2 shows the window 1 at a second opening angle, which is larger than the first opening angle, during the Figure 3 shows the window 1 at a third opening angle, which in turn is larger than the second opening angle. The opening angle is between the frame level 5 and the sash level 6, as shown in particular in FIG Figures 2 and 3 is recognizable.

From the Figures 1 to 3 it can be seen that the spring device 8 has a first coupling point 11 and a second coupling point 12, the spring device 8 being operatively connected to a lever element 14 at the second coupling point 12, for example via a slide 13. The lever element 14 is pivotally connected to the slide 13 at a first connection point 15. Via a second connection point 17, the lever element 14 is pivotably articulated on the frame 2. The spring device 8 now brings about a total spring force on the lever element 14, which is composed of the individual spring forces of the springs 9.

From the Figures 1 to 3 it can be seen that the first connection point 15 of the lever element 14 together with the slide 13 can be displaced with respect to the sash frame 3 with respect to a longitudinal axis 18 (which lies here in the sash frame plane 6 and in the direction of action of the springs 9). In contrast, the second connection point 17 is arranged stationary with respect to the frame 2. This means that the leverage of the lever element 14 is small at small opening angles and increases steadily with increasing opening angles. The same also applies to the further spring device 10, which is operatively connected to the frame 2 via a pivot bearing 19 and to the casement 3 via a further pivot bearing 20. Correspondingly, the support torque, which is caused at small opening angles and is directed toward opening the window 1, is low, despite the high overall spring force. As the opening angle increases, the total spring force provided by the spring device 8 drops because the springs 9 relax, but at the same time the lever effect of the lever element 14 increases.

The window 1 should be designed in such a way that it is easy to operate in at least a first partial opening angle area that immediately adjoins or includes the closed position and also remains in the current opening angle when the operating force exerted by the operator is lost. At the same time, it should also be possible to easily open window 1 outside the first partial opening angle range. Accordingly, the necessary operating force should be present both in the first partial opening angle area and outside of it smaller than the default operator. In order to meet the conditions mentioned in the first partial opening angle range, the total spring force must be comparatively large for large windows 1 and / or if the window 1 is strongly inclined (for example due to a strong roof inclination).

The size of the total spring force is determined in particular by the spring constants of the springs 9 and their pretension, because the spring travel of the spring 9 is essentially predetermined by the opening angle range. Accordingly, in order to increase the total spring force for a given spring travel, the spring constants of the spring 9 must be increased or the spring device 8 must be preloaded more strongly. In the case of conventional windows 1 or opening support devices 7, the spring constants 9 of the springs are either selected in such a way that they allow the sash frame 3 to remain at the current opening angle in the first opening angle partial area when the operator is no longer present, or to provide sufficient opening support outside the first angular range.

Basically, a distinction can be made between two cases: in the first case, the spring device 8 is designed in such a way that the support torque in the first angle of rotation range is so small that the sash frame 3 remains at the instantaneous opening angle if the operating force is lost. However, this also means that outside of the first partial opening angle range, the support torque - due to springs 9 that have already been largely relaxed - is low, so that a very large operator force must be applied by the operator. This operator is often larger than the default operator. In the second case, the spring device set in such a way that the operating force is smaller than the default operating force even outside the first partial opening angle range. However, this means that within the first partial opening angle range, the support torque is so large that, even if the operating force is lost, the sash 3 does not remain at the current opening angle, but rather the window 1 automatically opens further.

This is avoided with the opening support device 7 presented here, which is based on the Figures 4 to 6 is explained in more detail below.

The Figure 4 shows a detailed sectional view of the opening support device 7 with the spring device 8. It can be seen that the springs 9 are guided in the housing 16 of the spring device 8. The housing 16 can be designed as a separate element or, alternatively, can be part of the casement 3. A first spring of the springs 9 is present as the main spring 21, while a second spring of the spring 9 is designed as an auxiliary spring 22. The main spring 21 now has a first spring constant and the auxiliary spring 22 has a second spring constant. The second spring constant should be smaller than the first spring constant. On a first side 23 of the main spring 21, the latter is connected to the housing 16 via a pretensioning device 24. The first side 23 of the main spring 21 is therefore not freely movable in the housing 16, but its position can only be adjusted by means of the pretensioning device 24.

For this purpose, the prestressing device 24 has a prestressing body 25, which is located on the first side 23 of the main spring 21 is attached. For this purpose, it is encompassed, for example, by a few turns of the main spring 21. The biasing body 25 has an internal thread which interacts with an external thread of a threaded rod 26. On the side of the threaded rod 26 facing away from the main spring 21, an operating element 27 is provided, which can be actuated, for example, with a pretensioning tool. By means of the prestressing tool, a rotary movement can be impressed on the threaded rod 26 via the operating element 27. As a result of this rotary movement, the prestressing body 25 and thus the first side 23 of the main spring 21 are displaced in the axial direction, that is to say along the longitudinal axis 18.

On the second side 28 of the main spring 21 facing away from the first side 23, a connecting body 29 is fastened to it, for example in turn by some turns of the main spring 21 engaging around the connecting body 29. An operative connection between the main spring 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 is established via the connecting body 29. For this purpose, the connecting body 29 has a support surface 30 on its side facing the auxiliary spring 22. The auxiliary spring 22 lies on this with a first side 31. In addition, the auxiliary spring 22 can be fastened to the connecting body 29. Opposite the first side 31, a coupling element 33 is attached to a second side 32 of the auxiliary spring 22. The coupling element 33 is present, for example, as a coupling rod. An operative connection between the second side 32 of the auxiliary spring 22 and the second coupling point 12 is established via the coupling element 33. For this purpose, the coupling element 33 extends through the auxiliary spring 22 from its first side 31 to its second side 32 and has at least one support body 34, for example in the form of a or several radial projections. The second side 32 of the auxiliary spring 22 is supported on this support body 34. In addition, the coupling element 33 completely engages through the connecting body 29 in the axial direction.

From the Figure 4 it becomes clear that the auxiliary spring 22 is coaxial with the main spring 21 and is arranged in the latter. For this purpose, the auxiliary spring 22 is arranged, for example, in a guide sleeve 35. The guide sleeve 35 prevents direct contact between the main spring 21 and auxiliary spring 22 in the radial direction and thus ensures the functionality of the spring device 8. In the embodiment shown here, the main spring 21 is designed as a tension spring and the auxiliary spring 22 as a compression spring. Both springs 21 and 22 are in the form of coil springs. In this respect, the main spring 21 can also be referred to as a helical tension spring and the auxiliary spring 22 as a helical compression spring. In particular, the auxiliary spring 22 can, however, in principle be of any design, for example as a gas spring or the like. It is only important that the spring constant of the auxiliary spring 22 is smaller than the spring constant of the main spring 21.

The two coupling points 11 and 12 of the spring device 8 can be displaced essentially in the same direction, in the embodiment shown here along the longitudinal axis 18. The springs 9 or the main spring 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 are arranged between them. The main spring 21 is only in direct operative connection with the first coupling point 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 only with the second coupling point 12. They are only indirectly operatively connected to the other coupling point 11 or 12 via the respective other spring 9. Overall, the main spring is 21 only directly connected to the first coupling point 11 and the auxiliary spring 22 only to the second coupling point 12.

As already with the Figures 1 to 3 explained, the distance between the coupling points 11 and 12 depends on the current size of the opening angle of the window 1. In the Figure 4 the opening support device 7 is shown at the first opening angle, which is also the case with the window 1 Figure 1 is present. Because the window 1 is in the closed position, the greatest distance between the coupling points 11 and 12 is above the opening angle range. Of course, the distance can also be changed manually in the closed position by means of the pretensioning device 24. The first coupling point 11 and the second coupling point 12 are at a first distance from one another. The spring constants of the main spring 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 should now be selected such that the auxiliary spring 22 is completely tensioned at the first distance between the coupling points 11 and 12, while the main spring 21 is at least partially tensioned.

The main spring 21 can, but need not, also be fully tensioned. In the closed position, that is to say at the first distance between the coupling points 11 and 12, the greatest total spring force of the spring device 8 is present, which acts between the coupling points 11 and 12. Accordingly, the opening of the window 1 can initially be supported with the high total spring force (but only a small leverage effect). In the Figure 4 it is clear that the pivot axis 4 is present at a connection point 36 at which the frame 2 and the sash 3 are pivotally connected to one another. The junction 36 is present a lever extension 37 of the casement 3 or the housing 16 of the opening support device 7.

The main spring 21 has an outer diameter which essentially corresponds to an inner diameter of a guide region 38 of the housing 16. In this way, buckling of the main spring 21 in the radial direction (ie perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 18) is prevented. The guide sleeve 35 has corresponding outer dimensions, which essentially correspond to the inner diameter of the main spring 21 or are slightly smaller. In contrast, the inside diameter essentially corresponds to the outside diameter of the auxiliary spring 22 or is slightly larger. In this way, a reliable guiding of the main spring 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 is ensured in the radial direction, so that the springs 21 and 22 can only be deformed in the axial direction and cannot buckle in the radial direction.

The Figure 5 shows the from the Figure 4 known opening support device 7 at the second opening angle, which is larger than the first opening angle. At this second opening angle, the coupling points 11 and 12 are at a second distance from one another which is smaller than the first distance. The second opening angle should lie on the side of the first opening angle partial area facing away from the closed position. At this opening angle, the spring forces each caused by the main spring 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 are of the same magnitude, the main spring 21 being only partially tensioned and the auxiliary spring 22 still being fully tensioned. However, if the opening angle of the window 1 is only slightly increased, starting from the second opening angle, the auxiliary spring 22 also begins to relax. The spring forces of the main spring 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 always correspond.

If the window 1 is opened further, the third opening angle is set, which is greater than the second opening angle and is preferably in the open position of the window 1, in which the window 1 is fully open. At the third opening angle there is a distance between the coupling points 11 and 12 which is smaller than the second distance. Correspondingly, starting from the second opening angle, the main spring 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 have relaxed further. However, it should preferably be ensured that the main spring 21 and the auxiliary spring 22 are not completely relaxed even when the window 1 is fully open, that is to say at the third opening angle. In this way it is prevented that, for example, the coupling element 33 detaches from the slide 13, with the result that opening support for the window 1 would subsequently no longer be possible. When installing the window 1, the spring device 8 must therefore be adjusted accordingly, for which purpose the distance between the coupling points 11 and 12 is selected by means of the pretensioning device 24 such that all the springs 9 of the spring device 8 are at least partially tensioned even when the window 1 is fully open.

The opening support device 7 presented here ensures that, in particular even with large windows 1 and / or strong inclination of the window 1, it is both possible to remain at the same opening angle in the first partial opening angle range and there is sufficient opening support outside the first partial opening angle region. It acts in the first partial opening angle range, that is, between the first opening angle and the second opening angle, only the main spring 21, while the auxiliary spring 22 is in the fully tensioned state and cannot be compressed any further. In contrast, the auxiliary spring 22 also begins to relax between the second and the third opening angle, so that the total spring force of the main spring 21 and auxiliary spring 22 is generated together. The spring constants of the springs 9 are therefore to be selected such that, both over the entire opening angle range, at least within a support angle range, both the persistence at the current opening angle and sufficient opening support are realized, the operating force being less than the default operating force.

Claims (11)

1. Opening support device (7) for a window (1), a door or the like, with at least one spring device (8) acting between a blind frame (2) and a sash frame (3) of the window (1), the door or the like for opening support, wherein the spring device (8) has several springs (9) connected in series and having different spring constants, at least one first spring of the springs (9), which is designed as a main spring (21), having a first spring constant and at least one second spring of the springs (9), which is present as an auxiliary spring (22), having a second spring constant, the second spring constant being smaller than the first spring constant, and the spring device (8) having a first coupling point (11) and a second coupling point (12), the coupling points (11,12) are displaceably guided at least substantially in the same direction and the springs (9) connected in series are arranged between them and connected to them, characterized in that the auxiliary spring (22) is arranged in the main spring (21), and in that the main spring (21) is designed as a tension spring and the auxiliary spring (22) is designed as a compression spring, wherein the first coupling point (11) is connected to the main spring (21) on a first side (23) of the main spring (21) and a connecting body (29) is fastened to the main spring (21) on a second side (28) of the main spring (21) opposite the first side (23), wherein the auxiliary spring (22) abuts with a first side (31) against the connecting body (29) and on a second side (32) of the auxiliary spring (22) opposite the first side (31) the second coupling point (12) is connected to the auxiliary spring (22).
2. Opening support device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring constants are selected such that, at a first distance from the first and second coupling point (11, 12), the main spring (21) is at least partially tensioned and the auxiliary spring (22) is completely tensioned and, at a smaller second distance, the auxiliary spring (22) is only partially tensioned, the distance between the coupling points (11, 12) being dependent on the size of an opening angle of the window (1), the door or the like.
3. Opening support device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main spring (21) and/or the auxiliary spring (22) are each present as at least one helical spring or gas spring.
4. Opening support device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the springs (9) are arranged coaxially to each other.
5. Opening support device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary spring (22) is arranged in a guide sleeve (35).
6. Opening support device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a coupling element (33) is provided for the operative connection between the second coupling point (12) and the auxiliary spring (22), said coupling element (33) in each case engaging through the connecting body (29) and preferably the auxiliary spring (22) at least in regions.
7. Opening support device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the springs (9) is assigned a spring travel limiting element, in particular in the form of a spring cage.
8. Opening support device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a pretensioning device (24) by means of which the distance between the first and the second coupling point (11, 12) can be adjusted.
9. Opening support device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the coupling points (11, 12) is fastened to the window frame (2) or the sash frame (3) and the other of the coupling points (12, 11) is fastened to a lever element (14) acting between the blind frame (2) and the sash frame (3).
10. Opening support device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a further spring device (10) which is operatively connected to the blind frame (2) and the sash frame (3) via a pivot bearing (19, 20) in each case.
11. Window (1), in particular roof window, having a sash frame (3), a blind frame (2) and an opening support device (7) according to one or more of the preceding claims.

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