EP2618425B1 - Antenna cover - Google Patents

Antenna cover Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2618425B1
EP2618425B1 EP12189032.1A EP12189032A EP2618425B1 EP 2618425 B1 EP2618425 B1 EP 2618425B1 EP 12189032 A EP12189032 A EP 12189032A EP 2618425 B1 EP2618425 B1 EP 2618425B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
aperture
cover
metal part
recess
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EP12189032.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2618425A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Bonerz
Josef Greif
Wolfgang Bechteler
Florian Merz
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OTT Jakob Spanntechnik GmbH
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OTT Jakob Spanntechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP2618425A1 publication Critical patent/EP2618425A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna cover for covering at least one antenna with respect to the processing space of a processing machine.
  • wireless data connections to metal-cutting machines are characterized by the presence of sharp-edged metal particles and chips as well as aggressive liquids in the processing area.
  • a device for wireless transmission between two parts of a processing machine is known, one of which rotates in operation relative to the other.
  • dipole antennas are arranged, which extend in the circumferential direction and are embedded for their protection in plastic parts.
  • the US 5,767,789 teaches the mounting of frequency-selective windows in the walls of closed metal containers such as transport containers, computer housings, washing machines or vehicle bodies to enable communication with transponders located in the respective interior of such containers.
  • the EP 1 112 810 A1 shows an arrangement of two looped circumferentially extending antennas on an operating rotating part of a work spindle of a processing machine. Above the antennas a cover is attached, which is suitable for Electromagnetic waves must be permeable and therefore apparently consists of a dielectric.
  • the DE 10 2007 061 707 A1 teaches the integration of a communication unit with a slot antenna into a forklift of a forklift for the purpose of identifying cargo by communicating with transponders located on such cargo.
  • the US 2008/0150691 A1 shows the use of frequency-selective surfaces as aids for the operation of RFID products.
  • An application example consists in a conveyor belt, below which an RFID reader covered by a metal plate with a frequency-selective surface is arranged.
  • the DE 10 2006 026 014 A1 teaches the formation of an antenna for a transponder by means of a recess and a breakthrough in a metallic component associated with the transponder, whereby the impairment of the function of a transponder is to be minimized by the arrangement of a metallic component.
  • a metallic radome for an aircraft or missile having a plurality of angular slots which is covered by a continuous layer of dielectric material.
  • the EP 0 683 542 A2 shows the formation of various embodiments of slot antennas in metallic hollow bodies.
  • the object of the invention is to protect a provided for communication within a processing machine antenna particularly effective against harmful environmental influences.
  • An antenna cover according to the invention for covering at least one antenna with respect to the processing space of a processing machine has a metallic and a non-conductive part.
  • the non-conductive part fills an opening formed in the metallic part, the circumference of which is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in the non-conductive material at the center frequency of the frequency range for which the Antenna is designed to match.
  • the cover has the shape of a plate and forms part of a housing wall bounding the processing space of the processing machine or is installed in such a housing wall.
  • the metallic part has on the side of the cover, which is intended to face the processing space, a recess which surrounds the opening on said side, and the non-conductive part also fills the recess.
  • the non-conductive part is mechanically firmly anchored by the recess in the metallic part and, in operation, can be subjected to a mechanical load from the direction of the machining space, e.g. by impacting metal chips, due to a positive support to the metallic part resist.
  • the depression results in an increase in the distance between the processing space facing surface of the non-conductive part and the opening in the metallic part, whereby the deterioration of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the region of the opening by possibly adhering to the surface of the non-conductive part metal chips reduced becomes.
  • the opening in the metallic part may have the shape of a rectilinear slit or a slot or a circular bore.
  • the smallest cross-sectional dimension of the opening should be at least approximately the thickness of the metal part in the vicinity of the opening to ensure the intended effect of the cover as a bandpass filter for electromagnetic waves.
  • the non-conductive part consists of a potting compound which is cast into the cavity formed in the metallic part by the opening and by a recess surrounding the opening.
  • a separate production of the non-conductive part with exactly to the cavity in the metallic part matching dimensions is unnecessary thereby.
  • a non-conductive part but also a prefabricated molded part of a dielectric material may be used, which is inserted into the cavity and fixed therein, for example, glued.
  • alumina ceramic comes into question, which has the advantage of a relatively large electrical permittivity. This results in a given frequency, a reduction in the wavelength, which allows a reduction in the dimensions of the opening, since they are dependent on the wavelength.
  • a plurality of openings may be provided in the metallic part, each opening being associated with one of a plurality of existing antennas and disposed adjacent to its respective associated antenna. This is advantageous if there is a need for multi-channel communication and for this purpose several communication modules, each with their own antennas to be used. The positions of the individual openings can then be matched to those of the individual antennas in order to minimize the respective attenuation of the electromagnetic waves.
  • the cover may itself constitute part of the antenna by making the antenna a slot antenna whose slot is formed by the slot of the cover. This results in a particularly flat design of the antenna, since in this case only an RF cable needs to be brought to the back of the metallic part and connected at a suitable location with this.
  • an antenna cover 1 has a metallic part 2 with a slot-shaped opening 3 and a groove-shaped depression 4.
  • the part 2 has the shape of a circular plate in the illustrated example. Instead of being circular, the plate could also be oval or rectangular, and it also does not have to be flat, but could instead have a domed shape.
  • the slot 3 and the recess 4 are filled by a non-conductive part 5, ie a dielectric, which in the sectional view of Fig. 2 that are on the line AA in Fig. 1 refers, hatched.
  • the non-conductive part 5 consists of a potting compound based on polyurethane, which is poured into the cavity consisting of the slot 3 and the recess 4 in the metallic part 2 and cured there. In combination, both parts 2 and 5 together form a cover 1 in the form of a plate with smooth surfaces.
  • Fig. 2 which shows a section of the housing of a processing machine
  • the antenna cover 1 is flush mounted in a housing wall 6 of the processing machine.
  • the housing wall 6 limits the processing space of the processing machine, which is in Fig. 2 right of the housing wall 6 and the cover 1 is located.
  • the recess 4 is thus facing the processing space and the slot 3 facing away from the processing space.
  • a potting compound can be used as a non-conductive part 5 of the antenna cover 1, as a non-conductive part 5 of the antenna cover 1, a prefabricated molded part of a dielectric such as Al 2 O 3 .
  • a molded part must be fastened in the cavity consisting of the slot 3 and the recess 4 in the metallic part 2, which can preferably be done by gluing to seal the cavity 7 with the antenna 8 as well as by a potting compound against the processing space.
  • An antenna 8 is aligned within the cavity 7 in the direction of its largest geometric extension orthogonal to the direction of the largest geometric extension of the slot 3.
  • the antenna 8 and the slot 3 each have the smallest mutual distance in the middle of the direction of their respective largest geometric extension. This least mutual distance may be on the order of magnitude of the largest geometric extension of the antenna 8 or be less, as in Fig. 2 is shown.
  • position of the antenna 8 to the slot 3 is to be understood only as an example and depends in each case on the directional characteristic of the antenna 8 and the polarization of the electromagnetic waves.
  • the circumference of the slit 3 corresponds to the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be radiated or received by the antenna 8 which are to pass through the cover 1, in the material of the non-conducting part 3.
  • the wavelength means the center frequency of the bandwidth of the antenna 8 the antenna 8 is designed narrowband.
  • a plurality of antennas 8 may be grouped side by side in front of one or more slots 3 in respective combination with recesses 4.
  • the FIGS. 3 and 4 show two such embodiments in sectional views accordingly Fig. 2 ,
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 3 differs from the one after Fig. 2 merely in that, instead of a single antenna 8, two antennas 8A and 8B are arranged next to each other adjacent to the single opening 3 and symmetrically to it.
  • the two antennas 8A and 8B are each connected to separate communication modules to enable two-channel communication.
  • the two channels differ in the frequency used, but this frequency spacing is small in relation to the width of the passband of the bandpass filter formed by the slot 3. Due to the offset relative to the slot 3 position of the two antennas 8A and 8B results in comparison to the embodiment according to Fig. 2 an increased attenuation, since the slot 3, in contrast to that embodiment is no longer at the level of the intensity maximum of the directional characteristic of the antennas 8A and 8B.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 4 differs from the one after Fig. 2 in that, instead of a single antenna 8 and a single opening 3, two antennas 8A and 8B are arranged side by side, and that each of these antennas 8A and 8B is assigned a separate opening 3A or 3B, respectively, adjacent to which the respective antenna 8A or 8A respectively 8B, in a position in which the slot 3A or 3B is at the level of the intensity maximum of the directional characteristic of the respective antenna 8A or 8B.
  • the disadvantage of increased damping of the embodiment of Fig. 3 is thereby avoided, which is to be accepted, however, that here two non-conductive parts 5A and 5B are required, which are less resistant to loads from the processing space than the metallic part. 2
  • a cover 11 instead of a slot or slot 3 and an opening in the form of a circular bore 13 may be mounted in a metallic part 12, the circumference in this case corresponds to the wavelength of the signals passing through the bore 13 should.
  • the groove-shaped recess 4 of the other embodiments one concentric with the bore 13 here Bore 14 provided with a larger diameter, which does not reach through the metallic part 12, but as the groove-shaped recess 4 has only a limited depth.
  • the second, larger bore 14 is used for fixing a backfilling of the bore 13 with non-conductive potting compound which is also used here. Due to the shoulder at the end of the second bore 14, a positive connection results, through which the potting compound can withstand a force from the direction of the processing space.
  • the viewing direction of Fig. 5 corresponds to that of Fig. 1 ,
  • the antenna 18 is mounted in this embodiment of the cover 11 behind the center of the bore 13, as in the view of Fig. 3 is shown in dashed lines, since the antenna 18 is not visible in this view.
  • the arrangement of a plurality of antennas 18 behind a bore 13 or more holes 13 side by side in a cavity located behind the cover 11 is also possible in this embodiment.
  • the non-metallic part of the cover 11 is in Fig. 5 not shown, but of course also available in this embodiment.
  • FIG Fig. 6 Another embodiment without a separate antenna 8 or 18 is shown in FIG Fig. 6 shown in which an antenna cover 21 in a relation to the FIGS. 1 and 5 opposite viewing direction is shown.
  • the optimal location of these points is to be determined experimentally. The theory says that from the longitudinal end of the slot 23, a distance.
  • the cover 21 is in this case itself a part of the antenna.
  • the non-metallic part of the cover 21 is in Fig. 6 not shown, but of course also available in this embodiment.
  • the antenna cover according to the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may also have other than the shapes shown there.
  • the opening could have a different shape than in the embodiments, for example, a cross or star shape.
  • the decisive factor is that the dimensions of the opening are dimensioned such that electromagnetic signals in the frequency band for which the antenna is designed can pass through the opening. Notwithstanding the in Fig. 3 As shown, two antennas could be arranged with the center of their longest extent each at the level of a slot and in the longitudinal direction of the slot next to each other. Such and similar modifications are at the discretion of the person skilled in the art and are intended to be encompassed by the protection of the claims.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenabdeckung zum Abdecken mindestens einer Antenne gegenüber dem Bearbeitungsraum einer Bearbeitungsmaschine.The invention relates to an antenna cover for covering at least one antenna with respect to the processing space of a processing machine.

Die nähere Umgebung von Antennen wird im Allgemeinen als frei von elektrisch leitfähigen Materialien sowie überwiegend als zeitlich unveränderlich vorausgesetzt. Die Erfüllung dieser Bedingungen kann im harten Umfeld industrieller Anlagen nicht immer gegeben sein. Insbesondere drahtlose Datenverbindungen zu Geräten spanabhebender Metallbearbeitungsmaschinen sind geprägt durch die Präsenz von scharfkantigen Metallpartikeln und Spänen sowie aggressiven Flüssigkeiten im Bearbeitungsraum.The nearer surroundings of antennas are generally assumed to be free of electrically conductive materials and, as a rule, to be immutable in time. The fulfillment of these conditions may not always be possible in the harsh environment of industrial plants. In particular, wireless data connections to metal-cutting machines are characterized by the presence of sharp-edged metal particles and chips as well as aggressive liquids in the processing area.

Der Schutz von in und an diesen Maschinen angebrachten Antennen zur drahtlosen Datenübertragung wird meistens durch die Verwendung kompakter Antennentypen und deren Schutz durch Bedeckung mit nicht leitfähigen Körpern erzielt. Derartige Körper bestehen beispielsweise aus Kunststoff und können aufgrund ihrer geringen Steifigkeit nur begrenzt mechanische Belastungen aufnehmen. Zudem sind relativ großflächige bzw. großvolumige Schutzkörper selbst von mechanischer Schädigung, beispielsweise durch lange scharfkantige Metallspäne, bedroht.The protection of wireless data transmission antennas mounted in and on these machines is mostly achieved by the use of compact types of antennas and their protection by non-conductive body coverage. Such bodies are made of plastic, for example, and due to their low rigidity they can only absorb mechanical loads to a limited extent. In addition, relatively large-scale or large-volume protective body itself from mechanical damage, for example, by long sharp-edged metal chips, threatened.

Aus der DE 10 2008 023 224 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen Übertragung zwischen zwei Teilen einer Bearbeitungsmaschine bekannt, von denen eines im Betrieb relativ zum anderen rotiert. An beiden Teilen sind Dipolantennen angeordnet, die sich in Umfangsrichtung erstrecken und zu ihrem Schutz in Kunststoffteile eingebettet sind. Die US 5,767,789 lehrt die Anbringung von frequenzselektiven Fenstern in den Wänden von geschlossenen Metallbehältern wie Transportbehältern, Computergehäusen, Waschmaschinen oder Fahrzeugkarosserien zur Ermöglichung der Kommunikation mit Transpondern, die im jeweiligen Innenraum solcher Behälter angeordnet sind. Die EP 1 112 810 A1 zeigt eine Anordnung von zwei sich schleifenförmig in Umfangsrichtung erstreckenden Antennen an einem im Betrieb rotierenden Teil einer Arbeitsspindel einer Bearbeitungsmaschine. Über den Antennen ist eine Abdeckung angebracht, die für elektromagnetische Wellen durchlässig sein muss und daher offenbar aus einem Dielektrikum besteht.From the DE 10 2008 023 224 A1 a device for wireless transmission between two parts of a processing machine is known, one of which rotates in operation relative to the other. On both parts dipole antennas are arranged, which extend in the circumferential direction and are embedded for their protection in plastic parts. The US 5,767,789 teaches the mounting of frequency-selective windows in the walls of closed metal containers such as transport containers, computer housings, washing machines or vehicle bodies to enable communication with transponders located in the respective interior of such containers. The EP 1 112 810 A1 shows an arrangement of two looped circumferentially extending antennas on an operating rotating part of a work spindle of a processing machine. Above the antennas a cover is attached, which is suitable for Electromagnetic waves must be permeable and therefore apparently consists of a dielectric.

Die DE 10 2007 061 707 A1 lehrt die Integration einer Kommunikationseinheit mit einer Schlitzantenne in eine Gabelzinke eines Gabelstaplers zum Zweck der Identifikation von Ladungsgütern durch Kommunikation mit an solchen Ladungsgütern angeordneten Transpondern. Die US 2008/0150691 A1 zeigt die Anwendung von frequenzselektiven Oberflächen als Hilfen für den Betrieb von RFID-Produkten. Ein Anwendungsbeispiel besteht in einem Förderband, unterhalb dessen ein durch eine Metallplatte mit einer frequenzselektiven Oberfläche abgedecktes RFID-Lesegerät angeordnet ist. Die DE 10 2006 026 014 A1 lehrt die Bildung einer Antenne für einen Transponder mittels einer Vertiefung und eines Durchbruchs in einem dem Transponder zugeordneten metallischen Bauteil, womit die Beeinträchtigung der Funktion eines Transponders durch die Anordnung an einem metallischen Bauteil minimiert werden soll.The DE 10 2007 061 707 A1 teaches the integration of a communication unit with a slot antenna into a forklift of a forklift for the purpose of identifying cargo by communicating with transponders located on such cargo. The US 2008/0150691 A1 shows the use of frequency-selective surfaces as aids for the operation of RFID products. An application example consists in a conveyor belt, below which an RFID reader covered by a metal plate with a frequency-selective surface is arranged. The DE 10 2006 026 014 A1 teaches the formation of an antenna for a transponder by means of a recess and a breakthrough in a metallic component associated with the transponder, whereby the impairment of the function of a transponder is to be minimized by the arrangement of a metallic component.

Aus der US 4,287,520 ist ein metallisches Radom für ein Flugzeug oder einen Lenkflugkörper mit einer Vielzahl von winkelförmigen Schlitzen bekannt, welches von einer zusammenhängenden Schicht aus dielektrischem Material bedeckt ist. Die EP 0 683 542 A2 zeigt die Ausbildung verschiedener Ausführungsformen von Schlitzantennen in metallischen Hohlkörpern.From the US 4,287,520 For example, a metallic radome is known for an aircraft or missile having a plurality of angular slots which is covered by a continuous layer of dielectric material. The EP 0 683 542 A2 shows the formation of various embodiments of slot antennas in metallic hollow bodies.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine zur Kommunikation innerhalb einer Bearbeitungsmaschine vorgesehene Antenne besonders wirksam gegenüber schädlichen Umgebungseinflüssen zu schützen.The object of the invention is to protect a provided for communication within a processing machine antenna particularly effective against harmful environmental influences.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Abdeckung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a cover having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments and advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Antennenabdeckung zum Abdecken mindestens einer Antenne gegenüber dem Bearbeitungsraum einer Bearbeitungsmaschine weist ein metallisches und ein nichtleitendes Teil auf. Das nichtleitende Teil füllt eine in dem metallischen Teil ausgebildete Öffnung aus, deren Umfang der Wellenlänge elektromagnetischer Wellen in dem nichtleitenden Material bei der Mittenfrequenz des Frequenzbereiches, für welchen die Antenne ausgelegt ist, entspricht. Die Abdeckung hat die Form einer Platte und bildet einen Teil einer den Bearbeitungsraum begrenzenden Gehäusewand der Bearbeitungsmaschine oder ist in eine solche Gehäusewand eingebaut. Das metallische Teil weist auf derjenigen Seite der Abdeckung, welche dazu bestimmt ist, dem Bearbeitungsraum zugewandt zu sein, eine Vertiefung auf, welche die Öffnung auf besagter Seite umgibt, und das nichtleitende Teil füllt die Vertiefung ebenfalls aus.An antenna cover according to the invention for covering at least one antenna with respect to the processing space of a processing machine has a metallic and a non-conductive part. The non-conductive part fills an opening formed in the metallic part, the circumference of which is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in the non-conductive material at the center frequency of the frequency range for which the Antenna is designed to match. The cover has the shape of a plate and forms part of a housing wall bounding the processing space of the processing machine or is installed in such a housing wall. The metallic part has on the side of the cover, which is intended to face the processing space, a recess which surrounds the opening on said side, and the non-conductive part also fills the recess.

Hierdurch ist eine sichere Trennung zwischen dem Einbauraum der Antenne und dem Bearbeitungsraum der Bearbeitungsmaschine gewährleistet und die dem Bearbeitungsraum zugewandte Oberfläche des nichtleitenden Teils ist sehr gering, so dass die Trennung überwiegend durch einen stabilen, gegenüber den schädlichen Umgebungseinflüssen der zuvor genannten Art unempfindlichen Metallkörper geschaffen wird. Zusätzlich werden durch die Wirkung des Schlitzes als Bandpassfilter für elektromagnetische Wellen Störungen außerhalb des für den Betrieb der Antenne vorgesehenen Frequenzbandes unterdrückt. Der Bearbeitungsraum wird durch den Einbau der Antenne und der Abdeckung in seiner Form und seinen Abmessungen nicht verändert. Die Abdeckung fügt sich glatt in eine metallische Oberfläche des Gehäuses der Bearbeitungsmaschine ein, wodurch eine Angriffsfläche bezüglich tangential entlang der entsprechenden Gehäuseoberfläche bewegter Metallspäne vermieden wird.As a result, a secure separation between the installation space of the antenna and the processing space of the machine is guaranteed and the processing space facing surface of the non-conductive part is very low, so that the separation is mainly provided by a stable, insensitive to the harmful environmental influences of the aforementioned type metal body , In addition, by the action of the slot as a band-pass filter for electromagnetic waves, noise outside the frequency band provided for the operation of the antenna is suppressed. The processing space is not changed by the installation of the antenna and the cover in its shape and dimensions. The cover blends smoothly into a metallic surface of the housing of the processing machine, thereby avoiding an engagement surface with respect to metal chips moved tangentially along the corresponding housing surface.

Ferner ist das nichtleitende Teil durch die Vertiefung in dem metallischen Teil mechanisch fest verankert und kann im Betrieb einer mechanischen Belastung aus Richtung des Bearbeitungsraumes, z.B. durch aufprallende Metallspäne, aufgrund einer formschlüssigen Abstützung an dem metallischen Teil widerstehen. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich durch die Vertiefung eine Erhöhung des Abstandes zwischen der dem Bearbeitungsraum zugewandten Oberfläche des nichtleitenden Teils und der Öffnung in dem metallischen Teil, wodurch die Beeinträchtigung der Ausbreitung elektromagnetischer Wellen im Bereich der Öffnung durch möglicherweise an der Oberfläche des nichtleitenden Teils anhaftende Metallspäne verringert wird.Furthermore, the non-conductive part is mechanically firmly anchored by the recess in the metallic part and, in operation, can be subjected to a mechanical load from the direction of the machining space, e.g. by impacting metal chips, due to a positive support to the metallic part resist. In addition, the depression results in an increase in the distance between the processing space facing surface of the non-conductive part and the opening in the metallic part, whereby the deterioration of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the region of the opening by possibly adhering to the surface of the non-conductive part metal chips reduced becomes.

Die Öffnung in dem metallischen Teil kann insbesondere die Form eines geradlinigen Schlitzes oder eines Langlochs oder einer kreisförmigen Bohrung haben. Dabei sollte die geringste Querschnittsabmessung der Öffnung zumindest annähernd der Dicke des metallischen Teils in der Umgebung der Öffnung entsprechen, um die beabsichtigte Wirkung der Abdeckung als Bandpassfilter für elektromagnetische Wellen zu gewährleisten.In particular, the opening in the metallic part may have the shape of a rectilinear slit or a slot or a circular bore. In this case, the smallest cross-sectional dimension of the opening should be at least approximately the thickness of the metal part in the vicinity of the opening to ensure the intended effect of the cover as a bandpass filter for electromagnetic waves.

Besonders einfach kann die Herstellung der Abdeckung realisiert werden, indem das nichtleitende Teil aus einer Vergussmasse besteht, welche in den in dem metallischen Teil durch die Öffnung und durch eine die Öffnung umgebende Vertiefung gebildeten Hohlraum eingegossenen. Eine separate Herstellung des nichtleitenden Teils mit genau zu dem Hohlraum in dem metallischen Teil passenden Abmessungen erübrigt sich hierdurch. Alternativ kann als nichtleitendes Teil aber auch ein vorgefertigtes Formteil aus einem dielektrischen Material verwendet werden, das in den Hohlraum eingefügt und darin befestigt, beispielsweise eingeklebt ist. Als Material kommt beispielsweise Aluminiumoxidkeramik in Frage, die den Vorteil einer relativ großen elektrischen Permittivität hat. Hierdurch ergibt sich bei gegebener Frequenz eine Verringerung der Wellenlänge, die eine Verkleinerung der Abmessungen der Öffnung erlaubt, da diese von der Wellenlänge abhängig sind.The production of the cover can be realized in a particularly simple manner in that the non-conductive part consists of a potting compound which is cast into the cavity formed in the metallic part by the opening and by a recess surrounding the opening. A separate production of the non-conductive part with exactly to the cavity in the metallic part matching dimensions is unnecessary thereby. Alternatively, as a non-conductive part but also a prefabricated molded part of a dielectric material may be used, which is inserted into the cavity and fixed therein, for example, glued. As a material, for example, alumina ceramic comes into question, which has the advantage of a relatively large electrical permittivity. This results in a given frequency, a reduction in the wavelength, which allows a reduction in the dimensions of the opening, since they are dependent on the wavelength.

Es können auch mehrere Öffnungen in dem metallischen Teil vorgesehen sein, wobei jede Öffnung einer von mehreren vorhandenen Antennen zugeordnet und benachbart zu der ihr jeweils zugeordneten Antenne angeordnet ist. Dies ist von Vorteil, wenn Bedarf an einer mehrkanaligen Kommunikation besteht und hierzu mehrere Kommunikationsmodule mit jeweils eigenen Antennen eingesetzt werden sollen. Die Positionen der einzelnen Öffnungen können dann auf diejenigen der einzelnen Antennen abgestimmt werden, um die jeweilige Dämpfung der elektromagnetischen Wellen zu minimieren.Also, a plurality of openings may be provided in the metallic part, each opening being associated with one of a plurality of existing antennas and disposed adjacent to its respective associated antenna. This is advantageous if there is a need for multi-channel communication and for this purpose several communication modules, each with their own antennas to be used. The positions of the individual openings can then be matched to those of the individual antennas in order to minimize the respective attenuation of the electromagnetic waves.

Die Abdeckung kann selbst einen Teil der Antenne darstellen, indem die Antenne als Schlitzantenne ausgeführt ist, deren Schlitz durch den Schlitz der Abdeckung gebildet wird. Dies ergibt eine besonders flache Bauform der Antenne, da in diesem Fall nur ein HF-Kabel an der Rückseite an das metallische Teil herangeführt und an geeigneter Stelle mit diesem verbunden zu werden braucht.The cover may itself constitute part of the antenna by making the antenna a slot antenna whose slot is formed by the slot of the cover. This results in a particularly flat design of the antenna, since in this case only an RF cable needs to be brought to the back of the metallic part and connected at a suitable location with this.

Weitere Besonderheiten und Vorzüge der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Abdeckung in einer Vorderansicht,
Fig. 2
eine Schnittansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Abdeckung längs der dortigen Linie A-A,
Fig. 2
eine Schnittansicht entsprechend Fig. 2 einer zweiten Ausführungsform,
Fig. 3
eine Schnittansicht entsprechend Fig. 2 einer dritten Ausführungsform,
Fig. 5
eine vierte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäße Abdeckung in einer Vorderansicht und
Fig. 6
eine fünfte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Abdeckung in einer Rückseitenansicht.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
A first embodiment of a cover according to the invention in a front view,
Fig. 2
a sectional view of in Fig. 1 shown cover along the line AA there,
Fig. 2
a sectional view accordingly Fig. 2 a second embodiment,
Fig. 3
a sectional view accordingly Fig. 2 a third embodiment,
Fig. 5
a fourth embodiment of a cover according to the invention in a front view and
Fig. 6
a fifth embodiment of a cover according to the invention in a rear view.

Wie die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen, weist eine erfindungsgemäße Antennenabdeckung 1 ein metallisches Teil 2 mit einer schlitzförmigen Öffnung 3 und einer nutförmigen Vertiefung 4 auf. Das Teil 2 hat in dem dargestellten Beispiel die Form einer kreisförmigen Platte. Anstatt kreisförmig könnte die Platte auch oval oder rechteckig sein und sie muss auch nicht eben sein, sondern könnte stattdessen eine gewölbte Form haben. Der Schlitz 3 und die Vertiefung 4 sind von einem nichtleitenden Teil 5, also einem Dielektrikum ausgefüllt, das in der Schnittansicht von Fig. 2, die sich auf die Linie A-A in Fig. 1 bezieht, schraffiert dargestellt ist. Das nichtleitende Teil 5 besteht aus einer Vergussmasse auf Polyurethan-Basis, die in den aus dem Schlitz 3 und der Vertiefung 4 bestehenden Hohlraum in dem metallischen Teil 2 eingegossen und dort ausgehärtet ist. In der Kombination bilden beide Teile 2 und 5 zusammen eine Abdeckung 1 in Form einer Platte mit glatten Oberflächen.As the Figures 1 and 2 1, an antenna cover 1 according to the invention has a metallic part 2 with a slot-shaped opening 3 and a groove-shaped depression 4. The part 2 has the shape of a circular plate in the illustrated example. Instead of being circular, the plate could also be oval or rectangular, and it also does not have to be flat, but could instead have a domed shape. The slot 3 and the recess 4 are filled by a non-conductive part 5, ie a dielectric, which in the sectional view of Fig. 2 that are on the line AA in Fig. 1 refers, hatched. The non-conductive part 5 consists of a potting compound based on polyurethane, which is poured into the cavity consisting of the slot 3 and the recess 4 in the metallic part 2 and cured there. In combination, both parts 2 and 5 together form a cover 1 in the form of a plate with smooth surfaces.

Gemäß Fig. 2, die einen Ausschnitt des Gehäuses einer Bearbeitungsmaschine zeigt, ist die Antennenabdeckung 1 frontbündig in eine Gehäusewand 6 der Bearbeitungsmaschine eingebaut. Die Gehäusewand 6 begrenzt den Bearbeitungsraum der Bearbeitungsmaschine, der sich in Fig. 2 rechts von der Gehäusewand 6 und der Abdeckung 1 befindet. Die Vertiefung 4 ist also dem Bearbeitungsraum zugewandt und der Schlitz 3 dem Bearbeitungsraum abgewandt. Durch ihren Einbau in die Gehäusewand 6 schließt die Antennenabdeckung 1 einen Hohlraum 7 in dem Gehäuse der Bearbeitungsmaschine zum Bearbeitungsraum hin ab.According to Fig. 2 , which shows a section of the housing of a processing machine, the antenna cover 1 is flush mounted in a housing wall 6 of the processing machine. The housing wall 6 limits the processing space of the processing machine, which is in Fig. 2 right of the housing wall 6 and the cover 1 is located. The recess 4 is thus facing the processing space and the slot 3 facing away from the processing space. By their installation in the housing wall 6 closes the Antenna cover 1 a cavity 7 in the housing of the processing machine from the processing room down.

Alternativ zu einer Vergussmasse kann als nichtleitendes Teil 5 der Antennenabdeckung 1 auch ein vorgefertigtes Formteil aus einem Dielektrikum wie beispielsweise Al2O3 verwendet werden. Ein solches Formteil muss in dem aus dem Schlitz 3 und der Vertiefung 4 bestehenden Hohlraum in dem metallischen Teil 2 befestigt werden, was vorzugsweise durch Kleben erfolgen kann, um den Hohlraum 7 mit der Antenne 8 ebenso wie durch eine Vergussmasse gegenüber dem Bearbeitungsaum abzudichten.As an alternative to a potting compound can be used as a non-conductive part 5 of the antenna cover 1, a prefabricated molded part of a dielectric such as Al 2 O 3 . Such a molded part must be fastened in the cavity consisting of the slot 3 and the recess 4 in the metallic part 2, which can preferably be done by gluing to seal the cavity 7 with the antenna 8 as well as by a potting compound against the processing space.

Eine Antenne 8 ist innerhalb des Hohlraumes 7 in Richtung ihrer größten geometrischen Ausdehnung orthogonal zur Richtung der größten geometrischen Ausdehnung des Schlitzes 3 ausgerichtet. Die Antenne 8 und der Schlitz 3 weisen jeweils in der Mitte der Richtung ihrer jeweils größten geometrischen Ausdehnung den geringsten gegenseitigen Abstand auf. Dieser geringste gegenseitige Abstand kann in der Größenordnung der größten geometrischen Ausdehnung der Antenne 8 liegen oder geringer sein, wie es in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. Die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Lage der Antenne 8 zu dem Schlitz 3 ist nur als Beispiel zu verstehen und hängt im Einzelfall von der Richtcharakteristik der Antenne 8 und der Polarisation der elektromagnetischen Wellen ab.An antenna 8 is aligned within the cavity 7 in the direction of its largest geometric extension orthogonal to the direction of the largest geometric extension of the slot 3. The antenna 8 and the slot 3 each have the smallest mutual distance in the middle of the direction of their respective largest geometric extension. This least mutual distance may be on the order of magnitude of the largest geometric extension of the antenna 8 or be less, as in Fig. 2 is shown. In the Fig. 2 shown position of the antenna 8 to the slot 3 is to be understood only as an example and depends in each case on the directional characteristic of the antenna 8 and the polarization of the electromagnetic waves.

Der Umfang des Schlitzes 3 entspricht der Wellenlänge der von der Antenne 8 abzustrahlenden oder zu empfangenden elektromagnetischen Wellen, welche die Abdeckung 1 passieren sollen, in dem Material des nichtleitenden Teils 3. Hierbei ist mit der Wellenlänge die Mittenfrequenz der Bandbreite der Antenne 8 gemeint, wobei die Antenne 8 schmalbandig ausgelegt ist.The circumference of the slit 3 corresponds to the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be radiated or received by the antenna 8 which are to pass through the cover 1, in the material of the non-conducting part 3. Here, the wavelength means the center frequency of the bandwidth of the antenna 8 the antenna 8 is designed narrowband.

In anderen Ausführungsformen können innerhalb eines Hohlraumes 7 mehrere Antennen 8 nebeneinander vor einem oder mehreren Schlitzen 3 in jeweiliger Kombination mit Vertiefungen 4 gruppiert sein. Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen zwei solche Ausführungsformen in Schnittansichten entsprechend Fig. 2.In other embodiments, within a cavity 7, a plurality of antennas 8 may be grouped side by side in front of one or more slots 3 in respective combination with recesses 4. The FIGS. 3 and 4 show two such embodiments in sectional views accordingly Fig. 2 ,

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 unterscheidet sich von derjenigen nach Fig. 2 lediglich dadurch, dass anstelle einer einzigen Antenne 8 zwei Antennen 8A und 8B nebeneinander benachbart zu der einzigen Öffnung 3 und symmetrisch zu dieser angeordnet sind. Die beiden Antennen 8A und 8B sind jeweils mit separaten Kommunikationsmodulen verbunden, um eine zweikanalige Kommunikation zu ermöglichen. Hierbei unterscheiden sich die beiden Kanäle in der verwendeten Frequenz, doch dieser Frequenzabstand ist gering im Verhältnis zur Breite des Durchlassbereiches des durch den Schlitz 3 gebildeten Bandpassfilters. Durch die gegenüber dem Schlitz 3 versetzte Lage der beiden Antennen 8A und 8B ergibt sich im Vergleich zu der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 eine erhöhte Dämpfung, da der Schlitz 3 im Gegensatz zu jener Ausführungsform nicht mehr auf der Höhe des Intensitätsmaximums der Richtcharakteristik der Antennen 8A und 8B liegt.The embodiment according to Fig. 3 differs from the one after Fig. 2 merely in that, instead of a single antenna 8, two antennas 8A and 8B are arranged next to each other adjacent to the single opening 3 and symmetrically to it. The two antennas 8A and 8B are each connected to separate communication modules to enable two-channel communication. Here, the two channels differ in the frequency used, but this frequency spacing is small in relation to the width of the passband of the bandpass filter formed by the slot 3. Due to the offset relative to the slot 3 position of the two antennas 8A and 8B results in comparison to the embodiment according to Fig. 2 an increased attenuation, since the slot 3, in contrast to that embodiment is no longer at the level of the intensity maximum of the directional characteristic of the antennas 8A and 8B.

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 unterscheidet sich von derjenigen nach Fig. 2 dadurch, dass anstelle einer einzigen Antenne 8 und einer einzigen Öffnung 3 zwei Antennen 8A und 8B nebeneinander angeordnet sind, und dass jeder dieser Antennen 8A und 8B jeweils eine eigene Öffnung 3A bzw. 3B zugeordnet ist, benachbart zu welcher sich die jeweilige Antenne 8A bzw. 8B befindet, und zwar in einer Position, in welcher sich der Schlitz 3A bzw. 3B auf der Höhe des Intensitätsmaximums der Richtcharakteristik der jeweiligen Antenne 8A bzw. 8B befindet. Der Nachteil der erhöhten Dämpfung der Ausführungsform von Fig. 3 wird hierdurch vermieden, wofür allerdings in Kauf zu nehmen ist, dass hier zwei nichtleitende Teile 5A und 5B benötigt werden, die gegenüber Belastungen aus dem Bearbeitungsraum weniger widerstandsfähig sind als das metallische Teil 2.The embodiment according to Fig. 4 differs from the one after Fig. 2 in that, instead of a single antenna 8 and a single opening 3, two antennas 8A and 8B are arranged side by side, and that each of these antennas 8A and 8B is assigned a separate opening 3A or 3B, respectively, adjacent to which the respective antenna 8A or 8A respectively 8B, in a position in which the slot 3A or 3B is at the level of the intensity maximum of the directional characteristic of the respective antenna 8A or 8B. The disadvantage of increased damping of the embodiment of Fig. 3 is thereby avoided, which is to be accepted, however, that here two non-conductive parts 5A and 5B are required, which are less resistant to loads from the processing space than the metallic part. 2

Wie Fig. 5 zeigt, kann in einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer Abdeckung 11 anstatt eines Schlitzes bzw. Langlochs 3 auch eine Öffnung in Form einer kreisrunde Bohrung 13 in einem metallischen Teil 12 angebracht sein, deren Umfang in diesem Fall der Wellenlänge der Signale entspricht, welche die Bohrung 13 passieren sollen. Anstelle der nutförmigen Vertiefung 4 der anderen Ausführungsformen ist hier eine zu der Bohrung 13 konzentrische Bohrung 14 mit größerem Durchmesser vorgesehen, welche nicht durch das metallische Teil 12 hindurchreicht, sondern wie die nutförmige Vertiefung 4 nur eine begrenzte Tiefe hat. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform dient die zweite, größere Bohrung 14 zur Fixierung einer auch hier zur Anwendung kommenden Verfüllung der Bohrung 13 mit nichtleitender Vergußmasse. Durch den Absatz am Ende der zweiten Bohrung 14 ergibt sich auch hier ein Formschluss, durch den die Vergussmasse einer Krafteinwirkung aus Richtung des Bearbeitungsraumes widerstehen kann.As Fig. 5 shows, in a further embodiment of a cover 11 instead of a slot or slot 3 and an opening in the form of a circular bore 13 may be mounted in a metallic part 12, the circumference in this case corresponds to the wavelength of the signals passing through the bore 13 should. Instead of the groove-shaped recess 4 of the other embodiments, one concentric with the bore 13 here Bore 14 provided with a larger diameter, which does not reach through the metallic part 12, but as the groove-shaped recess 4 has only a limited depth. Also in this embodiment, the second, larger bore 14 is used for fixing a backfilling of the bore 13 with non-conductive potting compound which is also used here. Due to the shoulder at the end of the second bore 14, a positive connection results, through which the potting compound can withstand a force from the direction of the processing space.

Die Ansichtsrichtung von Fig. 5 entspricht derjenigen von Fig. 1. Die Antenne 18 ist bei dieser Ausführungsform der Abdeckung 11 hinter dem Mittelpunkt der Bohrung 13 angebracht, wie in der Ansicht von Fig. 3 gestrichelt dargestellt ist, da die Antenne 18 in dieser Ansicht nicht sichtbar ist. Bei hinreichenden Abmessungen der Abdeckung 11 ist auch in dieser Ausführungsform die Anordnung mehrerer Antennen 18 hinter einer Bohrung 13 oder mehreren Bohrungen 13 nebeneinander in einem hinter der Abdeckung 11 befindlichen Hohlraum möglich. Das nichtmetallische Teil der Abdeckung 11 ist in Fig. 5 nicht dargestellt, aber selbstverständlich auch bei dieser Ausführungsform vorhanden.The viewing direction of Fig. 5 corresponds to that of Fig. 1 , The antenna 18 is mounted in this embodiment of the cover 11 behind the center of the bore 13, as in the view of Fig. 3 is shown in dashed lines, since the antenna 18 is not visible in this view. With sufficient dimensions of the cover 11, the arrangement of a plurality of antennas 18 behind a bore 13 or more holes 13 side by side in a cavity located behind the cover 11 is also possible in this embodiment. The non-metallic part of the cover 11 is in Fig. 5 not shown, but of course also available in this embodiment.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform ohne separate Antenne 8 bzw 18 ist in Fig. 6 dargestellt, in welcher eine Antennenabdeckung 21 in einer gegenüber den Figuren 1 und 5 entgegengesetzten Ansichtsrichtung gezeigt ist. In dem metallischen Teil 22 ist hier von dem abgedeckten Hohlraum aus nur ein Schlitz 23 und keine zusätzliche Vertiefung sichtbar. Der Innenleiter 28 eines Koaxialkabels 29, welches an eine Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung 30 angeschlossen und an einen Punkt am Rand des Schlitzes 23 geführt ist, der in Richtung der größten geometrischen Ausdehnung des Schlitzes 23 abseits von dessen Mitte liegt, überbrückt den Schlitz 23 und kontaktiert an einem Punkt auf dessen anderer Seite das metallische Teil 22. Der optimale Ort dieser Punkte ist experimentell zu ermitteln. Die Theorie besagt, dass vom Längsende des Schlitzes 23 ein Abstand. von 1/4 der Wellenlänge der abzustrahlenden bzw. zu empfangenden elektromagnetischen Wellen in dem Material des nichtleitenden Teils einzuhalten ist. Hierdurch wird von dem metallischen Teil 22 und dem Koaxialkabel 29 zusammen eine sogenannte Schlitzantenne an sich bekannter Art realisiert, d.h. die Abdeckung 21 ist in diesem Fall selbst ein Bestandteil der Antenne. Das nichtmetallische Teil der Abdeckung 21 ist in Fig. 6 nicht dargestellt, aber selbstverständlich auch bei dieser Ausführungsform vorhanden.Another embodiment without a separate antenna 8 or 18 is shown in FIG Fig. 6 shown in which an antenna cover 21 in a relation to the FIGS. 1 and 5 opposite viewing direction is shown. In the metallic part 22 of the covered cavity of only one slot 23 and no additional recess is visible here. The inner conductor 28 of a coaxial cable 29, which is connected to a transmitting and receiving device 30 and guided to a point on the edge of the slot 23, which is in the direction of the largest geometric extension of the slot 23 away from the center, bridges the slot 23 and contacted at a point on the other side of the metallic part 22. The optimal location of these points is to be determined experimentally. The theory says that from the longitudinal end of the slot 23, a distance. of 1/4 of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be radiated or to be received in the material of the non-conductive part. As a result of the metallic part 22 and the coaxial cable 29 together a so-called slot antenna of a known type is realized, ie the cover 21 is in this case itself a part of the antenna. The non-metallic part of the cover 21 is in Fig. 6 not shown, but of course also available in this embodiment.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenabdeckung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, sondern kann auch eine andere als die dort dargestellten Formen haben. So könnte die Öffnung eine andere Form als in den Ausführungsbeispielen haben, beispielsweise eine Kreuz- oder Sternform. Entscheidend ist, dass die Abmessungen der Öffnung so bemessen sind, dass elektromagnetische Signale in demjenigen Frequenzband, für welches die Antenne ausgelegt ist, die Öffnung passieren können. Abweichend von der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Anordnung könnten auch zwei Antennen mit dem Mittelpunkt ihrer längsten Ausdehnung jeweils auf der Höhe eines Schlitzes und in Längsrichtung des Schlitzes nebeneinander angeordnet sein. Solche und vergleichbare Modifikationen liegen im Ermessen des Fachmannes und sollen vom Schutz der Patentansprüche umfasst sein.The antenna cover according to the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may also have other than the shapes shown there. Thus, the opening could have a different shape than in the embodiments, for example, a cross or star shape. The decisive factor is that the dimensions of the opening are dimensioned such that electromagnetic signals in the frequency band for which the antenna is designed can pass through the opening. Notwithstanding the in Fig. 3 As shown, two antennas could be arranged with the center of their longest extent each at the level of a slot and in the longitudinal direction of the slot next to each other. Such and similar modifications are at the discretion of the person skilled in the art and are intended to be encompassed by the protection of the claims.

Claims (7)

  1. Antenna cover (1; 11; 21) for covering at least one antenna (8; 8A, 8B; 18; 21) with respect to the machining space of a machine tool, wherein the antenna cover comprises a metal part (2; 12; 22) and a non-conducting part (5; 5A, 5B), the non-conducting part (5; 5A, 5B) fills an aperture (3; 3A, 3B; 13: 23) formed in the metal part (2; 12; 22) and the circumference of which corresponds to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in the material of the non-conducting part (5; 5A, 5B) at the centre frequency of the frequency range for which the antenna (8; 8A, 8B; 18; 21) is designed, and wherein the metal part (2; 12; 22) has the form of a plate and forms a part of a housing wall (6) of the machine tool delimiting the machining space or is incorporated into such a housing wall (6), characterised in that on the side of the cover (1; 11; 21) which is designed to face the machining space the metal part (2; 12; 22) exhibits a recess (4; 14) which surrounds the aperture (3; 3A, 3B; 13; 23) on said side, and in that the non-conducting part (5; 5A, 5B) also fills this recess (4; 14).
  2. Antenna cover according to claim 1, characterised in that the aperture (3; 3A, 3B; 13; 23) has the form of a straight-line slit or a slot or a circular bore.
  3. Antenna cover according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the smallest cross-sectional measurement of the aperture (3; 3A, 3B; 13; 23) corresponds at least roughly to the thickness of the metal part (2; 12; 22) in the vicinity of the aperture (3; 3A, 3B; 13; 23).
  4. Antenna cover according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the non-conducting part (5; 5A, 5B) is made of a casting compound which is poured into the hollow space which is formed in the metal part (2; 12; 22) by the aperture (3; 3A, 3B; 13; 23) and optionally a recess (4; 14) surrounding the latter.
  5. Antenna cover according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the non-conducting part (5; 5A, 5B) is a shaped part made of a dielectric material which is fitted into the hollow space which is formed in the metal part (2; 12; 22) by the aperture (3; 3A, 3B; 13; 23) and optionally a recess (4; 14) surrounding the latter, and fastened in it.
  6. Antenna cover according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a plurality of apertures are provided in the metal part (2) and in that each aperture (3A, 3B) is associated with one of a plurality of antennas and is arranged adjacent to the antenna (8A, 8B) associated with it in each case.
  7. Antenna cover according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the aperture (23) has the form of a slit and in that the cover (21) itself is part of the antenna in that this is embodied as a slit antenna (21, 23, 28) the slit of which is formed by the aperture (23) in the cover (21).
EP12189032.1A 2012-01-18 2012-10-18 Antenna cover Active EP2618425B1 (en)

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