EP2614248B1 - Method and arrangement for determining crank angle of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for determining crank angle of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2614248B1
EP2614248B1 EP11770833.9A EP11770833A EP2614248B1 EP 2614248 B1 EP2614248 B1 EP 2614248B1 EP 11770833 A EP11770833 A EP 11770833A EP 2614248 B1 EP2614248 B1 EP 2614248B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
cylinders
crank angle
pressure medium
starting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11770833.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2614248A1 (en
Inventor
Joachim BÖLING
Niklas Doktar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila Finland Oy
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N9/00—Starting of engines by supplying auxiliary pressure fluid to their working chambers
    • F02N9/04—Starting of engines by supplying auxiliary pressure fluid to their working chambers the pressure fluid being generated otherwise, e.g. by compressing air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/021—Engine crank angle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine, as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also concerns an arrangement for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine in accordance with the preamble of the other independent claim.
  • crank angle of the engine must be determined.
  • Engines are often equipped with crank angle sensors that can be used for instance for determining correct fuel injection timing. These sensors are usually incremental encoders, which determine the crank angle on the basis of detection of a reference mark and angular changes of the crankshaft. This means that the crank angle cannot be determined when the engine is at rest.
  • One method for determining the crank angle is to rotate the engine before start so that a reference mark passes the crank angle sensor and the absolute crank angle is thus known. Then the engine has to be rotated further into a starting position.
  • a drawback of this method is that the method is time consuming and a lot of energy is needed. Due to vibrations, the method can also be inaccurate.
  • Patent application US 2007005222 A1 discloses an air start-up system for an internal combustion engine.
  • the system comprises solenoid-controlled starting valves in connection with each cylinder of the engine for introducing starting air into the cylinders.
  • An absolute rotary encoder is used to detect the angular position and rotational speed of the engine for determining the correct timing and duration of starting air injection.
  • absolute rotary encoders A problem with absolute rotary encoders is that they are fragile and not intended for extended periods of rotation at high speed. Therefore, the lifetime of an absolute rotary encoder is often very limited.
  • EP1845250 discloses the determination of the crank angle of a multi cylinder internal combustion engine when the engine is at rest comprising the method steps of introducing a predetermined amount of pressure medium into one cylinder of the cylinders of the engine and measuring the engine speed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for determining the absolute crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement for determining the absolute crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine.
  • the method for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine when the engine is at rest comprises the steps of introducing a predetermined amount of pressure medium into at least two of the cylinders of the engine, measuring pressure in the cylinders into which the pressure medium has been introduced, and calculating the crank angle of the engine on the basis of the pressure measurements.
  • the present invention enables determination of the crank angle of an internal combustion engine when the engine is at rest without the use of absolute rotary encoders that fail easily. Neither is it necessary to rotate the crankshaft for determining the crank angle.
  • the method can be used to reliably determine the crank angle before starting the engine and the consumption of the starting air is thus minimized.
  • the pressure medium is introduced into the cylinders from a starting air receiver.
  • starting air is used to determine the crank angle, no separate pressure medium source is needed.
  • the amount of the pressure medium introduced into the cylinders is controlled by starting valves.
  • starting valves are used to control the amount of pressure medium that is introduced into the cylinders, no additional flow regulation devices are needed.
  • the crank angle is calculated in a control unit.
  • the arrangement for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine when the engine is at rest comprises a pressure medium source, means for connecting the pressure medium source to at least two of the cylinders of the engine for introducing a predetermined amount of pressure medium into the cylinders, means for controlling the admission of the pressure medium into the cylinders, means for measuring pressure in the cylinders into which the pressure medium is introduced, and means for calculating the crank angle of the engine on the basis of the pressure measurements.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a simplified illustration of an internal combustion engine with a starting system and an arrangement for determining the crank angle.
  • Fig. 1 is shown an internal combustion engine 1.
  • the engine 1 is a large four-stroke internal combustion engine that could be used for instance in a power plant or as the main or auxiliary engine of a ship.
  • the engine 1 comprises four cylinders 4 that are arranged inline.
  • the engine 1 could comprise any reasonable number of cylinders 4.
  • the cylinders 4 can be arranged inline, in a V-configuration or some other configuration.
  • the engine 1 can be either a spark-ignition engine or a compression ignition engine.
  • the engine 1 is provided with an air receiver 2 for storing pressurized starting air.
  • the air receiver 2 is connected with a starting air duct 3 to the cylinders 4 of the engine 1.
  • Each branch of the starting air duct 3 is provided with a starting valve 5 for controlling the admission of the starting air into the cylinders 4.
  • the operation of the starting valves 5 is controlled by a control unit 7.
  • the starting valves 5 can be actuated by any conventional means well-known in the art. For instance electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators can be used. It is also possible to utilize control valves that control the starting valves 5. For instance solenoids can be used to actuate the control valves. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 , all the cylinders 4 of the engine 1 are connected to the air receiver 2 and equipped with a starting valve 5. However, it is possible that only some of the cylinders 4 are connected to the air receiver 2.
  • the engine 1 is started by opening the starting valves 5 in a suitable order and introducing thus pressurized starting air into the cylinders 4.
  • the starting air moves the pistons inside the cylinders 4 and rotates the crankshaft 8.
  • Air injection is continued for reaching an adequate starting speed and fuel is injected into the cylinders 4 with appropriate timing so that the engine 1 eventually starts.
  • the rotational position and speed of the engine 1 can be determined from the flywheel 9 that is attached to the end of the crankshaft 8.
  • the engine 1 is provided with a crank angle sensor 10 for that purpose.
  • each cylinder 4 of the engine is equipped with a pressure sensor 6.
  • the engine 1 comprises a large number of cylinders 4, it is not necessary to provide all the cylinders 4 with pressure sensors 6.
  • At least two starting valves 5 are opened for a predetermined period of time for introducing pressurized starting air into the respective cylinders 4.
  • the duration of the period of time is chosen so that the pressure inside the cylinders 4 increases, but remains low enough for not moving the piston.
  • the pressure of the air receiver 2 is kept constant, and the amount of air that flows into the cylinders 4 can thus be determined.
  • the pressure in the cylinders 4 is simultaneously monitored by means of the pressure sensor 6. Based on the measured pressure, the control unit 7 calculates the position of the piston in the cylinder 4. The position of the piston can be used to calculate the crank angle of the engine 1.
  • the gas exchange valves of that cylinder 4 must be closed. If the exhaust valves or intake valves of the cylinder 4 are open, the starting air introduced into the cylinder 4 can escape through the valve openings and the pressure inside the cylinder 4 does not increase. If the starting air is introduced into several cylinders 4 either simultaneously or consecutively, a pressure increase can be measured at least in some of the cylinders 4 and the crank angle can thus be determined.
  • Another option would be closing the gas exchange valves in those cylinders 4 into which the starting air is introduced. This is possible if the valves can be actuated without a camshaft and can be controlled independently. This could be the case for instance with hydraulically actuated gas exchange valves. Still another option would be checking in which cylinders 4 the gas exchange valves are closed and to introduce the pressure medium into those cylinders 4.
  • the pressure medium used for determining the crank angle does not need to be starting air, but a separate source of pressurized gas may be provided. It is also possible to equip the pressure medium ducts with flow meters so that the amount of the pressure medium introduced into the cylinders can be determined directly.
  • the invention can also be applied to a two-stroke engine.

Description

    Technical field of the invention
  • The present invention relates to a method for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine, as defined in the preamble of claim 1. The invention also concerns an arrangement for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine in accordance with the preamble of the other independent claim.
    • Background of the invention
  • Large internal combustion engines that are used for instance in ships and power plants are usually started by using pressurized air that is injected sequentially into the cylinders of the engine for rotating the crankshaft. It is desirable to minimize the amount of starting air that is needed for starting an engine. Pressurized starting air needs to be stored in large air receivers that require a lot of space. The energy needed for pressurizing the starting air is usually taken from the engine itself, and it is therefore also desirable to minimize the energy consumption for this purpose.
  • To minimize the consumption of starting air, it is important to select the most suitable cylinder for the initial starting air injection. To be able to do this, the crank angle of the engine must be determined. Engines are often equipped with crank angle sensors that can be used for instance for determining correct fuel injection timing. These sensors are usually incremental encoders, which determine the crank angle on the basis of detection of a reference mark and angular changes of the crankshaft. This means that the crank angle cannot be determined when the engine is at rest. One method for determining the crank angle is to rotate the engine before start so that a reference mark passes the crank angle sensor and the absolute crank angle is thus known. Then the engine has to be rotated further into a starting position. A drawback of this method is that the method is time consuming and a lot of energy is needed. Due to vibrations, the method can also be inaccurate.
  • An alternative way is to use an absolute rotary encoder to determine the crank angle of the engine. With an absolute rotary encoder, the exact crank angle of the engine can be determined even when the engine is at rest. Patent application US 2007005222 A1 discloses an air start-up system for an internal combustion engine. The system comprises solenoid-controlled starting valves in connection with each cylinder of the engine for introducing starting air into the cylinders. An absolute rotary encoder is used to detect the angular position and rotational speed of the engine for determining the correct timing and duration of starting air injection.
  • A problem with absolute rotary encoders is that they are fragile and not intended for extended periods of rotation at high speed. Therefore, the lifetime of an absolute rotary encoder is often very limited.
  • EP1845250 discloses the determination of the crank angle of a multi cylinder internal combustion engine when the engine is at rest comprising the method steps of introducing a predetermined amount of pressure medium into one cylinder of the cylinders of the engine and measuring the engine speed.
    • Summary of the invention
  • The object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for determining the absolute crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement for determining the absolute crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine. The characterizing features of the method and arrangement according to the present invention are given in the characterizing parts of the independent claims.
  • According to the present invention, the method for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine when the engine is at rest comprises the steps of introducing a predetermined amount of pressure medium into at least two of the cylinders of the engine, measuring pressure in the cylinders into which the pressure medium has been introduced, and calculating the crank angle of the engine on the basis of the pressure measurements.
  • The present invention enables determination of the crank angle of an internal combustion engine when the engine is at rest without the use of absolute rotary encoders that fail easily. Neither is it necessary to rotate the crankshaft for determining the crank angle. The method can be used to reliably determine the crank angle before starting the engine and the consumption of the starting air is thus minimized.
  • According to an embodiment of the invention, the pressure medium is introduced into the cylinders from a starting air receiver. When starting air is used to determine the crank angle, no separate pressure medium source is needed.
  • According to an embodiment of the invention, the amount of the pressure medium introduced into the cylinders is controlled by starting valves. When starting valves are used to control the amount of pressure medium that is introduced into the cylinders, no additional flow regulation devices are needed.
  • According to an embodiment of the invention, the crank angle is calculated in a control unit.
  • The arrangement for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine when the engine is at rest comprises a pressure medium source, means for connecting the pressure medium source to at least two of the cylinders of the engine for introducing a predetermined amount of pressure medium into the cylinders, means for controlling the admission of the pressure medium into the cylinders, means for measuring pressure in the cylinders into which the pressure medium is introduced, and means for calculating the crank angle of the engine on the basis of the pressure measurements.
  • Embodiments of the arrangement according to the present invention are described in the dependent claims.
    • Brief description of the drawings
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a simplified illustration of an internal combustion engine with a starting system and an arrangement for determining the crank angle.
    • Detailed description of the invention
  • The invention is now described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. In Fig. 1 is shown an internal combustion engine 1. The engine 1 is a large four-stroke internal combustion engine that could be used for instance in a power plant or as the main or auxiliary engine of a ship. In the example described here the engine 1 comprises four cylinders 4 that are arranged inline. However, the engine 1 could comprise any reasonable number of cylinders 4. The cylinders 4 can be arranged inline, in a V-configuration or some other configuration. The engine 1 can be either a spark-ignition engine or a compression ignition engine.
  • The engine 1 is provided with an air receiver 2 for storing pressurized starting air. The air receiver 2 is connected with a starting air duct 3 to the cylinders 4 of the engine 1. Each branch of the starting air duct 3 is provided with a starting valve 5 for controlling the admission of the starting air into the cylinders 4. The operation of the starting valves 5 is controlled by a control unit 7. The starting valves 5 can be actuated by any conventional means well-known in the art. For instance electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators can be used. It is also possible to utilize control valves that control the starting valves 5. For instance solenoids can be used to actuate the control valves. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, all the cylinders 4 of the engine 1 are connected to the air receiver 2 and equipped with a starting valve 5. However, it is possible that only some of the cylinders 4 are connected to the air receiver 2.
  • The engine 1 is started by opening the starting valves 5 in a suitable order and introducing thus pressurized starting air into the cylinders 4. The starting air moves the pistons inside the cylinders 4 and rotates the crankshaft 8. Air injection is continued for reaching an adequate starting speed and fuel is injected into the cylinders 4 with appropriate timing so that the engine 1 eventually starts. When the engine 1 is running, the rotational position and speed of the engine 1 can be determined from the flywheel 9 that is attached to the end of the crankshaft 8. The engine 1 is provided with a crank angle sensor 10 for that purpose.
  • In order to minimize the consumption of the starting air when the engine 1 is started, it is essential to know the crank angle of the engine 1 For the purpose of determining the crank angle, the engine 1 is provided with pressure sensors 6 in connection with each cylinder 4. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, each cylinder 4 of the engine is equipped with a pressure sensor 6. However, if the engine 1 comprises a large number of cylinders 4, it is not necessary to provide all the cylinders 4 with pressure sensors 6.
  • For determining the crank angle of the engine 1 before starting the engine 1, at least two starting valves 5 are opened for a predetermined period of time for introducing pressurized starting air into the respective cylinders 4. The duration of the period of time is chosen so that the pressure inside the cylinders 4 increases, but remains low enough for not moving the piston. The pressure of the air receiver 2 is kept constant, and the amount of air that flows into the cylinders 4 can thus be determined. The pressure in the cylinders 4 is simultaneously monitored by means of the pressure sensor 6. Based on the measured pressure, the control unit 7 calculates the position of the piston in the cylinder 4. The position of the piston can be used to calculate the crank angle of the engine 1.
  • For having a measurable pressure increase in a cylinder 4, the gas exchange valves of that cylinder 4 must be closed. If the exhaust valves or intake valves of the cylinder 4 are open, the starting air introduced into the cylinder 4 can escape through the valve openings and the pressure inside the cylinder 4 does not increase. If the starting air is introduced into several cylinders 4 either simultaneously or consecutively, a pressure increase can be measured at least in some of the cylinders 4 and the crank angle can thus be determined. Another option would be closing the gas exchange valves in those cylinders 4 into which the starting air is introduced. This is possible if the valves can be actuated without a camshaft and can be controlled independently. This could be the case for instance with hydraulically actuated gas exchange valves. Still another option would be checking in which cylinders 4 the gas exchange valves are closed and to introduce the pressure medium into those cylinders 4.
  • The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the appended claims. For instance, the pressure medium used for determining the crank angle does not need to be starting air, but a separate source of pressurized gas may be provided. It is also possible to equip the pressure medium ducts with flow meters so that the amount of the pressure medium introduced into the cylinders can be determined directly. The invention can also be applied to a two-stroke engine.

Claims (7)

  1. A method for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine (1) when the engine (1) is at rest, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of
    - introducing a predetermined amount of pressure medium into at least two of the cylinders (4) of the engine (1),
    - measuring pressure in the cylinders (4) into which the pressure medium has been introduced, and
    - calculating the crank angle of the engine (1) on the basis of the pressure measurements.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure medium is introduced into the cylinders (4) from a starting air receiver (2).
  3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of the pressure medium introduced into the cylinders (4) is controlled by starting valves (5).
  4. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crank angle is calculated in a control unit (7).
  5. An arrangement for determining the crank angle of a multicylinder internal combustion engine (1) when the engine is at rest, characterized in that the arrangement comprises
    - a pressure medium source (2),
    - means (3) for connecting the pressure medium source (2) to at least two of the cylinders (4) of the engine (1) for introducing a predetermined amount of pressure medium into the cylinders (4),
    - means (5) for controlling the admission of the pressure medium into the cylinders (4),
    - means (6) for measuring pressure in the cylinders (4) into which the pressure medium is introduced, and
    - means (7) for calculating the crank angle of the engine (1) on the basis of the pressure measurements.
  6. An arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure medium source (2) is a starting air receiver.
  7. An arrangement according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the means for controlling the admission of the pressure medium into the cylinders (4) are starting valves (5).
EP11770833.9A 2010-09-08 2011-07-22 Method and arrangement for determining crank angle of an internal combustion engine Active EP2614248B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20105933A FI20105933A (en) 2010-09-08 2010-09-08 METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR DETERMINING THE COMBUSTION OF THE COMBUSTION ENGINE
PCT/FI2011/050670 WO2012032216A1 (en) 2010-09-08 2011-07-22 Method and arrangement for determining crank angle of an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2614248A1 EP2614248A1 (en) 2013-07-17
EP2614248B1 true EP2614248B1 (en) 2014-12-17

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EP11770833.9A Active EP2614248B1 (en) 2010-09-08 2011-07-22 Method and arrangement for determining crank angle of an internal combustion engine

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP2614248B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101668149B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103109074B (en)
FI (1) FI20105933A (en)
WO (1) WO2012032216A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9879629B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2018-01-30 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Abnormality diagnosis apparatus and abnormality diagnosis method for internal combustion engine system
JP6179557B2 (en) * 2015-06-11 2017-08-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Leak test method and leak test apparatus

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4439849A1 (en) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Starting system for IC engine
EP1048844B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2004-10-13 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Method and device for starting, braking and reversing of a two-stroke diesel engine
TW558609B (en) * 2001-10-19 2003-10-21 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Engine crank angle detecting device
EP1653078A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-03 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Diesel machine, in particular a big diesel engine, with an electronic control system and a method for starting the diesel machine
KR20060053263A (en) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-19 베르트질레 슈바이츠 악티엔게젤샤프트 A diesel engine, in particular a large diesel engine with an electronic control system and a method for starting the diesel engine
US7203593B2 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-04-10 Altronic, Inc. Air starter and electronic control therefor
FI119703B (en) * 2005-07-01 2009-02-13 Waertsilae Finland Oy Starting device for a piston engine operating with pressure medium
EP2075447A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2009-07-01 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Crank angle sensor unit
JP2009138662A (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-25 Denso Corp Stop position detection device and reverse rotation detection device for internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20105933A (en) 2012-03-09
KR20130108577A (en) 2013-10-04
CN103109074B (en) 2015-04-01
CN103109074A (en) 2013-05-15
WO2012032216A1 (en) 2012-03-15
EP2614248A1 (en) 2013-07-17
KR101668149B1 (en) 2016-10-20
FI20105933A0 (en) 2010-09-08

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