EP2614135A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von methan in einem photobioreaktor - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von methan in einem photobioreaktorInfo
- Publication number
- EP2614135A2 EP2614135A2 EP11755317.2A EP11755317A EP2614135A2 EP 2614135 A2 EP2614135 A2 EP 2614135A2 EP 11755317 A EP11755317 A EP 11755317A EP 2614135 A2 EP2614135 A2 EP 2614135A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glycolate
- membrane
- algae
- compartment
- microorganisms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
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- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0006—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on CH-OH groups as donors (1.1)
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/88—Lyases (4.)
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P39/00—Processes involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously
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- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/42—Hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- C12Y101/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1)
- C12Y101/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.1.1)
- C12Y101/01026—Glyoxylate reductase (1.1.1.26)
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- C12Y101/03—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1) with a oxygen as acceptor (1.1.3)
- C12Y101/03015—(S)-2-Hydroxy-acid oxidase (1.1.3.15)
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- C12Y101/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1)
- C12Y101/99—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1) with other acceptors (1.1.99)
- C12Y101/99014—Glycolate dehydrogenase (1.1.99.14)
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- C12Y301/00—Hydrolases acting on ester bonds (3.1)
- C12Y301/03—Phosphoric monoester hydrolases (3.1.3)
- C12Y301/03018—Phosphoglycolate phosphatase (3.1.3.18)
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- C12Y401/00—Carbon-carbon lyases (4.1)
- C12Y401/01—Carboxy-lyases (4.1.1)
- C12Y401/01039—Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (4.1.1.39)
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing methane by culturing algae and methanogenic microorganisms and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
- the energy crops maize and oilseed rape cultivated in Germany show clear disadvantages compared to algae:
- the water consumption per harvested amount of energy is similar in maize as with the microalgae Tetraselmis, but the quantity yield per area is only about a fifth.
- the peak yield of maize can be about 8-9 l (dry substance) per ha you can achieve an approx. 8-fold increase in yield with algae.
- the situation is even more unfavorable in the case of the oilseed rape rapeseed: the water requirement is approx. 10 times higher and the yields are approx.
- the advantage of algae crops is that the plants can be built on completely worthless agricultural land and even on sealed land. Also, the supply of fertilizer is possible on pretreated wastewater and can be expected in intelligent process management that the water needs to be met only to a very limited extent from rain or groundwater.
- the object of the invention is to specify an improved process for the production of methane in a photobioreactor and an apparatus for carrying out the process.
- the efficiency, d. H. the methane yield based on the energy of the incident light can be increased.
- the object is achieved by the method described in claim 1.
- the device described in claim 7 and the microorganisms described in claim 12 are particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the invention allows photosynthetically active microorganisms, preferably an Aigenbiofilm, and with the help of photosynthesis to form a metabolite, which is excreted and reacted after passing through a separation zone under anaerobic conditions to methane. This allows for methane production during the presence of light. By excretion of the metabolite is achieved that production limits can be largely avoided by the algae metabolism.
- the invention is based on the scientific knowledge presented below.
- the primary reactions of photosynthesis photolysis of the water, generation of reduction and energy equivalents
- photosynthesis photolysis of the water, generation of reduction and energy equivalents
- enzymatic reactions of sugar synthesis and the subsequent metabolism of the sugar into the cell building blocks begin.
- Each enzymatic reaction is associated with an increase in entropy, which reduces the energy conversion efficiency of the photon into the technical product (Langner et al., 2009).
- This new approach is not aimed at the production of biomass, but at the limited nutrition of algae as a consumer of C0 2 with coupled production of CH 4 and allows not only the generation of energy but also an improvement of the environmental situation.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of methane and a photobioreactor, which consists of two zones (compartments).
- methane is produced by the action of sunlight from an oxygen-enriched and carbon dioxide-depleted gas mixture.
- the reaction takes place in two steps, which are shifted into two different compartments.
- the synthesis of glycolate also known as glycolate
- the photosynthetically active microorganisms preferably form a coating on a carrier material.
- the photosynthetically active microorganisms are on the one hand supplied with nutrients and on the other hand the excreted glycolate is transferred to the second compartment (anaerobic compartment).
- This Anaerobic compartment is separated from the aerobic compartment by a separation module, preferably an oxygen-impermeable membrane.
- the second compartment is anaerobic and contains methanogenic microorganisms.
- the methanogenic microorganisms convert the introduced glycolate directly to methane.
- the biogas produced consists exclusively of methane and carbon dioxide in a ratio of 3: 5.
- the CO 2 is removed by a washing process.
- the C0 2 obtained in this way is preferably recycled to the compartment 1 together with the oxygen formed in the first compartment and discharged there or in the stripping chamber as nutrient gas.
- the methane thus obtained can be used directly without further work-up. It is advantageous that the content of interfering nitrogen compounds (in particular nitrogen oxides, NH 3 ) and sulfur compounds (in particular H 2 S) is less than 1%, preferably less than 0.1%.
- the process according to the invention is a pure hydrocarbon technology. Neither nitrogen nor phosphorus compounds are needed as nutrients.
- glycolate can advantageously be produced with at least 20% and up to 25%, preferably 30%, photosynthetic efficiency of the light energy. Since the energy loss is also relatively low in the fermentation process, the inventive method has a Overall efficiency of 15%, preferably 20% to 25%. This is an increase of one order of magnitude over conventional technologies.
- the growth of the photosynthetically active microorganisms is reduced or set to a minimum in the process according to the invention. Therefore, the photosynthetically active microorganisms are not fertilized in the process according to the invention, d. H. the liquid stream which supplies the photosynthetically active microorganisms preferably contains no nitrogen and / or phosphorus source.
- the proportion of excreted glycolate is preferably increased by various measures.
- the ratio C0 2 to O 2 in the gas composition used to supply the photo-synthetically active microorganisms is adjusted by means of a gas mixing device.
- the CO 2 content of the gas is preferably at most 1/500, more preferably at maximum
- the ratio of C0 2 to O 2 in the gas composition 1 to 1500 to 1 to 2000 based on the volume proportions is particularly preferably.
- the oxygenase activity of the ribulose l, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (RUBISCO, EC 4.1.1.39) and thus the glycolate production is advantageously increased.
- the glycolate production is preferably increased by further measures, the glycolate metabolization is reduced and / or the glycolate excretion is increased.
- the reduction of the Glykolatmetabolmaschine done either by using non-specific inhibitors (such as isoniazid) or preferably by targeted inhibition of glycolate dehydrogenase and / or glycolate.
- the targeted cell-internal inhibition is carried out, for example, by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or small interference RNA (siRNA).
- shRNA small hairpin RNA
- siRNA small interference RNA
- RUBISCO 5-bisphosphate carboxylase / - oxygenase
- EC 3, 1,3, 18 glycolate phosphate phosphatase
- an overexpression of RUBISCO type II is particularly preferred. This advantageously has a higher conversion rate than the naturally contained in algae and cyanobacteria RUBISCO type I.
- the glycolate excretion is increased by cloning into the photosynthetically active microorganisms a gene coding for a glycolate transporter.
- the gene coding for the glycolate transporter contains target sequences which ensure that the glycolate transporter is targeted to the cytoplasmic membrane and / or the membrane of the chloroplasts.
- the carbon concentrating mechanism inactivated
- the carbon sequestration mechanism promotes the fixation of inorganic carbon (C0 2 or HC0 3 " ) and varies from organism to organism.
- the CCM includes an external or intracellular carbonic anhydrase and an inorganic carbon car transporter.
- the CCM increases the C0 2 concentration in pyrenoids (algae) or carboxyomas (cyanobacteria) around the RUBISCO and usually includes a carbonic anhydrase which produces HCO3.
- the carbon transporter then converts the inorganic carbon (usually bicarbonate) into the carboxysomes or carbonic anhydrides CCM in algae are known, inter alia, in Giordano M et al., 2005, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference
- the CCM is preferably inactivated by genetic inactivation of carbonic anhydrase and / or the carbon transporter CCM is missing
- reference is made by way of example to Raven JA et al., 2005, which is also expressly incorporated herein by reference.
- the transgenic photosynthetically active microorganisms as described above can also be cultured at a CO 2 / O 2 ratio which corresponds to normal air or even contains more CO 2 .
- the ratio C0 2 to 0 2 in the gas composition is preferably higher than in the normal air.
- the invention also relates to genetically modified photo synthetically active microorganisms, in particular algae, as described above.
- the photosynthetically active microorganisms are preferably biofilm-forming algae, preferably of the genera Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Apathococcus, Chlorokybus, Stichococcus, Nannochloris, Trebouxia, Keratococcus, Pseudococcomyxa.
- Photosynthetically active microorganisms preferably algae of the abovementioned genera, with reduced activity of glycolate dehydrogenase and / or glycolate oxidase are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
- photosynthetically active microorganisms are selected which have a reduced activity of glycolate dehydrogenase and / or glycolate oxidase or there is an inhibition of glycolate dehydrogenase and / or glycolate oxidase as described above.
- the methane production takes place under anaerobic conditions by methanogenic microorganisms, which convert glycolate as substrate into C0 2 and CH 4 .
- methanogenic microorganisms which convert glycolate as substrate into C0 2 and CH 4 .
- a molar ratio C0 2 to CH 4 of 5: 3 is achieved.
- microorganisms of the genus Synthrophospora or mixed populations produced by glycolate selection preferably glycolate as the sole substrate
- the second gas stream (methane and C0 2 ), which discharges the methane from the compartment with the methanogenic microorganisms.
- CO 2 and water are used to form methane and oxygen.
- the device according to the invention (photobioreactor) consists of three components (modules):
- a separation module with an oxygen-impermeable membrane is provided.
- the photobioreactor according to the invention can be configured in a form in the form of a plate reactor and as conventional solar modules z. B. on rooftops or house exterior walls can be mounted. Individual photobioreactors can be connected in parallel or in series with regard to the liquid and gas supply. A surface finish of the device is preferred - alternatively, the device is configured in cylindrical or semi-cylindrical geometries. The individual zones (compartments) are preferably designed as thin-layer chambers.
- Both zones or chambers each have connections to the supply, ie nutrient supply and liquid (algae and microorganisms), C0 2 0 2 , for the removal of by-products (excess sludge, liquid) and for degassing and product gain, (C0 2 , 0 2 , CH 4 J in accordance with section 6.
- the material used to make this technical equipment must comply with the requirements set out here and can therefore be made as a solid finish (glass, metal, plastic) or even with foil.
- the gas removal from the anaerobic compartment is preferably connected to a gas scrubber, which allows the separation of the C0 2 from the biogas formed.
- the gas supply is preferably connected to the aerobic compartment having a gas mixing device which allows the adjustment of the desired C0 2/0 2 ratio.
- the gas mixing device is preferred on the one hand by atmospheric oxygen and / or discharged from the aerobic compartment oxygen, as well as from the anaerobic compartment fed C0 2 fed.
- the gas mixing device is preferably connected to the gas removal of the aerobic compartment and to the gas washing device.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 The structure and mode of operation of the photobioreactor as well as the procedure are explained in more detail on the basis of these modules and FIGS. 1 to 6:
- Photosynthetically active microorganisms preferably microalgae, such as. B. Chlorella fusca or Chlamydomonas reinhardtü, can grow both in suspension and as biofilms.
- Biofilm-forming algae are characterized by high resistance to light, temperature and drought stress. Biofilm-forming algae are therefore preferably used for coating the support material.
- the photosynthetically active microorganisms, preferably algae are immobilized in a matrix (eg, biopolymers such as alginate, chitosan, agar).
- the membrane used for separating the two compartments serves as carrier material for the algae or the algal biofilm.
- a carrier material preferably a fibrous web or a matrix (for example from the abovementioned biopolymers) in which or on which the algae are immobilized, lies on the membrane (or more precisely its side facing the aerobic compartment).
- the light-facing side of the aerobic compartment is made of translucent material.
- the aerobic compartment is preferably designed as a chamber which, in addition to a well for receiving nutrient medium, contains a gas supply and a gas discharge, which are arranged in such a way that the gas flows over the carrier material.
- the gas supply is preferably carried out continuously.
- the liquid is supplied either via the gas discharge or supply nozzles - alternatively contains the compartment for a separate nozzle or a removable lid.
- the liquid is preferably also continuously.
- the biomass on photosynthetically active microorganisms is preferably applied in an amount which, depending on the cell type, consists of so many layers that about 90% of the photosynthetic active radiation is absorbed.
- the biomass layer preferably has a thickness of less than 5 mm. This biomass can either be through growth or through Coating of pre-cultured photosynthetically active microorganisms, in particular algae, take place.
- the support material (if appropriate the membrane) is coated with photosynthetically active microorganisms (preferably algae according to the abovementioned species) before commissioning or, if appropriate, prior to assembly of the process apparatus, so that these preferably form a biofilm or coating in a suitable matrix / support material.
- photosynthetically active microorganisms preferably algae according to the abovementioned species
- Biofilm formation or coating should be completed prior to production of glycolate as the source of energy.
- the photon balance can be significantly improved by realizing the following metabolic design of the glycolate excreting cells or by performing at least one of the following genetic alterations in the photosynthetically active microorganisms, preferably algae:
- Glycolate phosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.18) is overexpressed to improve glycolate secretion.
- the glycolate transporter will be overexpressed. This enzyme has been described both in bacteria (Nunez et al., 2001) and as a glycolate importer in plant peroxisomes (Reumann et al., 1995) and can be integrated into the algae genome.
- the glycolate transporter is a membrane-integral protein, it is preferentially doubly targeted: once into the chloroplast membrane and simultaneously into the cytoplasmic membrane to ensure that the glycolate excreted from the chloroplast into the cytosol can leave the cell.
- two genes coding for the glycolate transporter with different target sequences are preferably transferred into the photosynthetically active microorganisms-once with a target sequence which ensures integration into the chloroplast membrane, and once with a target sequence which is suitable for integration into the cytoplasmic membrane provides.
- CCM Carbon Concentration Mechanism
- the photosynthetically active microorganisms are preferably present in the photosynthetic module not as a suspension culture, but as a biofilm.
- the excreted glycolate is removed by a liquid flow, which supplies the biofilm with nutrients and with a constant reaction medium. This prevents glycolate from reaching concentrations that could inhibit photosynthesis.
- the excreted glycolate is transferred in a microanalytical approach into an anaerobic zone (see 3. Methanogenesis module) in which methanogenic microorganisms convert the glycolate into methane and C0 2 .
- Fig. 4 shows the scheme of the zone system. The resulting limiting factors in this process scheme are:
- the membrane (possibly also biofilm carrier) (cut-off, oxygen and biomass retention) and
- the separation module borders the aerobic compartment in the direction of the anterior compartment, i. H. preferably to the side facing away from the sun, from.
- tubular membranes or membrane hoses are used.
- Liquid membranes may be able to achieve high selectivity for the glycolate by selecting the liquid.
- a high affinity of the glycolate can be achieved by means of specific substance selection according to the principle "Equal-equivalent”, with relatively low solubility for free O 2 Carrier made of porous material b) simple membrane
- the separation module consists of a single membrane.
- the membrane preferably carries cationic groups and is selected from polymer, ceramic or acetate membrane. Preference is given to ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis materials.
- the membrane can be made commercially available Membrane materials and also in combination with a fiber fleece, which can be used as a biomass carrier, fulfill the barrier function. c) stripping chamber
- the separation module is configured as a third, minimalist chamber which is separated by a membrane for the aerobic and anaerobic region.
- this stripping chamber is to discharge the oxygen (degassing) a gas, eg. B. C0 2 or N 2 , preferably process gas of the anaerobic stage, introduced into the aqueous, glycolate-containing solution (so-called. Stripping).
- a gas eg. B. C0 2 or N 2
- process gas of the anaerobic stage introduced into the aqueous, glycolate-containing solution (so-called. Stripping).
- the membrane material depends on the above specifications.
- the stripping chamber contains inlet nozzle and outlet nozzle for the degassing, it can be made opaque.
- the anerobic compartment is separated from the aerobic compartment by the separation module (membrane or stripping chamber) as described above.
- the glycolate is converted here by methanogenic microorganisms to C0 2 and CH 4 .
- the anerobic compartment contains at least one gas evacuation.
- the liquid is supplied either via this - alternatively contains the compartment for a separate gas-tight sealable nozzle.
- the anaerobic compartment is preferably made of opaque material.
- the anaerobically working methanogenic microorganisms are preferably immobilized or in suspension.
- the preferred isolates FlGlyl and FlGlyM (sensu Friedrich et al., 1991) belong to the synthrophosphorus within the clostridia.
- Figure 1 shows the reactions catalyzed by RUBISCO.
- the C0 2 -assimilating enzyme acts not only as a carboxylase but also as an oxygenase. Instead of two molecules, only one molecule of phosphoglyceric acid and one molecule of phosphoglycolic acid are formed, as shown in Fig. 1.
- the phosphoglycolic acid is dephosphorylated to glycolate and excreted into the cytoplasm through a transporter and then into the medium (glycolate is a product of the natural process of photorespiration, which takes place in chloroplasts of the cell.) Since photorespiration depends on the ratio C0 2 / 0 2 dependent, one can control the ratio of carboxylation to oxygenation by the ratio C0 2/0. 2
- Fig. 2 shows how the glycolate excretion can be controlled by the gas composition used to aerate the algae (gas composition in% by volume).
- An air mixture in which the 0 2 / C0 2 mixture ratio of preferably 47: 0.02 percent by volume, according to the invention allows a particularly high glycolate excretion.
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were immobilized on cellulose filters.
- methanognesis microorganisms isolated from a biogas plant sump were used.
- ⁇ (mg Chla) -1] ⁇ g glycolate per mg chlorophyll a.
- glycolate dehydrogenase is genetically inactivated.
- Fig. 4 shows the scheme of a erfindunumbleen device with the aerobic and the anaerobic compartment (aerobic and anaerobic zone) and the membrane for separation.
- the methanogenic microorganisms are referred to as "bacteria”.
- Fig. 5 shows that populations of microorganisms from conventional biogas plants are able to adapt to the glycolate substrate and convert glycolate into C0 2 and methane.
- microorganism populations were isolated from conventional biogas plants and subjected to a glycolate selection.
- Microorganism samples from a fermentation sump of a biogas plant were exclusively cultivated for 4 weeks with glycolate as sole carbon source.
- the test results shown in Fig. 5 show how slowly the nitrogen which was introduced with the fermentation substrate escapes from the fermentation substrate and, with the addition of glycol alone, the resulting biogas consists only of methane and C0 2 in a volume ratio of 59:41. Other gases are observed only in traces.
- the fermentation process is stable even with small traces of residual oxygen (up to 4%).
- the gas yield is very high with (57%) or 0.24 ml CH 4 / mg glycolic acid. Based on this yaw yield and the glycolate excretion rates determined in Table 1, the following overall efficiency is achieved:
- Variant 1 with inhibitor isoniazid (10 mmol / l)
- the performance of the system per area corresponds to the area yield of biodiesel, which is achieved on the basis of rapeseed cultivation.
- the mass flow is virtually nitrogen-free.
- Fig. 6 is a view of the device according to the invention with a nonwoven as a carrier material, which rests on a semipermeable membrane shown.
- the following non-patent literature is cited in the patent application:
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010040440A DE102010040440B4 (de) | 2010-09-08 | 2010-09-08 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Methan in einem Photobioreaktor |
| PCT/EP2011/065536 WO2012032109A2 (de) | 2010-09-08 | 2011-09-08 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von methan in einem photobioreaktor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2614135A2 true EP2614135A2 (de) | 2013-07-17 |
Family
ID=44645696
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11755317.2A Withdrawn EP2614135A2 (de) | 2010-09-08 | 2011-09-08 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von methan in einem photobioreaktor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2614135A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010040440B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012032109A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8691538B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-08 | Algenol Biofuels Switzerland GmbH | Biofilm photobioreactor system and method of use |
| WO2015089675A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Anaergia Inc. | A novel membrane bioreactor suitable for retaining specialized microorganisms |
| EP3109311B1 (de) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-12-20 | Solaga UG | In mehreren modi betriebene solargasanlage |
| US20220098627A1 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2022-03-31 | Photanol B.V. | A process for the bioproduction of glycolate |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2027600A6 (es) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-06-01 | George L Chan | Un reactor para el tratamiento y la depuracion de aguas residuales, combinando un tratamiento anaerobio con lagunajes aerobios de micro y macrofitas. |
| TWI313187B (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2009-08-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | System for the treatment of organic containing waste water |
| KR101183001B1 (ko) * | 2006-05-09 | 2012-09-18 | 미쓰이 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 보효소 합성 강화에 의한 히드록시카르복실산류의 생산방법 |
| DE102007031688A1 (de) | 2007-06-20 | 2009-01-02 | Salvetzki, Ralf, Dr. | Verfahren zur biologischen Erzeugung von Methan |
-
2010
- 2010-09-08 DE DE102010040440A patent/DE102010040440B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-09-08 EP EP11755317.2A patent/EP2614135A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-08 WO PCT/EP2011/065536 patent/WO2012032109A2/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012032109A3 (de) | 2012-06-28 |
| DE102010040440A1 (de) | 2012-03-08 |
| DE102010040440B4 (de) | 2013-02-28 |
| WO2012032109A2 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
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