EP2597975B1 - Cigarette paper having a high diffusion capacity during thermal decomposition - Google Patents
Cigarette paper having a high diffusion capacity during thermal decomposition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2597975B1 EP2597975B1 EP11743776.4A EP11743776A EP2597975B1 EP 2597975 B1 EP2597975 B1 EP 2597975B1 EP 11743776 A EP11743776 A EP 11743776A EP 2597975 B1 EP2597975 B1 EP 2597975B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cigarette
- cigarette paper
- paper
- water
- soluble salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 131
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 56
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 alkali metal bicarbonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical group OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001407 sodium bicarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 235000015870 tripotassium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKRDADVRIYVCCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCC(O)C(O)=O JKRDADVRIYVCCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical class [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003064 carboxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003893 lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004701 malic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003890 succinate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H1/00—Paper; Cardboard
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/12—Coatings without pigments applied as a solution using water as the only solvent, e.g. in the presence of acid or alkaline compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24934—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including paper layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
- Y10T428/31993—Of paper
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cigarette paper containing a water-soluble salt, preferably sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, whereby a high diffusion capacity during thermal decomposition and thus a reduction of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke is achieved.
- a water-soluble salt preferably sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate
- Cigarette papers are made from cellulose fibers derived from wood, flax or other materials. Mixtures of cellulose fibers of various origins are also used. Cigarette papers have a typical basis weight of 10 g / m 2 to 60 g / m 2 , with the range of 20 g / m 2 to 35 g / m 2 being generally preferred.
- Cigarette papers often also contain inorganic, mineral fillers which are added to the paper in a mass fraction of 10% to 40%.
- a frequently used filler is lime (calcium carbonate).
- lime calcium carbonate
- other carbonates and oxides such as magnesium oxide and aluminum hydroxide are also used.
- the cigarette paper may also be provided with burn salts which increase or decrease the smoldering speed of the paper.
- burn salts which increase or decrease the smoldering speed of the paper.
- very often used are trisodium and tripotassium citrate and mixtures thereof, which are added to the paper to 0% to 5% of the paper pulp.
- the group of fire salts of industrial importance additionally comprises further citrates, malates, tartrates, acetates, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gluconates, glycates, lactates, oxylates, salicylates, ⁇ -hydroxycaprylates and phosphates.
- the paper is impregnated, for example, in the size press with a solution or suspension of these Brandsalze, or the solution or suspension is applied in a film press on the surface of the paper.
- Typical cigarette papers have an air permeability between 10 CU and 300 CU, with the range 20 CU to 120 CU preferably being used. The air permeability can be determined, for example, according to ISO 2965.
- the diffusion capacity of a cigarette paper for CO 2 can be determined, for example, with the CO 2 Diffusivity Meter from Sodim.
- Typical cigarette papers have a diffusion capacity between 0.1 cm / s and 3.5 cm / s at room temperature, with the range of 0.5 cm / s to 3.0 cm / s preferably occurring.
- the diffusion capacity can be measured at room temperature or standard conditions, such as a temperature of 23 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%, after the paper has been conditioned accordingly. Alternatively, among other things, it is also possible to determine the diffusion capacity of the paper after the paper has been subjected to thermal stress, in particular by elevated temperatures.
- both the air permeability and the diffusion capacity are determined by the pore structure of the cigarette paper, so there is a relationship between these sizes. It proves technically difficult to adjust the diffusion capacity regardless of the air permeability of the paper in the papermaking process.
- the air permeability is in most cases the subject of the paper specification given by the manufacturers of cigarettes, so that, under this requirement, the diffusion capacity results practically from the papermaking process and only can be varied in a small area. Therefore, there is a particular interest in finding papers whose diffusion capacity increases only when needed, namely, just when the temperature of the paper is increased by the ember on the smoldering cigarette.
- the substances in cigarette smoke are determined by a method in which the cigarette is smoked according to standardized specifications. Such a method is described for example in ISO 4387.
- the cigarette is first ignited at the beginning of the first train and then every minute a train at the mouth end of the cigarette with a duration of 2 seconds and a volume of 35 cm 3 performed at a sinusoidal tensile profile on the cigarette.
- the trains are repeated as long as the cigarette until the cigarette falls below a certain predetermined in the standard length.
- the smoke flowing from the mouth end of the cigarette during traction is collected in a Cambridge Filter Pad and this filter is thereafter chemically analyzed for its content of various substances, such as nicotine.
- the gas phase flowing from the mouth end of the cigarette through the Cambridge Filter Pad during trains is collected and also chemically analyzed, for example to determine the level of carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke.
- the cigarette is therefore in two fluidically different states.
- there is a significant pressure difference typically in the range of 200 Pa to 1500 Pa, between the tobacco-facing inside of the cigarette paper and the outside of the cigarette paper.
- air flows through the cigarette paper in the tobacco part of the cigarette and dilutes the resulting smoke during the move.
- this phase which lasts 2 seconds per draw, the extent of dilution is determined by the air permeability of the paper.
- the cigarette will glow without any appreciable pressure difference between the inside of the tobacco part of the cigarette and the environment, so that the gas transport is determined by the gas concentration difference between the tobacco part and the environment. It is also carbon monoxide through the cigarette paper from the tobacco part and in particular from the region of the cone of gluten in the Ambient air diffuse. In this phase, which lasts 58 seconds per turn, the diffusion capacity for the reduction of carbon monoxide is the relevant parameter.
- the diffusion capacity of the cigarette paper is high and that it is high, in particular in the area of the cone of embers, since at this point the carbon monoxide is formed. It is thus particularly advantageous if the diffusion capacity is high or rises rapidly as soon as the cigarette paper is exposed to elevated temperatures due to the approach of the cone.
- An object of the invention is to provide a cigarette paper having an increased diffusion capacity, which enables reduction of carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke.
- the invention achieves this object by impregnating or coating the cigarette paper with one or more water-soluble salts which, at relatively low temperatures, i. significantly less than 450 ° C, disintegrate and thereby loosen up the pore structure of the paper on a smoldering cigarette made thereof, so that a significantly better diffusion of carbon monoxide from the cigarette is allowed.
- the water-soluble salt loses more than 20%, preferably more than 25%, more preferably more than 30%, and most preferably more than 35% of its starting material.
- the water-soluble salt is an inorganic salt or a mixture of inorganic salts.
- the water-soluble salt is a hydrogencarbonate, preferably an alkali metal bicarbonate or an ammonium bicarbonate, or a carbonate, preferably an ammonium carbonate.
- a hydrogencarbonate preferably an alkali metal bicarbonate or an ammonium bicarbonate
- a carbonate preferably an ammonium carbonate.
- the water-soluble salt or the alkali metal bicarbonate is a sodium or potassium bicarbonate.
- a mixture of the two salts is also contemplated.
- the European patent application EP 0 758 532 A2 describes the treatment of a filter pad paper or Tippingpapiers inter alia with an alkali metal bicarbonate, but not the treatment of a "cigarette paper" in the true sense, ie a cigarette paper for wrapping the tobacco rod of a cigarette. The goal of this treatment is to make the filter pad paper easier to dissolve in rainwater so that discarded filters are more likely to degrade in the environment.
- the alkali metal bicarbonate has the function of neutralizing a carboxymethylcellulose acid (CMS-H) or a carboxyethylcellulose acid (CEC-H), ie to convert it into corresponding alkali metal salts, for example CMC-NA or CEC-Na.
- CMS-H carboxymethylcellulose acid
- CEC-H carboxyethylcellulose acid
- this disclosure does not suggest that cigarette wrapping papers should be treated in a similar manner where the problem of easier disintegration in water does not arise.
- the alkali metal bicarbonate decomposes at comparatively low temperatures and thus would be suitable for a smoldering cigarette, the pore structure of the paper so mecaniclockern that improved diffusion of carbon monoxide from the cigarette is allowed.
- a similar filter paper or Tippingpapier is in the EP 0 758 695 A2 disclosed.
- the water-soluble salt or the alkali metal bicarbonate is a potassium bicarbonate.
- the content of the water-soluble salt is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 1% to 6%, particularly preferably 3% to 6% of the paper pulp. These levels can also be achieved by a mixture of different water-soluble salts.
- the water-soluble salt is sodium bicarbonate with a content of at least 4%, preferably 4% to 10%, particularly preferably 4% to 6% of the paper pulp.
- the water-soluble salt is potassium bicarbonate of at least 3%, preferably 3% to 10%, more preferably 3% to 6% of the paper pulp.
- the water-soluble salt is ammonium carbonate with at least 4%, preferably 4% to 10%, more preferably 4% to 6% of the paper pulp.
- the water-soluble salt is contained in partial areas of the cigarette paper, preferably in discrete strip-shaped partial areas.
- the subregions are designed such that they form one or more bands in the circumferential direction of a tobacco rod on a cigarette made from the cigarette paper.
- cigarette paper as known in the art, is already provided with diffusion-reducing, fire-retardant stripes in order to achieve self-extinguishment of a cigarette produced therefrom in a standardized test (ASTM E2187-04).
- these fire retardant strips are arranged to form ribbons on the cigarette circumferentially.
- Such cigarettes have increased levels of carbon monoxide because less carbon monoxide can diffuse from the cigarette through the fire retardant strips.
- the subregions are separated from fire-retardant areas, preferably fire-retardant strips.
- the term "separated” is intended to mean that the subregions are delimited from the fire retardant areas However, also a certain overlap into consideration, which may be caused for example by production technology.
- the cigarette paper is impregnated (soaked) with the water-soluble salt.
- the cigarette paper is coated with the water-soluble salt on one or both sides.
- the content of the above-defined water-soluble salt is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 1% to 6%, particularly preferably 3% to 6% of the paper pulp.
- the above-defined water-soluble salt is a sodium hydrogencarbonate with a content of at least 4%, preferably 4% to 10%, particularly preferably 4% to 6% of the paper pulp.
- the above-defined water-soluble salt is a potassium hydrogencarbonate having at least 3%, preferably 3% to 10%, more preferably 3% to 6% of the paper pulp.
- the above-defined water-soluble salt is an ammonium carbonate having at least 4%, preferably 4% to 10%, more preferably 4% to 6% of the paper pulp.
- the above-defined water-soluble salt is contained in discrete portions of the cigarette paper, preferably in strip-shaped portions.
- the subregions with the above-defined water-soluble salt are designed such that they form one or more bands in the circumferential direction of a tobacco rod on a cigarette made from the cigarette paper.
- the subregions are separated from fire-retardant areas.
- the cigarette paper is impregnated (soaked) with the above-defined water-soluble salt.
- the cigarette paper is coated with the water-soluble salt defined above on one or both sides.
- the object of the invention is further achieved by a cigarette which comprises a cigarette paper according to the invention.
- the cigarette can be produced on conventional cigarette machines from the cigarette paper with the aid of further, sometimes optional components such as tobacco, tipping paper, filters, filter wrap paper and glue.
- the water-soluble salt is an inorganic salt. Mixtures of inorganic salts in the aqueous solution are also contemplated.
- the water-soluble salt in the aqueous solution is a bicarbonate, preferably an alkali metal bicarbonate or an ammonium bicarbonate, or a carbonate, preferably an ammonium carbonate. Mixtures of these salts in the aqueous solution are also contemplated.
- the water-soluble salt or the alkali metal bicarbonate is a sodium or potassium hydrogencarbonate. Mixtures of the two salts in the aqueous solution are also contemplated.
- the water-soluble salt or the alkali metal bicarbonate is a potassium bicarbonate.
- the content of the at least one water-soluble salt is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 1% to 6%, particularly preferably 3% to 6%, of the paper pulp of the cigarette paper produced by the process.
- step (2) of the method the water-soluble salt is applied in partial areas of the cigarette paper, preferably in discrete strip-shaped partial areas.
- the subregions are designed such that they form one or more bands in the circumferential direction of a tobacco rod on a cigarette made from the cigarette paper.
- the subregions are separated from fire-retardant areas.
- step (2) of the method the aqueous solution is applied using a size press or a film press.
- the application of the aqueous solution in the size press or film press of a paper machine takes place over the whole area on one or both sides of the paper.
- the paper in the paper machine is substantially impregnated with the solution.
- step (2) of the method the application of the aqueous solution is carried out using a printing or spraying technique.
- aqueous solution by means of a printing process or by spraying in or after the paper machine offers the possibility of applying the solution more superficially and only on one side of the paper. This can be beneficial if the solution is the changed the optical properties of the paper. Then preferably the solution is applied to the later side of the tobacco facing the paper.
- the subregions are separated from fire-retardant areas.
- the invention is based on the surprising finding that a cigarette paper with an increased diffusion capacity can be achieved by impregnating or coating the paper with certain salts, shown here with sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate, which are already at comparatively low temperatures, ie significantly lower 450 ° C, decay and thus open the pore structure of the cigarette paper. It has been shown that the increase in the diffusion capacity of the cigarette paper during the thermal decomposition can be partially increased by more than double. Such an increase in the increase in diffusion capacity can significantly contribute to the reduction of harmful carbon monoxide in the smoke of cigarettes made from these papers.
- Example 1 Preparation of cigarette paper with sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate
- This is a common cigarette paper, so that comparable results can be expected with other cigarette papers and in principle there are no restrictions on the selection of the cigarette paper, for example in terms of air permeability, diffusion capacity, fiber and filler composition or basis weight.
- This cigarette paper was impregnated with aqueous solutions of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO 3 ) or ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) in various concentrations in the size press.
- NaHCO 3 sodium bicarbonate
- KHCO 3 potassium hydrogen carbonate
- ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 )
- the diffusion capacity of the cigarette papers produced in Example 1 was determined using a CO 2 Diffusivity Meter from Sodim.
- the diffusion capacity of the papers at 23 ° C and 50% humidity was uniformly about 1.75 cm / s. After being exposed to a temperature of 230 ° C for 30 minutes, the papers were conditioned to 23 ° C and 50% RH and the diffusion capacity was measured. The absolute measurements are given in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows that the diffusion capacity of papers with sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate at any given content in the pulp is higher than that of papers with trisodium citrate or trisodium / tripotassium citrate.
- the highest diffusion capacity measured with citrate is 2.616 cm / s at 7% trisodium / tripotassium citrate.
- Higher values than 2.616 cm / s are achieved with sodium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate from a content of 4% and with potassium bicarbonate even from a content of 3%.
- a diffusion capacity of 2.7 cm / s and more is achieved only with sodium bicarbonate ( ⁇ 6%), potassium bicarbonate ( ⁇ 4%) or ammonium carbonate ( ⁇ 5%), but not with the citrates.
- the examples further show that an increase in the diffusion capacity of more than 0.9 cm / s, starting from the initial value at 23 ° C, in this case of 1.75 cm / s, or a percentage increase in the diffusion capacity by more than 50%, also based on the initial value at 23 ° C, can not be achieved with citrates as conventional Brandsalzen, but with the inorganic salts used.
- citrates as conventional Brandsalzen, but with the inorganic salts used.
- at least 4% sodium bicarbonate or at least 3% potassium hydrogen carbonate or at least 4% ammonium carbonate must be used.
- the improvement that can be achieved seems to be getting smaller and smaller with a content exceeding 6%, but it does not come to a standstill up to a content of 8%, so that even here a reasonable upper limit of about 10% can be drawn.
- the potassium hydrogencarbonate proves to be superior to the sodium hydrogencarbonate or the ammonium carbonate for the intended effect, so that it can be used with particular preference.
- the selected inorganic salt at 230 ° C is at least about 30% to 35%, presumably already at lower levels, e.g. from 15% or 25%, of its initial mass.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Zigarettenpapier, das ein wasserlösliches Salz, vorzugsweise Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Kaliumhydrogencarbonat oder Ammoniumcarbonat enthält, wodurch eine hohe Diffusionskapazität während des thermischen Zerfalls und damit eine Reduktion von Kohlenmonoxid im Zigarettenrauch erreicht wird.The present invention relates to a cigarette paper containing a water-soluble salt, preferably sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, whereby a high diffusion capacity during thermal decomposition and thus a reduction of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke is achieved.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, dass der Zigarettenrauch viele gesundheitsschädliche Substanzen enthält, unter anderem auch Kohlenmonoxid. Es besteht daher ein großes Interesse in der Industrie, Zigaretten zu produzieren, deren Rauch nennenswert weniger schädliche Substanzen enthält. Zur Reduktion der Menge an solchen Substanzen sind Zigaretten sehr oft mit Filtern, typischerweise aus Celluloseacetat, ausgestattet. Diese Filter sind jedoch nicht in der Lage, den Gehalt an Kohlenmonoxid im Rauch der Zigarette zu reduzieren, da Celluloseacetat das Kohlenmonoxid nicht absorbieren kann. Verschiedene Vorschläge, Katalysatoren in den Filter einzubauen, um Kohlenmonoxid in das weniger schädliche Kohlendioxid umzuwandeln, waren bisher teils aus funktionalen teils aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen nicht erfolgreich.It is well known that cigarette smoke contains many harmful substances, including carbon monoxide. There is therefore a great interest in the industry to produce cigarettes whose smoke contains significantly less harmful substances. To reduce the amount of such substances, cigarettes are very often equipped with filters, typically of cellulose acetate. However, these filters are unable to reduce the level of carbon monoxide in the smoke of the cigarette because cellulose acetate can not absorb the carbon monoxide. Various proposals to incorporate catalysts into the filter to convert carbon monoxide into the less harmful carbon dioxide have hitherto been unsuccessful, partly for functional and economic reasons.
Es ist auch bekannt, den in der Zigarette entstehenden Rauch beispielsweise durch einen durch die Perforation des Mundstückbelagpapiers strömenden Luftstrom zu verdünnen. Dieses Verfahren hat den Vorteil, dass es den Gehalt an Kohlenmonoxid im Zigarettenrauch reduzieren kann, jedoch den Nachteil, dass auch die den Geschmack der Zigarette bestimmenden Substanzen verdünnt werden und damit der Geschmackseindruck der Zigarette und die Kundenakzeptanz verschlechtert werden.It is also known to dilute the smoke produced in the cigarette, for example, by a stream of air flowing through the perforation of the tipping paper. This method has the advantage that it can reduce the content of carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke, but has the disadvantage that also the taste of the cigarette determining substances are diluted and thus the taste impression of the cigarette and the customer acceptance are deteriorated.
Es ist zudem bekannt, dass durch Erhöhung der Gasdiffusion durch das Zigarettenpapier Kohlenmonoxid im Zigarettenrauch selektiv reduziert werden kann. Verschiedene Ansätze, die Diffusionskonstante des Zigarettenpapiers zu erhöhen, beispielsweise durch Wahl geeigneter Partikelgrößenverteilungen der Füllstoffe, sind bereits aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Wiewohl diese Ansätze erste Erfolge gezeigt haben, mangelt es noch immer an einer Möglichkeit, die Diffusionskonstante des Zigarettenpapiers so nennenswert zu steigern, dass eine substanzielle Reduktion an Kohlenmonoxid zustande kommt.It is also known that by increasing the gas diffusion through the cigarette paper, carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke can be selectively reduced. Various approaches to increase the diffusion constant of the cigarette paper, for example by selecting suitable particle size distributions of the fillers are already known in the art known. Although these approaches have shown initial success, there is still a lack of opportunity to increase the diffusion constant of the cigarette paper so significantly that a substantial reduction in carbon monoxide is achieved.
Hohe Werte an Kohlenmonoxid werden vor allem auch für die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten selbstverlöschenden Zigaretten beobachtet. Bei solchen Zigaretten werden auf das Zigarettenpapier brandhemmende Streifen aufgebracht, um in einem genormten Test (ASTM E2187-04) Selbstverlöschung zu erzielen. Dieser Test ist Bestandteil gesetzlicher Regelungen, wie beispielweise in den USA, Kanada, Australien und Finnland. Die erhöhten Werte an Kohlenmonoxid kommen dadurch zustande, dass das Kohlenmonoxid nicht durch die brandhemmenden Streifen aus der Zigarette diffundieren kann. Es besteht daher ein Interesse in der Industrie, Zigarettenpapiere zur Verfügung zu haben, die diesen unerwünschten Nebeneffekt kompensieren.High levels of carbon monoxide are also observed especially for the self-extinguishing cigarettes known from the prior art. In such cigarettes, fire retardant streaks are applied to the cigarette paper for self extinguishment in a standardized test (ASTM E2187-04). This test is part of legal regulations, such as in the US, Canada, Australia and Finland. The increased levels of carbon monoxide are due to the fact that the carbon monoxide can not diffuse through the fire-retardant strip from the cigarette. There is therefore an interest in industry to have cigarette papers available that compensate for this undesirable side effect.
Typische Zigarettenpapiere bestehen aus Zellulosefasern, die aus Holz, Flachs oder anderen Materialien gewonnen werden. Auch Gemische aus Zellulosefasern verschiedener Herkunft werden eingesetzt. Zigarettenpapiere haben ein typisches Flächengewicht von 10 g/m2 bis 60 g/m2, wobei der Bereich von 20 g/m2 bis 35 g/m2 im Allgemeinen bevorzugt wird.Typical cigarette papers are made from cellulose fibers derived from wood, flax or other materials. Mixtures of cellulose fibers of various origins are also used. Cigarette papers have a typical basis weight of 10 g / m 2 to 60 g / m 2 , with the range of 20 g / m 2 to 35 g / m 2 being generally preferred.
Zigarettenpapiere enthalten oft auch anorganische, mineralische Füllstoffe, die dem Papier zu einem Massenanteil von 10% bis 40% zugesetzt werden. Ein häufig eingesetzter Füllstoff ist Kalk (Kalziumcarbonat). Eingesetzt werden aber auch andere Carbonate und Oxide, wie Magnesiumoxid und Aluminiumhydroxid.Cigarette papers often also contain inorganic, mineral fillers which are added to the paper in a mass fraction of 10% to 40%. A frequently used filler is lime (calcium carbonate). However, other carbonates and oxides such as magnesium oxide and aluminum hydroxide are also used.
Das Zigarettenpapier kann außerdem auch mit Brandsalzen ausgestattet werden, die die Glimmgeschwindigkeit des Papiers erhöhen oder verringern. Sehr häufig eingesetzt werden Trinatrium- und Trikaliumzitrat und Gemische daraus, die dem Papier zu 0% bis 5% der Papiermasse zugesetzt werden. Die Gruppe der Brandsalze von technischer Bedeutung umfasst aber zusätzlich weitere Zitrate, Malate, Tartrate, Acetate, Nitrate, Succinate, Fumarate, Gluconate, Gycolate, Lactate, Oxylate, Salicylate, α-Hydroxycaprylate und Phosphate. Dabei wird das Papier beispielsweise in der Leimpresse mit einer Lösung oder Suspension dieser Brandsalze imprägniert, oder die Lösung oder Suspension wird in einer Filmpresse auf die Oberfläche des Papiers aufgetragen.The cigarette paper may also be provided with burn salts which increase or decrease the smoldering speed of the paper. Very often used are trisodium and tripotassium citrate and mixtures thereof, which are added to the paper to 0% to 5% of the paper pulp. However, the group of fire salts of industrial importance additionally comprises further citrates, malates, tartrates, acetates, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gluconates, glycates, lactates, oxylates, salicylates, α-hydroxycaprylates and phosphates. The paper is impregnated, for example, in the size press with a solution or suspension of these Brandsalze, or the solution or suspension is applied in a film press on the surface of the paper.
Eine typische Eigenschaft des Zigarettenpapiers von großer technischer Bedeutung ist seine Luftdurchlässigkeit. Sie beschreibt die Durchlässigkeit des Papiers für einen Luftstrom, der durch eine Druckdifferenz zwischen den beiden Seiten des Papiers verursacht wird. Sie bezeichnet daher das durch das Papier pro Zeiteinheit, pro Flächeneinheit und pro Druckdifferenz tretende Luftvolumen und hat daher die Einheit cm3 / (min cm2 kPa). Sie wird häufig als CORESTA Einheit (CORESTA Unit, CU) bezeichnet, wobei gilt 1 CU = 1 cm3 / (min cm2 kPa). Typische Zigarettenpapiere weisen eine Luftdurchlässigkeit zwischen 10 CU und 300 CU auf, wobei der Bereich 20 CU bis 120 CU vorzugsweise Verwendung findet. Die Luftdurchlässigkeit kann beispielsweise nach ISO 2965 bestimmt werden.A typical feature of cigarette paper of great technical importance is its air permeability. It describes the permeability of the paper to an airflow caused by a pressure difference between the two sides of the paper. It therefore denotes the volume of air passing through the paper per unit time, per unit area and per pressure difference and therefore has the unit cm 3 / (min cm 2 kPa). It is often referred to as CORESTA unit (CORESTA unit, CU), where 1 CU = 1 cm 3 / (min cm 2 kPa). Typical cigarette papers have an air permeability between 10 CU and 300 CU, with the range 20 CU to 120 CU preferably being used. The air permeability can be determined, for example, according to ISO 2965.
Eine weitere wichtige Eigenschaft des Zigarettenpapiers ist dessen Diffusionskapazität. Die Diffusionskapazität ist ein Transferkoeffizient und beschreibt die Durchlässigkeit des Zigarettenpapiers für einen Gasstrom, der durch eine Konzentrationsdifferenz verursacht wird. Sie bezeichnet daher das durch das Papier pro Zeiteinheit, pro Flächeneinheit und pro Konzentrationsdifferenz tretende Gasvolumen und hat daher die Einheit cm3/(cm2 s) = cm/s. Die Diffusionskapazität eines Zigarettenpapiers für CO2 kann beispielsweise mit dem CO2 Diffusivity Meter der Firma Sodim bestimmt werden. Typische Zigarettenpapiere weisen bei Raumtemperatur eine Diffusionskapazität zwischen 0,1 cm/s und 3,5 cm/s auf, wobei der Bereich von 0,5 cm/s bis 3,0 cm/s vorzugsweise auftritt.Another important feature of the cigarette paper is its diffusion capacity. The diffusion capacity is a transfer coefficient and describes the permeability of the cigarette paper to a gas flow caused by a concentration difference. It therefore denotes the gas volume passing through the paper per unit of time, per unit area and per concentration difference and therefore has the unit cm 3 / (cm 2 s) = cm / s. The diffusion capacity of a cigarette paper for CO 2 can be determined, for example, with the CO 2 Diffusivity Meter from Sodim. Typical cigarette papers have a diffusion capacity between 0.1 cm / s and 3.5 cm / s at room temperature, with the range of 0.5 cm / s to 3.0 cm / s preferably occurring.
Die Diffusionskapazität kann bei Raumtemperatur oder Normbedingungen, wie beispielsweise einer Temperatur von 23°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 50% gemessen werden, nachdem das Papier entsprechend konditioniert wurde. Alternativ ist es unter anderem auch möglich, die Diffusionskapazität des Papiers zu bestimmen, nachdem das Papier einer thermischen Belastung, insbesondere durch erhöhte Temperaturen, ausgesetzt wurde.The diffusion capacity can be measured at room temperature or standard conditions, such as a temperature of 23 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%, after the paper has been conditioned accordingly. Alternatively, among other things, it is also possible to determine the diffusion capacity of the paper after the paper has been subjected to thermal stress, in particular by elevated temperatures.
Sowohl die Luftdurchlässigkeit als auch die Diffusionskapazität werden durch die Porenstruktur des Zigarettenpapiers bestimmt, sodass zwischen diesen Größen ein Zusammenhang besteht. Es erweist sich als technisch schwierig, die Diffusionskapazität unabhängig von der Luftdurchlässigkeit des Papiers im Papierherstellungsprozess einzustellen. Insbesondere ist die Luftdurchlässigkeit in den meisten Fällen Gegenstand der von den Herstellern von Zigaretten vorgegebenen Papierspezifikation, sodass sich unter dieser Vorgabe die Diffusionskapazität praktisch aus dem Papierherstellungsprozess ergibt und nur in einem kleinen Bereich variiert werden kann. Daher besteht insbesondere ein Interesse darin, Papiere zu finden, deren Diffusionskapazität erst bei Bedarf steigt, nämlich eben dann, wenn auf der glimmenden Zigarette durch den Glutkegel die Temperatur des Papiers erhöht wird.Both the air permeability and the diffusion capacity are determined by the pore structure of the cigarette paper, so there is a relationship between these sizes. It proves technically difficult to adjust the diffusion capacity regardless of the air permeability of the paper in the papermaking process. In particular, the air permeability is in most cases the subject of the paper specification given by the manufacturers of cigarettes, so that, under this requirement, the diffusion capacity results practically from the papermaking process and only can be varied in a small area. Therefore, there is a particular interest in finding papers whose diffusion capacity increases only when needed, namely, just when the temperature of the paper is increased by the ember on the smoldering cigarette.
Die Substanzen im Zigarettenrauch werden durch ein Verfahren bestimmt, bei dem die Zigarette nach genormten Vorgaben abgeraucht wird. Ein solches Verfahren ist beispielsweise in ISO 4387 beschrieben. Dabei wird die Zigarette zunächst am Beginn des ersten Zugs angezündet und dann jede Minute ein Zug am Mundende der Zigarette mit einer Dauer von 2 Sekunden und einem Volumen von 35 cm3 bei einem sinusförmigen Zugprofil an der Zigarette durchgeführt. Die Züge werden dabei solange an der Zigarette wiederholt, bis die Zigarette eine bestimmte, in der Norm vorgegebene Länge unterschreitet. Der aus dem Mundende der Zigarette während der Züge strömende Rauch wird in einem Cambridge Filter Pad gesammelt und dieser Filter wird danach hinsichtlich seines Gehalts an verschiedenen Substanzen, beispielsweise Nikotin, chemisch analysiert. Die aus dem Mundende der Zigarette während der Züge durch das Cambridge Filter Pad hindurchströmende Gasphase wird gesammelt und ebenfalls chemisch analysiert, beispielsweise um den Gehalt an Kohlenmonoxid im Zigarettenrauch zu ermitteln.The substances in cigarette smoke are determined by a method in which the cigarette is smoked according to standardized specifications. Such a method is described for example in ISO 4387. In this case, the cigarette is first ignited at the beginning of the first train and then every minute a train at the mouth end of the cigarette with a duration of 2 seconds and a volume of 35 cm 3 performed at a sinusoidal tensile profile on the cigarette. The trains are repeated as long as the cigarette until the cigarette falls below a certain predetermined in the standard length. The smoke flowing from the mouth end of the cigarette during traction is collected in a Cambridge Filter Pad and this filter is thereafter chemically analyzed for its content of various substances, such as nicotine. The gas phase flowing from the mouth end of the cigarette through the Cambridge Filter Pad during trains is collected and also chemically analyzed, for example to determine the level of carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke.
Während des genormten Abrauchens befindet sich die Zigarette also in zwei strömungstechnisch unterschiedlichen Zuständen. Während des Zugs besteht eine nennenswerte Druckdifferenz, typischerweise im Bereich von 200 Pa bis 1500 Pa zwischen der dem Tabak zugewandten Innenseite des Zigarettenpapiers und der Außenseite des Zigarettenpapiers. Durch diese Druckdifferenz strömt Luft durch das Zigarettenpapier in den Tabakteil der Zigarette und verdünnt den während des Zuges entstehenden Rauch. Während dieser Phase, die pro Zug 2 Sekunden dauert, wird das Ausmaß der Verdünnung durch die Luftdurchlässigkeit des Papiers bestimmt.During standardized smoking, the cigarette is therefore in two fluidically different states. During the draw, there is a significant pressure difference, typically in the range of 200 Pa to 1500 Pa, between the tobacco-facing inside of the cigarette paper and the outside of the cigarette paper. By this pressure difference, air flows through the cigarette paper in the tobacco part of the cigarette and dilutes the resulting smoke during the move. During this phase, which lasts 2 seconds per draw, the extent of dilution is determined by the air permeability of the paper.
Im Zeitraum zwischen den Zügen hingegen, glimmt die Zigarette ohne eine nennenswerte Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Inneren des Tabakteils der Zigarette und der Umgebung, sodass der Gastransport durch die Gaskonzentrationsdifferenz zwischen Tabakteil und Umgebung bestimmt wird. Dabei kann auch Kohlenmonoxid durch das Zigarettenpapier hindurch aus dem Tabakteil und insbesondere aus der Region des Glutkegels in die Umgebungsluft diffundieren. In dieser Phase, die pro Zug 58 Sekunden dauert, ist die Diffusionskapazität für die Reduktion des Kohlenmonoxids der maßgebliche Parameter.In contrast, during the period between trains, the cigarette will glow without any appreciable pressure difference between the inside of the tobacco part of the cigarette and the environment, so that the gas transport is determined by the gas concentration difference between the tobacco part and the environment. It is also carbon monoxide through the cigarette paper from the tobacco part and in particular from the region of the cone of gluten in the Ambient air diffuse. In this phase, which lasts 58 seconds per turn, the diffusion capacity for the reduction of carbon monoxide is the relevant parameter.
Um den Gehalt an Kohlenmonoxid im Rauch zu reduzieren, kommt es also darauf an, dass die Diffusionskapazität des Zigarettenpapiers hoch ist und dass sie insbesondere im Bereich des Glutkegels hoch ist, da an dieser Stelle das Kohlenmonoxid entsteht. Es ist also besonders von Vorteil, wenn die Diffusionskapazität hoch ist oder rasch steigt, sobald das Zigarettenpapier durch die Annährung des Glutkegels erhöhten Temperaturen ausgesetzt wird.In order to reduce the content of carbon monoxide in the smoke, it is therefore important that the diffusion capacity of the cigarette paper is high and that it is high, in particular in the area of the cone of embers, since at this point the carbon monoxide is formed. It is thus particularly advantageous if the diffusion capacity is high or rises rapidly as soon as the cigarette paper is exposed to elevated temperatures due to the approach of the cone.
Beim Abrauchen einer Zigarette erkennt man im Gebiet des Glutkegels recht deutlich eine sogenannte "Char Line", die das bereits fast vollständig thermisch zerstörte Zigarettenpapier von dem noch weitgehend intakten Zigarettenpapier trennt. Messungen aus dem Stand der Technik zeigen, dass die sogenannte "Char Line" eine Temperatur von etwa 450°C aufweist. Entsprechend kommt es daher darauf an, dass die Diffusionskapazität des Zigarettenpapiers schon bei Temperaturen die wesentlich unter 450°C liegen, hoch ist oder stark steigt.When smoking a cigarette can be seen in the area of the cone rather clearly a so-called "Char Line", which separates the already almost completely thermally destroyed cigarette paper from the still largely intact cigarette paper. Prior art measurements show that the so-called "char line" has a temperature of about 450 ° C. Accordingly, it is therefore important that the diffusion capacity of the cigarette paper already at temperatures substantially below 450 ° C, is high or rises sharply.
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Zigarettenpapier mit einer gesteigerten Diffusionskapazität verfügbar zu machen, das eine Reduktion an Kohlenmonoxid im Zigarettenrauch ermöglicht.An object of the invention is to provide a cigarette paper having an increased diffusion capacity, which enables reduction of carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe, indem das Zigarettenpapier mit einem oder mehreren wasserlöslichen Salzen imprägniert oder beschichtet wird, die bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperaturen, d.h. deutlich weniger als 450°C, zerfallen und dadurch auf einer daraus gefertigten, glimmenden Zigarette die Porenstruktur des Papiers so auflockern, dass eine erheblich bessere Diffusion von Kohlenmonoxid aus der Zigarette erlaubt wird.The invention achieves this object by impregnating or coating the cigarette paper with one or more water-soluble salts which, at relatively low temperatures, i. significantly less than 450 ° C, disintegrate and thereby loosen up the pore structure of the paper on a smoldering cigarette made thereof, so that a significantly better diffusion of carbon monoxide from the cigarette is allowed.
Insbesondere wird die Aufgabe der Erfindung gelöst durch ein Zigarettenpapier nach Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung nach Anspruch 8. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.In particular, the object of the invention is achieved by a cigarette paper according to
In einer Ausführung verliert das wasserlösliche Salz mehr als 20%, vorzugsweise mehr als 25%, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 30%, und ganz besonders bevorzugt mehr als 35% seiner Ausgangsmasse.In one embodiment, the water-soluble salt loses more than 20%, preferably more than 25%, more preferably more than 30%, and most preferably more than 35% of its starting material.
In einer Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz ein anorganisches Salz oder eine Mischung aus anorganischen Salzen.In one embodiment, the water-soluble salt is an inorganic salt or a mixture of inorganic salts.
In einer Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz ein Hydrogencarbonat, vorzugsweise ein Alkalimetall-Hydrogencarbonat oder ein Ammonium-Hydrogencarbonat, oder ein Carbonat, vorzugsweise ein Ammoniumcarbonat. Eine Mischung dieser Salze wird ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen.In one embodiment, the water-soluble salt is a hydrogencarbonate, preferably an alkali metal bicarbonate or an ammonium bicarbonate, or a carbonate, preferably an ammonium carbonate. A mixture of these salts is also contemplated.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz bzw. das Alkalimetall-Hydrogencarbonat ein Natrium- oder Kaliumhydrogencarbonat. Eine Mischung der beiden Salze wird ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen. Man beachte, dass die Europäische Offenlegungsschrift
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz bzw. das Alkalimetall-Hydrogencarbonat ein Kaliumhydrogencarbonat.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the water-soluble salt or the alkali metal bicarbonate is a potassium bicarbonate.
In einer Ausführung beträgt der Gehalt an dem wasserlöslichen Salz 0,1% bis 10%, vorzugsweise 1% bis 6%, besonders bevorzugt 3% bis 6% der Papiermasse. Diese Gehalte können auch durch eine Mischung verschiedener wasserlöslicher Salze erzielt werden.In one embodiment, the content of the water-soluble salt is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 1% to 6%, particularly preferably 3% to 6% of the paper pulp. These levels can also be achieved by a mixture of different water-soluble salts.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz Natriumhydrogencarbonat mit einem Gehalt von mindestens 4%, vorzugsweise 4% bis 10%, besonders bevorzugt 4% bis 6% der Papiermasse.In a preferred embodiment, the water-soluble salt is sodium bicarbonate with a content of at least 4%, preferably 4% to 10%, particularly preferably 4% to 6% of the paper pulp.
In einer alternativen bevorzugten Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz Kaliumhydrogencarbonat mit mindestens 3%, vorzugsweise 3% bis 10%, besonders bevorzugt 3% bis 6% der Papiermasse.In an alternative preferred embodiment, the water-soluble salt is potassium bicarbonate of at least 3%, preferably 3% to 10%, more preferably 3% to 6% of the paper pulp.
In einer weiteren alternativen bevorzugten Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz Ammoniumcarbonat mit mindestens 4%, vorzugsweise 4% bis 10%, besonders bevorzugt 4% bis 6% der Papiermasse.In a further alternative preferred embodiment, the water-soluble salt is ammonium carbonate with at least 4%, preferably 4% to 10%, more preferably 4% to 6% of the paper pulp.
In einer Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz in Teilbereichen des Zigarettenpapiers, vorzugsweise in diskreten streifenförmigen Teilbereichen enthalten.In one embodiment, the water-soluble salt is contained in partial areas of the cigarette paper, preferably in discrete strip-shaped partial areas.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Teilbereiche derart gestaltet, dass sie auf einer aus dem Zigarettenpapier gefertigten Zigarette ein oder mehrere Bänder in Umfangsrichtung eines Tabakstrangs bilden.In a preferred embodiment, the subregions are designed such that they form one or more bands in the circumferential direction of a tobacco rod on a cigarette made from the cigarette paper.
Dies kann beispielsweise dann von Vorteil sein, wenn das Zigarettenpapier, wie im Stand der Technik bekannt, bereits mit die Diffusionskapazität reduzierenden, brandhemmenden Streifen versehen ist, um eine Selbstverlöschung einer daraus gefertigten Zigarette in einem genormten Test (ASTM E2187-04) zu erzielen. Typischweise sind diese brandhemmenden Streifen so angeordnet, dass sie auf der Zigarette in Umfangsrichtung Bänder bilden. Solche Zigaretten weisen erhöhte Werte von Kohlenmonoxid auf, da durch die brandhemmenden Streifen weniger Kohlenmonoxid aus der Zigarette diffundieren kann. Um diesen Effekt zu kompensieren, kann es sinnvoll sein, auf die noch unbehandelten Bereiche des Zigarettenpapiers, also die Bereiche abseits der brandhemmenden Streifen, die erfindungsgemäßen Salze aufzutragen, um in diesen Bereichen zum Ausgleich höhere Diffusionskapazitäten während des thermischen Zerfalls des Zigarettenpapiers zu erzielen.This may be advantageous, for example, if the cigarette paper, as known in the art, is already provided with diffusion-reducing, fire-retardant stripes in order to achieve self-extinguishment of a cigarette produced therefrom in a standardized test (ASTM E2187-04). Typically, these fire retardant strips are arranged to form ribbons on the cigarette circumferentially. Such cigarettes have increased levels of carbon monoxide because less carbon monoxide can diffuse from the cigarette through the fire retardant strips. To compensate for this effect, it may be useful to apply to the still untreated areas of the cigarette paper, so the areas away from the fire-retardant strip, the salts of the invention to achieve higher diffusion capacities during thermal decomposition of the cigarette paper in these areas to compensate.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Teilbereiche von brandhemmenden Bereichen, vorzugsweise brandhemmenden Streifen getrennt. Der Begriff "getrennt" soll bedeuten, dass die Teilbereiche von den brandhemmenden Bereichen abgegrenzt sind, zieht jedoch auch eine gewisse Überlappung in Betracht, die beispielsweise fertigungstechisch bedingt sein kann.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the subregions are separated from fire-retardant areas, preferably fire-retardant strips. The term "separated" is intended to mean that the subregions are delimited from the fire retardant areas However, also a certain overlap into consideration, which may be caused for example by production technology.
In einer Ausführung ist das Zigarettenpapier mit dem wasserlöslichen Salz imprägniert (getränkt).In one embodiment, the cigarette paper is impregnated (soaked) with the water-soluble salt.
In einer alternativen Ausführung ist das Zigarettenpapier mit dem wasserlöslichen Salz einseitig oder beidseitig beschichtet.In an alternative embodiment, the cigarette paper is coated with the water-soluble salt on one or both sides.
In einer Ausführung beträgt der Gehalt an dem oben definierten wasserlöslichen Salz 0,1% bis 10%, vorzugsweise 1% bis 6%, besonders bevorzugt 3% bis 6% der Papiermasse.In one embodiment, the content of the above-defined water-soluble salt is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 1% to 6%, particularly preferably 3% to 6% of the paper pulp.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist das oben definierte wasserlösliche Salz ein Natriumhydrogencarbonat mit einem Gehalt von mindestens 4%, vorzugsweise 4% bis 10%, besonders bevorzugt 4% bis 6% der Papiermasse.In a preferred embodiment, the above-defined water-soluble salt is a sodium hydrogencarbonate with a content of at least 4%, preferably 4% to 10%, particularly preferably 4% to 6% of the paper pulp.
In einer alternativen bevorzugten Ausführung ist das oben definierte wasserlösliche Salz ein Kaliumhydrogencarbonat mit mindestens 3%, vorzugsweise 3% bis 10%, besonders bevorzugt 3% bis 6% der Papiermasse.In an alternative preferred embodiment, the above-defined water-soluble salt is a potassium hydrogencarbonate having at least 3%, preferably 3% to 10%, more preferably 3% to 6% of the paper pulp.
In einer weiteren alternativen bevorzugten Ausführung ist das oben definierte wasserlösliche Salz ein Ammoniumcarbonat mit mindestens 4%, vorzugsweise 4% bis 10%, besonders bevorzugt 4% bis 6% der Papiermasse.In a further alternative preferred embodiment, the above-defined water-soluble salt is an ammonium carbonate having at least 4%, preferably 4% to 10%, more preferably 4% to 6% of the paper pulp.
In einer Ausführung ist das oben definierte wasserlösliche Salz in diskreten Teilbereichen des Zigarettenpapiers, vorzugsweise in streifenförmigen Teilbereichen enthalten.In one embodiment, the above-defined water-soluble salt is contained in discrete portions of the cigarette paper, preferably in strip-shaped portions.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Teilbereiche mit dem oben definierten wasserlöslichen Salz derart gestaltet, dass sie auf einer aus dem Zigarettenpapier gefertigten Zigarette ein oder mehrere Bänder in Umfangsrichtung eines Tabakstrangs bilden.In a preferred embodiment, the subregions with the above-defined water-soluble salt are designed such that they form one or more bands in the circumferential direction of a tobacco rod on a cigarette made from the cigarette paper.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Teilbereiche von brandhemmenden Bereichen getrennt.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the subregions are separated from fire-retardant areas.
In einer Ausführung ist das Zigarettenpapier mit dem oben definierten wasserlöslichen Salz imprägniert (getränkt).In one embodiment, the cigarette paper is impregnated (soaked) with the above-defined water-soluble salt.
In einer alternativen Ausführung ist das Zigarettenpapier mit dem oben definierten wasserlöslichen Salz einseitig oder beidseitig beschichtet.In an alternative embodiment, the cigarette paper is coated with the water-soluble salt defined above on one or both sides.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird weiterhin gelöst durch eine Zigarette, die ein erfindungsgemäßes Zigarettenpapier umfasst.The object of the invention is further achieved by a cigarette which comprises a cigarette paper according to the invention.
Die Zigarette kann auf üblichen Zigarettenmaschinen aus dem Zigarettenpapier unter Zuhilfenahme weiterer, zum Teil optionaler Komponenten, wie Tabak, Mundstückbelagpapier, Filter, Filterhüllpapier und Leim, gefertigt werden.The cigarette can be produced on conventional cigarette machines from the cigarette paper with the aid of further, sometimes optional components such as tobacco, tipping paper, filters, filter wrap paper and glue.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Zigarettenpapiers, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfasst:
- (1) Bereitstellen eines Zigarettenpapiers oder einer Faser-Füllstoffsuspension mit weniger
als 50%, vorzugsweise wenigerals 30% Wassergehalt, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des Papiers bzw. die Gesamtmasse der Faser-Füllstoffsuspension; - (2) Aufbringen einer wässrigen Lösung mit mindestens einem wasserlöslichen Salz, wobei der Gehalt an dem wasserlöslichen Salz in der Lösung 0,2% bis 20%, vorzugsweise 2% bis 15%, bezogen auf die Masse der Lösung, beträgt.
- (1) providing a cigarette paper or a fiber-filler suspension having less than 50%, preferably less than 30% water content, based on the total mass of the paper or the total mass of the fiber-filler suspension;
- (2) applying an aqueous solution having at least one water-soluble salt, wherein the content of the water-soluble salt in the solution is 0.2% to 20%, preferably 2% to 15%, based on the mass of the solution.
In einer Ausführung des Verfahrens ist das wasserlösliche Salz ein anorganisches Salz. Mischungen von anorganischen Salzen in der wässrigen Lösung werden ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen.In one embodiment of the method, the water-soluble salt is an inorganic salt. Mixtures of inorganic salts in the aqueous solution are also contemplated.
In einer Ausführung des Verfahrens ist das wasserlösliche Salz in der wässrigen Lösung ein Hydrogencarbonat, vorzugsweise ein Alkalimetall-Hydrogencarbonat oder ein Ammonium-Hydrogencarbonat, oder ein Carbonat, vorzugsweise ein Ammoniumcarbonat. Mischungen dieser Salze in der wässrigen Lösung werden ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen.In one embodiment of the method, the water-soluble salt in the aqueous solution is a bicarbonate, preferably an alkali metal bicarbonate or an ammonium bicarbonate, or a carbonate, preferably an ammonium carbonate. Mixtures of these salts in the aqueous solution are also contemplated.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung des Verfahrens ist das wasserlösliche Salz bzw. das Alkalimetall-Hydrogencarbonat ein Natrium- oder Kaliumhydrogencarbonat. Mischungen der beiden Salze in der wässrigen Lösung werden ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen.In a preferred embodiment of the process, the water-soluble salt or the alkali metal bicarbonate is a sodium or potassium hydrogencarbonate. Mixtures of the two salts in the aqueous solution are also contemplated.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung ist das wasserlösliche Salz bzw. das Alkalimetall-Hydrogencarbonat ein Kaliumhydrogencarbonat.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the water-soluble salt or the alkali metal bicarbonate is a potassium bicarbonate.
In einer Ausführung beträgt der Gehalt an dem mindestens einen wasserlöslichen Salz 0,1% bis 10%, vorzugsweise 1% bis 6%, besonders bevorzugt 3% bis 6% der Papiermasse des durch das Verfahren hergestellten Zigarettenpapiers.In one embodiment, the content of the at least one water-soluble salt is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 1% to 6%, particularly preferably 3% to 6%, of the paper pulp of the cigarette paper produced by the process.
In einer Ausführung wird in Schritt (2) des Verfahrens das wasserlösliche Salz in Teilbereichen des Zigarettenpapiers, vorzugsweise in diskreten streifenförmigen Teilbereichen aufgebracht.In one embodiment, in step (2) of the method, the water-soluble salt is applied in partial areas of the cigarette paper, preferably in discrete strip-shaped partial areas.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Teilbereiche derart gestaltet, dass sie auf einer aus dem Zigarettenpapier gefertigten Zigarette ein oder mehrere Bänder in Umfangsrichtung eines Tabakstrangs bilden.In a preferred embodiment, the subregions are designed such that they form one or more bands in the circumferential direction of a tobacco rod on a cigarette made from the cigarette paper.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Teilbereiche von brandhemmenden Bereichen getrennt.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the subregions are separated from fire-retardant areas.
In einer Ausführung erfolgt in Schritt (2) des Verfahrens das Aufbringen der wässrigen Lösung unter Verwendung einer Leimpresse oder einer Filmpresse.In one embodiment, in step (2) of the method, the aqueous solution is applied using a size press or a film press.
Das Aufbringen der wässrigen Lösung in der Leimpresse oder Filmpresse einer Papiermaschine erfolgt vollflächig auf eine oder beide Seiten des Papiers. Dabei wird das Papier in der Papiermaschine im Wesentlichen mit der Lösung imprägniert.The application of the aqueous solution in the size press or film press of a paper machine takes place over the whole area on one or both sides of the paper. In this case, the paper in the paper machine is substantially impregnated with the solution.
In einer alternativen Ausführung erfolgt in Schritt (2) des Verfahrens das Aufbringen der wässrigen Lösung unter Verwendung einer Druck- oder Sprühtechnik.In an alternative embodiment, in step (2) of the method, the application of the aqueous solution is carried out using a printing or spraying technique.
Das Aufbringen der wässrigen Lösung mittels eines Druckverfahrens oder durch Aufsprühen in oder nach der Papiermaschine bietet die Möglichkeit, die Lösung mehr oberflächlich und nur auf einer Seite des Papiers aufzutragen. Dies kann von Vorteil sein, wenn die Lösung die optischen Eigenschaften des Papiers verändert. Dann wird vorzugsweise die Lösung auf die später dem Tabak zugewandte Seite des Papiers aufgetragen.The application of the aqueous solution by means of a printing process or by spraying in or after the paper machine offers the possibility of applying the solution more superficially and only on one side of the paper. This can be beneficial if the solution is the changed the optical properties of the paper. Then preferably the solution is applied to the later side of the tobacco facing the paper.
Andere Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer wässrigen Lösung auf Papier werden ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen. Wichtig ist jedoch, dass die Lösung zu einem Zeitpunkt während oder nach der Papierproduktion aufgebracht wird, zu dem das Zigarettenpapier bereits in der Lage ist, die Lösung aufzunehmen und das wasserlösliche Salz weitgehend in der Faserstruktur zu fixieren. Dies wird der Fall sein, wenn das Papier bzw. die die Papiermaschine durchlaufende Faser-Füllstoffsuspension einen Wassergehalt von weniger als 50%, bezogen auf die gesamte Papiermasse, vorzugsweise von weniger als 30%, bezogen auf die gesamte Papiermasse, aufweist, was in üblichen Papiermaschinen zumeist erreicht ist, wenn das Papier die Pressenpartie verlässt. Es ist beispielsweise nicht vorteilhaft, wasserlösliche Carbonate oder Hydrogencarbonate wie einen Füllstoff der Faser-Füllstoff-Suspension beizumischen, bevor diese Suspension auf die Papiermaschine gelangt, da die in Lösung befindlichen Carbonate oder Hydrogencarbonate im Entwässerungsprozess in der Siebpartie der Papiermaschine zum überwiegenden Großteil wieder verloren gehen.Other methods of applying an aqueous solution to paper are also contemplated. However, it is important that the solution is applied at a time during or after the paper production, to which the cigarette paper is already able to take up the solution and to fix the water-soluble salt largely in the fiber structure. This will be the case if the paper or the fiber-filler suspension passing through the paper machine has a water content of less than 50%, based on the total paper mass, preferably less than 30%, based on the entire paper pulp, which is conventional Paper machines is mostly reached when the paper leaves the press section. For example, it is not advantageous to mix water-soluble carbonates or bicarbonates, such as a filler of the fiber-filler suspension, before this suspension reaches the paper machine, since the carbonates or bicarbonates in solution in the dewatering process in the wire section of the paper machine are largely lost again in the dewatering process ,
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Teilbereiche von brandhemmenden Bereichen getrennt.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the subregions are separated from fire-retardant areas.
Die hier und den Patentansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in jeder beliebigen Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungen wesentlich sein.The features disclosed herein and the claims of the invention may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.
Die Erfindung beruht auf dem überraschenden Befund, dass sich ein Zigarettenpapier mit einer erhöhten Diffusionskapazität erzielen lässt, indem man das Papier mit bestimmten Salzen, hier gezeigt mit Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Kaliumhydrogencarbonat und Ammoniumcarbonat, imprägniert oder beschichtet, die bereits bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperaturen, also deutlich unter 450°C, zerfallen und damit die Porenstruktur des Zigarettenpapiers öffnen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Zunahme der Diffusionskapazität des Zigarettenpapiers während des thermischen Zerfalls teilweise um mehr als das Doppelte gesteigert werden kann. Eine solche Steigerung der Zunahme der Diffusionskapazität kann nennenswert zur Reduktion von schädlichem Kohlenmonoxid im Rauch der aus diesen Papieren gefertigten Zigaretten beitragen.The invention is based on the surprising finding that a cigarette paper with an increased diffusion capacity can be achieved by impregnating or coating the paper with certain salts, shown here with sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate, which are already at comparatively low temperatures, ie significantly lower 450 ° C, decay and thus open the pore structure of the cigarette paper. It has been shown that the increase in the diffusion capacity of the cigarette paper during the thermal decomposition can be partially increased by more than double. Such an increase in the increase in diffusion capacity can significantly contribute to the reduction of harmful carbon monoxide in the smoke of cigarettes made from these papers.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Beispiele und die beigefügte Abbildung genauer beschrieben.
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Abbildung 1 - zeigt den Massenverlust von wasserlöslichen Salzen beim Aufheizen in der thermogravimetrischen Analyse. Dargestellt ist der Verlust der Masse in % der Ausgangsmasse in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur. Das Aufheizen auf eine Temperatur von bis zu 600°C, wobei die Starttemperatur 30°C betrug, erfolgte mit 5°C/min unter Stickstoffstrom mit 25 ml/min. TKZ, Trikaliumzitrat; TNZ, Trinatriumzitrat.
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illustration 1 - shows the mass loss of water-soluble salts during heating in the thermogravimetric analysis. Shown is the loss of mass in% of the starting mass as a function of the temperature. The heating to a temperature of up to 600 ° C, wherein the starting temperature was 30 ° C, was carried out at 5 ° C / min under nitrogen flow at 25 ml / min. TKZ, tripotassium citrate; TNZ, trisodium citrate.
Ein Zigarettenpapier aus Holzzellstoff, wobei 32% der Papiermasse aus Kalk als Füllstoff bestehen, und mit einer Flächenmasse von 25 g/m2, einer Luftdurchlässigkeit von 30 CU und einer Diffusionskapazität von 1,75 cm/s wurde für die Experimente gewählt. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein übliches Zigarettenpapier, sodass vergleichbare Ergebnisse auch mit anderen Zigarettenpapieren erwartet werden können und grundsätzlich keine Einschränkungen bei der Auswahl des Zigarettenpapiers, beispielsweise hinsichtlich Luftdurchlässigkeit, Diffusionskapazität, Faser- und Füllstoffzusammensetzung oder Flächenmasse bestehen.A cigarette paper made of wood pulp, wherein 32% of the paper pulp consisted of lime as a filler, and with a basis weight of 25 g / m 2 , an air permeability of 30 CU and a diffusion capacity of 1.75 cm / s was chosen for the experiments. This is a common cigarette paper, so that comparable results can be expected with other cigarette papers and in principle there are no restrictions on the selection of the cigarette paper, for example in terms of air permeability, diffusion capacity, fiber and filler composition or basis weight.
Dieses Zigarettenpapier wurde mit wässrigen Lösungen aus Natriumhydrogencarbonat (NaHCO3), Kaliumhydrogencarbonat (KHCO3) oder Ammoniumcarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) in verschiedenen Konzentrationen in der Leimpresse imprägniert.This cigarette paper was impregnated with aqueous solutions of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO 3 ) or ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) in various concentrations in the size press.
Zum Vergleich diente dasselbe Zigarettenpapier, das mit einer wässrigen Lösung aus Trinatriumzitrat (TNZ) bzw. einem 50:50 Gemisch, bezogen auf die Masse, aus Trinatriumzitrat und Trikaliumzitrat (TNZ/TKZ), also herkömmlichen Brandsalzen, in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen ebenfalls in der Leimpresse imprägniert wurde.For comparison served the same cigarette paper, which with an aqueous solution of trisodium citrate (TNZ) or a 50:50 mixture, based on the mass of trisodium citrate and tripotassium citrate (TNZ / TKZ), ie conventional Brandsalzen, in different concentrations also in the size press was impregnated.
Die Diffusionskapazität der in Beispiel 1 hergestellten Zigarettenpapiere wurde mit einem CO2 Diffusivity Meter der Firma Sodim bestimmt.The diffusion capacity of the cigarette papers produced in Example 1 was determined using a CO 2 Diffusivity Meter from Sodim.
Die Diffusionskapazität der Papiere bei 23°C und 50% Luftfeuchtigkeit war einheitlich etwa 1,75 cm/s. Nachdem die Papiere 30 Minuten lang einer Temperatur von 230°C ausgesetzt waren, wurden sie auf 23°C und 50% Luftfeuchtigkeit konditioniert, und es wurde die Diffusionskapazität gemessen. Die absoluten Messwerte sind in Tabelle 1 angeführt.
Tabelle 1 zeigt, dass die Diffusionskapazität von Papieren mit Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Kaliumhydrogencarbonat oder Ammoniumcarbonat bei jedem vorgegebenen Gehalt in der Papiermasse höher ist als diejenige von Papieren mit Trinatriumzitrat oder Trinatrium-/Trikaliumzitrat. Die höchste mit Zitrat gemessene Diffusionskapazität beträgt 2,616 cm/s bei 7 % Trinatrium-/Trikaliumzitrat. Höhere Werte als 2,616 cm/s werden mit Natriumhydrogencarbonat und Ammoniumcarbonat ab einem Gehalt von 4% und mit Kaliumhydrogencarbonat sogar bereits ab einem Gehalt von 3% erreicht. Eine Diffusionskapazität von 2,7 cm/s und mehr wird nur mit Natriumhydrogencarbonat (≥ 6%), Kaliumhydrogencarbonat (≥ 4%) oder Ammoniumcarbonat (≥ 5%) erzielt, nicht aber mit den Zitraten.Table 1 shows that the diffusion capacity of papers with sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate at any given content in the pulp is higher than that of papers with trisodium citrate or trisodium / tripotassium citrate. The highest diffusion capacity measured with citrate is 2.616 cm / s at 7% trisodium / tripotassium citrate. Higher values than 2.616 cm / s are achieved with sodium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate from a content of 4% and with potassium bicarbonate even from a content of 3%. A diffusion capacity of 2.7 cm / s and more is achieved only with sodium bicarbonate (≥ 6%), potassium bicarbonate (≥ 4%) or ammonium carbonate (≥ 5%), but not with the citrates.
Die Zunahme der Diffusionskapazität in cm/s gegenüber dem Ausgangswert bei Raumtemperatur von 1,75 cm/s und die relative Zunahme in Prozent bezogen auf diesen Ausgangswert sind in Tabelle 2 angeführt.
Man erkennt in Tabelle 2 deutlich, dass durch den Einsatz von Natrium- oder Kaliumhydrogencarbonat oder durch Ammoniumcarbonat die Zunahme der Diffusionskapazität des Zigarettenpapiers während des thermischen Zerfalls teilweise um mehr als das Doppelte gegenüber Zitraten als herkömmlichen Brandsalzen gesteigert werden kann.It can be clearly seen in Table 2 that by using sodium or potassium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, the increase in the diffusion capacity of the cigarette paper during thermal decomposition can be increased, in part, by more than double that of conventional brominated salts.
Die Beispiele zeigen des Weiteren, dass sich eine Erhöhung der Diffusionskapazität um mehr als 0,9 cm/s, ausgehend vom Ausgangswert bei 23°C, in diesem Fall von 1,75 cm/s, oder eine prozentuale Steigerung der Diffusionskapazität um mehr als 50%, ebenfalls bezogen auf den Ausgangswert bei 23°C, nicht mit Zitraten als herkömmlichen Brandsalzen, wohl aber mit den verwendeten anorganischen Salzen erzielen lässt. Dafür müssen zumindest 4% Natriumhydrogencarbonat oder zumindest 3% Kaliumhydrogencarbonat oder zumindest 4% Ammoniumcarbonat eingesetzt werden.The examples further show that an increase in the diffusion capacity of more than 0.9 cm / s, starting from the initial value at 23 ° C, in this case of 1.75 cm / s, or a percentage increase in the diffusion capacity by more than 50%, also based on the initial value at 23 ° C, can not be achieved with citrates as conventional Brandsalzen, but with the inorganic salts used. For this purpose, at least 4% sodium bicarbonate or at least 3% potassium hydrogen carbonate or at least 4% ammonium carbonate must be used.
Man sieht an den Beispielen auch, dass eine Erhöhung des Gehalts an Natriumhydrogencarbonat über 6% hinaus keine weitere wesentliche Verbesserung erzielt, sodass ein Gehalt von höchstens 6% bezogen auf die Papiermasse zu bevorzugen ist. Bei Kaliumhydrogencarbonat hingegen kommt es auch bei einer weiteren Erhöhung des Gehalts über 6% hinaus noch zu einer spürbaren Verbesserung, sodass eine Obergrenze für den sinnvollen Einsatz von Kaliumhydrogencarbonat aufgrund der Experimente nicht festgelegt werden kann, sondern der Gehalt eher aus Gründen des Geschmackseindrucks einer aus einem solchen Papier gefertigten Zigarette mit etwa 10% zu begrenzen ist. Bei Ammoniumcarbonat scheint die erzielbare Verbesserung bei einem über 6% hinausgehenden Gehalt immer geringer zu werden, doch kommt sie bis zu einem Gehalt von 8% nicht zum Stillstand, sodass auch hier eine sinnvolle Obergrenze bei etwa 10% gezogen werden kann. Insgesamt erweist sich das Kaliumhydrogencarbonat dem Natriumhydrogencarbonat oder dem Ammoniumcarbonat für den beabsichtigten Effekt als überlegen, sodass es besonders bevorzugt eingesetzt werden kann.It can also be seen from the examples that an increase in the content of sodium bicarbonate beyond 6% achieves no further significant improvement, so that a content of at most 6% based on the paper pulp is to be preferred. In the case of potassium bicarbonate, on the other hand, a further increase in the content beyond 6% still results in a noticeable improvement, so that an upper limit for the sensible use of potassium bicarbonate can not be determined on the basis of the experiments, but the content is rather due to the taste impression of a To limit such cigarette made paper with about 10%. In the case of ammonium carbonate, the improvement that can be achieved seems to be getting smaller and smaller with a content exceeding 6%, but it does not come to a standstill up to a content of 8%, so that even here a reasonable upper limit of about 10% can be drawn. On the whole, the potassium hydrogencarbonate proves to be superior to the sodium hydrogencarbonate or the ammonium carbonate for the intended effect, so that it can be used with particular preference.
Die Ursache für den beobachteten Effekt liegt vermutlich darin, dass Natrium- und Kaliumhydrogencarbonat bereits bei niedrigeren Temperaturen zerfallen als herkömmliche Brandsalze, nämlich ab etwa 50°C. Auch Ammoniumhydrogencarbonat und Ammoniumcarbonate zerfallen bereits ab einer Temperatur von 60°C und damit bei wesentlich niedrigeren Temperaturen als Trinatrium- oder Trikaliumzitrat, die beide erst ab 150°C zerfallen. Eine Analyse mittels Thermogravimetrie des in Tabelle 1 für den Auftrag auf das Papier verwendeten Natrium- und Kaliumhydrogencarbonats, wobei diese Substanzen unter einem Stickstoffstrom von 25 ml/min mit einer Rate von 5°C/min von 30°C auf 600°C aufgeheizt wurden, weist darauf hin, dass der rasche Massenverlust bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperaturen für die Steigerung der Diffusionskapazität verantwortlich ist. Die Ergebnisse sind in
Man kann also davon ausgehen, dass der beobachtete Effekt erwartet werden darf, wenn unter den Bedingungen dieses Analyseverfahrens das gewählte anorganische Salz bei 230°C mindestens etwa 30% bis 35%, vermutlich bereits bei geringeren Anteilen, z.B. ab 15% oder 25%, seiner Ausgangsmasse verloren hat.It can therefore be assumed that the observed effect may be expected if, under the conditions of this analysis method, the selected inorganic salt at 230 ° C is at least about 30% to 35%, presumably already at lower levels, e.g. from 15% or 25%, of its initial mass.
Claims (11)
- A cigarette paper which comprises at least one water-soluble salt, characterized in that the water-soluble salt is a salt which after heating to 230°C has lost more than 15%, preferably more than 25% of its initial mass when the heating, starting at a temperature of 30°C, is carried out at a heating rate of 5°C /min under a nitrogen flow of 25 ml/min, wherein the diffusion capacity of a cigarette paper, or of areas of a cigarette paper is increased, during thermal decomposition by more than 0.9 cm/s and/or by more than 50% based on the initial value of the diffusion capacity at 23°C before the thermal degradation.
- The cigarette paper according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble salt is a bicarbonate, preferably an alkali metal bicarbonate or an ammonium bicarbonate or an ammonium carbonate.
- The cigarette paper according to claim 2, wherein the alkali metal bicarbonate is a sodium or potassium bicarbonate.
- The cigarette paper according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the quantity of the water-soluble salt is 3% to 6% of the paper mass.
- The cigarette paper according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the water-soluble salt is present in discrete areas, preferably in stripe-shaped areas,
wherein the areas are preferably designed such that they form one or more bands in the circumferential direction of a tobacco rod of a cigarette manufactured from the cigarette paper. - The cigarette paper according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cigarette paper is impregnated with the at least one water-soluble salt, or
wherein the cigarette paper is coated on one or both sides with the at least one water-soluble salt. - A cigarette comprising the cigarette paper according to one of claims 1 to 6.
- A process for manufacturing a cigarette paper according to one of claims 1 to 6, or for manufacturing of a cigarette according to claim 7, which comprises the following steps:(1) providing a cigarette paper or a fibre- filler suspension with less than 50%, preferably less than 30% water content with respect to the total paper mass or the total mass of the fibre-filler suspension respectively.(2) applying an aqueous solution with at least one water-soluble salt to the cigarette paper or the fibre-filler suspension passing through the paper machine respectively, whereby the quantity of water-soluble salt in the solution is 0.2% to 20%, preferably 2% to 15%, with respect to the mass of the solution.
- The process according to claim 8, wherein the water-soluble salt is a bicarbonate, preferably an alkali metal bicarbonate or an ammonium bicarbonate or a carbonate, preferably an ammonium carbonate.
- The process according to claim 9, wherein the alkali metal bicarbonate is a sodium- or potassium bicarbonate.
- The process according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the aqueous solution is applied using a size press or a film press, or
wherein the aqueous solution is applied using a printing or spraying technique.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL11743776T PL2597975T3 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2011-07-26 | Cigarette paper having a high diffusion capacity during thermal decomposition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010032814 DE102010032814B4 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2010-07-30 | Cigarette paper with high diffusion capacity during thermal decomposition, cigarette, process for producing a cigarette paper and use of a water-soluble salt |
PCT/EP2011/003743 WO2012013334A1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2011-07-26 | Cigarette paper having a high diffusion capacity during thermal decomposition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2597975A1 EP2597975A1 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
EP2597975B1 true EP2597975B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
Family
ID=44532731
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11743776.4A Active EP2597975B1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2011-07-26 | Cigarette paper having a high diffusion capacity during thermal decomposition |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130139838A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2597975B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5897567B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101840071B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103002758A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012033375B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010032814B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2663333T3 (en) |
MY (1) | MY161365A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2597975T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012013334A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012104773A1 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Delfortgroup Ag | Cigarette paper with platelet-shaped filler |
CN102864680B (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-06-24 | 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 | Functional cigarette paper combustion regulator and application thereof |
DE102012109642B8 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2014-06-26 | Delfortgroup Ag | Cigarette paper with filler with special particle size distribution and cigarette |
KR102173454B1 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2020-11-04 | 슈바이쳐-모뒤 인터내셔널, 인크. | Wrapper having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics |
DE102013106516B3 (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2014-10-09 | Delfortgroup Ag | CIGARETTE PAPER GIVING A CIGARETTE AN EQUAL TRAIN PROFILE |
DE102013114012B3 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-12-11 | Delfortgroup Ag | Wrapping material for smoking articles with directional diffusion capacity |
DE102015105882B4 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2017-06-08 | Delfortgroup Ag | Wrapping paper with high short fiber content and smoking article |
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US3638660A (en) * | 1968-09-10 | 1972-02-01 | Howard J Davis | Method for making a tobacco substitute composition |
BE791758A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1973-05-22 | Olin Corp | CARBON-CHARGED ENVELOPE FOR SMOKING ARTICLE AND SMOKING ARTICLE WITH SUCH A ENVELOPE |
US3902504A (en) * | 1973-09-26 | 1975-09-02 | Olin Corp | Engineered cigarette |
US4108151A (en) * | 1975-12-10 | 1978-08-22 | Olin Corporation | Gamma alumina filled paper wrapper for smoking articles |
DE3240253C2 (en) * | 1982-10-30 | 1987-01-08 | B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Cigarette papers |
US4615345A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1986-10-07 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Wrapper constructions for self-extinguishing smoking articles |
US5259404A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1993-11-09 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Smoking articles |
US4941485A (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1990-07-17 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette |
US5261425A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1993-11-16 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette |
US5109876A (en) * | 1990-04-19 | 1992-05-05 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette paper and cigarette incorporating same |
US5168884A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-12-08 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Smoking articles using novel paper wrapper |
US5820998A (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1998-10-13 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Coated paper and process for making the same |
JP2883298B2 (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 1999-04-19 | 三島製紙株式会社 | Water dispersible sheet for tobacco and tobacco using the same |
JP2947735B2 (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 1999-09-13 | 三島製紙株式会社 | Water dispersible sheet and tobacco using the same |
EP1392135A1 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2004-03-03 | Philip Morris Products Inc. | Cigarette paper with selected attenuator bands |
US6779530B2 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2004-08-24 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics |
JP2004137613A (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2004-05-13 | Japan Tobacco Inc | Cigarette paper and method for producing the same |
US20080115794A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-22 | Robert Leslie Oglesby | Smoking articles and wrapping materials therefor |
MX2009013191A (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2010-01-25 | Schweitzer Mauduit Int Inc | Smoking articles having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics. |
RU2503383C2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2014-01-10 | Швайцер-Маудит Интернешнл, Инк. | Treated wrapping sections to reduce smoking products ignition capacity characteristics |
EP2278069B8 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2016-07-13 | Japan Tobacco, Inc. | Process for producing cigarette paper having low ignition propensity |
-
2010
- 2010-07-30 DE DE201010032814 patent/DE102010032814B4/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-07-26 KR KR1020137005039A patent/KR101840071B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-07-26 PL PL11743776T patent/PL2597975T3/en unknown
- 2011-07-26 JP JP2013521012A patent/JP5897567B2/en active Active
- 2011-07-26 BR BR112012033375-5A patent/BR112012033375B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-07-26 CN CN2011800342037A patent/CN103002758A/en active Pending
- 2011-07-26 WO PCT/EP2011/003743 patent/WO2012013334A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-26 MY MYPI2012005663A patent/MY161365A/en unknown
- 2011-07-26 ES ES11743776.4T patent/ES2663333T3/en active Active
- 2011-07-26 EP EP11743776.4A patent/EP2597975B1/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-01-28 US US13/751,288 patent/US20130139838A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2597975A1 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
JP5897567B2 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
BR112012033375B1 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
US20130139838A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
WO2012013334A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
KR20130135835A (en) | 2013-12-11 |
CN103002758A (en) | 2013-03-27 |
BR112012033375A2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
PL2597975T3 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
ES2663333T3 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
DE102010032814A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
JP2013536326A (en) | 2013-09-19 |
MY161365A (en) | 2017-04-14 |
DE102010032814B4 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
KR101840071B1 (en) | 2018-03-19 |
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