EP2593233B1 - Blade carrier for comminution devices - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a knife body for comminution devices according to the preamble of claim 1.

The knife body consists of a toothed body which can be fastened to a comminution roller or the like and at least one knife, the knife being able to be arranged on the toothed body with a first positive connection, wherein a knife receptacle designed as a recess is provided in the toothed body as the first positive connection, into which the Knife, can be used at least partially and wherein the tooth body and the knife have a mutually corresponding shape at least on the connection side or sides.

Knife bodies of this type are known. They are used in shredding devices, in particular in waste shredding devices for waste treatment or the like. It is necessary to have different knives available for a wide variety of shredding tasks. The knives differ in their shape or in their cutting elements, depending on which material has to be shredded.

The wear on the knives themselves is very high due to the material to be shredded, which is why a frequent knife change is necessary. As a result, the costs for operating a corresponding comminution device are also influenced in particular by the tool costs for the knives. It turned out that the material used for the knives is too high overall. This means that the ratio of the material used or the material weight of the tooth body and the knife with respect to the knife must be made more favorable.

The scope of work for a knife change is still relatively high, which is why it also appears necessary to offer cheaper solutions based on the solutions known from the prior art. The effort for each changeover either in the form of new knives for the same shredding tasks or in the form of differently designed knives for others Shredding tasks are high, which is why it is also necessary to come up with cheaper solutions.

From the publication EP 05784053 A solution is known which is to be characterized in that a knife receptacle is provided for receiving the knife on the tooth body, which is designed as a recess and the recess has the first form fit, which is characterized by the form of the form fit itself and which continues characterized by appropriately designed recess areas.

It is also known from the prior art to provide rolls for the use with different knives with respective knife bodies and to change the rolls for changed shredding tasks. This variant is extremely complex.

It is also known to provide roller segments on roller base bodies and to equip them with the knife bodies. The respective roller segments have to be changed to change the shredding task. Here, too, there are quite high expenses for this change.

Furthermore, from the publication DE 200 21216 U1 a milling tooth for a shredding machine is known, which can be at least partially positively attached to a milling tooth holder of a shredding machine.

From document G 94 02 062.0 a multi-part shredding flail for organic waste materials is known, in which the cutting part is positively and non-positively connected to a holder via a screw or clamp connection.

From the publication EP 1304169 A2 A shredding device for commercial waste is known, in which shredding tools are provided on a shredding roller. Here, too, the knives are positively and non-positively attached to a knife body.

From the publication DE 20 2005 009 859 U1 , a previous application by the applicant a solution is known in which the knife is positively on the tooth body is attachable. The disadvantages of the prior art described above also occur here at least in part.

The DE 299 06 398 U1 describes a milling tool in which a holder carries a tool, wherein the tool can be inserted into a receptacle of the holder, a form-locking device being provided between the receptacle and the tool. This solution is structurally complex and complicated. The disadvantages as described above also occur here.

Furthermore, from the publication WO 94/14540 an exchangeable cutting insert of a shredding disk is known as a further solution of the prior art, which can be classified into the categories described above with the disadvantages described.

None of the described solutions of the prior art offers a variant in which the ratio of tooth to tooth body in favor of the tooth or the knife is designed to be favorable. Furthermore, the wear on the known positive connections is relatively high and the production of the positive connection itself, either on the knives or on the tooth holders, is relatively expensive.

The DE 20 2005 009 859 U1 relates to a knife carrier for shredding devices. The knife carrier consists of a toothed body which can be fastened to a comminution roller and at least one knife, the knife being able to be arranged in a form-fitting manner on the toothed body.

On the basis of this prior art, it is therefore the task of proposing a knife body which makes the ratio of tooth body to knife more favorable in favor of the knife, so that the expenditure can be reduced. The object of the invention is further to further improve the manufacturing outlay of a knife body when realizing a positive fit and the positive fit itself.

The object of the invention is achieved by a knife body for comminution devices with the features of claim 1.

The knife body consists of a toothed body which can be fastened on a comminution roller or the like and at least one knife, the knife being able to be arranged on the toothed body with a first positive connection, wherein a knife receptacle designed as a recess is provided on the toothed body as the first positive connection, into which the Knife is at least partially insertable and the tooth body and the knife have a mutually corresponding shape at least on the connection side or connections, at least one further form-fitting connection being provided in the recess or in the knife receptacle and on the knife and the knife body being characterized in that a part of the tooth body is designed as a support body, at least a part of the further positive connection is also provided on the support body and a part of the further positive connection on the support body is additionally formed there angled contact surfaces extends. The support body takes on the task of supporting the knife during intended use and keeping wear to a minimum. According to the invention, it is now the case that the support body is guided significantly higher to a cutting line defined by the cutting edge of the knife, in such a way that it is only a few millimeters away from this cutting line. This also ensures that, firstly, the knife is supported significantly better when used as intended, and secondly, of course, that the material used for the knife itself continues to decrease. It is further advantageous if a further part of the positive connection on the support body extends over additionally formed, angled contact surfaces. Here, too, this configuration serves to implement two tasks, namely firstly to further gain material in favor of the knife and secondly to improve the self-centering and support of the knife on the tooth body.

The configuration according to the invention accordingly, on the one hand, succeeds in reducing the use of material for the knife, since the overall proportion of the knife for the knife body can be kept lower overall than in the prior art, for example. It is also achieved that the self-centering when inserting the knives into the tooth body is significantly simplified by optimizing the self-centering through the further positive connection. The attachment of the knife to the tooth body by means of conventional fastening means is irrelevant here because, theoretically, the knife would not necessarily have to be attached by self-centering. When used as intended, this is also affected by the manner in which the knife holder is designed achieved the at least two form-locking, self-centering and fixing or clamping. It is advantageous here that at least part of the further positive connection is provided on the support body. This further reduces the use of material for the knife and also improves the centering, and in particular a corresponding change after wear of the knife or when the intended use of the comminution device is changed is significantly facilitated.

According to the invention, it is provided that the further positive connection is formed in the recess on the tooth body by a spring and on the knife by a corresponding groove provided. There are two advantages with this configuration. First of all, the fact that the self-centering or centering of the knife on the tooth body is significantly simplified and improved. Furthermore, it is also achieved that the material proportion of the knife with respect to the entire knife body is significantly reduced, since in the preferred variant the groove extends in the knife and the tongue in the recess of the tooth body.

As already mentioned, the self-centering is significantly improved by the further positive connection. The further positive connection, for example in the form of the tongue and groove configuration, extends over the entire knife holder, which is why self-centering can be carried out in a simple manner or sets itself.

Accordingly, an advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that the support body extends close to a cutting line defined by a cutting edge of the knife, in such a way that it is only a few millimeters away from this cutting line.

According to a development of the invention, the support body is provided such that it initially extends almost vertically in the recess, as already mentioned, up to relatively close to the cutting line of the knife defined by the cutting edge. There is a bend in an almost horizontal extension or almost at right angles.

A further aspect of the invention is specified in that the groove and the tongue extend at least over the side of the support body pointing in the cutting direction and extend over the corresponding sides or surfaces of the knife associated with the installed state. This has a positive influence on a favorable design of the two components according to the invention, namely reducing the proportion of material in relation to the total weight of the knife body and, secondly, also improving the centering and the associated more favorable change or simple change of the knives after wear or in the event of a necessary knife change .

The knives are therefore detachably fixed to the tooth body according to the invention. The releasably fixed connection between the knife and tooth body is realized, for example, by a screw connection to be described later.

The invention is also characterized in that the knife holder is arranged on the front end of the tooth body in the cutting direction. This is an advantage because it has several beneficial effects. It is thus possible to achieve a corresponding free cut, which can be done, for example, by the way the knife is designed. Furthermore, the arrangement of the knife in the circulation or in the cutting direction is of course always advantageous. There you can then design the type of knife yourself in a special way. You can design the cutting edge with different angles or make corresponding concave or convex configurations of the knives in the cutting direction itself. Here, the invention is not restricted to a special embodiment and is relatively universal.

The invention is also characterized in that the recess has a nose at the front end as seen in the cutting direction, this nose preferably being configured in the form of a roller in the recess. As a result, the recess is, of course, designed accordingly as the first form fit, in such a way that the knife centers and attaches itself even more effectively.

This configuration makes it possible for the knife to be supported on the nose and for the cutting process to be appropriately centered and supported not only on the support body but also on the nose. This reduces the amount of wasted material and, in particular, the use of materials mentioned several times in favor of the knife.

Seen from the side, the recess is designed in the form of a J. As already mentioned, this forms the first form fit.

It is also advantageous if the recesses are preferably provided with outwardly falling or wedge-shaped or conically outwardly extending recesses. These bring about a further improvement in the centering and the holding of the knives in the recess. Corresponding corresponding surfaces must of course also be provided on the knife.

It has also been found according to the invention that it is advantageous if support surfaces which fall outwards or are wedge-shaped or conical outwards are provided on the side of the support body facing the knife. Corresponding support surfaces are thus provided on the support body not only in the recess or in the lower part of the recess, which bring the analog advantages, as already described.

Due to foreign bodies in the material to be shredded, it can also happen that not only the knives but also the tooth body (s) are (are) damaged. Accordingly, it is advantageous if the tooth body is also fastened to the comminution roller in such a way that it can also be easily replaced. It has proven to be advantageous here that the tooth body can be attached to the comminution roller by welding. For example, weld seams are drawn on the sides of the side of the tooth body facing the roller, which weld seams can then be easily removed by changing them.

In order to also improve the overall change of the tooth bodies, it is favorable if a centering device for centering on the roller has on the underside or on the side facing the comminution roller. This means that when changing the tooth body, it is only necessary to align it with the centering device on the roller, which can be done relatively simply by plugging on and then the attachment can be carried out, for example by pulling the weld seams already described.

According to the invention, it is provided that the centering device of the toothed body is designed as a centering shoulder, which with a on the comminution roller provided centering hole or a corresponding centering groove cooperates correspondingly and positively. The advantage of such a configuration is that this variant of the invention now means that the tooth bodies according to the invention can also be used on older size reduction devices in which it was customary to provide the tooth bodies with a spring in order to attach them to the tooth Center roller. Such rollers can now also be provided with tooth bodies according to the invention. For this purpose, the centering lugs are inserted into the spring, they only have to be aligned on the roller in the direction of rotation according to the desired position.

As already mentioned, the knives are attached to the tooth body. For this purpose, fastening means are provided, by means of which they can be releasably connected to one another. Here, for example, the fastening means is indicated by at least one screw connection which is guided through bores in the tooth body and in the knife. The bores, as can be seen from the drawings, are of course provided in correspondence with one another, so that the screw sits, for example, with its screw head in the knife and is screwed on the back with respect to the cutting direction of the tooth body, for example on the support body by means of a nut.

It is also advantageous according to the invention if the tooth body and or the knife are made of metal, preferably as cast elements. This is a relatively inexpensive method of manufacturing the elements of the knife body that allow for inexpensive manufacture.

The knife body according to the invention is further characterized in that the side surfaces of the tooth body taper obliquely upwards, taper or taper towards the outer radius.

It is also advantageous if the outer radius of the tooth body on its side facing away from the knife holder intersects with the outer radius of the comminution roller. This ensures that the tooth body can be made slimmer overall. It tapers against the cutting direction accordingly. The support for the knife as a whole is not affected.

As already mentioned further above, according to the invention it is also possible to design the knife holder in such a way that the knife can have different knife shapes. For example, according to the invention it is possible to use triangular, rectangular, semicircular or polygonal knives and to fix them in the knife holder. The knives on the side facing the knife holder are each designed according to the shape of the knife holder, as already described, and have different configurations only on their cutting elements or edges.

Accordingly, the knife has at least one cutting edge, which is preferably concave on the side pointing in the cutting direction. This of course increases the cutting effect. However, it is also possible to provide knives with a configuration in which the knife is made wider than the tooth body in such a way that a free cut is produced.

The knife is, of course, designed on the sides facing the tooth body corresponding to the recess surfaces or support surfaces of the tooth body and, accordingly, also has corresponding surfaces falling outward or angled. These surfaces are provided in addition to the tongue and groove design and serve to provide favorable support and in particular to improve self-centering.

In this case, sides of the knife pointing in the direction of the tooth body and oriented downward toward the recess are designed as recess surfaces, the inclination of these surfaces corresponding to that of the recess surfaces. Furthermore, two sides of the knife facing the tooth body are designed as support counter-surfaces and correspond to the support surfaces of the support body.

Furthermore, it is provided that at least two of the side of the support body facing the support surfaces are designed as counter top surfaces and likewise have the corresponding inclination already mentioned. Now, several components according to the invention are decisive for the fact that, firstly, the centering or self-centering of the knife in the tooth body is designed to be significantly cheaper overall than in the solutions of the prior art. Secondly, this configuration ensures that the combination of all of the described features means that the material portion of the knife and the material portion of the tooth body can be designed significantly cheaper than in solutions of the prior art.

According to a further embodiment, the knife body according to the invention is characterized in that the knife has an attached cutting edge, which is preferably formed from hard metal. It is also advantageous if the size of the knife can be adjusted due to different shredding tasks. In the simplest embodiment, this is of course done by changing the knife, in which, for example, the size of the knife is then adapted to the particular comminution task. Because of the solution according to the invention, this knife change can be carried out significantly faster than with the known solutions of the prior art. Accordingly, the invention also has significant advantages in this direction compared to the previously known solutions.

According to the invention, it is also provided that the knife has at least one hardened area on the edges pointing in the cutting direction, preferably a hardened area on both side edges. It is advantageous if the hardened area or areas were obtained by armoring or welding.

The invention naturally also relates to a comminution device with at least one knife body as previously described.

It is advantageous if a large number of knife bodies are arranged on a comminution roller, in particular offset from one another. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if, viewed from the side, the knife bodies extend approximately spirally over the comminution roller.

Fig. 1 a bis 1 d

verschiedene Ansichten des Zahnkörpers für den Messerkörper nach der Erfindung und

Fig. 2 a bis 2 e

verschiedene Ansichten der Ausgestaltung eines Messers einer ersten Ausführungsform nach der Erfindung.

The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments:
Show it:

Fig. 1 a to 1 d

different views of the tooth body for the knife body according to the invention and

2 a to 2 e

different views of the configuration of a knife of a first embodiment according to the invention.

The Fig. 1 a to 1 d show different views of the tooth body 1 according to the invention. Here is in Figure 1 a a three-dimensional representation shown in Figure 1b a side view, in Figure 1c a view from behind and in Figure 1d a top view. In all figures, the same features are denoted by the same reference symbols, so that the reference symbols are not presented multiple times. The description of the embodiment of the embodiment of the tooth body 1 for the knife bodies according to the invention is essentially based on the Figures 1 a and 1 b As from the Figure 1 a can be seen, a knife holder 3 is schematically marked with an arrow on the tooth body 1. The knife receptacle is also schematically identified by reference number 4. This is in Figure 1b more visible. It is shown there that the knife receptacle 4 forms the shape of a J when viewed from the side.

The knife receptacle 4 is delimited by a nose 7 located at the front end or in the direction of the cutting direction. This nose 7 is preferably configured as a roller. A further positive connection is defined in the recess 3 or in the knife holder 4, namely according to the invention by a spring 100. This spring 100 extends the recess 3 or in the knife holder 4 from the nose 7 over the lower part of the recess 3 and continues to extend to a support body 5. In particular, from the Figure 1 a can be seen that the spring 100 also extends over angled support surfaces 5/3, 5/4. This spring is used in cooperation with one on the knife 2 (see Figure 2 ) existing groove 200 causes the further positive locking, which provides excellent self-centering and in particular also ensures that the material used on the knife can be reduced.

Recessing surfaces 4/1, 4/2 are also provided in the knife receptacle 3 and extend approximately to the end of the radius of the recess 3. These recess surfaces 4/1, 4/2 are designed to run outwards or to be wedge-shaped or conical. The angle of these surfaces has been changed compared to the previous state-of-the-art solutions and has been enlarged to approximately 25 degrees. Firstly, this improves the durability, secondly, the positive fit is improved, and thirdly, the self-centering is made more economical, and fourthly achieved a favorable attachment to the tooth body 1 for the knife 2. The support body 5 is drawn significantly higher than the solutions known in the prior art, that is, it sits closer to the flight circle, which is through the knife tip or upper cutting edge of the knife 2 (see Figure 2 ) is defined. The distance from this flight circle or from the cutting line differs depending on the design of the knives 2. It can therefore be between 20 and 50 millimeters, in some versions up to 80 millimeters.

With the design or guidance of the spring 100 via the support body 5 or its support surfaces 5/3, 5/4, a further positive connection is also provided, which likewise leads to an improvement in the centering effect as a whole.

It is of course also provided that these contact surfaces are also provided so that they run outwards and fall. For fastening or securing the in the Figures 1 a to 1 d Knife 2, not shown, is provided with a bore 8 through which a screw, also not shown, is then guided in the final state, that is to say when the knife 2 is inserted. This is routed in such a way that it is arranged in the knife 2 with its head covered and is clamped on the side opposite the cutting direction with a nut, preferably by means of locking rings or the like.

Centering lugs or centering knobs 12 are also formed on the side of the tooth body 1 facing the roller in the installed position, which interact with and / or form-fit together with a centering hole or centering groove (not shown) on the roller. This serves to simply and securely position the tooth body 1 at the desired position on the roller, in order then to fasten the tooth body, as usual. This can be done, for example, by welding the tooth body 1 to the comminution roller.

The Figures 2a to 2e show different views of an embodiment of a knife 2 according to the invention. The knife 2 has a cutting edge 10 on the side pointing in the cutting direction. It is also clearly visible that the sides and edges of the knife have a hardened area 11 in the cutting direction. This is preferably provided on both sides in the cutting direction of the knife 2. These hardened areas 11 can be produced, for example, by armor plating or by welding. The cutting edge 10 can, according to the invention, both be molded onto the knife 2. However, it can also be an attached cutting edge 10. Such a cutting edge 10 is then preferably made of hard metal.

In the Figure 2b a rear view is shown. The support counter surfaces 15/1 and 15/2 are shown. Furthermore, the recess surfaces 16/1 and 16/2 are designated, which are provided facing downward in the installed position towards the tooth body 1. These correspond, for example, to the recess surfaces 4/1 and 4/2 of the tooth body 1. Furthermore, a bore 8 is also provided in the knife 2. The mode of action has already been described above. Of course, a groove 200 is formed in the tooth body 1 in the knife as a corresponding counterpart to the tongue. This extends, as in particular in Figure 2e can be seen on the opposite side of the cutting direction over the entire knife body of the knife 2. In Figure 2e are also visible the counter top surfaces 17/1 and 17/2 which interact with the contact surfaces 5/3 and 5/4 of the tooth body 1. Only a single embodiment of a knife 2 is shown in the drawings. The sides facing the tooth body 1 are analogous to those in FIGS Figures 2a to 2e to provide the configuration shown. Of course, different knife body shapes can be provided on the front side or upwards, depending on the respective different comminution tasks.

It should not go unmentioned that the design according to that in the Figures 2 In the embodiment shown, it is provided that the side pointing in the cutting direction is provided with the cutting edge 10 of the knife 2 in a concave manner with respect to the cutting edge 10.

The invention was previously described using exemplary embodiments. The claims filed now and with the application later are attempts to formulate without prejudice to achieve further protection.

The back-references given in the dependent claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the main claim through the features of the respective sub-claim. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of the achievement of an independent, objective protection for the features of the related subclaims.

Claims (15)

1. Blade carrier for comminuting devices, consisting of a tooth element (1) which can be fastened on a comminuting roller or similar and at least one blade (2), wherein the blade (2) can be arranged on the tooth element (1) with a first form-fitting connection, in the tooth element (1) a blade holder (3) in the form of a recess (4) is provided as a first form-fitting connection, in which the blade (2) can be at least partially inserted and the tooth element (1) and the blade (2) have a shape corresponding to one another at least on the connecting side(s), wherein at least one further form-fitting connection is provided in the recess (3) and/or in the blade holder (4) and on the blade (2), wherein a part of the tooth element (1) is in the form of a supporting element (5), at least a part of the further form-fitting connection is provided on the supporting element (5) and a part of the further form-fitting connection on the support element (5) additionally extends over support surfaces (5/3, 5/4) formed there and extending at an angle,
   characterized in that the further form-fitting connection in the recess (4) on the tooth element (1) is formed by a spring (100) and on the blade (2) by a groove (200) provided corresponding thereto.
2. Blade carrier according to claim 1, characterised in that a self-centering is provided by the further form-fitting connection.
3. Blade carrier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the groove (200) and the spring (100) extend at least over the side of the supporting element (5) pointing in the cutting direction and over the corresponding sides and/or faces of the blade (2) which belong in the installed state.
4. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the blade (2) can be detachably and fixedly arranged on the tooth element (1).
5. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade holder (3) is arranged at the front end of the tooth element (1) in cutting direction.
6. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the recess (4) has a nose (7) at the front end seen in the cutting direction and/or the nose (7) of the recess (4) is cylindrically formed.
7. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (4), seen laterally, has the shape of a J, which forms the first form-fit.
8. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that recess surfaces (4/1, 4/2) are provided in the recess (4) which preferably fall outwards and/or extend wedge-shaped or conically outwards.
9. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that supporting surfaces (5/1, 5/2) are provided on the side of the supporting carrier (5) facing the blade (2), which supporting surfaces (5/1, 5/2) fall outwards and/or extend wedge-shaped or conically outwards.
10. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tooth element (1) has on the bottom side and/or on the side facing the comminution roller a centering device for centring on the roller.
11. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the centering device of the tooth element (1) is in the form of a centering attachment or centering knob (12) which interacts with a centering bore or centering groove provided on the comminuting roller in a corresponding and positive-locking manner.
12. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that tooth element (1) and the blade (2) have fastening means by means of which they can be fixedly and detachably connected to one another and/or the fastening means is indicated by at least one screw connection which is guided through bores (8) in the tooth element (1) and in the blade (2).
13. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the blade (2) is designed on the sides facing the tooth element corresponding to the recess surfaces (4/1, 4/2) and the supporting surfaces (5/1, 5/2) falling outwards and/or angled.
14. Blade carrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two sides of the blade facing the tooth element (1) and oriented downwards towards the recess (4) are formed as recess counter surfaces (16/1, 16/2) and the inclination of these surfaces corresponds with those of the recess surfaces (4/1, 4/2).
15. Comminuting device with at least one blade carrier according to one or more of the preceding claims.

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