EP2590772B1 - Mig/mag welding with rotative arc for carbon steel and ar/he/o2 gas mixture - Google Patents
Mig/mag welding with rotative arc for carbon steel and ar/he/o2 gas mixture Download PDFInfo
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- EP2590772B1 EP2590772B1 EP11743286.4A EP11743286A EP2590772B1 EP 2590772 B1 EP2590772 B1 EP 2590772B1 EP 11743286 A EP11743286 A EP 11743286A EP 2590772 B1 EP2590772 B1 EP 2590772B1
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- Prior art keywords
- arc
- welding
- helium
- transfer
- ternary
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
- B23K35/383—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area mainly containing noble gases or nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/0216—Seam profiling, e.g. weaving, multilayer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/08—Arrangements or circuits for magnetic control of the arc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/12—Vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
- B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a ternary gaseous mixture of argon, helium and oxygen as a shielding gas in a MIG / MAG rotary arc arc welding process. provided with fuse wire, carbon steel parts, overlapping type configuration, including sidecut type assemblies.
- the assemblies of metal parts in overlapping type configuration are found in particular in the components of pressurized devices such as hot water tank, fire extinguisher, compressor, refrigerant, gas cylinder LPG type ...
- edges soy commonly called assemblies with edges soys.
- an assembly generally comprises two pieces with hollow cylindrical ends, one of which is fitted into the other so that the inner surface of one of the pieces overlaps, over several millimeters, the outer surface of the another room at their circular ends.
- EN 13445-4: 2002 defines precisely the manufacturing tolerances for neutral fiber alignment, surface alignment, roundness deviations, straightness deviations, profile irregularities and local thinning of such overlapping assemblies , especially at the edges.
- the weld obtained on this type of assembly should have a profile wide enough to cover the outside of the seal and have sufficient penetration to melt the lower edge of the upper edge.
- the slag that formed during the previous pass must be removed, the cleaned surface and the surface defects removed to obtain the desired weld quality.
- EP-A-2078580 proposed to weld seamed assemblies using a rotary arc MIG / MAG welding process and using a gaseous mixture of 8 to 12% helium, 2.5 to 3.5% oxygen, and argon for the rest (% by volume).
- the document EP-A-857534 teaches using gaseous mixtures consisting of 10 to 40% helium, 1 to 8% oxygen and argon for the rest to weld ferromagnetic steels.
- the recommended oxygen content must be at least 5% to obtain effective welding in the case of a rotary arc welding.
- the assemblies are all in a conventional configuration, that is to say end-to-end joined. This document does not teach anything about overlapping assemblies, nor about the weld quality obtained on such assemblies.
- weld or weld joint made on this type of assembly must be of high quality not only in terms of penetration to allow good solidarity between them overlapping parts but also in terms of cord morphology, particularly wetting, so that the cord obtained is not too bulging or conversely does not present a gutter.
- Carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon concentration of less than 2% by weight.
- Such an alloy may contain addition elements of Mn, Cr, Si, Mo, Ti, Ni and Nb type. Impurities may be present in the chemical analysis of the metal, such as S, P, O, N.
- the transfer depends on the wire speed and the voltage. If the wire speed is sufficiently high, the transfer changes from unstable to axial spraying, then to a rotating liquid vein, increasing the tension. The shape of the bead then results from the applied transfer.
- the transfer mode chosen is the transfer of the rotating liquid vein type or VLT.
- VLT transfer for very high welding energies, that is to say at least 40 V for 450 A, and under the effect of the electromagnetic forces in the presence, one observes the formation of a liquid vein having a rotational movement.
- This VLT regime therefore generally requires the implementation of a high voltage-current pair, ie greater than 40 V and 450 A, delivered by one (or more) power generator whose power envelope covers this energy range. since generators are currently available which do not deliver more than 400 A, and a wire speed of between 20 and 40 m / min depending on the diameter of the filler used, which wire must also have always a free terminal part of at least 25 mm.
- a double speed reel is usually used, namely speeds of up to 50 m / min, which makes it possible, in a first conventional wire speed regime, to ensure the smooth running of the start-up and start-up phases. stop, and in a second regime, to allow the transition to the high rate of deposition which requires high wire speeds.
- the welding nozzle delivering the wire and the gas shield must be particularly well cooled by water circulation.
- the gaseous protection applied during a MI / MAG welding VLT regime is particularly important because it determines the obtaining of welding cords of more or less good quality.
- the document EP-A-2078580 proposed a preferential mixture He / Ar / O 2 containing from 9% to 11% of helium, from 2.7% to 3.3% of oxygen and the remainder in argon.
- this ternary mixture was not ideal because the low helium trouble to create a constriction of arc sufficient to increase the current density and therefore the amplitude of the electromagnetic forces.
- the observation of oscilloscope recordings with very fast sampling showed the existence of micro-circuits at the bottom of the rotating liquid vein zone on the diagram of the Figure 1 . These are in fact operating points where the voltage is not high enough to prevent the liquid stream from coming into physical contact with the weld pool and thus causing the arc to be extinguished and then rebooted. accompanied by projections.
- the inventors of the present invention have sought to better understand the interest and influence of different gases in the gaseous mixture composition serving as shielding gas so as to try to improve the MIG welding process.
- the gaseous mixture composition serving as shielding gas so as to try to improve the MIG welding process.
- a second effect is that the reduced area of the arc produces a higher current density and therefore higher magnetic forces.
- oxygen is used for its stabilizing effect on the arc but also for the surfactant aspect which will make it possible to obtain a liquid vein at the end of the wire Consumable which will present a greater fluidity and which will be more easily set in motion by the magnetic forces.
- argon the role of argon is to facilitate the priming of the arc since it ionizes easily.
- the objective was to succeed in obtaining, during the MIG / MAG welding of overlapping steel parts, typically a woven edge configuration, a VLT transfer identical or similar to that schematized in FIG. Figure 2 , at low energy level.
- compositions of the different gaseous mixtures tested are shown in Table 2.
- the welded parts are in the edge-wise configuration as shown in FIG. Figure 3 .
- the generator used is of the Digi @ wave 500 type from Air Liquide Welding France; the reel is of type DVR 500; and the torch is PROMIG 441 W.
- tests 7 and 8 have shown that, for an O 2 content of 2%, the welding energy required to obtain a metal transfer without a micro short circuit is 32.8 V for 280 A. Low O 2 content of the shielding gas increases the fluidity of the molten metal and thus makes it less likely to rotate.
- the welding energy required to obtain a micro-short-circuit free metal transfer is 31.8 V for 275 A, whereas for 4.5% (Test 6), it is located at 32.8 V for 279 A.
- the increase in O 2 content of the shielding gas increases the fluidity of the molten metal and thus the liquid vein elongates. This "wire" or vein of longer liquid metal is therefore randomly touching the weld pool and create short circuits that cause adherent projections. It is therefore much better to use an oxygen content of the order of 3% than a lower content, that is to say only 2%.
- the welding energy required to obtain a metal transfer without micro short circuit is 34.4 V for 283 A.
- the high O 2 content of the gas is protection further increases the fluidity of the molten metal and thus the liquid vein elongates further. Short-circuits are more frequent and therefore projections are more numerous.
- the cord has a very marked oxidation and there is the presence of bulky silicates on the surface of the cord, which would be unacceptable in terms of quality and appearance of the cord. This content of 6% oxygen is therefore excessive.
- the oxygen content must therefore necessarily be maintained at about 3% by volume.
- the low level of helium has difficulty creating an arc constriction sufficient to increase the current density and therefore the amplitude of the electromagnetic forces.
- the transfer of metal takes place well following the transfer by rotating liquid vein but the macrographies show a penetration whose profile does not meet the definition of the transfer VLT.
- the welding energy required to obtain a metal transfer without a micro-short circuit is located at 34.4 V for 276 A.
- the constriction of the arc increases the density of energy at the center of the arc and thus excessively fluidifies the rotating liquid vein which creates parasitic shorts.
- the helium content must necessarily be maintained in the order of 20% by volume when welding an assembly overlapping carbon steel parts.
- the He content is at least 19.7%, preferably at least 19.8%, still more preferably at least 19.9%, and / or at most 20.3%. %, preferably at most 20.2%, even more preferably at most 20.1%.
- the oxygen content is typically at least 2.8%, preferably at least 2.9%, and / or at most 3.2%, preferably at most 3%, 1%.
- a gaseous mixture according to this composition makes it possible to obtain a stable, low-energy spineless liquid transfer without projection and having the expected cord morphology, in particular an excellent wetting.
- the use of ternary mixtures where the helium content is around 20% makes it possible to lower the energy level at which the VLT transfer is obtained in a stable manner since it makes it possible to increase the current density without however, to reach a level that would cause the lengthening of the liquid vein (magnetic pinch effect and higher isotherms) and thus create micro-short circuits.
- the MIG / MAG electric arc welding method with filler wire and Ar / He / O2 gas shielding according to the invention is particularly suitable for welding carbon steel parts, especially when a surface oxidation of the bead can occur. to be tolerated.
- the MIG / MAG welding process according to the invention is well suited for welding joints in soy edges, including water heater balloons, extinguisher bodies, tanks ...
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Description
L'invention porte sur l'utilisation d'un mélange gazeux ternaire formé d'argon, d'hélium et d'oxygène en tant que gaz de protection dans un procédé de soudage à l'arc avec arc rotatif de type MIG/MAG, avec apport de fil fusible, de pièces en acier au carbone, en configuration de type en chevauchement, notamment d'assemblages de type à bords soyés.The invention relates to the use of a ternary gaseous mixture of argon, helium and oxygen as a shielding gas in a MIG / MAG rotary arc arc welding process. provided with fuse wire, carbon steel parts, overlapping type configuration, including sidecut type assemblies.
Les assemblages de pièces métalliques en configuration de type chevauchant (désignés par les termes lap joint en anglais) se retrouvent notamment dans les éléments constitutifs d'appareils sous pression de type ballon d'eau chaude, extincteur, compresseur, appareil réfrigérant, bouteille de gaz de type GPL...The assemblies of metal parts in overlapping type configuration (designated by the words lap joint in English) are found in particular in the components of pressurized devices such as hot water tank, fire extinguisher, compressor, refrigerant, gas cylinder LPG type ...
En particulier, les plus utilisés sont ceux dit à bords soyés, communément appelés assemblages à bords soyés. Comme illustré en
La norme EN 13445-4:2002 définit précisément les tolérances de fabrication concernant l'alignement des fibres neutres, l'alignement des surfaces, les écarts de circularité, les écarts de rectitude, les irrégularités de profil et les amincissements locaux de tels assemblages chevauchant, en particulier à bords soyés.EN 13445-4: 2002 defines precisely the manufacturing tolerances for neutral fiber alignment, surface alignment, roundness deviations, straightness deviations, profile irregularities and local thinning of such overlapping assemblies , especially at the edges.
Schématiquement, la soudure obtenue sur ce type d'assemblage, c'est-à-dire avec bords qui se recouvrent ou se chevauchent partiellement, comme illustré notamment en
Par ailleurs, en fonction du procédé de soudage mis en oeuvre, après chaque passe, le laitier qui s'est formé pendant la passe précédente doit être éliminé, la surface nettoyée et les défauts de surface enlevés pour obtenir la qualité de soudure souhaitée.Furthermore, depending on the welding process used, after each pass, the slag that formed during the previous pass must be removed, the cleaned surface and the surface defects removed to obtain the desired weld quality.
Le document
Toutefois, ce procédé présente les inconvénients de conduire à une constriction d'arc insuffisante et il s'ensuit des soudures dont le profil de pénétration n'est pas toujours celui recherché.However, this method has the drawbacks of leading to insufficient arc constriction and the result is welds whose penetration profile is not always the desired one.
Dans les applications visées, l'utilisateur va rechercher un transfert avec un minimum de projection. Or, le mélange proposé dans le document
Par ailleurs, le document
Or, les assemblages type chevauchant sont délicats à souder et posent des problèmes spécifiques car si l'énergie de soudage est trop importante, on assiste à des projections importantes de métal en fusion, ce qui nuit à la qualité de réalisation, voire même à des perçages des pièces soudées si leur épaisseur est faible, c'est-à-dire inférieure à 1 mm environ.However, overlapping type assemblies are difficult to weld and pose specific problems because if the welding energy is too important, there is significant projections of molten metal, which affects the quality of implementation, or even to piercing welded parts if their thickness is low, that is to say less than 1 mm.
De plus, la soudure ou joint de soudure réalisé sur ce type d'assemblages doit être de grande qualité non seulement en terme de pénétration pour permettre une bonne solidarisation entre elles des pièces se chevauchant mais aussi en terme de morphologie de cordon, en particulier de mouillage, pour que le cordon obtenu ne soit pas trop bombé ou à l'inverse ne présente pas de caniveau.In addition, the weld or weld joint made on this type of assembly must be of high quality not only in terms of penetration to allow good solidarity between them overlapping parts but also in terms of cord morphology, particularly wetting, so that the cord obtained is not too bulging or conversely does not present a gutter.
Or, obtenir un bel aspect de cordon nécessite n'est pas chose aisée au plan industriel.Now, to obtain a beautiful aspect of cord requires is not easy thing at the industrial level.
Partant de là, un problème qui se pose est de proposer un procédé de soudage à l'arc rotatif amélioré permettant de souder efficacement des assemblages chevauchant en acier de manière à obtenir une bonne pénétration et une bonne qualité de soudage, notamment une bonne morphologie de cordon de soudure, en particulier en terme de mouillage, avec aucune ou alors un nombre aussi réduit que possible de projections lors du soudage, et ce, avec mise en oeuvre d'une faible énergie de soudage, typiquement un courant de soudage inférieur à 300 A avec une tension de soudage de moins de 35 V.
- La solution selon l'invention est un procédé de soudage à l'arc électrique selon la
revendication 1.
- The solution according to the invention is an electric arc welding method according to
claim 1.
Selon l'invention - les pièces soudées sont en acier au carbone. On appelle « acier carbone », un alliage fer-carbone avec une concentration de carbone inférieure à 2% en masse. Un tel alliage peut contenir des éléments d'addition de type Mn, Cr, Si, Mo, Ti, Ni et Nb. Des impuretés peuvent être présentes dans l'analyse chimique du métal, tel que S, P, O, N.According to the invention - the welded parts are made of carbon steel. Carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon concentration of less than 2% by weight. Such an alloy may contain addition elements of Mn, Cr, Si, Mo, Ti, Ni and Nb type. Impurities may be present in the chemical analysis of the metal, such as S, P, O, N.
Selon le cas, le procédé de soudage de l'invention peut comprendre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :
- les pièces soudées sont en configuration de type à bords soyés, de préférence les pièces soudées sont des éléments constitutifs d'un appareil sous pression de type ballon d'eau chaude, extincteur, compresseur, appareil réfrigérant ou bouteille de gaz.
- les pièces soudées comprennent des extrémités cylindriques se chevauchant l'une l'autre.
- on met en oeuvre une tension d'arc comprise entre 29.5V et 35 V, de préférence moins de 34V.
- on soude une ou des pièces ayant une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 3 mm, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 2 mm.
- le fil a un diamètre de 0.8 à 1 mm.
- la tension de soudage est de moins de 36 V, typiquement comprise entre 29.5 V et 35 V environ.
- l'intensité de soudage est comprise entre 245 A et 300 A
- le fil de soudage est de type NERTALIC 70 S.
- la vitesse de dévidage du fil (Vfil) est d'au plus 30 m/min, typiquement comprise entre 16 m/min et 20 m/min.
- la vitesse de soudage est d'au plus 5 m/min, typiquement comprise entre 0.8 m/min et 2 m/min.
- the welded parts are in the wafer type configuration, preferably the welded parts are constituent elements of a pressurized apparatus of the hot water tank type, fire extinguisher, compressor, refrigerating apparatus or gas cylinder.
- the welded parts comprise cylindrical ends overlapping each other.
- an arc voltage of between 29.5V and 35V, preferably less than 34V is used.
- one or more parts are welded having a thickness less than or equal to 3 mm, preferably less than or equal to 2 mm.
- the wire has a diameter of 0.8 to 1 mm.
- the welding voltage is less than 36 V, typically between 29.5 V and 35 V.
- the welding current is between 245 A and 300 A
- the welding wire is NERTALIC 70 S.
- the thread feeding speed (Vfil) is at most 30 m / min, typically between 16 m / min and 20 m / min.
- the welding speed is at most 5 m / min, typically between 0.8 m / min and 2 m / min.
La présente invention va être expliquée plus en détail dans la description suivante faite en référence aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles :
- La
Figure 1 schématise l'influence du type de transfert sur la morphologie du cordon, - la
Figure 2 schématise une veine liquide tournante, et - la
Figure 3 schématise un assemblage à bords soyés.
- The
Figure 1 schematizes the influence of the type of transfer on the morphology of the cord, - the
Figure 2 schematizes a rotating liquid vein, and - the
Figure 3 schematizes an assembly with sarried edges.
D'une manière générale, en soudage à l'arc MIG-MAG, il existe trois régimes de transfert principaux ou conventionnels, à savoir :
- le court-circuit. Ce régime est obtenu pour de faibles énergies d'arc, typiquement de 50 à 200 A et de 15 à 20 V. Une goutte de métal fondu se forme au bout du fil d'apport et grossit progressivement jusqu'à venir en contact avec le bain de métal en fusion, ce qui provoque un court-circuit. Le courant augmente alors rapidement faisant apparaître un pincement qui facilite le détachement de la goutte, puis l'arc se réamorce. Ce phénomène se répète à des fréquences de 50 à 200 Hz environ. Ce régime est dit "froid" et présente un arc court. Il est adapté au soudage des fines épaisseurs, à savoir moins de 3 mm, et permet de maîtriser le bain de fusion lors du soudage en position.
- la pulvérisation axiale. Pour les hautes énergies de soudage, c'est-à-dire d'au moins 28 V pour 280 A, et au-delà d'une certaine densité de courant, typiquement supérieure à 250 A/mm2 selon la nature du fil et le gaz de protection, l'extrémité du fil d'apport prend une forme de cône allongé. Le transfert du métal fondu depuis le fil vers le bain de soudure se produit sous forme de fines gouttelettes de métal fondu dont le diamètre est inférieur à celui du fil et qui sont projetées à grande vitesse dans l'axe du fil. L'arc est long de 4 à 6 mm. Ce transfert de métal procure un arc stable et peu de projections. Il autorise de fortes pénétrations à savoir d'au moins 5 mm, et des volumes de métal déposé importants, c'est-à-dire au moins 15 m/min de vitesse fil. Il est adapté au soudage de pièces ayant des épaisseurs de l'ordre de 5 mm et plus. Toutefois, le volume et la fluidité du bain font qu'il est principalement utilisé en soudage à plat.
- le régime globulaire. Pour des énergies de soudage comprises entre celles donnant les transferts par court-circuit et par pulvérisation axiale, c'est-à-dire typiquement entre 22 V pour 200 A et 28 V pour 280 A, les gouttes de métal se formant à l'extrémité du fil d'apport ont une croissance lente. L'intensité du courant n'étant pas suffisante pour avoir un effet de pincement provoquant le détachement, la goutte devient grosse, c'est-à-dire de taille supérieure au diamètre du fil considéré. Le transfert se fait soit par court-circuit, quand la goutte touche le bain, soit par détachement de la goutte sous l'effet de la pesanteur. La goutte suit alors une trajectoire qui n'est pas toujours dans l'axe de l'arc. Ce mode de transfert est instable, ne permet d'atteindre que de faibles pénétrations de soudage et engendre de nombreuses projections de gouttelettes métalliques.
- the short circuit. This regime is obtained for low arc energies, typically 50 to 200 A and 15 to 20 V. A drop of molten metal is formed at the end of the filler wire and grows gradually until it comes into contact with the bath of molten metal, which causes a short circuit. The current then increases rapidly, causing a pinch that facilitates the detachment of the drop, and then the arc reboots. This phenomenon is repeated at frequencies of approximately 50 to 200 Hz. This diet is called "cold" and has a short arc. It is suitable for welding thin layers, ie less than 3 mm, and allows to control the melt during welding in position.
- axial spraying. For high welding energies, that is to say at least 28 V for 280 A, and above a certain current density, typically greater than 250 A / mm 2 depending on the nature of the wire and the shielding gas, the end of the filler wire takes the form of an elongated cone. The transfer of molten metal from the wire to the solder bath occurs as fine droplets of molten metal whose diameter is smaller than that of the wire and which are projected at high speed along the axis of the wire. The arc is 4 to 6 mm long. This metal transfer provides a stable arc and few projections. It allows strong penetrations ie at least 5 mm, and large volumes of deposited metal, that is to say at least 15 m / min speed wire. It is suitable for welding parts with thicknesses of the order of 5 mm and more. However, the volume and fluidity of the bath make it mainly used in flat welding.
- the globular diet. For welding energies between those giving short-circuit and axial spray transfers, that is to say typically between 22 V for 200 A and 28 V for 280 A, the drops of metal forming at the end of the filler wire have slow growth. The intensity of the current is not sufficient to have a pinching effect causing the detachment, the drop becomes large, that is to say larger than the diameter of the wire considered. The transfer is made either by short circuit, when the drop touches the bath, or by detachment of the drop under the effect of gravity. The drop then follows a trajectory that is not always in the axis of the arc. This mode of transfer is unstable, achieves only low penetrations of welding and generates many projections of metal droplets.
A ces trois régimes principaux, il faut ajouter trois régimes de transfert qui nécessitent des paramètres de soudage non conventionnels, à savoir :
- le régime arc court ou « short arc » forcé. Le transfert par court-circuit ne permet pas de souder à courant élevé, alors qu'une augmentation de l'intensité de soudage entraîne un transfert globulaire engendrant d'importantes projections adhérentes et un temps de parachèvement aussi important. Le transfert par court-circuit forcé ou arc-court forcé permet, avec une énergie d'arc normalement située dans le domaine globulaire, de maintenir un transfert par court-circuit. Ce régime permet d'accroître les vitesses de soudage et n'engendre que de fines projections limitant le temps de parachèvement. Le court-circuit forcé s'obtient avec des postes de soudage transistorisés dont les formes d'ondes permettent de maintenir un court-circuit régulier.
- le régime pulsé. A l'origine, le régime pulsé a été mis au point pour pallier aux inconvénients du régime globulaire qui de par son mode de transfert instable et son caractère projetant, ne permettait pas d'augmenter la productivité dans des conditions de soudage acceptables. En régime pulsé, on soude en courant pulsé en choisissant les paramètres de pulsation de telle sorte qu'il y ait, pour chacun des pulses, un transfert de type pulvérisation axiale avec une seule goutte par pulse. Le régime est ici forcé, c'est à dire que l'on impose la forme du courant en choisissant soigneusement les paramètres de la pulsation afin que le résultat soit probant. Typiquement, les fréquences de pulsation vont de 50 à 300 Hz suivant la vitesse d'avance du fil. Cela nécessite des générateurs, à transistors par exemple, pour lesquels on peut imposer la forme du courant en fonction du temps.
- le transfert par veine liquide tournante (ou VLT). Aux très fortes énergies de soudage, c'est-à-dire environ 40 V pour 450 A, le transfert par pulvérisation axiale est soumis à des forces électromagnétiques importantes. Sous l'effet de ces forces, le métal liquide en transfert se met à tourner formant une veine liquide rotative. Donnant une productivité élevée, ce régime apparaît à des intensités de l'ordre de 500 A et des tensions de 45 à 50 V. La forme de pénétration arrondie est propice au remplissage de chanfrein et permet une bonne compacité.
- the short arc diet or " short arc " forced. The short-circuit transfer does not allow welding at high current, while an increase in the intensity of welding causes a globular transfer generating significant adherent projections and such a large completion time. Forced arc or short-arc transfer allows, with arc energy normally in the globular range, to maintain a short-circuit transfer. This speed increases the welding speeds and produces only fine projections limiting the completion time. The forced short circuit is obtained with transistorized welding stations whose waveforms make it possible to maintain a regular short circuit.
- the pulsed diet. Originally, the pulsed regime was developed to overcome the disadvantages of the globular regime which by its unstable transfer mode and its projecting character, did not allow to increase the productivity under acceptable welding conditions. In the pulsed regime, pulsed current is welded by selecting the pulsation parameters such that there is, for each of the pulses, an axial spray-type transfer with a single drop per pulse. The regime is here forced, that is to say that one imposes the form of the current by carefully choosing the parameters of the pulsation so that the result is convincing. Typically, the pulse frequencies range from 50 to 300 Hz depending on the feed speed of the wire. This requires generators, for example transistors, for which we can impose the shape of the current as a function of time.
- transfer by rotating liquid vein (or VLT). At very high welding energies, that is to say about 40 V for 450 A, the axial spray transfer is subjected to significant electromagnetic forces. Under the effect of these forces, the liquid metal in transfer begins to rotate forming a rotating liquid vein. Producing high productivity, this regime occurs at intensities of the order of 500 A and voltages of 45 to 50 V. The rounded penetration form is conducive to chamfer filling and allows good compactness.
Or, d'une façon générale, le transfert dépend de la vitesse de fil et de la tension. Si la vitesse de fil est suffisamment élevée, le transfert évolue d'instable à pulvérisation axiale, puis vers une veine liquide tournante, en augmentant la tension. La forme du cordon résulte alors du transfert appliqué.Now, in general, the transfer depends on the wire speed and the voltage. If the wire speed is sufficiently high, the transfer changes from unstable to axial spraying, then to a rotating liquid vein, increasing the tension. The shape of the bead then results from the applied transfer.
Les morphologies de cordons obtenus avec les différents modes de transferts susmentionnés sont illustrées en
Ainsi :
- le régime globulaire se traduit par une pénétration lenticulaire avec présence de grosses projections adhérentes.
- le régime instable est caractérisé par un cordon bombé, non mouillé, avec une pénétration légèrement pointue pour les vitesses de fil basses. La forme pointue s'accentue avec l'élévation de la vitesse fil.
- le régime pulsé permet d'avoir des types de morphologies de cordon variés grâce à la grande amplitude de réglages qu'offrent ses formes d'onde. Aux hautes vitesses-fil l'obligation d'augmenter fortement la fréquence des pulses de courant ainsi que l'intensité pic conduit à un comportement très proche du spray. Ce transfert se traduit au niveau du cordon par une géométrie très proche de celle que procure un transfert spray en courant lisse.
- le régime par pulvérisation axiale conduit à une pénétration en forme de doigt de gant d'autant plus prononcée que la vitesse fil est élevée. Le mouillage est bon.
- la veine liquide tournante ou VLT engendre des pénétrations de cordon à fond plat en forme de cuvette.
- the globular regime results in a lenticular penetration with the presence of large adherent projections.
- the unstable regime is characterized by a curved, non-wet bead, with a slightly sharp penetration for low wire speeds. The pointed shape is accentuated with the rise of the wire speed.
- the pulsed regime makes it possible to have various types of cord morphologies thanks to the large range of adjustments offered by its waveforms. At high wire speeds the requirement to greatly increase the frequency of current pulses as well as the peak intensity leads to a behavior very close to the spray. This transfer is reflected at the cord by a geometry very similar to that provided by a spray transfer smooth current.
- the axial spray regime leads to penetration in the form of a thermowell all the more pronounced as the wire speed is high. The anchorage is good.
- the rotating liquid vein or VLT generates dish-shaped, flat-bottom bead penetrations.
Dans le cadre de la présente invention, le mode de transfert choisi est le transfert de type veine liquide tournante ou VLT.In the context of the present invention, the transfer mode chosen is the transfer of the rotating liquid vein type or VLT.
Or, classiquement, en transfert VLT, pour les énergies de soudage très élevées, c'est-à-dire d'au moins 40 V pour 450 A, et sous l'effet des forces électromagnétiques en présence, on observe la formation d'une veine liquide présentant un mouvement de rotation. Ce régime VLT nécessite donc généralement la mise en oeuvre d'un couple tension-courant élevé, i.e. supérieure à 40 V et 450 A, délivrée par un (ou plusieurs) générateur de puissance dont l'enveloppe de puissance couvre cette plage d'énergie, étant donné que couramment on trouve des générateurs qui ne délivrent pas plus de 400 A, et d'une vitesse de fil comprise entre 20 et 40 m/mn en fonction du diamètre de fi d'apport utilisé, lequel fil doit en outre avoir toujours une partie terminale libre d'au moins 25 mm. Pour ce faire, on utilise habituellement un dévidoir à double vitesse, à savoir des vitesses pouvant atteindre 50 m/mn, qui permet, dans un premier régime à vitesse de fil conventionnelle, d'assurer le bon déroulement des phases de démarrage et d'arrêt, et dans un second régime, d'autoriser le passage au régime haut taux de dépôt qui nécessite des vitesses de fil élevées.However, conventionally, in VLT transfer, for very high welding energies, that is to say at least 40 V for 450 A, and under the effect of the electromagnetic forces in the presence, one observes the formation of a liquid vein having a rotational movement. This VLT regime therefore generally requires the implementation of a high voltage-current pair, ie greater than 40 V and 450 A, delivered by one (or more) power generator whose power envelope covers this energy range. since generators are currently available which do not deliver more than 400 A, and a wire speed of between 20 and 40 m / min depending on the diameter of the filler used, which wire must also have always a free terminal part of at least 25 mm. To do this, a double speed reel is usually used, namely speeds of up to 50 m / min, which makes it possible, in a first conventional wire speed regime, to ensure the smooth running of the start-up and start-up phases. stop, and in a second regime, to allow the transition to the high rate of deposition which requires high wire speeds.
Par ailleurs, la buse de soudage délivrant le fil et la protection gazeuse doit être particulièrement bien refroidie par circulation d'eau.Furthermore, the welding nozzle delivering the wire and the gas shield must be particularly well cooled by water circulation.
Enfin, la protection gazeuse appliquée lors d'un soudage MI/MAG en régime VLT, est particulièrement importante car elle conditionne l'obtention de cordons de soudage de plus ou moins bonne qualité. Ainsi, le document
Au vu de cela, les inventeurs de la présente invention ont cherché à mieux comprendre l'intérêt et l'influence de différents gaz entrant dans la composition de mélange gazeux servant de gaz de protection de manière à tenter d'améliorer le procédé de soudage MIG/MAG de pièces en acier avec transfert par veine liquide tournante mais à niveau d'énergie bas, c'est-à-dire moins de 320A et de 32 V.In view of this, the inventors of the present invention have sought to better understand the interest and influence of different gases in the gaseous mixture composition serving as shielding gas so as to try to improve the MIG welding process. / MAG of steel parts with transfer by rotating liquid vein but at low energy level, that is to say less than 320A and 32 V.
Ils se sont tout particulièrement intéressés à l'hélium et à l'oxygène, mais aussi à l'argon, et ont réalisé les essais comparatifs consignés ci-après.They were particularly interested in helium and oxygen, but also in argon, and carried out the comparative tests recorded below.
En fait, dans un tel mélange gazeux, l'hélium est employé pour sa plus grande conductivité thermique. En effet, on peut considérer que pour toute position le long de l'axe entre le fil et la pièce à souder, une grande partie de l'énergie électrique apportée par la source est contenue dans l'enthalpie du plasma étant donné qu'une partie du gaz de protection est ionisée pour former l'arc électrique, à savoir : IV ≈ ρAhAvAA
où :
- I est le courant de soudage,
- V est la différence de potentiel entre l'électrode et la projection suivant l'axe du fil sur la pièce à souder,
- ρA est la densité moyenne du plasma,
- vA est la vitesse moyenne du plasma et
- A est la surface de l'arc.
or :
- I is the welding current,
- V is the potential difference between the electrode and the projection along the axis of the wire on the part to be welded,
- ρ A is the average density of the plasma,
- v A is the average speed of the plasma and
- A is the surface of the arc.
La densité de flux d'énergie est alors donnée par ρAhAvA , donc une caractéristique matérielle essentielle du plasma est le produit ph ou ρcp puisque : cp = dh/dT.The density of energy flow is then given by ρ A h A v A , so an essential material characteristic of the plasma is the product ph or ρc p since: c p = dh / dT.
D'après l'équation ci-dessus, pour les mêmes valeurs de I et de V, une augmentation de la valeur de cp et donc de l'enthalpie h résulte en une surface d'arc A réduite et donc en un arc constricté.According to the equation above, for the same values of I and V, an increase of the value of c p and therefore of the enthalpy h results in a reduced arc area A and thus in a constricted arc .
Un deuxième effet est que la surface réduite de l'arc produit une densité de courant plus élevé et donc des forces magnétiques plus importantes.A second effect is that the reduced area of the arc produces a higher current density and therefore higher magnetic forces.
On peut également noter qu'une plus grande vitesse vA produit une plus petite valeur de A et un arc constricté. Cet effet est appelé l'effet « pinch » thermique.It can also be noted that a higher velocity v A produces a smaller value of A and a constricted arc. This effect is called the thermal pinch effect.
Par ailleurs, l'oxygène est utilisé pour son effet stabilisant sur l'arc mais aussi pour l'aspect tensio-actif qui va permettre d'obtenir une veine liquide à l'extrémité du fil consommable qui présentera une plus grande fluidité et qui sera plus facilement mise en mouvement par les forces magnétiques.Moreover, oxygen is used for its stabilizing effect on the arc but also for the surfactant aspect which will make it possible to obtain a liquid vein at the end of the wire Consumable which will present a greater fluidity and which will be more easily set in motion by the magnetic forces.
Enfin, le rôle de l'argon est quant à lui de faciliter l'amorçage de l'arc puisqu'il s'ionise facilement.Finally, the role of argon is to facilitate the priming of the arc since it ionizes easily.
En définitive, l'objectif visé était de réussir à obtenir, pendant le soudage MIG/MAG de pièces en acier se chevauchant, typiquement une configuration en bords soyés, un transfert VLT identique ou similaire à celui schématisé en
Pour ce faire, ont été testés :
- différentes compositions gazeuses, en particulier des mélanges ternaires Ar/He/O2 contenant :
- soit de 10 à 40 % He avec teneur en O2 constante (3%), et reste Ar,
- soit de 2 à 6 % O2 avec teneur en He constante (10%), et reste Ar,
- soit d'autres mélanges comparatifs avec 20% d'He.
- différentes vitesses de fil, et
- différents paramètres électriques, notamment différentes tension.
- different gaseous compositions, in particular Ar / He / O2 ternary mixtures containing:
- from 10 to 40% He with constant O 2 content (3%), and remains Ar,
- from 2 to 6% O 2 with constant He content (10%), and remains Ar,
- or other comparative mixtures with 20% He.
- different wire speeds, and
- different electrical parameters, especially different voltage.
Pour chaque cordon soudé, une vidéo rapide synchronisée avec l'enregistrement des paramètres électriques de soudage et des macrographies a été réalisée de manière à pouvoir observer la manière dont s'effectue le transfert et l'apparition de micro courts-circuits en bas de la zone veine liquide tournante (cf.
En effet, pouvoir éviter un contact physique entre la veine et le bain de soudage est primordial pour pouvoir éviter ou diminuer les projections, donc augmenter la qualité de soudage.Indeed, to be able to avoid a physical contact between the vein and the welding bath is essential to be able to avoid or reduce the projections, thus to increase the quality of welding.
Les paramètres de soudage qui ont été employés pour les essais sont répertoriés dans le Tableau 1.
Nuance de fil : Nertalc 70S, selon la norme AWS A 5-18 : ER 70S-3 et selon la norme EN440 : G2 Si.
Yarn grade: Nertalc 70S, according to AWS A 5-18: ER 70S-3 and according to EN440: G2 Si.
Les compositions des différents mélanges gazeux testés sont consignées dans le Tableau 2.The compositions of the different gaseous mixtures tested are shown in Table 2.
Durant le soudage, les pièces soudées sont en configuration bords soyés comme illustré en
Par ailleurs, le générateur utilisé est de type Digi@wave 500 de Air Liquide Welding France ; le dévidoir est de type DVR 500 ; et la torche est de type PROMIG 441 W.
Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en évidence l'influence de l'oxygène et de l'hélium en soudage MIG/MAG avec arc tournant (VLT).The results obtained made it possible to highlight the influence of oxygen and helium in MIG / MAG welding with rotating arc (VLT).
Plus précisément, les essais 7 et 8 ont montré que, pour une teneur en O2 de 2%, l'énergie de soudage requise pour obtenir un transfert de métal exempt de micro court-circuit est située à 32.8 V pour 280 A. La faible teneur en O2 du gaz de protection accroît moins la fluidité du métal fondu et donc le rend moins susceptible de tourner.More specifically, tests 7 and 8 have shown that, for an O 2 content of 2%, the welding energy required to obtain a metal transfer without a micro short circuit is 32.8 V for 280 A. Low O 2 content of the shielding gas increases the fluidity of the molten metal and thus makes it less likely to rotate.
Lorsque la teneur en O2 atteint 3% (essais 1 à 4), l'énergie de soudage requise pour obtenir un transfert de métal exempt de micro court-circuit est située à 31.8 V pour 275 A, alors que pour 4,5% (essai 6), elle est située à 32.8 V pour 279 A. L'augmentation de teneur en O2 du gaz de protection accroît la fluidité du métal fondu et donc la veine liquide s'allonge. Ce « fil » ou veine de métal liquide plus long vient donc toucher de façon aléatoire le bain de soudage et créer des courts-circuits qui provoquent des projections adhérentes. Il est donc nettement préférable d'utiliser une teneur en oxygène de l'ordre de 3% qu'une teneur inférieure, c'est-à-dire de 2% seulement.When the O 2 content reaches 3% (
Pour une teneur de 6 % en O2 (essai 5), l'énergie de soudage requise pour obtenir un transfert de métal exempt de micro court-circuit est située à 34.4 V pour 283 A. La forte teneur en O2 du gaz de protection accroît encore davantage la fluidité du métal fondu et donc la veine liquide s'allonge encore. Les courts-circuits sont plus fréquents et donc les projections sont plus nombreuses. En outre, le cordon présente une oxydation très marquée et on note la présence de silicates volumineux en surface du cordon, qui seraient rédhibitoires au plan qualité et d'aspect de cordon. Cette teneur de 6% en oxygène est dès lors excessive.For a content of 6% O 2 (test 5), the welding energy required to obtain a metal transfer without micro short circuit is 34.4 V for 283 A. The high O 2 content of the gas is protection further increases the fluidity of the molten metal and thus the liquid vein elongates further. Short-circuits are more frequent and therefore projections are more numerous. In addition, the cord has a very marked oxidation and there is the presence of bulky silicates on the surface of the cord, which would be unacceptable in terms of quality and appearance of the cord. This content of 6% oxygen is therefore excessive.
Des essais complémentaires opérés avec des teneurs en oxygène supérieures à 3% mais inférieures à 6%, ont permis de constater que les teneurs en oxygène supérieures à environ 3% n'étaient pas nécessaires pour obtenir un bon mouillage et qu'au contraire, celles supérieure à 4,5 ou 5% pouvaient nuire à la qualité du cordon.Additional tests operated with oxygen contents greater than 3% but less than 6%, have found that oxygen contents greater than about 3% were not necessary to obtain a good wetting and that, on the contrary, those more than 4.5 or 5% could affect the quality of the cord.
Au final, la teneur en oxygène doit donc impérativement être maintenue à environ 3% en volume.In the end, the oxygen content must therefore necessarily be maintained at about 3% by volume.
Par ailleurs, des essais complémentaires ont montré que, lorsque le gaz contient 10% d'hélium (essais 1 et 5-7), l'énergie de soudage requise pour obtenir un transfert de métal exempt de micro court-circuit est située à 31.8 V pour 275 A.Furthermore, further tests have shown that when the gas contains 10% helium (
Le faible taux d'hélium peine à créer une constriction d'arc suffisante pour augmenter la densité de courant et donc l'amplitude des forces électromagnétiques. Le transfert de métal s'effectue bien suivant le transfert par veine liquide tournante mais les macrographies montrent une pénétration dont le profil ne respecte pas la définition du transfert VLT.The low level of helium has difficulty creating an arc constriction sufficient to increase the current density and therefore the amplitude of the electromagnetic forces. The transfer of metal takes place well following the transfer by rotating liquid vein but the macrographies show a penetration whose profile does not meet the definition of the transfer VLT.
Augmenter la teneur en hélium à 20% en volume (essais 2 et 8) conduit à une énergie de soudage requise pour obtenir un transfert de métal exempt de micro court-circuit est située à 31.8 V pour 280 A. Le transfert de métal s'effectue bien suivant le transfert par veine liquide tournante et les macrographies montrent une pénétration dont le profil respecte la définition du transfert VLT.Increasing the helium content to 20% by volume (tests 2 and 8) leads to a welding energy required to obtain a micro-short metal free transfer is located at 31.8 V for 280 A. The metal transfer is performs well following the transfer by rotating liquid vein and macrographies show a penetration whose profile meets the definition of VLT transfer.
Par contre, à plus de 20% d'hélium, notamment à 30% d'hélium (essai 3), l'énergie de soudage requise pour obtenir un transfert de métal exempt de micro court-circuit est située à 34.4 V pour 276 A. La constriction de l'arc augmente la densité d'énergie au centre de l'arc et donc fluidifie à l'excès la veine liquide tournante qui vient créer des courts-circuits parasites.On the other hand, at more than 20% of helium, in particular 30% of helium (test 3), the welding energy required to obtain a metal transfer without a micro-short circuit is located at 34.4 V for 276 A. The constriction of the arc increases the density of energy at the center of the arc and thus excessively fluidifies the rotating liquid vein which creates parasitic shorts.
De manière encore plus notable, à 40 % d'hélium (essai 4), l'énergie de soudage requise pour obtenir un transfert de métal exempt de micro court-circuit est située à 34.4 V pour 273 A. La constriction de l'arc augmente la densité d'énergie au centre de l'arc et donc fluidifie à l'excès la veine liquide tournante qui vient créer des courts-circuits. En outre, la plus grande densité de courant augmente l'amplitude des forces électromagnétiques et donc augmente l'instabilité du transfert de métal qui va beaucoup modifier la géométrie de l'arc pendant le soudage. Ce phénomène se traduit par des oscillations transversales du cordon.Even more noticeably, at 40% helium (test 4), the welding energy required to obtain metal transfer without a micro short circuit is 34.4 V for 273 A. The constriction of the arc increases the density of energy in the center of the arc and thus fluidifies excessively the rotating liquid vein which creates short circuits. In addition, the greater current density increases the amplitude of the electromagnetic forces and thus increases the instability of the metal transfer which will greatly modify the geometry of the arc during welding. This phenomenon results in transverse oscillations of the cord.
Au final, la teneur en hélium doit impérativement être maintenue de l'ordre de 20% en volume lors du soudage d'un assemblage chevauchant de pièces en acier carbone.In the end, the helium content must necessarily be maintained in the order of 20% by volume when welding an assembly overlapping carbon steel parts.
Des essais complémentaires autour de cette valeur de 20% en He ont permis de constater que les résultats sont particulièrement bons dans une plage très étroite, à savoir pour des teneurs en He entre 19,5 et 20,5% d'hélium, lorsque la teneur en oxygène est par ailleurs de l'ordre de 3% en volume, typiquement entre 2,7 et 3,3% en volume.Further tests around this value of 20% in He have found that the results are particularly good in a very narrow range, namely for He contents between 19.5 and 20.5% of helium, when the oxygen content is also of the order of 3% by volume, typically between 2.7 and 3.3% by volume.
De façon préférée, la teneur en He est d'au moins 19,7%, préférentiellement d'au moins 19,8%, encore plus préférentiellement d'au moins 19,9%, et/ou d'au plus 20,3%, de préférence d'au plus 20,2%, encore plus préférentiellement d'au plus 20,1%.Preferably, the He content is at least 19.7%, preferably at least 19.8%, still more preferably at least 19.9%, and / or at most 20.3%. %, preferably at most 20.2%, even more preferably at most 20.1%.
De même, avantageusement, la teneur en oxygène est typiquement d'au moins 2,8%, préférentiellement d'au moins 2,9%, et/ou d'au plus 3,2%, de préférence d'au plus 3,1%.Likewise, advantageously, the oxygen content is typically at least 2.8%, preferably at least 2.9%, and / or at most 3.2%, preferably at most 3%, 1%.
L'ensemble de ces essais permet d'aboutir à une composition gazeuse ternaire Ar/He/O2 spécifique et particulièrement bien adaptée au soudage MIG/MAG avec arc rotatif, de pièces en acier carbone en configuration se chevauchant ou en angle de type gouttière, en particulier d'assemblages de type à bords soyés, à savoir un mélange gazeux ternaire Ar, He et O2 constitué de 20% d'hélium, de 3% d'oxygène et d'argon pour le reste (% en volume).All these tests lead to a ternary gas composition Ar / He / O 2 specific and particularly well suited to MIG / MAG welding with rotating arc, carbon steel parts in overlapping configuration or angle gutter type , in particular wafer type assemblies, namely a ternary gas mixture Ar, He and O 2 consisting of 20% helium, 3% oxygen and argon for the rest (% by volume) .
En effet, un mélange gazeux selon cette composition permet d'obtenir un transfert par veine liquide tournante stable à faible énergie, sans projection et présentant la morphologie de cordon attendue, en particulier un excellent mouillage.In fact, a gaseous mixture according to this composition makes it possible to obtain a stable, low-energy spineless liquid transfer without projection and having the expected cord morphology, in particular an excellent wetting.
En effet, l'emploi de mélanges ternaires où la teneur en hélium se situe autour de 20% permet d'abaisser le niveau d'énergie auquel le transfert VLT est obtenu de façon stable puisqu'il permet d'augmenter la densité de courant sans pour autant atteindre un niveau qui provoquerait l'allongement de la veine liquide (effet de pincement magnétique et isothermes plus élevées) et donc créerait des micro-courts-circuits.In fact, the use of ternary mixtures where the helium content is around 20% makes it possible to lower the energy level at which the VLT transfer is obtained in a stable manner since it makes it possible to increase the current density without however, to reach a level that would cause the lengthening of the liquid vein (magnetic pinch effect and higher isotherms) and thus create micro-short circuits.
Limiter la teneur en oxygène à 3 % de ces mélanges ternaires permet de limiter l'effet tensio-actif du gaz donc permet aussi de ne pas avoir de micro-courts-circuits et permet de ne pas avoir de détachement de l'extrémité de la veine liquide tournante pendant la rotation. En effet, ces projections centrifuges qui apparaissent pour des taux en O2 > 4.5%, tombent hors du bain de soudage et provoquent des projections adhérentes importantes.Limiting the oxygen content to 3% of these ternary mixtures makes it possible to limit the surfactant effect of the gas, thus also makes it possible not to have micro-short circuits and makes it possible to have no detachment of the end of the rotating liquid vein during rotation. Indeed, these centrifugal projections which appear for O 2 > 4.5%, fall out of the welding bath and cause significant adherence projections.
En outre, employer un taux supérieur à 5% conduit à un aspect de cordon qui peut être considéré comme insuffisant pour des raisons d'oxydation de surface et de présence de silicates.In addition, using a level greater than 5% leads to a bead appearance that can be considered insufficient for reasons of surface oxidation and the presence of silicates.
Le procédé de soudage MIG/MAG à l'arc électrique avec fil d'apport et protection gazeuse Ar/He/O2 selon l'invention est particulièrement adapté au soudage de pièces en acier carbone, notamment lorsqu'une oxydation de surface du cordon peut être tolérée.The MIG / MAG electric arc welding method with filler wire and Ar / He / O2 gas shielding according to the invention is particularly suitable for welding carbon steel parts, especially when a surface oxidation of the bead can occur. to be tolerated.
Le procédé de soudage MIG/MAG selon l'invention est bien adapté au soudage des assemblages en bords soyés, notamment les ballons de chauffe-eau, les corps d'extincteurs, les cuves...The MIG / MAG welding process according to the invention is well suited for welding joints in soy edges, including water heater balloons, extinguisher bodies, tanks ...
Claims (11)
- Method for electric arc welding of the MIG/MAG type of at least one part made from carbon steel with the use of a fusible filler wire, a rotary arc and gaseous protection formed by a ternary gaseous mixture consisting of helium, oxygen and argon, in which the fusible filler wire is melted by the rotary arc so as to obtain a transfer of metal by rotating liquid stream and the welded part or parts straddle or overlap one another, the welding by rotary arc taking place at said straddle or overlap, characterised in that the ternary gaseous mixture consists of 19.5% to 20.5% helium, 2.7% to 3.3% O2 and argon for the remainder (% by volume).
- Method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the gaseous protection is formed by a ternary gaseous mixture containing 19.8% to 20.2% helium.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gaseous protection is formed by a ternary gaseous mixture containing 2.8% to 3.2% O2.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gaseous protection is formed by a ternary gaseous mixture containing 2.9% to 3.1% O2.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gaseous protection is formed by a ternary gaseous mixture consisting of 20% helium, 3% O2 and argon for the remainder.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the welded parts are in a configuration of the burred edge type.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the welded parts are elements constituting a pressurised apparatus of the hot-water vessel, fire extinguisher, compressor, refrigerating apparatus or gas cylinder type.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the welded parts comprise cylindrical ends overlapping one another.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an arc voltage of between 29.5 V and 35 V, preferably less than 34 V, is used.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one or more parts having a thickness of less than or equal to 3mm, preferably less than or equal to 2mm, are welded.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wire has a diameter of 0.8 to 1mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1055493A FR2962356B1 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2010-07-07 | MIG / MAG WELDING WITH ROTATING ARC AND MIXTURE GAS AR / HE / O2 |
PCT/FR2011/051560 WO2012004498A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2011-07-04 | Mig/mag welding of steel to carbon with rotary arc and gaseous mixture of ar/he/o2 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2590772A1 EP2590772A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
EP2590772B1 true EP2590772B1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
Family
ID=43618705
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11743286.4A Not-in-force EP2590772B1 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2011-07-04 | Mig/mag welding with rotative arc for carbon steel and ar/he/o2 gas mixture |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10245673B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2590772B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5976642B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2011275635B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013000404A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2800090C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2962356B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012004498A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201209293B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110732756B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-06-01 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | MAG welding method and process for PC (polycarbonate) position weldment with HV (high voltage) structure |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU461775B2 (en) * | 1972-07-27 | 1975-06-05 | The Commonwealth Industrial Gases Limited | meld SHIELDING GAS |
JPS607578B2 (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1985-02-26 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Pipe manufacturing and welding method for thick-walled steel pipes |
JPS59127970A (en) * | 1983-01-12 | 1984-07-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Consumable electrode type arc welding method of steel |
US4749841A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-06-07 | Viri Manufacturing, Inc. | Pulsed arc welding method, apparatus and shielding gas composition |
DE4429228C1 (en) * | 1994-08-18 | 1995-08-24 | Linde Ag | Electric arc welding using protective gas |
DE19704513C1 (en) | 1997-02-06 | 1998-03-05 | Linde Ag | Gas shielded consumable electrode welding with rotating arc |
DE102005014969A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Linde Ag | Method of arc welding |
JP4886440B2 (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2012-02-29 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | High strength weld metal with excellent low temperature toughness |
DE102007013802A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Pangas | MIG or MAG welding or soldering method uses external magnetic field to rotate arc, consumable electrode being used as anode |
JP5294573B2 (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2013-09-18 | 日立Geニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | Laser and arc combined welding apparatus and method |
DE102007046709A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-09 | Linde Ag | Method for joining objects |
FR2926235B1 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2010-02-19 | Air Liquide | MAG WELDING METHOD WITH LOW ENERGY ROTARY ARC |
-
2010
- 2010-07-07 FR FR1055493A patent/FR2962356B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-07-04 CA CA2800090A patent/CA2800090C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-04 BR BR112013000404A patent/BR112013000404A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-07-04 JP JP2013517469A patent/JP5976642B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-04 AU AU2011275635A patent/AU2011275635B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-04 US US13/808,777 patent/US10245673B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-04 WO PCT/FR2011/051560 patent/WO2012004498A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-04 EP EP11743286.4A patent/EP2590772B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2012
- 2012-12-07 ZA ZA2012/09293A patent/ZA201209293B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012004498A4 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
FR2962356B1 (en) | 2013-04-12 |
ZA201209293B (en) | 2013-08-28 |
US20130112662A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
US10245673B2 (en) | 2019-04-02 |
EP2590772A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
BR112013000404A2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
AU2011275635A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
CA2800090A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
JP2013529550A (en) | 2013-07-22 |
JP5976642B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
WO2012004498A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
AU2011275635B2 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
CA2800090C (en) | 2018-04-17 |
FR2962356A1 (en) | 2012-01-13 |
CN102985208A (en) | 2013-03-20 |
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