Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q7/00—Preparations for affecting hair growth
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
  • A61K8/498—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom having 6-membered rings or their condensed derivatives, e.g. coumarin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
  • A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners

Definitions

• This invention relates to a hair care composition comprising malvidin or a derivative thereof.
• the invention also relates to a cosmetic method for increasing hair fibre diameter, stimulating hair growth, retaining hair or reducing hair loss, stimulating hair follicle growth in anagen or telogen phases, increasing hair fibre density and preventing or treating alopecia.
• One of the major hair concerns for both men and women is that of hair loss.
• male pattern baldness known as alopecia areata.
• hair shedding resulting in hair thinning is also a concern for both men and women.
• Individuals suffering hair loss often experience psychological disadvantages, for example social phobia, anxiety, and depression, due to their change in appearance.
• Minoxidil was originally produced as an oral anti-hypertensive drug (LonitenTM), which was found to also have hypertrichosis effects.
• Messenger et al (Br. J. Dermatol., 150/2, 186-194 (2004)), showed in clinical trials that topical minoxidil increases hair growth and diameter, triggering anagen induction and prolonging length of anagen and hence hair.
• Sanders et al (J. Invest. Dermatol., 107/2, 229-234 (1996)) have shown that minoxidil is able to increase cell proliferation in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts via the opening of potassium channels.
• Messenger et al showed that other potassium channel openers exhibit a similar hypertrichosis effect.
• VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
• minoxidil The side effects of minoxidil include itchy scalp and dandruff, often due to the alcohol required for its topical formulation.
• Side effects of oral minoxidil include swelling of the face and extremities, rapid and irregular heartbeat, lightheadedness and cardiac lesions.
• Herbal treatments with saw palmetto and green tea extracts (both of which comprise 5-alpha reductase inhibitors), and Gingko biloba extract (which comprises an active vasodilator) have been used.
• Non-invasive treatments include scalp massage with essential oils.
• Caffeine has also been identified as a stimulator of human hair growth in-vitro, and reduced testosterone-induced follicle growth suppression.
• a solution to the aforementioned problem of hair loss is provided in the form of a hair care composition
• a hair care composition comprising malvidin or a derivative thereof in a composition form selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, a conditioner, a spray, a mousse, a gel, an oil, a cream, a wax and a lotion.
• Malvidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin of empirical chemical formula C17H15O7+ highly abundant in nature. It is primarily responsible for the color of red wine, Vitis vinifera being one of its sources. It is also one of the anthocyanidins responsible for the blue pigment found in the Primula polyanthus plant.
• the lUPAC name for malvidin is 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)chromenium and has the following chemical structure:
• the malvidin or a derivative thereof may be in the form of an aqueous extract of any one of the group consisting of a Vitis vinifera grape skin, a Primula polyanthus flower and a Malva sylvestris flower.
• the malvidin or a derivative thereof is in the weight range 0.00001 to 30 %, preferably 0.0001 to 15 %, most preferably 0.001 to 5 % by weight of the composition.
• Derivatives include glycosides such as glucosides or galactosides, acyl and malonyl derivatives. Specific derivatives are malvin, a diglucoside of malvidin, oenin, a 3- glucoside of malvidin found in the skin of purple grapes, and primulin, a 3- galactoside of malvidin. Malvin is found as a pigment in herbs like Malva (Malva sylvestris), Primula and Rhodoendron.
• a hair care composition comprising malvidin or a derivative thereof and an ingredient selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant, a fatty material, a suspending agent, a silicone, an anti-dandruff agent, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a zwitlerionic surfactant and a fragrance.
• a cosmetic method for stimulating hair growth comprising the step of applying the hair care composition of the first or second aspects of the invention to a scalp or hair of a person in need thereof.
• a cosmetic method for increasing hair fibre density comprising the step of applying the hair care composition of the first or second aspects of the invention to a scalp or hair of a person in need thereof.
• a cosmetic method for increasing hair fibre diameter comprising the step of applying the hair care composition of the first or second aspects of the invention to a scalp or hair of a person in need thereof.
• a cosmetic method for retaining hair or reducing hair loss is provided, the method the step of comprising applying the hair care composition of the first or second aspects of the invention to a scalp or hair of a person in need thereof.
• a cosmetic method for preventing or treating alopecia comprising the step of applying the hair care composition of the first or second aspects of the invention to a scalp or hair of a person in need thereof.
• a cosmetic method for stimulating anagen induction comprising the step of applying the hair care composition of the first or second aspects of the invention to a scalp or hair of a person in need thereof.
• the final product form of the hair care compositions according to the invention may suitably be, for example, shampoos, conditioners, sprays, mousses, gels, oils, creams, waxes or lotions.
• Particularly preferred product forms are leave-in products, especially post-wash conditioners (leave-in) and hair treatment products such as hair essences.
• Conditioner compositions usually comprise one or more conditioning surfactants, which are cosmetically acceptable and suitable for topical application to the hair.
• Suitable conditioning surfactants are selected from cationic surfactants, used singly or in a mixture.
• Cationic surfactants useful in compositions of the invention contain amino or quaternary ammonium hydrophilic moieties, which are positively charged when, dissolved in the aqueous composition of the present invention.
• the most preferred cationic surfactants for conditioner compositions of the present invention are monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds in which the alkyl chain length is C16 to C22.
• Suitable cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium compounds, particularly trimethyl quaternary compounds.
• Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds include cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTAC), cetylpyridinium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, octyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, octyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, decyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, tallowtrimethylammonium chloride, cocotrimethylammonium chloride, PEG-2 oleyl
• cationic surfactants include those materials having the CTFA designations Quaternium-5, Quaternium-31 and Quaternium-18. Mixtures of any of the foregoing materials may also be suitable.
• a particularly useful cationic surfactant for use in hair conditioners of the invention is cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, available commercially, for example as GENAMIN CTAC, ex Hoechst Celanese.
• Salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary fatty amines are also suitable cationic surfactants.
• the level of cationic surfactant is preferably from 0.01 to 10, more preferably 0.05 to 5, most preferably 0.1 to 2 % w/w of the total composition.
• Conditioner compositions of the invention preferably additionally comprise fatty materials.
• fatty material is meant a fatty alcohol, an alkoxylated fatty alcohol, a fatty acid, a glyceride, glycerol, plant unsaponifiables or a mixture thereof.
• Representative fatty alcohols comprise from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 22.
• Fatty alcohols are typically compounds containing straight chain alkyl groups. Examples of suitable fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and mixtures thereof. The use of these materials is also advantageous in that they contribute to the overall conditioning properties of the composition.
• Ethoxylated fatty alcohols having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain can be used in place of, or in addition to, the fatty alcohols themselves. Suitable examples include ethylene glycol cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene (4) cetyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
• the level of fatty alcohol material in conditioners of the invention is suitably from 0.01 to 15, preferably from 0.1 to 10, and more preferably from 0.1 to 5 % w/w.
• the weight ratio of cationic surfactant to fatty alcohol is suitably from 10:1 to 1 :10, preferably from 4:1 to 1 :8, optimally from 1 :1 to 1 :7, for example 1 :3.
• the hair care compositions especially if it is a shampoo, further comprises from 0.1 to 5 % w/w of a suspending agent.
• Suitable suspending agents are selected from polyacrylic acids, cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid with a hydrophobic monomer, copolymers of carboxylic acid-containing monomers and acrylic esters, cross-linked copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylate esters, heteropolysaccharide gums and crystalline long chain acyl derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
• the long chain acyl derivative is desirably selected from ethylene glycol stearate, alkanolamides of fatty acids having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof.
• Polyacrylic acid is available commercially as Carbopol 420, Carbopol 488 or Carbopol 493.
• Polymers of acrylic acid cross-linked with a polyfunctional agent may also be used; they are available commercially as Carbopol 910, Carbopol 934, Carbopol 941 and Carbopol 980.
• An example of a suitable copolymer of a carboxylic acid containing monomer and acrylic acid esters is Carbopol 1342. All Carbopol (trademark) materials are available from Goodrich.
• Suitable cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid and acrylate esters are Pemulen TR1 or Pemulen TR2 (both available from Lubrizol).
• a suitable heteropolysaccharide gum is xanthan gum. Silicone Conditioning Agents
• the hair care compositions of the invention can contain emulsified droplets of a silicone-conditioning agent for enhancing conditioning performance.
• Suitable silicones include polydiorganosiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes which have the CTFA designation dimethicone.
• polydimethylsiloxanes which have the CTFA designation dimethicone.
• polydimethyl siloxanes having hydroxyl end groups which have the CTFA designation dimethiconol.
• silicone gums having a slight degree of cross-linking as are described for example in WO 96/31 188.
• Suitable pre-formed silicone emulsions include dimethiconol emulsions DC2-1766, DC2-1784, DC-1785, DC-1786 and DC-1788, all available from Dow Corning. Also suitable are amodimethicone emulsions such as DC2-8177 and DC939 (from Dow Corning) and SME253 (from GE Silicones).
• a further preferred class of silicones for inclusion in shampoos and conditioners of the invention have at least one amino functional group.
• the total amount of silicone is preferably from 0.01 to 10 of the total composition more preferably from 0.3 to 5, most preferably 0.5 to 3 % w/w is a suitable level .
• the hair care compositions according to the present invention may also comprise a dispersed, non-volatile, water-insoluble oily conditioning agent.
• insoluble is meant that the material is not soluble in water (distilled or equivalent) at a concentration of 0.1 % w/w at 25°C.
• Suitable oily or fatty materials are selected from hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters and mixtures thereof.
• the hair care compositions of the present invention may also contain adjuvants suitable for hair care. Generally such ingredients are included individually at a level of up to 2, preferably up to 1 % w/w of the total composition.
• Suitable hair care adjuvants include amino acids, sugars and ceramides. Particularly preferred are anti-dandruff agents, especially those comprising zinc, such as zinc pyrithione (ZnPTO). A further preferred ingredient is climbazole. Styling Polymers
• the hair styling polymer if present, is preferably present in the hair care compositions of the invention in an amount of from 0.001 to 10, more preferably from 0.1 to 10 by weight, such as from 1 to 8 % w/w.
• Hair styling polymers are well known. Suitable hair styling polymers include commercially available polymers that contain moieties that render the polymers cationic, anionic, amphoteric or nonionic in nature. Suitable hair styling polymers include, for example, block and graft copolymers. The polymers may be synthetic or naturally derived.
• Shampoo compositions preferably comprise one or more cleansing surfactants, which are cosmetically acceptable and suitable for topical application to the hair. Further surfactants may be present as emulsifiers.
• Suitable cleansing surfactants are selected from anionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
• the cleansing surfactant may be the same surfactant as the emulsifier, or may be different.
• Shampoo compositions according to the invention will typically comprise one or more anionic cleansing surfactants, which are cosmetically acceptable and suitable for topical application to the hair.
• anionic cleansing surfactants are the alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkanoyl isethionates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, N-alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates and alpha-olefin sulphonates, especially their sodium, magnesium, ammonium and mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts.
• Typical anionic cleansing surfactants for use in shampoo compositions of the invention include sodium oleyl sulpho succinate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauryl isethionate and sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate.
• the most preferred anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium lauryl ether sulphate (n)EO (where n ranges from 1 to 3), ammonium lauryl sulphate and ammonium lauryl ether sulphate (n)EO (where n ranges from 1 to 3).
• the total amount of anionic cleansing surfactant in shampoo compositions of the invention is generally from 5 to 30, preferably from 6 to 20, more preferably from 8 to 16 % w/w.
• the shampoo composition can optionally include co-surfactants, preferably an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant, which can be included in an amount ranging from 0 to about 8, preferably from 1 to 4 % w/w.
• co-surfactants preferably an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant, which can be included in an amount ranging from 0 to about 8, preferably from 1 to 4 % w/w.
• amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants include, alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulphobetaines (sultaines), alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkylamphoglycinates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates, wherein the alkyl and acyl groups have from 8 to 19 carbon atoms.
• Typical amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants for use in shampoo compositions of the invention include lauryl amine oxide, cocodi methyl sulphopropyl betaine and preferably lauryl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium cocamphopropionate.
• Another preferred co-surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, which can be included in an amount ranging from 0 to 8, preferably from 2 to 5 % w/w.
• APG alkyl polyglycosides
• an APG is one which comprises an alkyl group connected (optionally via a bridging group) to a block of one or more glycosyl groups.
• Preferred APGs are defined by the following formula:
• RO - (G)n wherein R is a branched or straight chain C5 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl group, G is a saccharide group and n is from 1 to 10.
• the shampoo composition can also optionally include one or more cationic co- surfactants included in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10, more preferably from 0.05 to 5, most preferably from 0.05 to 2 % w/w.
• cationic co- surfactants included in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10, more preferably from 0.05 to 5, most preferably from 0.05 to 2 % w/w.
• Useful cationic surfactants are described hereinbelow in relation to conditioner compositions.
• the total amount of surfactant (including any co-surfactant, and/or any emulsifier) in shampoo compositions of the invention is generally from 5 to 50, preferably from 5 to 30, more preferably from 10 to 25 % w/w.
• a cationic surfactant is a preferred ingredient in compositions of the invention for enhancing conditioning performance.
• Suitable cationic conditioning surfactants include cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, octyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, octyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, decyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, tallowtrimethylammonium chloride, dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (e.g., Arquad
• amidoamines useful herein include stearamido-propyldimethylamine, stearamidopropyldiethylamine, stearamidoethyldiethylamine, stearamidoethyldimethylamine, palmitamidopropyldimethylamine, palmitamidopropyldiethylamine, palmitamidoethyldiethylamine, palmitamidoethyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldiethylmine, behenamidoethyldiethylamine, behenamidoethyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldiethyl
• the acid may be any organic or mineral acid which is capable of protonating the amidoamine in the hair care composition thus forming a tertiary amine salt which is in effect is a non-permanent quaternary ammonium or pseudo-quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant.
• Suitable acids useful herein include hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• the acid is included in a sufficient amount to protonate all the amidoamine present.
• Cationic polymers are preferred ingredients for enhancing conditioning performance.
• Suitable cationic polymers may be homopolymers which are cationically substituted or may be formed from two or more types of monomers.
• the weight average (Mw) molecular weight of the polymers will generally be between 100 000 and 2 million daltons.
• Cationic polymer will generally be present in a shampoo composition at levels of from 0.01 to 5%, preferably from 0.05 to 1 %, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.5% w/w of the composition.
• Suitable cationic polymers include, for example, cationic polysaccharide polymers, copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities with water soluble spacer monomers such as (meth)acrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl (meth)acrylamides, alkyl (meth)acrylate, vinyl caprolactone and vinyl pyrrolidine.
• the alkyl and dialkyl substituted monomers preferably have C1 -C7 alkyl groups, more preferably C1 -3 alkyl groups.
• Other suitable spacers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol.
• the cationic surfactant or polymer will generally be present in compositions of the invention at levels of from 0.01 to 5, preferably from 0.05 to 1 , more preferably from 0.08 to 0.5 % w/w.
• the combined use of fatty alcohols and cationic surfactants in conditioning compositions is believed to be especially advantageous, because this leads to the formation of a lamellar phase, in which the cationic surfactant is dispersed.
• the weight ratio of cationic surfactant to fatty alcohol is suitably from 1 :1 to 1 :10, preferably from 1 :1 .5 to 1 :8, optimally from 1 :2 to 1 :5. If the weight ratio of cationic surfactant to fatty alcohol is too high, this can lead to eye irritancy from the composition. If it is too low, it can make the hair feel squeaky for some consumers.
• a hair care compositions of the invention may contain other ingredients for enhancing performance and/or consumer acceptability.
• Such ingredients include fragrance, dyes and pigments, pH adjusting agents, pearlescers or opacifiers, viscosity modifiers, and preservatives or antimicrobials.
• Each of these ingredients will be present in an amount effective to accomplish its purpose.
• these optional ingredients are included individually at a level of up to 5% w/w of the composition.
• Hair care compositions according to the invention are produced using methods known to the person skilled in the art.
• Example 1 A hair growth solution composition according to the invention (% weight)
• Example 2 A hair growth lotion composition according to the invention
• Example 3 ln-vitro increase in fibroblast cell growth with malvidin
• the assay described hereinbelow looks at the effect of an active on potentiation of cell growth in a low nutrient environment, ie at the effects of the active on cell growth factors which are mitogenic, rather than on the identification of an active which itself is mitogenic.
• DMSO dimethylsulphoxide
• FCS foetal calf serum
• Fibroblast cells from the NIH3T3D4 cell line (European collection of animal cell cultures, Health Protection Agency Porton Down, England) were cultured in DMEM media in the absence of antibiotics. The cells were removed using 10 mL of 0.25 % w/w trypsin and 0.038 % w/v EDTA in Hank's medium for 5 minutes, 10 mL DMEM containing 10 % v/v FCS was added and the cells were spun down at 1000 rpm for 2 minutes. After removing the medium the cells were washed in 10 mL of DMEM containing 10 % v/v FCS and spun at 1000 rpm for 2 minutes.
• the cells were then resuspended in 10 mL of DMEM containing 10% v/v FCS and counted using a cell counting chamber.
• a suspension of cells containing 5000 cells per 100 ⁇ (50,000 cells per mL) was prepared and 100 ⁇ of the cell suspension was plated out into a 96 well plate. The cells were allowed to adhere overnight in an incubator at 37 degrees centigrade in an atmosphere of 5% v/v CO 2 in air.
• test solution containing 1 , 0.1 and 0.01 ig malvidin per mL DMSO/DMEM/FCS with or without 10 ⁇ glibenclamide (a potassium ion channel blocker) and 0.1 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA is a potassium ion channel blocker which directly binds to the channel) was added to each of eight wells. Fresh media containing malvidin was added every day for 5 days.
• Table 1 The effect of malvidin on fibroblast cell growth and potassium channel opening (the results represent the mean with the SD (standard deviation) for 8 replicates; malvidin only, and malvidin and inhibitor combinations that are significantly different from the controls as measured by the Students t-test are shown as * P ⁇ 0.05).
• malvidin is a potassium channel opener and this leads to fibroblast cell growth.

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  • 2011-07-04 CN CN2011800330542A patent/CN103002871A/zh active Pending
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