EP2589706A1 - Excavating machine comprising a steering tube that enables the rotation of the chassis - Google Patents

Excavating machine comprising a steering tube that enables the rotation of the chassis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2589706A1
EP2589706A1 EP12190421.3A EP12190421A EP2589706A1 EP 2589706 A1 EP2589706 A1 EP 2589706A1 EP 12190421 A EP12190421 A EP 12190421A EP 2589706 A1 EP2589706 A1 EP 2589706A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide tube
frame
excavating machine
machine according
movable portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12190421.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2589706B1 (en
Inventor
Bertrand Steff De Verninac
Michel COUDRY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Soletanche Freyssinet SA filed Critical Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Priority to EP19181576.0A priority Critical patent/EP3569774B1/en
Publication of EP2589706A1 publication Critical patent/EP2589706A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2589706B1 publication Critical patent/EP2589706B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/3604—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
    • E02F3/3677—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like allowing movement, e.g. rotation or translation, of the tool around or along another axis as the movement implied by the boom or arms, e.g. for tilting buckets
    • E02F3/3681—Rotators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/46—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor
    • E02F3/47—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor with grab buckets
    • E02F3/475—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor with grab buckets for making foundation slots

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of soil excavation tools, and more particularly, but not exclusively, excavation machines type grab.
  • Clams also called buckets, are generally used to make walls in the ground, for example molded or prefabricated walls. They can also be used to make sealing screens or bars.
  • Clamshells traditionally comprise a frame which are articulated two buckets, also called “pockets", arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane.
  • Each bucket conventionally consists of two side walls that extend on either side of a concave geometry back, so as to form a kind of trough.
  • the buckets can be swiveled by pivoting arms, actuated by jacks or cables, to open and close the clamshell.
  • the buckets are provided with teeth.
  • US 7,685,749 discloses a hydraulically actuated clamshell having a rotating joint for distributing the hydraulic oil in the bucket.
  • the upper part of the rotary joint is fixed in order to keep the alignment of the hydraulic hoses with a circular distribution chamber, while the lower part is free to turn around a vertical axis.
  • This rotary joint can be motorized.
  • the rotary joint is mounted between the lower end of a telescopic tube and the upper end of the frame.
  • a disadvantage of the rotary joint is its rapid wear that may lead to leakage of hydraulic oils, which are likely to mix with the drilling mud and pollute the soil.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an excavating machine having a simplified mechanism for rotating the excavating device about a longitudinal axis.
  • the pivoting of the frame about the longitudinal axis is achieved when the frame is in the coupled position by virtue of the rotation of the movable portion of the guide tube.
  • the frame In the coupled position, the frame is guided in rotation by the movable portion of the guide tube, whereby it is possible to control the rotation of the frame.
  • the coupling device of the movable portion rotates about the longitudinal axis of the guide tube so as to rotate the guide member, and therefore the frame, about this longitudinal axis.
  • the coupling device and the coupling member may advantageously have a mechanically simple structure, for example a square section bar and a square section tube.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it also guides the excavating device during its introduction into the trench, and to avoid a deviation of the path of the excavating device. It is clear that the user of such a machine most often seeks to build a trench that is vertical over its entire height. The control of the trajectory is therefore an important aspect of an excavation operation, especially when the chassis is mounted pendulously at the end of cables.
  • the invention provides a simple and effective solution to this problem.
  • the guide tube is connected to the mast by means of an upper gimbal.
  • the operation of excavating the trench is performed when the frame is in the decoupled or partially decoupled position. Still more preferably, the transition to the decoupled position is performed at the moment when the excavating device enters the trench or at least is introduced between guide walls disposed at the entrance of the trench.
  • the mobile part is a telescopic tube, which makes it possible, for example, to facilitate the emptying of the buckets above a truck when the excavating machine is a grab bucket.
  • the coupling device of the movable portion of the guide tube is also coaxial with the longitudinal axis so that the coupling member of the frame and the coupling device of the movable portion of the guide tube are coaxial.
  • the frame is suspended from the mast by means of at least one lift cable, and the displacement of the lift cable makes it possible to pass the chassis between its coupled position and its decoupled position.
  • the lift cable is fixed to the coupling member and extends inside the guide tube.
  • the guide tube surrounds the lift cable.
  • the excavating machine according to the invention further comprises a motor means fixed to the guide tube for rotating the movable portion of the guide tube relative to the fixed part, and the movable portion of the guide tube is arranged. below the fixed part of the guide tube.
  • the motor means is attached to the fixed portion of the guide tube.
  • the motor means is for example an electric motor.
  • the coupling member is a bar which, in the coupled position, engages in shape cooperation with the movable portion of the guide tube, whereas in the decoupled position, the bar is in position. outside the moving part of the guide tube.
  • the lower end of the movable portion advantageously has a divergent flared shape to facilitate the engagement of the bar in the movable portion of the guide tube.
  • the coupling member is fixed to the frame by means of a gimbal.
  • the excavating machine is a grab bucket.
  • the excavating device comprises two buckets pivotally mounted with respect to the chassis, the buckets being actuated by means of an actuating mechanism arranged in the chassis.
  • the grab is of the hydraulic type.
  • the actuating mechanism comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder fed by at least one hydraulic pipe, and wherein the fixed part of the guide tube has an upper end provided with at least one upper arm, while the part movable guide tube has at least one lower arm, the hydraulic pipe being held at least by the upper and lower arms.
  • the actuating mechanism is fed by at least two hydraulic lines which extend on either side of the guide tube.
  • the upper and lower arms are provided with articulated pulleys.
  • the articulated pulleys serve to guide the displacement and the deformation of the hydraulic pipe during the pivoting of the frame around the longitudinal axis of the guide tube.
  • the articulated pulleys also serve to guide the unwinding of the hydraulic pipe during the transition from the coupled position to the decoupled position, and during the descent of the chassis into the ground.
  • An interest is to maintain the (or) hydraulic pipe away from the guide tube during the rotation of the frame to prevent it from rubbing against the guide tube, which would damage it.
  • the guide tube comprises an intermediate portion located between the upper and lower arms, the intermediate part comprising at least one articulated intermediate arm which holds the hydraulic pipe in such a way that the portion of hydraulic pipe which extends between the upper and lower arm is guided in rotation during a rotation of the movable portion relative to the fixed part of the guide tube.
  • the presence of the intermediate arm makes it possible to further improve the maintenance of the hydraulic pipe remote from the guide tube.
  • the intermediate arm is secured to the fixed portion of the guide tube.
  • the frame has a non-pivoted orientation in which the upper and lower arms are aligned angularly extending on the same side of the guide tube, and a pivoted orientation in which the lower arm and the frame have pivoted by one half. turn relative to the upper arm.
  • the transition between the rotated orientation and the non-rotated orientation is effected when the frame is in the coupled position, by rotating the movable portion of the guide tube 180 ° about its longitudinal axis.
  • the passage between the pivoted orientation and the non-pivoted orientation is achieved through the motor means.
  • the grab is of the mechanical type.
  • the actuating mechanism is actuated by an actuating cable which extends inside the coupling member.
  • the buckets of the clamshell are brought into closed position when pulling on the actuating cable to raise it vertically towards the upper end of the mast. Conversely, the clamshell buckets are brought into the open position when the actuation cable is released.
  • This actuation cable extends in the longitudinal direction of the guide tube being substantially parallel to the lift cable.
  • the actuating cable and the lifting cable both extend inside the guide tube.
  • only the actuating cable extends inside the coupling member of the frame.
  • the coupling member is provided with a cable guide for holding the actuating cable away from the walls of the coupling member, in order to avoid wear of the actuating cable.
  • a bucket emptying step is carried out after raising the frame in the coupled position.
  • the frame is brought into the coupled position when the excavating device leaves the trench, and is brought into the uncoupled position when the excavation device enters the trench.
  • the excavating machine is a clamshell 10 which comprises a hoist, in this case a crawler carrier 12, equipped with a mast 14 at the upper end of which is suspended a frame 16, by means of one or more levitation cables 18.
  • the frame comprises an upper part 16a and a lower part 16b which carry an excavating device 20.
  • the excavation device consists of two buckets 22 mounted pivotally relative to the frame 16, the buckets 22 being actuated by an actuating mechanism 24 disposed in the frame 16. in a known manner, the buckets 22 can be in the closed position as shown in FIG. figure 1 or in the open position in which the two buckets are distant from each other.
  • the frame and the lift cable 18 extend in a substantially vertical direction.
  • the excavating machine 10 further comprises a guide tube 30 which is mounted at the upper end 14a of the mast and which extends along a longitudinal axis A directed towards the ground.
  • a guide tube 30 which is mounted at the upper end 14a of the mast and which extends along a longitudinal axis A directed towards the ground.
  • This longitudinal axis is substantially vertical in this example.
  • This guide tube comprises a fixed part 32 which is fixed to the mast and more exactly to the upper end of the mast, and a mobile part 34 in the form of a tube which is rotatable, with respect to the fixed part, around the longitudinal axis A.
  • the excavating machine 10 further comprises a motor means 36 which is fixed to the guide tube for rotating the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 relative to the fixed part 32.
  • the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 is disposed below the fixed portion 32 of the guide tube 30.
  • the drive means is disposed between the fixed portion 32 and the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30.
  • the mobile part 34 of the guide tube 30 comprises a coupling device 38 which is situated in this example at the lower end of the mobile part 34.
  • the lower end of the movable portion 34 is open and has a divergent flared shape.
  • the coupling device 38 of the guide tube 34 is constituted by the lower end 34a of the movable portion of the guide tube.
  • the section of the lower portion 34a of the movable portion of the guide tube has a square section.
  • the upper portion 16a of the frame comprises a bar-shaped coupling member 40 which extends vertically from the upper end of the frame.
  • the coupling member 40 is coaxial with the longitudinal axis A. It is added that the frame is provided for pivoting about the axis of the coupling member 40, that is to say around of the longitudinal axis A.
  • the cross section of the coupling member is square.
  • the dimensions of the section of the coupling member 40 correspond substantially to the dimensions of the section of the coupling device 38, or are slightly smaller, so that the coupling member 40 can be introduced into the moving part. of the guide tube 34 via the coupling device 38, that is to say via the opening in the lower end of the movable portion of the guide tube.
  • the section of the coupling member is identical over its entire length, although this is not essential.
  • the combination of the coupling member 40 and the coupling device 38 forms a mechanical coupling system in which the coupling member forms the male part while the coupling device 38 forms the female part.
  • the male and female parts could be reversed.
  • the frame 16 has a coupled position in which the coupling member 40 is rotatably coupled with the coupling device 38 of the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 to allow the frame to pivot around the frame.
  • longitudinal axis A through the rotation of the movable portion of the guide tube 30.
  • the rotation of the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 is achieved by the motor means 36, which is in this example constituted by an electric motor.
  • the frame 16 also has a decoupled position in which the coupling member 40 is decoupled from the coupling device 38 of the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30. In the decoupled position, the coupling member 40 is outside the mobile part 34 of the guide tube 30 as can be seen in particular on the figure 4 .
  • the displacement of the lift cable 18 allows the chassis 16 to pass between its coupled position and its decoupled position.
  • the passage from the position coupled to the decoupled position is done by lowering the frame, thus releasing the lift cable 18, while the passage between the decoupled position and the coupled position is made by raising the chassis, that is to say by pulling on the lift cable 18.
  • the lifting cable 18 is fixed to the upper end 40a of the coupling member 40.
  • the lifting cable 18 extends inside the guide tube 30.
  • the motor means 36 further has an axial recess for the passage of cable and in particular the lift cable 18.
  • the frame 16 is adapted to be pivoted about the longitudinal axis A. More specifically, the frame 16 has a non-directional orientation. pivoted in which the frame 16 has not pivoted about its longitudinal axis A, and a pivoted position in which the frame has rotated 180 ° about the longitudinal axis A through the rotation of the movable portion 34 of the tube guidance 30.
  • Figures 2 to 8 Will now be described an example of soil excavation process carried out by using the excavating machine according to the invention.
  • the frame is brought over the area where it is desired to make a trench.
  • the floor is previously equipped with guide walls 50 which define the thickness of the trench to be made.
  • the frame 16 is lowered so as to bring the excavation device 20 into contact with the ground.
  • the frame 16 is brought from its coupled position of the figure 2 to its decoupled position while the excavating device is introduced between the guide walls 50 which flank the buckets 22.
  • the frame is shown in the decoupled position, that is to say that the bar 40 forming the body of coupling has moved vertically with respect to the movable portion of the guide tube which remains fixed so as to exit out of the movable portion of the guide tube.
  • the buckets are actuated to perform the excavation of a trench in the ground.
  • the chassis is in decoupled position.
  • the frame 16 After closing the buckets 22, the frame 16 is raised so as to bring the chassis into the coupled position as shown in FIG. figure 5 . In this position, the frame has a non-rotated orientation.
  • the coupling member 40 has a length of between 4 and 8 meters, preferably about 6 meters. This length may be different provided that it is sufficient for the coupling member 40 to be coupled again to the coupling device 38 when the buckets are at the entrance of the trench (for example at the level of guide webs arranged on both sides of the entrance to the trench). In addition, in the high position, the buckets must be able to empty into a construction dump truck.
  • the excavating machine 10 consists of a mechanical type grab bucket. This is illustrated in particular on Figures 2 to 8 .
  • the actuating mechanism 24 which is housed in the frame 16 is actuated by an actuating cable 60 which extends in a vertical direction parallel to the lift cable 18.
  • This actuating cable 60 also extends inside the guide tube 30.
  • the actuating cable 60 further extends inside the coupling member 40 so as to be connected to the coupling mechanism. 24.
  • the upper end of the coupling member 40 is further provided with a cable guide 62 for guiding the movement of the actuating cable 60 inside the coupling member 40.
  • Cable guide 62 is for example provided with rotary rollers.
  • the grab is of the hydraulic type.
  • the actuating mechanism 124 which is housed in the chassis 16 comprises a pair of hydraulic cylinders 126. These cylinders 126, which enable the buckets 22 to be pivoted , are fed by at least one hydraulic pipe 128.
  • the actuating mechanism 124 comprises two hydraulic cylinders 126, which are fed by a first hydraulic line 128.
  • a second hydraulic line 128 ' is provided for the return of hydraulic fluid.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 126 are therefore connected to the first and second hydraulic lines 128,128 '.
  • the second embodiment of the clamshell also comprises a guide tube 30 which comprises a fixed part 32 fixed to the upper end of the mast 14a and a movable part 34.
  • the excavating machine 100 further comprises a means motor 36, for example a hydraulic motor, fixed to the fixed portion of the guide tube which rotates the movable portion 34 relative to the fixed portion 32 of the guide tube 30.
  • the fixed portion of the guide tube has a cylindrical shape which extends in the longitudinal direction A and which has an upper end 32a provided with a pair of upper arms 170, 172 which extend radially on either side of the upper end 32a of the fixed part 32.
  • the mobile part 34a comprises a pair of lower arms 174, 176 which also extend radially on either side of the movable part 34.
  • the upper arms 170, 172 and the lower arms 174, 176 are provided with articulated pulleys 180 referenced that guide the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 '.
  • the hydraulic lines 128, 128 ' extend vertically from reels 182 mounted at the upper end 14a of the mast 14 to the actuating mechanism 124 housed in the frame 16, passing through the pulleys 180 of the arms 170, 172, then by the pulleys 180 of the lower arms 174, 176 before descending vertically to the frame.
  • the frame is in the decoupled position, the bar 40 acting as a coupling member being located outside the coupling device 38 of the movable portion of the guide tube.
  • the same grab is shown in a configuration where the frame 16 is in the coupled position, the bar 40 being introduced into the coupling device 38 of the movable portion of the guide tube. In these two positions, the frame has a non-pivoted orientation. It is also noted that the bar 40 is connected to the frame via a cardan 41.
  • first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 ' are parallel and extend on either side of the guide tube and the bar 40.
  • a pair of articulated intermediate arms 184 in which the hydraulic lines pass and which are arranged on an intermediate portion 33 of the guide tube 30, this intermediate portion 33 being located between the upper arms 170, 172 and the lower arms 174, 176.
  • the intermediate portion is located on the fixed portion of the guide tube, about halfway along the latter.
  • the intermediate arms 184, 186 which are articulated are intended to maintain the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 ' so that the portion of the hydraulic lines which extends between the upper arms and the lower arms is guided in rotation during a rotation of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion of the guide tube.
  • the intermediate arms 184, 186 are provided with pulleys through which pass the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 '.
  • the chassis of the clamshell 100 is shown in an orientation pivoted by a half-turn around the longitudinal axis A.
  • This pivoted orientation is obtained by pivoting 180 ° of the movable part 34 while the frame is in position. coupled position. Thanks to the pulleys 180 and articulated intermediate arms, the hydraulic pipe portions that extend between the upper and lower arms are kept at a distance from the fixed portion of the guide tube 30 and tend to remain substantially straight. This minimizes the bending of hydraulic lines 128 so as to prevent damage. It is also noted that the portions of the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 ' which extend between the lower arms 176, 174 and the frame 16 remain vertical and parallel to each other.
  • the invention allows a rotation of a half-turn of the frame of the hydraulic grab bucket without damaging the hydraulic lines.
  • the upper and lower arms are angularly aligned while extending on the same side of the guide tube while in the rotated orientation of the figure 11 ,
  • the lower arms 174, 176 have rotated half a turn relative to the upper arms 170, 172.
  • an intermediate arm 186 the intermediate arm can be pivoted around two vertical axes X1, X2 and about a horizontal axis X 3, which allows a joint of the intermediate arm in three different axes.
  • the intermediate arm 186 is also provided with a pulley 188 traversed by the hydraulic pipe 128 (and / or 128 '). It is therefore understood that the intermediate arms can accompany the rotation of the hydraulic lines during the pivoting of the frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The machine has a guide tube (30) mounted at an upper end of a mast of a carrier track. A frame is suspended on the mast, and includes a lower part (16b) carrying an excavation device (20) and an upper part (16a) with a coupling element (40) coaxial to a longitudinal axis. The frame is moved between a coupled position in which the element is rotatively coupled with a coupling device (38) of a moving part (34) i.e. telescopic tube, of the tube to pivot the frame around the axis by rotating the moving part, and an uncoupled position in which the element is uncoupled from the coupling device. An independent claim is also included for a method for excavating a ground by using an excavation machine.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des outillages d'excavation de sol, et plus particulièrement, mais pas exclusivement, les machines d'excavation de type benne preneuse.The present invention relates to the field of soil excavation tools, and more particularly, but not exclusively, excavation machines type grab.

Les bennes preneuses, appelées également bennes, sont généralement utilisées pour réaliser des parois dans le sol, par exemple des parois moulées ou préfabriquées. Elles peuvent également être utilisées pour réaliser des écrans d'étanchéité ou des barrettes.Clams, also called buckets, are generally used to make walls in the ground, for example molded or prefabricated walls. They can also be used to make sealing screens or bars.

Les bennes preneuses comportent traditionnellement un châssis auquel sont articulés deux godets, également appelés « poches », disposés de manière symétrique par rapport à un plan vertical. Chacun des godets est classiquement constitué de deux parois latérales qui s'étendent de part et d'autre d'un dos à géométrie concave, de manière à former une sorte d'auge. Les godets peuvent pivoter grâce à des bras pivotants, actionnés par des vérins ou par des câbles, de manière à ouvrir et fermer la benne preneuse. Les godets sont pourvus de dents.Clamshells traditionally comprise a frame which are articulated two buckets, also called "pockets", arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane. Each bucket conventionally consists of two side walls that extend on either side of a concave geometry back, so as to form a kind of trough. The buckets can be swiveled by pivoting arms, actuated by jacks or cables, to open and close the clamshell. The buckets are provided with teeth.

Certaines machines d'excavation, et notamment les bennes preneuses, comportent un châssis dont l'extrémité inférieure porte un dispositif d'excavation asymétrique. Dans le cas des bennes, cette asymétrie est due au fait que les godets ne comportent pas le même nombre de dents. Cette configuration particulière est imposée par le fait que les dents doivent se chevaucher lorsque les godets sont en position fermée. L'asymétrie des bennes preneuses provoque une déviation verticale non souhaitée du dispositif d'excavation. Pour compenser ce phénomène, il est connu de faire pivoter d'un demi-tour le dispositif d'excavation autour d'un axe vertical, de préférence entre chaque étape d'excavation.Some excavating machines, and particularly clamshell buckets, have a chassis whose lower end carries an asymmetrical excavation device. In the case of skips, this asymmetry is due to the fact that the buckets do not have the same number of teeth. This particular configuration is imposed by the fact that the teeth must overlap when the cups are in the closed position. The asymmetry of the grabs causes an undesired vertical deflection of the digging device. To compensate for this phenomenon, it is known to rotate the excavation device by half a turn about a vertical axis, preferably between each excavation step.

Pour certaines machines, comme par exemple dans le cas des bennes à actionnement mécanique, ce pivotement est généralement réalisé manuellement. Dans d'autres machines d'excavation, il est prévu un moteur permettant de faire pivoter le châssis portant le dispositif d'excavation.For some machines, as for example in the case of mechanically actuated skips, this pivoting is usually done manually. In other excavating machines, there is provided a motor for pivoting the frame carrying the excavating device.

Par exemple, US 7 685 749 décrit une benne preneuse à actionnement hydraulique comprenant un joint tournant qui permet de distribuer l'huile hydraulique dans la benne. Dans ce type de configuration, la partie supérieure du joint tournant est fixe afin de conserver l'alignement des flexibles hydrauliques avec une chambre de distribution circulaire, tandis que la partie inférieure est libre de tourner autour d'un axe vertical. Ce joint tournant peut être motorisé.For example, US 7,685,749 discloses a hydraulically actuated clamshell having a rotating joint for distributing the hydraulic oil in the bucket. In this type of configuration, the upper part of the rotary joint is fixed in order to keep the alignment of the hydraulic hoses with a circular distribution chamber, while the lower part is free to turn around a vertical axis. This rotary joint can be motorized.

Dans EP 0 872 596 , le joint tournant est montée entre l'extrémité inférieure d'un tube télescopique et l'extrémité supérieure du châssis.In EP 0 872 596 , the rotary joint is mounted between the lower end of a telescopic tube and the upper end of the frame.

Un inconvénient du joint tournant est son usure rapide qui risque d'entrainer des fuites d'huiles hydrauliques, lesquelles sont susceptibles de se mélanger à la boue de forage et de polluer le sol.A disadvantage of the rotary joint is its rapid wear that may lead to leakage of hydraulic oils, which are likely to mix with the drilling mud and pollute the soil.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionObject and summary of the invention

Un but de l'invention est de fournir une machine d'excavation comportant un mécanisme simplifié permettant la rotation du dispositif d'excavation autour d'un axe longitudinal.An object of the invention is to provide an excavating machine having a simplified mechanism for rotating the excavating device about a longitudinal axis.

Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne une machine d'excavation pour la réalisation de tranchées dans le sol comportant :

  • un engin de levage muni d'un mât ;
  • un tube de guidage monté à l'extrémité dudit mât et s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal dirigé vers le sol, le tube de guidage comportant une partie fixe qui est fixée au mât ainsi qu'une partie mobile qui est rotative par rapport à la partie fixe autour de l'axe longitudinal, la partie mobile du tube de guidage ayant un dispositif de couplage ;
  • un châssis, suspendu au mât, ayant une partie inférieure et une partie supérieure, la partie inférieure du châssis portant un dispositif d'excavation tandis que la partie supérieure comporte un organe de couplage coaxial à l'axe longitudinal, le châssis pouvant être déplacé selon ledit axe longitudinal entre :
    • ○ une position couplée dans laquelle l'organe de couplage est couplé en rotation avec le dispositif de couplage de la partie mobile du tube de guidage afin de permettre le pivotement du châssis autour de l'axe longitudinal grâce à la rotation de la partie mobile du tube de guidage, et
    • ○ une position découplée dans laquelle l'organe de couplage est découplé du dispositif de couplage de la partie mobile du tube de guidage.
To this end, the invention relates to an excavation machine for producing trenches in the ground comprising:
  • a hoist equipped with a mast;
  • a guide tube mounted at the end of said mast and extending along a longitudinal axis directed towards the ground, the guide tube having a fixed part which is fixed to the mast and a movable part which is rotatable relative to the a fixed portion about the longitudinal axis, the movable portion of the guide tube having a coupling device;
  • a chassis, suspended from the mast, having a lower part and an upper part, the lower part of the chassis carrying an excavation device while the upper part comprises a coupling member coaxial with the longitudinal axis, the chassis being able to be moved according to said longitudinal axis between:
    • A coupled position in which the coupling member is rotatably coupled with the coupling device of the movable portion of the guide tube to allow pivoting of the frame about the longitudinal axis by rotation of the movable portion of the guide tube, and
    • A decoupled position in which the coupling member is uncoupled from the coupling device of the movable portion of the guide tube.

On comprend donc que le pivotement du châssis autour de l'axe longitudinal, de préférence un axe vertical, est réalisé lorsque le châssis est en position couplé grâce à la rotation de la partie mobile du tube de guidage. En position couplée, le châssis est guidé en rotation par la partie mobile du tube de guidage, grâce à quoi il est possible de maitriser la rotation du châssis.It is thus understood that the pivoting of the frame about the longitudinal axis, preferably a vertical axis, is achieved when the frame is in the coupled position by virtue of the rotation of the movable portion of the guide tube. In the coupled position, the frame is guided in rotation by the movable portion of the guide tube, whereby it is possible to control the rotation of the frame.

Ainsi, selon l'invention, le dispositif de couplage de la partie mobile tourne autour de l'axe longitudinal du tube de guidage de manière à faire tourner l'organe de guidage, et donc le châssis, autour de cet axe longitudinal.Thus, according to the invention, the coupling device of the movable portion rotates about the longitudinal axis of the guide tube so as to rotate the guide member, and therefore the frame, about this longitudinal axis.

Le dispositif de couplage et l'organe de couplage pourront avantageusement présenter une structure mécaniquement simple, par exemple une barre de section carrée et un tube de section carrée.The coupling device and the coupling member may advantageously have a mechanically simple structure, for example a square section bar and a square section tube.

Le fait que l'organe de couplage du châssis soit coaxial à l'axe longitudinal du tube de guidage permet de rendre le système de couplage plus robuste que celui décrit dans EP 0 872 596 .The fact that the coupling member of the frame is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the guide tube makes the coupling system more robust than that described in FIG. EP 0 872 596 .

Un autre intérêt de l'invention est qu'elle permet également de guider le dispositif d'excavation lors de son introduction dans la tranchée, et ce afin d'éviter une déviation de la trajectoire du dispositif d'excavation. On comprend en effet que l'utilisateur d'une telle machine cherche le plus souvent à construire une tranchée qui soit verticale sur toute sa hauteur. Le contrôle de la trajectoire est donc un aspect important d'une opération d'excavation, surtout lorsque le châssis est monté pendulaire à l'extrémité de câbles. L'invention apporte une solution simple et efficace à cette problématique.Another advantage of the invention is that it also guides the excavating device during its introduction into the trench, and to avoid a deviation of the path of the excavating device. It is clear that the user of such a machine most often seeks to build a trench that is vertical over its entire height. The control of the trajectory is therefore an important aspect of an excavation operation, especially when the chassis is mounted pendulously at the end of cables. The invention provides a simple and effective solution to this problem.

De préférence, le tube de guidage est relié au mât par le biais d'un cardan supérieur.Preferably, the guide tube is connected to the mast by means of an upper gimbal.

De préférence, l'opération d'excavation de la tranchée est effectuée lorsque le châssis est en position découplée ou partiellement découplée. Encore de préférence, le passage en position découplée est effectué au moment où le dispositif d'excavation pénètre dans la tranchée ou à tout le moins est introduit entre des murets guides disposés à l'entrée de la tranchée.Preferably, the operation of excavating the trench is performed when the frame is in the decoupled or partially decoupled position. Still more preferably, the transition to the decoupled position is performed at the moment when the excavating device enters the trench or at least is introduced between guide walls disposed at the entrance of the trench.

Selon une variante, la partie mobile est un tube télescopique, ce qui permet par exemple de faciliter le vidage des godets au-dessus d'un camion lorsque la machine d'excavation est une benne preneuse.According to one variant, the mobile part is a telescopic tube, which makes it possible, for example, to facilitate the emptying of the buckets above a truck when the excavating machine is a grab bucket.

De préférence, le dispositif de couplage de la partie mobile du tube de guidage est également coaxial à l'axe longitudinal de sorte que l'organe de couplage du châssis et le dispositif de couplage de la partie mobile du tube de guidage sont coaxiaux.Preferably, the coupling device of the movable portion of the guide tube is also coaxial with the longitudinal axis so that the coupling member of the frame and the coupling device of the movable portion of the guide tube are coaxial.

De manière préférentielle, le châssis est suspendu au mât par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un câble de sustentation, et le déplacement du câble de sustentation permet de faire passer le châssis entre sa position couplée et sa position découplée.Preferably, the frame is suspended from the mast by means of at least one lift cable, and the displacement of the lift cable makes it possible to pass the chassis between its coupled position and its decoupled position.

Avantageusement, le câble de sustentation est fixé à l'organe de couplage et s'étend à l'intérieur du tube de guidage. En d'autres termes, le tube de guidage entoure le câble de sustentation. Par suite, la présence du tube de guidage selon l'invention ne nuit pas au déplacement du câble de sustentation, ni aux opérations d'excavation.Advantageously, the lift cable is fixed to the coupling member and extends inside the guide tube. In other words, the guide tube surrounds the lift cable. As a result, the presence of the guide tube according to the invention does not affect the movement of the lifting cable, nor the excavation operations.

Avantageusement, la machine d'excavation selon l'invention comporte en outre un moyen moteur fixé au tube de guidage pour entrainer en rotation la partie mobile du tube de guidage par rapport à la partie fixe, et la partie mobile du tube de guidage est disposée en dessous de la partie fixe du tube de guidage.Advantageously, the excavating machine according to the invention further comprises a motor means fixed to the guide tube for rotating the movable portion of the guide tube relative to the fixed part, and the movable portion of the guide tube is arranged. below the fixed part of the guide tube.

De préférence, mais pas nécessairement, le moyen moteur est attaché à la partie fixe du tube de guidage. Le moyen moteur est par exemple un moteur électrique.Preferably, but not necessarily, the motor means is attached to the fixed portion of the guide tube. The motor means is for example an electric motor.

Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, l'organe de couplage est une barre qui, en position couplée, vient s'engager par coopération de forme avec la partie mobile du tube de guidage, tandis qu'en position découplée, la barre se situe en dehors de la partie mobile du tube de guidage. Ce mécanisme, particulièrement simple à fabriquer, permet de réaliser l'opération de couplage sans intervention extérieure autre que le déplacement longitudinal du châssis (par exemple par le déplacement du câble de sustentation).According to a preferred embodiment, the coupling member is a bar which, in the coupled position, engages in shape cooperation with the movable portion of the guide tube, whereas in the decoupled position, the bar is in position. outside the moving part of the guide tube. This mechanism, particularly simple to manufacture, allows the coupling operation without external intervention other than the longitudinal movement of the frame (for example by moving the lift cable).

Pour améliorer l'opération de couplage, l'extrémité inférieure de la partie mobile présente avantageusement une forme évasée divergente pour faciliter l'engagement de la barre dans la partie mobile du tube de guidage.To improve the coupling operation, the lower end of the movable portion advantageously has a divergent flared shape to facilitate the engagement of the bar in the movable portion of the guide tube.

Pour améliorer encore l'opération de couplage/découplage, l'organe de couplage est fixé au châssis par l'intermédiaire d'un cardan. Un intérêt du cardan et de compenser l'éventuel décalage entre l'axe du dispositif de couplage et l'axe de l'organe de couplage.To further improve the coupling / decoupling operation, the coupling member is fixed to the frame by means of a gimbal. An interest of the gimbal and compensate for any offset between the axis of the coupling device and the axis of the coupling member.

Dans le mode de réalisation préféré, mais pas exclusivement, la machine d'excavation est une benne preneuse. A cet effet, le dispositif d'excavation comporte deux godets montés pivotants par rapport au châssis, les godets étant actionnés grâce à un mécanisme d'actionnement disposé dans le châssis.In the preferred embodiment, but not exclusively, the excavating machine is a grab bucket. For this purpose, the excavating device comprises two buckets pivotally mounted with respect to the chassis, the buckets being actuated by means of an actuating mechanism arranged in the chassis.

Selon une première variante, la benne preneuse est de type hydraulique. A cet effet, le mécanisme d'actionnement comprend au moins un vérin hydraulique alimenté par au moins une conduite hydraulique, et dans laquelle la partie fixe du tube de guidage présente une extrémité supérieure munie d'au moins un bras supérieur, tandis que la partie mobile du tube de guidage comporte au moins un bras inférieur, la conduite hydraulique étant maintenue au moins par les bras supérieur et inférieur. De préférence, le mécanisme d'actionnement est alimenté par au moins deux conduites hydrauliques qui s'étendent de part et d'autre du tube de guidage.According to a first variant, the grab is of the hydraulic type. For this purpose, the actuating mechanism comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder fed by at least one hydraulic pipe, and wherein the fixed part of the guide tube has an upper end provided with at least one upper arm, while the part movable guide tube has at least one lower arm, the hydraulic pipe being held at least by the upper and lower arms. Preferably, the actuating mechanism is fed by at least two hydraulic lines which extend on either side of the guide tube.

Afin d'améliorer l'accompagnement en rotation de la conduite hydraulique, les bras supérieur et inférieur sont pourvus de poulies articulées. Les poulies articulées servent à guider le déplacement et la déformation de la conduite hydraulique lors du pivotement du châssis autour de l'axe longitudinal du tube de guidage. Les poulies articulées servent également à guider le déroulé de la conduite hydraulique lors du passage de la position couplée à la position découplée, et lors de la descente du châssis dans le sol.In order to improve the rotational accompaniment of the hydraulic line, the upper and lower arms are provided with articulated pulleys. The articulated pulleys serve to guide the displacement and the deformation of the hydraulic pipe during the pivoting of the frame around the longitudinal axis of the guide tube. The articulated pulleys also serve to guide the unwinding of the hydraulic pipe during the transition from the coupled position to the decoupled position, and during the descent of the chassis into the ground.

Un intérêt est de maintenir la (ou les) conduite hydraulique à distance du tube de guidage lors de la rotation du châssis afin d'éviter qu'elle ne frotte contre le tube de guidage, ce qui l'endommagerait.An interest is to maintain the (or) hydraulic pipe away from the guide tube during the rotation of the frame to prevent it from rubbing against the guide tube, which would damage it.

De manière avantageuse, le tube de guidage comporte une partie intermédiaire située entre les bras supérieur et inférieur, la partie intermédiaire comprenant au moins un bras intermédiaire articulé qui maintien la conduite hydraulique de telle manière que la portion de conduite hydraulique qui s'étend entre les bras supérieur et inférieur est guidée en rotation lors d'une rotation de la partie mobile par rapport à la partie fixe du tube de guidage. La présence du bras intermédiaire permet d'améliorer encore le maintien de la conduite hydraulique à distance du tube de guidage.Advantageously, the guide tube comprises an intermediate portion located between the upper and lower arms, the intermediate part comprising at least one articulated intermediate arm which holds the hydraulic pipe in such a way that the portion of hydraulic pipe which extends between the upper and lower arm is guided in rotation during a rotation of the movable portion relative to the fixed part of the guide tube. The presence of the intermediate arm makes it possible to further improve the maintenance of the hydraulic pipe remote from the guide tube.

De préférence, le bras intermédiaire est solidaire de la partie fixe du tube de guidage.Preferably, the intermediate arm is secured to the fixed portion of the guide tube.

Avantageusement, le châssis présente une orientation non pivotée dans laquelle les bras supérieur et inférieur sont alignés angulairement en s'étendant du même côté du tube de guidage, et une orientation pivotée dans laquelle le bras inférieur et le châssis ont pivoté d'un demi-tour par rapport au bras supérieur.Advantageously, the frame has a non-pivoted orientation in which the upper and lower arms are aligned angularly extending on the same side of the guide tube, and a pivoted orientation in which the lower arm and the frame have pivoted by one half. turn relative to the upper arm.

Le passage entre l'orientation pivotée et l'orientation non pivotée est effectué lorsque le châssis est en position couplé, en faisant pivoter de 180° autour de son axe longitudinal la partie mobile du tube de guidage. De préférence, le passage entre l'orientation pivotée et l'orientation non pivotée est réalisée grâce au moyen moteur.The transition between the rotated orientation and the non-rotated orientation is effected when the frame is in the coupled position, by rotating the movable portion of the guide tube 180 ° about its longitudinal axis. Preferably, the passage between the pivoted orientation and the non-pivoted orientation is achieved through the motor means.

Selon une deuxième variante, la benne preneuse est de type mécanique. A cet effet, le mécanisme d'actionnement est actionné par un câble d'actionnement qui s'étend à l'intérieur de l'organe de couplage.According to a second variant, the grab is of the mechanical type. For this purpose, the actuating mechanism is actuated by an actuating cable which extends inside the coupling member.

De préférence, les godets de la benne preneuse sont amenés en position fermée lorsqu'on tire sur le câble d'actionnement pour le remonter verticalement vers l'extrémité supérieure du mât. Inversement, les godets de la benne preneuse sont amenés en position ouverte lorsque le câble d'actionnement est relâché.Preferably, the buckets of the clamshell are brought into closed position when pulling on the actuating cable to raise it vertically towards the upper end of the mast. Conversely, the clamshell buckets are brought into the open position when the actuation cable is released.

Ce câble d'actionnement s'étend selon la direction longitudinale du tube de guidage en étant sensiblement parallèle au câble de sustentation. Par suite, le câble d'actionnement et le câble de sustentation s'étendent tous les deux à l'intérieur du tube de guidage. De préférence, seul le câble d'actionnement s'étend à l'intérieur de l'organe de couplage du châssis.This actuation cable extends in the longitudinal direction of the guide tube being substantially parallel to the lift cable. As a result, the actuating cable and the lifting cable both extend inside the guide tube. Preferably, only the actuating cable extends inside the coupling member of the frame.

De préférence, l'organe de couplage est muni d'un guide câbles pour maintenir le câble d'actionnement à distance des parois de l'organe de couplage, et ce afin d'éviter l'usure du câble d'actionnement.Preferably, the coupling member is provided with a cable guide for holding the actuating cable away from the walls of the coupling member, in order to avoid wear of the actuating cable.

La présente invention porte également sur un procédé d'excavation de sol à l'aide d'une machine d'excavation selon l'invention, procédé dans lequel :

  • on descend le châssis de manière à amener le dispositif d'excavation en contact avec le sol ;
  • on actionne le dispositif d'excavation afin de réaliser l'excavation d'une tranchée dans le sol, le châssis étant alors en position découplée ;
  • on remonte le châssis de façon à amener le châssis en position couplée ;
  • on fait pivoter la partie mobile du tube de guidage d'un demi-tour de manière à faire pivoter le châssis d'un demi-tour ;
  • on descend le châssis pivoté dans la tranchée afin de poursuivre l'excavation de la tranchée.
The present invention also relates to a method of excavating soil with the aid of an excavating machine according to the invention, in which process:
  • the chassis is lowered so as to bring the excavation device into contact with the ground;
  • the excavation device is actuated in order to excavate a trench in the ground, the frame then being in the decoupled position;
  • the chassis is raised to bring the chassis into the coupled position;
  • the movable portion of the guide tube is rotated half a turn so as to rotate the frame one half turn;
  • the frame is lowered into the trench to continue digging the trench.

Lorsque la machine d'excavation est une benne preneuse, on réalise une étape de vidange des godets après avoir remonté le châssis en position couplée.When the excavating machine is a clamshell, a bucket emptying step is carried out after raising the frame in the coupled position.

Avantageusement, le châssis est amené en position couplée lorsque le dispositif d'excavation sort de la tranchée, et est amené en position découplée lors de l'entrée du dispositif d'excavation dans la tranchée. Un intérêt est de contrôle la trajectoire des dispositifs d'excavation lors de l'entrée dans la tranchée et lors de la sortie de la tranchée.Advantageously, the frame is brought into the coupled position when the excavating device leaves the trench, and is brought into the uncoupled position when the excavation device enters the trench. An interest is to control the trajectory of excavation devices when entering the trench and when leaving the trench.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de deux modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un exemple d'une machine d'excavation selon l'invention, à savoir une benne preneuse ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle, de côté, d'un premier mode de réalisation d'une machine d'excavation selon l'invention, à savoir une benne preneuse mécanique, dans laquelle le châssis est en position couplé ;
  • la figure 3 illustre le début de la descente du châssis de la benne preneuse de la figure 2 , le dispositif d'excavation étant pris entre deux murets guide pendant que le châssis est amené vers sa position découplée ;
  • la figure 4 illustre la poursuite de la descente du dispositif d'excavation dans la tranchée, le châssis étant alors en position découplée ;
  • la figure 5 illustre la remontée du châssis et son passage en position couplée ;
  • la figure 6 illustre le pivotement du châssis de 180° autour d'un axe vertical, les godets du dispositif d'excavation étant en position fermée ;
  • la figure 7 illustre le début de la descente du châssis vers la tranchée, le châssis étant encore en position couplée ;
  • la figure 8 illustre l'étape d'ouverture des godets du dispositif d'excavation de la benne preneuse de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 9 représente, en vue de face, un deuxième mode de réalisation de la machine d'excavation selon l'invention, à savoir une benne preneuse hydraulique, le châssis étant alors en position découplée ;
  • la figure 10 représente le châssis de la benne preneuse de la figure 9 en position couplée, le châssis étant dans son orientation non pivotée ;
  • la figure 11 représente le châssis de la benne preneuse de la figure 10 en position couplée, le châssis étant dans son orientation pivotée d'un demi-tour ; et
  • la figure 12 est une vue de détail du bras intermédiaire articulé fixé au tube de guidage.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of two embodiments of the invention given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents an example of an excavating machine according to the invention, namely a grab bucket;
  • the figure 2 is a partial view, from the side, of a first embodiment of an excavating machine according to the invention, namely a mechanical grab, in which the frame is in the coupled position;
  • the figure 3 illustrates the beginning of the descent of the chassis of the clamshell of the figure 2 , the excavating device being caught between two guide walls while the chassis is brought to its decoupled position;
  • the figure 4 illustrates the continued descent of the excavation device in the trench, the frame then being in the decoupled position;
  • the figure 5 illustrates the raising of the chassis and its passage in coupled position;
  • the figure 6 illustrates the pivoting of the frame 180 ° about a vertical axis, the buckets of the excavating device being in the closed position;
  • the figure 7 illustrates the beginning of the descent of the frame towards the trench, the frame being still in coupled position;
  • the figure 8 illustrates the bucket opening step of the bucket excavation device of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 9 represents, in front view, a second embodiment of the excavating machine according to the invention, namely a hydraulic grab bucket, the frame then being in the decoupled position;
  • the figure 10 represents the chassis of the clamshell of the figure 9 in a coupled position, the chassis being in its non-pivoted orientation;
  • the figure 11 represents the chassis of the clamshell of the figure 10 in the coupled position, the chassis being in its orientation rotated by half a turn; and
  • the figure 12 is a detail view of the articulated intermediate arm attached to the guide tube.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

Sur la figure 1 , on a représenté une machine d'excavation 10 conforme à la présente invention. En l'espèce, la machine d'excavation est une benne preneuse 10 qui comporte un engin de levage, en l'espèce un porteur à chenille 12, équipé d'un mât 14 à l'extrémité supérieure duquel est suspendu un châssis 16, par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs câbles de sustentation 18. Le châssis comprend une partie supérieure 16a et une partie inférieure 16b qui portent un dispositif d'excavation 20. Dans cet exemple, le dispositif d'excavation est constitué de deux godets 22 montés pivotants par rapport au châssis 16, les godets 22 étant actionnés grâce à un mécanisme d'actionnement 24 disposé dans le châssis 16. De manière connue par ailleurs, les godets 22 peuvent se trouver en position fermée comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1 ou en position ouverte dans laquelle les deux godets sont éloignés l'un de l'autre. Comme on le constate sur la figure 1 , le châssis et le câble de sustentation 18 s'étendent selon une direction sensiblement verticale.On the figure 1 , An excavating machine 10 is shown according to the present invention. In the present case, the excavating machine is a clamshell 10 which comprises a hoist, in this case a crawler carrier 12, equipped with a mast 14 at the upper end of which is suspended a frame 16, by means of one or more levitation cables 18. The frame comprises an upper part 16a and a lower part 16b which carry an excavating device 20. In this example, the excavation device consists of two buckets 22 mounted pivotally relative to the frame 16, the buckets 22 being actuated by an actuating mechanism 24 disposed in the frame 16. in a known manner, the buckets 22 can be in the closed position as shown in FIG. figure 1 or in the open position in which the two buckets are distant from each other. As we see on the figure 1 , the frame and the lift cable 18 extend in a substantially vertical direction.

Conformément à l'invention, la machine d'excavation 10 comporte en outre un tube de guidage 30 qui est monté à l'extrémité supérieure 14a du mât et qui s'étend selon un axe longitudinal A dirigé vers le sol. Comme on le voit sur la figure 1 , cet axe longitudinal est sensiblement vertical dans cet exemple.According to the invention, the excavating machine 10 further comprises a guide tube 30 which is mounted at the upper end 14a of the mast and which extends along a longitudinal axis A directed towards the ground. As we see on the figure 1 This longitudinal axis is substantially vertical in this example.

Ce tube de guidage comporte une partie fixe 32 qui est fixée au mât et plus exactement à l'extrémité supérieure du mât, ainsi qu'une partie mobile 34 en forme de tube qui est rotative, par rapport à la partie fixe, autour de l'axe longitudinal A. Dans cet exemple, la machine d'excavation 10 comporte en outre un moyen moteur 36 qui est fixé au tube de guidage pour entraîner en rotation la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30 par rapport à la partie fixe 32. De préférence, la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30 est disposée en dessous de la partie fixe 32 du tube de guidage 30. Dans cet exemple, le moyen moteur est disposé entre la partie fixe 32 et la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30. This guide tube comprises a fixed part 32 which is fixed to the mast and more exactly to the upper end of the mast, and a mobile part 34 in the form of a tube which is rotatable, with respect to the fixed part, around the longitudinal axis A. In this example, the excavating machine 10 further comprises a motor means 36 which is fixed to the guide tube for rotating the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 relative to the fixed part 32. Preferably, the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 is disposed below the fixed portion 32 of the guide tube 30. In this example, the drive means is disposed between the fixed portion 32 and the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30.

Conformément à l'invention, la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30 comporte un dispositif de couplage 38 qui est situé dans cet exemple à l'extrémité inférieure de la partie mobile 34. According to the invention, the mobile part 34 of the guide tube 30 comprises a coupling device 38 which is situated in this example at the lower end of the mobile part 34.

Comme on le voit sur les figures 2 à 8 , l'extrémité inférieure de la partie mobile 34 est ouverte et présente une forme évasée divergente. Dans cet exemple, le dispositif de couplage 38 du tube de guidage 34 est constitué par l'extrémité inférieure 34a de la partie mobile du tube de guidage. De préférence, la section de la partie inférieure 34a de la partie mobile du tube de guidage présente une section carrée.As we see on the Figures 2 to 8 , The lower end of the movable portion 34 is open and has a divergent flared shape. In this example, the coupling device 38 of the guide tube 34 is constituted by the lower end 34a of the movable portion of the guide tube. Preferably, the section of the lower portion 34a of the movable portion of the guide tube has a square section.

En se référant maintenant aux figures 2 et 6 , on remarque que la partie supérieure 16a du châssis comporte un organe de couplage 40 en forme de barre qui s'étend verticalement depuis l'extrémité supérieure du châssis. Selon l'invention, l'organe de couplage 40 est coaxial à l'axe longitudinal A. On ajoute que le châssis est prévu pour pivoter autour de l'axe de l'organe de couplage 40, c'est-à-dire autour de l'axe longitudinal A. Dans cet exemple, la section transversale de l'organe de couplage est carrée. Avantageusement, les dimensions de la section de l'organe de couplage 40 correspondent sensiblement aux dimensions de la section du dispositif de couplage 38, ou bien sont légèrement inférieures, de telle manière que l'organe de couplage 40 peut être introduit dans la partie mobile du tube de guidage 34 via le dispositif de couplage 38, c'est-à-dire via l'ouverture ménagée dans l'extrémité inférieure de la partie mobile du tube de guidage.Referring now to figures 2 and 6 it is noted that the upper portion 16a of the frame comprises a bar-shaped coupling member 40 which extends vertically from the upper end of the frame. According to the invention, the coupling member 40 is coaxial with the longitudinal axis A. It is added that the frame is provided for pivoting about the axis of the coupling member 40, that is to say around of the longitudinal axis A. In this example, the cross section of the coupling member is square. Advantageously, the dimensions of the section of the coupling member 40 correspond substantially to the dimensions of the section of the coupling device 38, or are slightly smaller, so that the coupling member 40 can be introduced into the moving part. of the guide tube 34 via the coupling device 38, that is to say via the opening in the lower end of the movable portion of the guide tube.

Dans cet exemple, la section de l'organe de couplage est identique sur toute sa longueur bien que cela ne soit pas indispensable.In this example, the section of the coupling member is identical over its entire length, although this is not essential.

On comprend donc que l'association de l'organe de couplage 40 et du dispositif de couplage 38 forme un système de couplage mécanique dans lequel l'organe de couplage forme la partie mâle tandis que le dispositif de couplage 38 forme la partie femelle. Sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, les parties mâle et femelle pourraient être inversées.It is therefore understood that the combination of the coupling member 40 and the coupling device 38 forms a mechanical coupling system in which the coupling member forms the male part while the coupling device 38 forms the female part. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the male and female parts could be reversed.

De manière connue par ailleurs, le déplacement vertical du châssis 16 est opéré grâce au déplacement du câble de sustentation 18. In a manner known moreover, the vertical displacement of the frame 16 is operated thanks to the displacement of the lift cable 18.

Selon l'invention, le châssis 16 présente une position couplée dans laquelle l'organe de couplage 40 est couplé en rotation avec le dispositif de couplage 38 de la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30 afin de permettre le pivotement du châssis autour de l'axe longitudinal A grâce à la rotation de la partie mobile du tube de guidage 30. En l'espèce, la rotation de la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30 est réalisée grâce au moyen moteur 36, qui est dans cet exemple constitué par un moteur électrique.According to the invention, the frame 16 has a coupled position in which the coupling member 40 is rotatably coupled with the coupling device 38 of the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 to allow the frame to pivot around the frame. longitudinal axis A through the rotation of the movable portion of the guide tube 30. In this case, the rotation of the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 is achieved by the motor means 36, which is in this example constituted by an electric motor.

On comprend que le couplage réalisé entre l'organe de couplage 40 et le dispositif de couplage 38 est obtenu grâce à la coopération de forme entre la section carrée de l'organe de couplage 40 et la section carrée du dispositif de couplage 38. Bien entendu, d'autres formes de section ou d'autres types de couplage pourraient être choisis et ce sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.It is understood that the coupling formed between the coupling member 40 and the coupling device 38 is obtained thanks to the shape cooperation between the square section of the coupling member 40 and the square section of the coupling device 38. Of course other section shapes or other types of coupling could be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Toujours selon l'invention, le châssis 16 présente en outre une position découplée dans laquelle l'organe de couplage 40 est découplé du dispositif de couplage 38 de la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30. En position découplée, l'organe de couplage 40 se situe en dehors de la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30 comme on peut le voir notamment sur la figure 4 . Still according to the invention, the frame 16 also has a decoupled position in which the coupling member 40 is decoupled from the coupling device 38 of the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30. In the decoupled position, the coupling member 40 is outside the mobile part 34 of the guide tube 30 as can be seen in particular on the figure 4 .

On comprend que le déplacement du câble de sustentation 18 permet de faire passer le châssis 16 entre sa position couplée et sa position découplée. A l'aide des figures, on comprend que le passage de la position couplée à la position découplée se fait en descendant le châssis, donc en relâchant le câble de sustentation 18, tandis que le passage entre la position découplée et la position couplée se fait en remontant le châssis, c'est-à-dire en tirant sur le câble de sustentation 18. Comme on peut le voir notamment sur la figure 2 , le câble de sustentation 18 est fixé à l'extrémité supérieure 40a de l'organe de couplage 40. En outre, le câble de sustentation 18 s'étend à l'intérieur du tube de guidage 30. On ajoute que le moyen moteur 36 présente en outre un évidement axial permettant le passage de câble et notamment du câble de sustentation 18. En position couplée, le châssis 16 est donc apte à être pivoté autour de l'axe longitudinal A. Plus précisément, le châssis 16 présente une orientation non pivotée dans laquelle le châssis 16 n'a pas pivoté autour de son axe longitudinal A, et une position pivotée dans laquelle le châssis a pivoté de 180° autour de l'axe longitudinal A grâce à la rotation de la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30. A l'aide des figures 2 à 8 , on va maintenant décrire un exemple du procédé d'excavation de sol réalisé à l'aide de la machine d'excavation selon l'invention. Dans une première étape, on amène le châssis au-dessus de la zone où l'on souhaite réaliser une tranchée. Dans cet exemple, le sol est préalablement équipé de murets-guides 50 qui définissent l'épaisseur de la tranchée à réaliser. Une fois le châssis correctement positionné au-dessus des murets-guides 50, on descend le châssis 16 de manière à amener le dispositif d'excavation 20 en contact avec le sol. De manière avantageuse, et comme on le voit sur la figure 3 , le châssis 16 est amené depuis sa position couplée de la figure 2 vers sa position découplée pendant que le dispositif d'excavation est introduit entre les murets-guides 50 qui flanquent les godets 22. It is understood that the displacement of the lift cable 18 allows the chassis 16 to pass between its coupled position and its decoupled position. With the aid of the figures, it is understood that the passage from the position coupled to the decoupled position is done by lowering the frame, thus releasing the lift cable 18, while the passage between the decoupled position and the coupled position is made by raising the chassis, that is to say by pulling on the lift cable 18. As can be seen in particular on the figure 2 , the lifting cable 18 is fixed to the upper end 40a of the coupling member 40. In addition, the lifting cable 18 extends inside the guide tube 30. It is added that the motor means 36 further has an axial recess for the passage of cable and in particular the lift cable 18. In the coupled position, the frame 16 is adapted to be pivoted about the longitudinal axis A. More specifically, the frame 16 has a non-directional orientation. pivoted in which the frame 16 has not pivoted about its longitudinal axis A, and a pivoted position in which the frame has rotated 180 ° about the longitudinal axis A through the rotation of the movable portion 34 of the tube guidance 30. With the help of Figures 2 to 8 , Will now be described an example of soil excavation process carried out by using the excavating machine according to the invention. In a first step, the frame is brought over the area where it is desired to make a trench. In this example, the floor is previously equipped with guide walls 50 which define the thickness of the trench to be made. Once the frame is correctly positioned above the guide walls 50, the frame 16 is lowered so as to bring the excavation device 20 into contact with the ground. Advantageously, and as seen on the figure 3 , the frame 16 is brought from its coupled position of the figure 2 to its decoupled position while the excavating device is introduced between the guide walls 50 which flank the buckets 22.

En d'autres termes, on s'assure du contrôle de la trajectoire verticale du châssis 16 dès lors que ce dernier est encore guidé par le tube de guidage 30 au moment où le dispositif d'excavation commence à s'enfoncer dans le sol. Sur la figure 4 , on a représenté le châssis en position découplée, c'est-à-dire que la barre 40 formant l'organe de couplage s'est déplacée verticalement par rapport à la partie mobile du tube de guidage qui reste fixe de manière à sortir hors de la partie mobile du tube de guidage.In other words, it ensures control of the vertical path of the frame 16 when the latter is still guided by the guide tube 30 at the time the excavator begins to sink into the ground. On the figure 4 , the frame is shown in the decoupled position, that is to say that the bar 40 forming the body of coupling has moved vertically with respect to the movable portion of the guide tube which remains fixed so as to exit out of the movable portion of the guide tube.

Classiquement, lorsque le dispositif d'excavation a pénétré dans le sol, on actionne les godets afin de réaliser l'excavation d'une tranchée dans le sol. A ce moment, le châssis est en position découplée.Conventionally, when the excavation device has penetrated into the ground, the buckets are actuated to perform the excavation of a trench in the ground. At this moment, the chassis is in decoupled position.

Après la fermeture des godets 22, on remonte le châssis 16 de façon à amener le châssis en position couplée comme cela est représenté sur la figure 5 . Dans cette position, le châssis présente une orientation non pivotée.After closing the buckets 22, the frame 16 is raised so as to bring the chassis into the coupled position as shown in FIG. figure 5 . In this position, the frame has a non-rotated orientation.

Puis, on fait pivoter la partie mobile 34 du tube de guidage 30 d'un demi-tour de manière à faire pivoter le châssis d'un demi-tour autour de l'axe longitudinal A. Ainsi, comme on le comprend à l'aide de la figure 6 , après avoir vidé le contenu des godets, on descend à nouveau le châssis (pivoté de 180°) dans la tranchée afin de poursuivre l'excavation de la tranchée, comme on l'a représenté sur la figure 7 . Là encore, le châssis est amené en position découplée lors de l'entrée du dispositif d'excavation dans la tranchée au cours de la descente du châssis. Le principe de fonctionnement de l'invention étant décrit, on va maintenant s'intéresser à deux modes de réalisation de la machine d'excavation 10 selon l'invention.Then, the movable portion 34 of the guide tube 30 is pivoted by half a turn so as to rotate the frame one-half turn about the longitudinal axis A. Thus, as is understood in FIG. help from figure 6 , After emptying the contents of the cups, it descends the frame again (rotated 180 °) in the trench to continue the excavation of the trench, as has been shown in figure 7 . Again, the frame is brought to the decoupled position at the entrance of the excavation device in the trench during the descent of the frame. The operating principle of the invention being described, we will now be interested in two embodiments of the excavating machine 10 according to the invention.

De préférence, l'organe de couplage 40 présente une longueur comprise entre 4 et 8 mètres, de préférence environ 6 mètres. Cette longueur peut être différente sous réserve qu'elle soit suffisante pour que l'organe de couplage 40 soit encore couplé au dispositif de couplage 38 quand les godets sont au niveau de l'entrée de la tranchée (par exemple au niveau de murettes guides disposées de part et d'autre de l'entrée de la tranchée). En outre, en position haute, les godets doivent pouvoir se vider dans un camion-benne de chantier.Preferably, the coupling member 40 has a length of between 4 and 8 meters, preferably about 6 meters. This length may be different provided that it is sufficient for the coupling member 40 to be coupled again to the coupling device 38 when the buckets are at the entrance of the trench (for example at the level of guide webs arranged on both sides of the entrance to the trench). In addition, in the high position, the buckets must be able to empty into a construction dump truck.

Selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, la machine d'excavation 10 consiste en une benne preneuse de type mécanique. Celle-ci est notamment illustrée sur les figures 2 à 8 . Dans le premier mode de réalisation, le mécanisme d'actionnement 24 qui est logé dans le châssis 16 est actionné par un câble d'actionnement 60 qui s'étend selon une direction verticale parallèlement au câble de sustentation 18. According to the first embodiment of the invention, the excavating machine 10 consists of a mechanical type grab bucket. This is illustrated in particular on Figures 2 to 8 . In the first embodiment, the actuating mechanism 24 which is housed in the frame 16 is actuated by an actuating cable 60 which extends in a vertical direction parallel to the lift cable 18.

Ce câble d'actionnement 60 s'étend également à l'intérieur du tube de guidage 30. Le câble d'actionnement 60 s'étend en outre à l'intérieur de l'organe de couplage 40 afin d'être lié au mécanisme d'actionnement 24. L'extrémité supérieure de l'organe de couplage 40 est munie en outre d'un guide-câble 62 permettant de guider le déplacement du câble d'actionnement 60 à l'intérieur de l'organe de couplage 40. Ce guide-câble 62 est par exemple muni de galets rotatifs. A l'aide de la figure 8 , on comprend que le relâchement du câble d'actionnement 60 permet l'ouverture des godets 22 tandis qu'une traction opérée sur ce câble d'actionnement 60 permet la fermeture des godets 22. Ce mécanisme d'actionnement des godets 22 à l'aide d'un câble d'actionnement est connu par ailleurs.This actuating cable 60 also extends inside the guide tube 30. The actuating cable 60 further extends inside the coupling member 40 so as to be connected to the coupling mechanism. 24. The upper end of the coupling member 40 is further provided with a cable guide 62 for guiding the movement of the actuating cable 60 inside the coupling member 40. Cable guide 62 is for example provided with rotary rollers. Using the figure 8 it is understood that the release of the actuating cable 60 allows the opening of the buckets 22 while a traction operated on this actuating cable 60 allows the closing of the buckets 22. This mechanism for actuating the buckets 22 to the using an actuating cable is known elsewhere.

A l'aide des figures 9 à 12 , on va maintenant décrire un deuxième mode de réalisation de la machine d'excavation selon l'invention. Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, la benne preneuse est du type hydraulique. A cet effet, le mécanisme d'actionnement 124 qui est logé dans le châssis 16 comporte une paire de vérins hydrauliques 126. Ces vérins 126, qui permettent le pivotement des godets 22, sont alimentés par au moins une conduite hydraulique 128. De préférence, le mécanisme d'actionnement 124 comprend deux vérins hydrauliques 126, qui sont alimentés par une première conduite hydraulique 128. Une seconde conduite hydraulique 128' est prévue pour le retour de fluide hydraulique. Les vérins hydrauliques 126 sont donc reliés aux première et seconde conduites hydrauliques 128,128'. With the help of Figures 9 to 12 , Will now be described a second embodiment of the excavating machine according to the invention. In this second embodiment, the grab is of the hydraulic type. For this purpose, the actuating mechanism 124 which is housed in the chassis 16 comprises a pair of hydraulic cylinders 126. These cylinders 126, which enable the buckets 22 to be pivoted , are fed by at least one hydraulic pipe 128. Preferably, the actuating mechanism 124 comprises two hydraulic cylinders 126, which are fed by a first hydraulic line 128. A second hydraulic line 128 ' is provided for the return of hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic cylinders 126 are therefore connected to the first and second hydraulic lines 128,128 '.

Le second mode de réalisation de la benne preneuse comporte également un tube de guidage 30 qui comporte une partie fixe 32 fixée à l'extrémité supérieure du mât 14a ainsi qu'une partie mobile 34. La machine d'excavation 100 comporte en outre un moyen moteur 36, par exemple un moteur hydraulique, fixé à la partie fixe du tube de guidage qui permet d'entraîner en rotation la partie mobile 34 par rapport à la partie fixe 32 du tube de guidage 30. Comme on le constate sur la figure 9 , la partie fixe du tube de guidage comporte une forme cylindrique qui s'étend selon la direction longitudinale A et qui présente une extrémité supérieure 32a munie d'une paire de bras supérieurs 170, 172 qui s'étendent radialement de part et d'autre de l'extrémité supérieure 32a de la partie fixe 32. La partie mobile 34a comporte quant à elle une paire de bras inférieurs 174, 176 qui s'étendent également radialement de part et d'autre de la partie mobile 34. Comme on le remarque à l'aide de la figure 9 , les bras supérieurs 170, 172 ainsi que les bras inférieurs 174, 176 sont pourvus de poulies articulées référencées 180 qui permettent le guidage des première et seconde conduites hydrauliques 128, 128'. En se référant à nouveau à la figure 9 , on constate que les conduites hydrauliques 128, 128' s'étendent verticalement depuis des enrouleurs 182 montés à l'extrémité supérieure 14a du mât 14 vers le mécanisme d'actionnement 124 logé dans le châssis 16, en passant par les poulies 180 des bras supérieurs 170, 172, puis par les poulies 180 des bras inférieurs 174, 176 avant de descendre verticalement vers le châssis.The second embodiment of the clamshell also comprises a guide tube 30 which comprises a fixed part 32 fixed to the upper end of the mast 14a and a movable part 34. The excavating machine 100 further comprises a means motor 36, for example a hydraulic motor, fixed to the fixed portion of the guide tube which rotates the movable portion 34 relative to the fixed portion 32 of the guide tube 30. As can be seen from FIG. figure 9 , the fixed portion of the guide tube has a cylindrical shape which extends in the longitudinal direction A and which has an upper end 32a provided with a pair of upper arms 170, 172 which extend radially on either side of the upper end 32a of the fixed part 32. The mobile part 34a comprises a pair of lower arms 174, 176 which also extend radially on either side of the movable part 34. As can be seen by means of the figure 9 , the upper arms 170, 172 and the lower arms 174, 176 are provided with articulated pulleys 180 referenced that guide the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 '. Referring again to the figure 9 it is found that the hydraulic lines 128, 128 ' extend vertically from reels 182 mounted at the upper end 14a of the mast 14 to the actuating mechanism 124 housed in the frame 16, passing through the pulleys 180 of the arms 170, 172, then by the pulleys 180 of the lower arms 174, 176 before descending vertically to the frame.

Sur cette figure 9 , le châssis est en position découplée, la barre 40 faisant office d'organe de couplage étant située hors du dispositif de couplage 38 de la partie mobile du tube de guidage. Sur la figure 10 , on a représenté la même benne preneuse dans une configuration où le châssis 16 est en position couplée, la barre 40 étant introduite dans le dispositif de couplage 38 de la partie mobile du tube de guidage. Dans ces deux positions, le châssis présente une orientation non pivotée. On constate par ailleurs que la barre 40 est reliée au châssis par l'intermédiaire d'un cardan 41. On this figure 9 , the frame is in the decoupled position, the bar 40 acting as a coupling member being located outside the coupling device 38 of the movable portion of the guide tube. On the figure 10 , the same grab is shown in a configuration where the frame 16 is in the coupled position, the bar 40 being introduced into the coupling device 38 of the movable portion of the guide tube. In these two positions, the frame has a non-pivoted orientation. It is also noted that the bar 40 is connected to the frame via a cardan 41.

Dans cette position, on constate que les première et seconde conduites hydrauliques 128, 128' sont parallèles et s'étendent de part et d'autre du tube de guidage et de la barre 40. Pour améliorer encore le guidage des première et seconde conduites hydrauliques 128, 128', il est prévu une paire de bras intermédiaires articulés 184 dans lesquels passent les conduites hydrauliques et qui sont disposés sur une partie intermédiaire 33 du tube de guidage 30, cette partie intermédiaire 33 étant située entre les bras supérieurs 170, 172 et les bras inférieurs 174, 176. Dans cet exemple, la partie intermédiaire se situe sur la partie fixe du tube de guidage, environ à mi-longueur de cette dernière. Les bras intermédiaires 184, 186 qui sont articulés ont pour but de maintenir les première et seconde conduites hydrauliques 128, 128' de telle manière que la portion des conduites hydrauliques qui s'étend entre les bras supérieurs et les bras inférieurs soit guidée en rotation lors d'une rotation de la partie mobile par rapport à la partie fixe du tube de guidage. Pour ce faire, les bras intermédiaires articulés 184, 186 sont munis de poulies au travers desquels passent les première et seconde conduites hydrauliques 128, 128'. In this position, it is found that the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 ' are parallel and extend on either side of the guide tube and the bar 40. To further improve the guiding of the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 ', there is provided a pair of articulated intermediate arms 184 in which the hydraulic lines pass and which are arranged on an intermediate portion 33 of the guide tube 30, this intermediate portion 33 being located between the upper arms 170, 172 and the lower arms 174, 176. In this example, the intermediate portion is located on the fixed portion of the guide tube, about halfway along the latter. The intermediate arms 184, 186 which are articulated are intended to maintain the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 ' so that the portion of the hydraulic lines which extends between the upper arms and the lower arms is guided in rotation during a rotation of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion of the guide tube. For this articulated intermediate arms 184, 186 are provided with pulleys through which pass the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 '.

Sur la figure 11 , on a représenté le châssis de la benne preneuse 100 dans une orientation pivotée d'un demi-tour autour de l'axe longitudinal A. Cette orientation pivotée est obtenue par pivotement de 180° de la partie mobile 34 alors que le châssis est en position couplée. Grâce aux poulies 180 et aux bras intermédiaires articulés, les portions de conduite hydraulique qui s'étendent entre les bras supérieur et inférieur sont maintenues à distance de la partie fixe du tube de guidage 30 et tendent à rester sensiblement rectilignes. On minimise ainsi la flexion des conduites hydrauliques 128 de manière à éviter leur endommagement. On constate par ailleurs que les portions des première et seconde conduites hydrauliques 128, 128' qui s'étendent entre les bras inférieurs 176, 174 et le châssis 16 restent verticales et parallèles entre elles. Ainsi l'invention permet-elle une rotation d'un demi-tour du châssis de la benne preneuse hydraulique sans endommager les conduites hydrauliques. On constate par ailleurs que dans l'orientation non pivotée, les bras supérieurs et inférieurs sont alignés angulairement en s'étendant du même côté du tube de guidage tandis que selon l'orientation pivotée de la figure 11 , les bras inférieurs 174, 176 ont pivoté d'un demi-tour par rapport aux bras supérieurs 170, 172. On the figure 11 , the chassis of the clamshell 100 is shown in an orientation pivoted by a half-turn around the longitudinal axis A. This pivoted orientation is obtained by pivoting 180 ° of the movable part 34 while the frame is in position. coupled position. Thanks to the pulleys 180 and articulated intermediate arms, the hydraulic pipe portions that extend between the upper and lower arms are kept at a distance from the fixed portion of the guide tube 30 and tend to remain substantially straight. This minimizes the bending of hydraulic lines 128 so as to prevent damage. It is also noted that the portions of the first and second hydraulic lines 128, 128 ' which extend between the lower arms 176, 174 and the frame 16 remain vertical and parallel to each other. Thus the invention allows a rotation of a half-turn of the frame of the hydraulic grab bucket without damaging the hydraulic lines. Moreover, it can be seen that in the non-pivoted orientation, the upper and lower arms are angularly aligned while extending on the same side of the guide tube while in the rotated orientation of the figure 11 , The lower arms 174, 176 have rotated half a turn relative to the upper arms 170, 172.

Sur la figure 12 , on a illustré un exemple de réalisation d'un bras intermédiaire 186, le bras intermédiaire est apte à pivoter autour de deux axes verticaux X1, X2 et autour d'un axe horizontal X3, ce qui permet une articulation du bras intermédiaire selon trois axes différents. Le bras intermédiaire 186 est également muni d'une poulie 188 traversée par la conduite hydraulique 128 (et/ou 128'). On comprend donc que les bras intermédiaires permettent d'accompagner la rotation des conduites hydrauliques lors du pivotement du châssis.On the figure 12 There is illustrated an embodiment of an intermediate arm 186, the intermediate arm can be pivoted around two vertical axes X1, X2 and about a horizontal axis X 3, which allows a joint of the intermediate arm in three different axes. The intermediate arm 186 is also provided with a pulley 188 traversed by the hydraulic pipe 128 (and / or 128 '). It is therefore understood that the intermediate arms can accompany the rotation of the hydraulic lines during the pivoting of the frame.

Claims (17)

Machine d'excavation (10,100) pour la réalisation de tranchées dans le sol comportant : • un engin de levage (12) muni d'un mât (14) ayant une extrémité supérieure (14a) ; • un tube de guidage (30) monté à l'extrémité supérieure (14a) dudit mât et s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal (A) dirigé vers le sol, le tube de guidage (30) comportant une partie fixe (32) qui est fixée au mât ainsi qu'une partie mobile (34) qui est rotative par rapport à la partie fixe autour de l'axe longitudinal, la partie mobile du tube de guidage ayant un dispositif de couplage (38) ; • un châssis (16), suspendu au mât, ayant une partie inférieure (16b) et une partie supérieure (16a), la partie inférieure du châssis portant un dispositif d'excavation (20) tandis que la partie supérieure comporte un organe de couplage (40) coaxial à l'axe longitudinal, le châssis pouvant être déplacé selon ledit axe longitudinal entre : ○ une position couplée dans laquelle l'organe de couplage (40) est couplé en rotation avec le dispositif de couplage (38) de la partie mobile du tube de guidage afin de permettre le pivotement du châssis autour de l'axe longitudinal grâce à la rotation de la partie mobile du tube de guidage, et ○ une position découplée dans laquelle l'organe de couplage (40) est découplé du dispositif de couplage (38) de la partie mobile du tube de guidage. Excavating machine (10,100) for making trenches in the ground comprising: • a hoist (12) with a mast (14) having an upper end (14a); A guide tube (30) mounted at the upper end (14a) of said mast and extending along a longitudinal axis (A) directed towards the ground, the guide tube (30) having a fixed part (32) which is fixed to the mast and a movable portion (34) which is rotatable relative to the fixed portion about the longitudinal axis, the movable portion of the guide tube having a coupling device (38); A chassis (16), suspended from the mast, having a lower part (16b) and an upper part (16a), the lower part of the chassis carrying an excavation device (20) while the upper part comprises a coupling member (40) coaxial with the longitudinal axis, the frame being movable along said longitudinal axis between: A coupled position in which the coupling member (40) is rotatably coupled with the coupling device (38) of the movable portion of the guide tube to allow pivoting of the frame about the longitudinal axis by means of the rotation of the movable portion of the guide tube, and ○ a decoupled position in which the coupling member (40) is decoupled from the coupling device (38) of the movable portion of the guide tube. Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le châssis est suspendu au mât par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un câble de sustentation (18), et dans laquelle le déplacement du câble de sustentation permet de faire passer le châssis entre sa position couplée et sa position découplée.Excavating machine according to claim 1, wherein the frame is suspended from the mast by means of at least one lift cable (18), and wherein the displacement of the lift cable allows the chassis to pass between its coupled position and its decoupled position. Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle le câble de sustentation (18) est fixé à l'organe de couplage (40) et s'étend à l'intérieur du tube de guidage.An excavating machine according to claim 2, wherein the lift cable (18) is attached to the coupling member (40) and extends inside the guide tube. Machine d'excavation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre un moyen moteur (36) fixé au tube de guidage pour entrainer en rotation la partie mobile du tube de guidage par rapport à la partie fixe, et en ce que la partie mobile (34) du tube de guidage est disposée en dessous de la partie fixe du tube de guidage.Excavating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a motor means (36) fixed to the guide tube for driving in rotation the movable portion of the guide tube relative to the fixed part, and in that the movable portion (34) of the guide tube is disposed below the fixed portion of the guide tube. Machine d'excavation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle l'organe de couplage (40) est une barre qui, en position couplée, vient s'engager par coopération de forme avec la partie mobile (34) du tube de guidage, tandis qu'en position découplée, la barre se situe en dehors de la partie mobile du tube de guidage.Excavating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coupling member (40) is a bar which, in the coupled position, engages in shape cooperation with the movable part (34) of the guide tube, while in the decoupled position, the bar is outside the movable portion of the guide tube. Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle l'extrémité inférieure (34a) de la partie mobile (34) présente une forme évasée divergente pour faciliter l'engagement de la barre dans la partie mobile du tube de guidage.Excavating machine according to claim 5, wherein the lower end (34a) of the movable portion (34) has a divergent flared shape to facilitate the engagement of the bar in the movable portion of the guide tube. Machine d'excavation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle l'organe de couplage est fixé au châssis par l'intermédiaire d'un cardan (41).Excavating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coupling member is fixed to the frame by means of a gimbal (41). Machine d'excavation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle le dispositif d'excavation (20) comporte deux godets (22) montés pivotants par rapport au châssis, les godets étant actionnés grâce à un mécanisme d'actionnement (24,124) disposé dans le châssis.Excavating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the excavating device (20) comprises two buckets (22) pivotally mounted relative to the frame, the buckets being actuated by means of an actuating mechanism ( 24,124) arranged in the frame. Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle le mécanisme d'actionnement (124) comprend au moins un vérin hydraulique (126) relié à au moins une conduite hydraulique (128,128'), et dans laquelle la partie fixe (32) du tube de guidage (30) présente une extrémité supérieure (32a) munie d'au moins un bras supérieur, tandis que la partie mobile (34) du tube de guidage comporte au moins un bras inférieur (174,176), la conduite hydraulique (128,128') étant maintenue au moins par les bras supérieur et inférieur.Excavating machine according to claim 8, wherein the actuating mechanism (124) comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder (126) connected to at least one hydraulic pipe (128,128 '), and wherein the fixed portion (32) of the guide tube (30) has an upper end (32a) provided with at least one upper arm, while the movable portion (34) of the guide tube comprises at least one lower arm (174,176), the hydraulic pipe (128,128 ') being held at least by the upper and lower arms. Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle les bras supérieur et inférieur (170,172,174,176) sont pourvus de poulies articulées (180).An excavating machine according to claim 9, wherein the upper and lower arms (170,172,174,176) are provided with articulated pulleys (180). Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans laquelle le tube de guidage (30) comporte une partie intermédiaire (33) située entre les bras supérieur (170,172) et inférieur (174,176), la partie intermédiaire comprenant au moins un bras intermédiaire (184,186) articulé qui maintien la conduite hydraulique de telle manière que la portion de conduite hydraulique qui s'étend entre les bras supérieur et inférieur est guidée en rotation lors d'une rotation de la partie mobile par rapport à la partie fixe (32) du tube de guidage (30).Excavating machine according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the guide tube (30) has an intermediate portion (33) between the upper (170,172) and lower (174,176) arms, the intermediate portion comprising at least one intermediate arm Hinge (184,186) which holds the hydraulic line in such a way that the portion of the hydraulic line extending between the upper and lower arms is guided in rotation during a rotation of the movable part with respect to the fixed part (32) of the guide tube (30). Machine d'excavation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, dans laquelle le châssis (16) présente une orientation non pivotée dans laquelle les bras supérieur (170,172) et inférieur (174,176) sont alignés angulairement en s'étendant du même côté du tube de guidage, et une orientation pivotée dans laquelle le bras inférieur et le châssis ont pivoté d'un demi-tour par rapport au bras supérieur.An excavating machine according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the frame (16) has a non-pivoted orientation in which the upper (170,172) and lower (174,176) arms are aligned angularly extending on the same side of the guide tube, and a pivoted orientation in which the lower arm and the frame have rotated a half turn relative to the upper arm. Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle le mécanisme d'actionnement (24) est actionné par un câble d'actionnement (60) qui s'étend à l'intérieur de l'organe de couplage (40).An excavating machine according to claim 8, wherein the actuating mechanism (24) is actuated by an actuating cable (60) which extends inside the coupling member (40). Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle l'organe de couplage est muni d'un guide câbles (62).Excavating machine according to claim 13, wherein the coupling member is provided with a cable guide (62). Machine d'excavation selon la revendication 13 ou 14, dans laquelle le câble d'actionnement (60) s'étend en outre à l'intérieur du tube de guidage (30).Excavating machine according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the actuating cable (60) further extends within the guide tube (30). Procédé d'excavation de sol à l'aide d'une machine d'excavation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, procédé dans lequel : • on descend le châssis de manière à amener le dispositif d'excavation en contact avec le sol ; • on actionne le dispositif d'excavation afin de réaliser l'excavation d'une tranchée dans le sol, le châssis étant alors en position découplée ; • on remonte le châssis de façon à amener le châssis en position couplée ; • on fait pivoter la partie mobile du tube de guidage d'un demi-tour de manière à faire pivoter le châssis d'un demi-tour ; • on descend le châssis pivoté dans la tranchée afin de poursuivre l'excavation de la tranchée. A method of excavating soil using an excavating machine according to any of claims 1 to 15, wherein • the chassis is lowered so as to bring the excavation device into contact with the ground; • the excavation device is actuated to perform the excavation of a trench in the ground, the frame then being in the decoupled position; • the chassis is raised to bring the chassis into the coupled position; Rotating the movable portion of the guide tube by half a turn so as to rotate the frame one half turn; • the frame is lowered into the trench to continue digging the trench. Procédé d'excavation de sol selon la revendication 16, dans lequel le châssis est amené en position couplée lorsque le dispositif d'excavation sort de la tranchée, et est amené en position découplée lors de l'entrée du dispositif d'excavation dans la tranchée.A method of excavating soil according to claim 16, wherein the frame is brought into a coupled position when the digging device exits the trench, and is brought to the decoupled position upon entry of the digging device into the trench .
EP12190421.3A 2011-11-04 2012-10-29 Excavating machine comprising a steering tube that enables the rotation of the chassis Active EP2589706B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19181576.0A EP3569774B1 (en) 2011-11-04 2012-10-29 Excavating machine comprising a steering tube that enables the rotation of the chassis

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1160036A FR2982284B1 (en) 2011-11-04 2011-11-04 EXCAVATION MACHINE COMPRISING A GUIDE TUBE FOR CHASSIS ROTATION

Related Child Applications (2)

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EP19181576.0A Division EP3569774B1 (en) 2011-11-04 2012-10-29 Excavating machine comprising a steering tube that enables the rotation of the chassis
EP19181576.0A Division-Into EP3569774B1 (en) 2011-11-04 2012-10-29 Excavating machine comprising a steering tube that enables the rotation of the chassis

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EP2589706A1 true EP2589706A1 (en) 2013-05-08
EP2589706B1 EP2589706B1 (en) 2020-03-04

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2801668A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2014-11-12 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Excavation device for producing a trench in the ground

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EP0872596A2 (en) 1997-04-17 1998-10-21 SOILMEC S.p.A. Excavation equipment
US7685749B2 (en) 2007-01-26 2010-03-30 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Soil stripping device

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JP3861631B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2006-12-20 株式会社大林組 Bucket-type excavator and excavation method using bucket-type excavator
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JPS5028506U (en) * 1973-07-05 1975-04-01
JPS52124702A (en) * 1976-04-13 1977-10-20 Masao Yoshida Method of and device for excavating ditches for underground continuous walls
DE2750371A1 (en) * 1976-11-12 1978-05-18 Stabilator Ab WORKING MACHINE WITH TWO WORKING DEVICES
EP0872596A2 (en) 1997-04-17 1998-10-21 SOILMEC S.p.A. Excavation equipment
US7685749B2 (en) 2007-01-26 2010-03-30 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Soil stripping device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2801668A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2014-11-12 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Excavation device for producing a trench in the ground

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3569774A1 (en) 2019-11-20
EP2589706B1 (en) 2020-03-04
ES2864426T3 (en) 2021-10-13
FR2982284B1 (en) 2013-12-13
EP3569774B1 (en) 2021-01-13
FR2982284A1 (en) 2013-05-10
ES2797652T3 (en) 2020-12-03

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