EP2589141A2 - Engrenage différentiel pour une éolienne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner cet engrenage différentiel - Google Patents

Engrenage différentiel pour une éolienne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner cet engrenage différentiel

Info

Publication number
EP2589141A2
EP2589141A2 EP11731301.5A EP11731301A EP2589141A2 EP 2589141 A2 EP2589141 A2 EP 2589141A2 EP 11731301 A EP11731301 A EP 11731301A EP 2589141 A2 EP2589141 A2 EP 2589141A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency converter
differential gear
converter output
drive
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11731301.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Hehenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2589141A2 publication Critical patent/EP2589141A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • F16H48/30—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means
    • F16H48/34—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means using electromagnetic or electric actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more ac dynamo-electric motors
    • H02P5/747—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more ac dynamo-electric motors mechanically coupled by gearing
    • H02P5/753—Differential gearing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/005—Arrangements for controlling doubly fed motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/008—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output wherein the generator is controlled by the requirements of the prime mover
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/107—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of overloads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/42—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output to obtain desired frequency without varying speed of the generator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0666—Engine torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/083—Torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7064—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type
    • F05B2220/70642—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type of the synchronous type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/845—Redundancy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a differential gear for an energy production plant, in particular for a Windkraftanläge, with three inputs or outputs, with a first drive with a drive shaft of the power generation plant, an output with a connectable to a grid generator and a second drive with an electric machine Differential drive is connected and a method of operating this Differnzialgetriebes.
  • the invention further relates to an energy production plant, in particular wind turbine, with a drive shaft, a generator connectable to a network and a differential gear with three inputs and outputs, wherein a first drive with the drive shaft, an output with the generator and a second drive is connected to an electric machine as a differential drive.
  • an energy production plant in particular wind turbine, with a drive shaft, a generator connectable to a network and a differential gear with three inputs and outputs, wherein a first drive with the drive shaft, an output with the generator and a second drive is connected to an electric machine as a differential drive.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a differential gear.
  • Wind power plants are becoming increasingly important as electricity generation plants.
  • the percentage of electricity generated by wind is continuously increasing.
  • This requires new standards of power quality on the one hand and a trend towards even larger wind turbines on the other.
  • offshore wind turbines which require system sizes of at least 5 MW of installed capacity. Due to the high costs for infrastructure and maintenance of the wind turbines in the offshore sector, the availability of the turbines is of particular importance here.
  • Synchronous generators in combination with a differential gear and an auxiliary drive, which preferably provides a permanent magnet synchronous machine in combination with a low power IGBT frequency converter use.
  • the AT 507 395 A shows a differential system with an electric servo drive with a permanent magnet synchronous machine in combination with an IGBT frequency converter. Due to the gear ratios in the differential gear, however, special precautions have to be taken so that at e.g. Emergency stop of the power generation plant no damaging overspeed, so a speed above a predetermined maximum value, occur at the differential system. For this purpose, mechanical brakes are mostly used, which overspeeds by braking the e.g. Prevent differential drive.
  • the invention is therefore based on the task of taking appropriate precautions to prevent overspeeding. This object is achieved with a differential gear with the features of claim 1 and with an energy recovery system, in particular wind turbine, with the features of claim 17.
  • the electric machine can prevent an overspeed of the second drive in case of failure of a machine-side frequency converter output stage by electrical braking using at least one other machine-side frequency converter output stage, whereby a mechanical brake is no longer needed.
  • 1 shows a wind turbine according to the prior art with an electric drive consisting of permanent-magnet synchronous generator and IGBT frequency converter
  • 2 shows the principle of a differential gear with an electric differential drive according to the prior art
  • FIG. 6 shows various constructional arrangements of the permanent magnets of permanent magnet three-phase machines
  • Fig. 7 shows an example of the course of the braking torque at winding short circuit of the stator of a permanent magnet synchronous machine with Einnierwicklung and embedded permanent magnet.
  • the power of the rotor of a wind turbine is calculated from the formula
  • the rotor of a wind turbine is designed for an optimal power coefficient based on a fast running speed to be determined in the course of the development (usually a value between 7 and 9). For this reason, when operating the wind turbine in the partial load range, a correspondingly low speed must be set in order to ensure optimum aerodynamic efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 shows the principle of a variable-speed wind turbine according to the prior art with an electric drive with a permanent-magnet synchronous generator and an IGBT frequency converter, which are usually referred to as high-speed full converter systems.
  • a rotor 1 of the wind turbine which sits on a drive shaft 2 for a main gear 3, drives the main gear 3 at.
  • the main transmission 3 is a 3-stage transmission with two planetary stages and a spur gear.
  • Between the main transmission 3 and the generator 6 are a service brake 4 and a clutch 5.
  • the generator 6 - preferably a permanent magnet synchronous generator - is connected via a frequency converter 7 and a transformer 8 to a medium voltage network 9.
  • Fig. 2 shows a possible principle of a differential system for a variable speed wind turbine.
  • the rotor 1 of the wind turbine which sits on the drive shaft 2 for the main transmission 3, drives the main gear 3 at.
  • the main transmission 3 is a 3-stage transmission with two planetary stages and a spur gear.
  • Between main gear 3 and generator 13 is a differential stage 4, which is driven by the main gear 3 via a planet carrier 10 of the differential stage 4.
  • the generator 13 - preferably a foreign-excited synchronous generator, which may also have a rated voltage greater than 20kV if necessary - is connected to a ring gear 1 1 of the differential stage 4 and is driven by this.
  • a pinion 12 of the differential stage 4 is connected to a differential drive 14.
  • the speed of the differential drive 14 is controlled to one hand, to ensure a constant speed of the generator 13 at variable speed of the rotor 1 and on the other hand to regulate the torque in the complete drive train of the wind turbine.
  • a 2-stage differential gear is selected in the case shown, which provides an adjustment gear stage 15 in the form of a spur gear between differential stage 4 and differential drive 14.
  • the differential stage 4 and the adjustment gear 15 thus form the 2-stage differential gear.
  • the differential drive 14 is a three-phase machine, which is connected via a frequency converter 16 and a transformer 17 to the medium-voltage network 9.
  • differential drives When designing differential drives, however, important special cases must be considered. For example, a failure of the differential drive can cause serious damage.
  • An example is a forced emergency stop of the power generation plant at nominal operation.
  • the generator is disconnected from the grid and the transmittable torque in the drive train is suddenly at zero.
  • the speed of the rotor of the wind turbine is also regulated in this case, preferably by a quick adjustment of the rotor blade adjustment also very fast against a speed equal to zero. Due to the relatively high inertia of the generator but this will only slowly reduce its speed. As a result, unless the differential drive can at least partially maintain its torque without delay, an overspeed of the differential drive is unavoidable.
  • a mechanical brake which prevents damaging overspeeds in case of failure of the differential drive for the drive train.
  • WO2004 / 109157 A1 shows for this purpose a mechanical brake which acts directly on the generator shaft and thus can decelerate the generator accordingly.
  • Both the generator 6 according to FIG. 1 and the differential drive 14 according to FIG. 2 are preferably permanent magnet synchronous machines, but the differential drive 14 can be dimensioned much smaller than the generator 6. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the frequency converter of both systems.
  • the power of the differential drive 14 is substantially proportional to the product of percent deviation of the rotor speed from its base speed (usually referred to as "slip") times rotor power Accordingly, a large speed range generally requires a correspondingly large dimensioning of the differential drive 14.
  • Fig. 3 shows the redundant structure of a 2 is a permanent-magnet synchronous machine 18 (FIG. 3) with two electrically separate windings, as a rule three-phase windings acted. It may be advantageous to perform the electric machine not as an inner rotor but as an external rotor, in which case the stator, the permanent magnets and the rotor has the parallel windings.
  • this synchronous machine 18 Connected to this synchronous machine 18 are two parallel IGBT full bridges 19, which are independently controllable by a controller and each provided with capacitors 20 and are connected to a DC link 23 via DC fuses 21.
  • the DC fuses 21 are recommended inasmuch as in a short circuit in a frequency converter output stage 22 of the DC link is not also shorted and thus further operation of the system is impossible.
  • These frequency converter output stages 22, essentially consisting essentially of controlled IGBT full bridges 19, controllers, capacitors 20, current measurement and DC fuses 21, can be connected to the required busbar / cabling on a common carrier plate, which at the same time is a part of the heat sink or connected thereto is to be mounted.
  • the cooling in particular of the IGBTs is preferably a water cooling, but can also be designed as air cooling. Said support plate is preferably guided and secured in slide rails. If, in addition, the external power and coolant connections are generally or only partially pluggable, faulty frequency converter output stages 22 can be changed quickly and easily in the event of a fault.
  • the DC intermediate circuit 23 is the connecting element for the individual frequency converter output stages 22.
  • a so-called brake chopper 24 with resistors is preferably also connected here. This brake chopper 24 can also destroy excess energy in case of power failure.
  • This energy store 25 preferably consists essentially of supercaps connected to the DC intermediate circuit 23. To make the voltage level for the operating range of these supercaps optimal or flexible, they can be connected via DC / DC converter to the DC intermediate circuit 23. Depending on the operation of the power plant, the energy storage 25 may also take over the function of the brake chopper 24 under certain circumstances.
  • the same frequency converter output stages 22 are preferably used. However, these frequency converter output stages 22 have different functions to be fulfilled on the network side than the machine-side frequency converter output stages described above.
  • a so-called LCL filter 27 is provided. For redundancy reasons, this can be carried out separately for each line-side frequency converter output stage 22.
  • fuses 28 and power switch 29 can be easily implemented. However, there is no redundancy for these components.
  • the line-side IGBT full bridges would have to be controlled in parallel, which often leads to unpleasant balancing currents between the frequency converter output stages 22 in practice and thus makes not insignificant power reductions necessary.
  • FIG. 3 shows two parallel power strings each having a winding of the electric machine 18 and a machine side, i. generator side, and a network-side frequency converter output stage 22, an LCL filter 27, a fuse 28 and a power switch 29.
  • a machine side i. generator side
  • a network-side frequency converter output stage 22 an LCL filter 27, a fuse 28 and a power switch 29.
  • it can also be realized a higher number of parallel power lines.
  • the number of winding types of the synchronous machine 18 the same as the number of the machine-side frequency converter output stages 22.
  • the number of winding types will not be smaller than the number of the machine-side frequency converter output stages 22 in order to avoid the problem already described above of the IGBT full bridges which are then to be controlled in parallel.
  • the number of frequency converter output stages 22 is higher on the line side than on the machine side. However, it may also make sense for various reasons to select the number of frequency converter output stages 22 higher on the machine side than on the line side.
  • the brake chopper 24 and / or the energy storage 25 are then designed so that the excess energy can be stored.
  • the mentioned 50% of the rated torque is usually sufficient to prevent an overspeed of the differential drive, whereby the use of a mechanical brake is no longer required.
  • the permanent-magnet synchronous machines In the event of a winding short circuit or short circuit of the winding due to a short circuit in one of the machine-side IGBT full bridges, the permanent-magnet synchronous machines generate a large braking torque whose size depends on the design of the machines. Thus, in the example according to FIG. 3, one power train would drive, but the other power train would brake and further operation of the system would only be possible with difficulty. In the event of a short circuit in one of the frequency converter output stages 22, the short-circuited frequency converter output stage 22 could also be disconnected from the connected winding of the generator via a fuse or a circuit breaker.
  • a large field weakening range can be realized if a) the magnetic flux linkage between rotor and stator has a high asymmetry between the longitudinal and transverse axes and / or b) the leakage inductance in the stator is large (large series inductance).
  • Both of the above properties can be characterized by constructive measures and thereby an increased field weakening range (up to 3 times the rated speed) with operationally sufficient torque (up to 0.4 times the rated torque) can be achieved.
  • High leakage inductances are preferably achieved by the use of single-tooth windings with asymmetrical groove / pole pair ratio.
  • the single-tooth winding which makes it possible to produce motors with a small footprint and high efficiency, is characterized in that each winding coil encloses exactly one stator tooth. By comparison, in a distributed winding, each winding coil always encloses several stator teeth.
  • the single-tooth winding can be designed as a single-layer or two-layer winding.
  • FIG. 4 shows by way of example a stator 31 developed into the plane of the drawing with a two-layered single winding 33 with nine grooves 32 and a rotor 36 with four permanent magnet pole pairs 35. Stand 31 and rotor 36 are separated by the air gap 34.
  • the stray inductance can be increased by narrowed slot slots.
  • a typical stator slot shape 37 is shown as used in distributed windings.
  • the wide slot slot 40 is closed with a slot wedge 39.
  • a possible stator groove shape 38 is shown as it can be used in Einstattwicklept.
  • the slot slot 41 is narrowed and does not necessarily have to be closed by a slot key 40, as shown in FIG. 5a. Narrowly narrowed slot slots are relatively problematic in single-tooth windings, since the windings can be introduced in the groove longitudinal direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic section of a developed in the plane of the rotor 36 with various structural arrangements the permanent magnets 35 are shown.
  • Fig. 6a) shows the magnets 35 built on the rotor 31
  • Fig. 6b) shows in the rotor 31 embedded magnets 35
  • Figs. 6c) and 6d) show in the rotor 31 embedded magnets 35.
  • Another amplification of the asymmetric flux linkage can be achieved by constructively set, so-called magnetic flux barriers.
  • Fig. 6d the arrangement of the magnetic flux barrier 42 is shown by way of example.
  • the magnetic flux barriers 42 can be realized by inserting a magnetically non-conductive material, or in the simplest case by a blank space created by punching.
  • a permanent magnet synchronous machine equipped with electrically separated three-phase windings can continue to operate at partial load in the event of a fault (phase short circuit). It should be noted that the short-circuited winding generates a braking torque. This braking torque is much lower at high stray inductance (as described above).
  • Fig. 7 shows an example of the course of the resulting due to a winding short-circuit braking torque in% of the rated torque depending on the speed of the synchronous machine. It can be seen at about 20% of the rated speed a peak, which, however, at a speed increase or -reduction control technology skipped, ie can be passed quickly. In the other speed ranges, the torque settles at about 10% of the nominal torque.
  • the course of the braking torque shown here may differ more or less from the values shown with changed synchronous machine parameters.
  • the power generation system can largely continue to be operated with approximately 45% of the rated system torque.
  • Wind turbines are operated over long periods of time in the partial load range, there is an energy yield loss only in the operating range with more than 45% of the rated torque.
  • a mean annual wind speed at hub height of 7.5 m / s with Rayleigh distribution (this covers a large part of the world's commercially exploitable wind areas) is statistically the energy yield loss only about 1/3 of the energy yield achievable with fully functional system.
  • a further advantage of the single-tooth winding described above is that the error case (phase short circuit) is very unlikely, since the contact of different phases in a slot is very greatly reduced compared to the distributed winding (FIG. 4).
  • the single-layer single-layer winding there is no contact at all between different phases in a groove because only one winding (one phase) is ever laid in a groove.
  • the described embodiments are only an example and are preferably used in wind turbines, but are also feasible in technically similar applications. This applies especially to hydropower plants for the exploitation of river and ocean currents. The same basic requirements apply to this application as for wind turbines, namely variable flow rate.
  • the drive shaft is driven directly or indirectly by the devices driven by the flow medium, for example water, in these cases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

Engrenage différentiel (4) pour une installation de production d'énergie, en particulier pour une éolienne, qui comporte trois entraînements et sortie, un premier entraînement étant accouplé à un arbre d'entraînement (2) de l'installation de production d'énergie, une sortie étant accouplée à un générateur (13) pouvant être raccordé à un réseau (9) et un second entraînement étant accouplé à une machine électrique (14, 8) en tant qu'engrenage différentiel (14). Au moins deux étages terminaux (22) de convertisseur de fréquence situés côté machine sont reliés à la machine électrique (14, 18). Ladite machine électrique (14, 18) peut ainsi empêcher une survitesse de rotation du second entraînement, en cas de défaillance d'un étage terminal (22) de convertisseur de fréquence situé côté machine, par freinage électrique à l'aide d'au moins un autre étage terminal (22) de convertisseur de fréquence situé côté machine.
EP11731301.5A 2010-07-01 2011-06-30 Engrenage différentiel pour une éolienne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner cet engrenage différentiel Withdrawn EP2589141A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1113/2010A AT510119B1 (de) 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 Differenzialgetriebe für eine windkraftanlage und verfahren zum betreiben dieses differenzialgetriebes
PCT/EP2011/061081 WO2012001138A2 (fr) 2010-07-01 2011-06-30 Engrenage différentiel pour une éolienne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner cet engrenage différentiel

Publications (1)

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EP2589141A2 true EP2589141A2 (fr) 2013-05-08

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EP11731301.5A Withdrawn EP2589141A2 (fr) 2010-07-01 2011-06-30 Engrenage différentiel pour une éolienne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner cet engrenage différentiel

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Country Link
US (1) US20130090203A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2589141A2 (fr)
AT (1) AT510119B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012001138A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2905466A1 (fr) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de réduction d'un couple d'équilibrage dans une chaîne cinématique
DE102014105985A1 (de) * 2014-04-29 2015-10-29 Sma Solar Technology Ag Wandlermodul zur Umwandlung elektrischer Leistung und Wechselrichter für eine Photovoltaikanlage mit mindestens zwei Wandlermodulen
AT14813U1 (de) 2014-12-22 2016-06-15 Gerald Hehenberger Antriebsstrang und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebsstranges
DE102015107934A1 (de) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Voith Patent Gmbh Drehzahländerbares Antriebssystem und Verfahren zum Aufstarten und/oder Betreiben eines Drehzahländerbaren Antriebssystems
DE102019119473A1 (de) * 2019-07-18 2021-01-21 Renk Aktiengesellschaft Triebstranganordnung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19751231A1 (de) * 1997-11-19 1999-06-10 Abb Research Ltd Antriebsvorrichtung
DE19955586A1 (de) * 1999-11-18 2001-06-13 Siemens Ag Windkraftanlage
EP1283359A1 (fr) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-12 RWE Piller Gmbh Centrale d'énergie éolienne
US7115066B1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2006-10-03 Lee Paul Z Continuously variable ratio transmission
GB0313345D0 (en) 2003-06-10 2003-07-16 Hicks R J Variable ratio gear
AT504818A1 (de) * 2004-07-30 2008-08-15 Windtec Consulting Gmbh Triebstrang einer windkraftanlage
ATE394828T1 (de) * 2005-06-08 2008-05-15 Abb Schweiz Ag Verfahren zum betrieb einer rotierenden elektrischen maschine sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens
JP4749852B2 (ja) * 2005-11-30 2011-08-17 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 モータ駆動装置及びそれを用いた自動車
DE102006040929B4 (de) * 2006-08-31 2009-11-19 Nordex Energy Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Windenergieanlage mit einem Synchrongenerator und einem Überlagerungsgetriebe
US7852643B2 (en) * 2007-06-27 2010-12-14 General Electric Company Cross current control for power converter system
AT507395A3 (de) * 2008-10-09 2012-09-15 Hehenberger Gerald Differentialgetriebe für windkraftanlage

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Publication number Publication date
WO2012001138A2 (fr) 2012-01-05
WO2012001138A3 (fr) 2012-06-21
AT510119B1 (de) 2015-06-15
US20130090203A1 (en) 2013-04-11
AT510119A1 (de) 2012-01-15

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