Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
  • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
  • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
  • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
  • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
  • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
  • B04C5/28—Multiple arrangement thereof for parallel flow

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a dividing apparatus for dividing a process gas flow such that the process gas is directed to different portions of a separating apparatus, particularly but not exclusively to an apparatus and a method for dividing gas flow in a pneumatic conveying dryer including two cyclonic separation units, where a product to be dried is conveyed through a dryer duct by a flow of process gas.
• Tobacco leaves are processed for cigarette manufacture in a primary tobacco process.
• the laminate portions of the tobacco leaves are compressed and then cut in a cutting machine to create tobacco particles suitable for cigarette manufacturers.
• Other examples of similar products with a laminar form in a processing stage could be herb leaves for culinary purposes and tea leaves for loose leaf tea. Separation and processing of the laminate portions requires a drying step. Drying can be achieved with a pneumatic conveying dryer.
• the process gas is often air, superheated steam, nitrogen, or a mixture of these or similar gases.
• the product is dried in the gas stream and conveyed along in the gas flow.
• the dried product is then separated from the process gas stream by a gas/product separator.
• FIG 1 illustrates a conventional cyclone 100 in use in a pneumatic conveying drying process.
• the cyclone 100 comprises in l et 1 02 located at a n u pper (as illustrated) cylindrical portion 104 and a lower (as illustrated) conical portion 106 including cyclone opening 108.
• the cylindrical portion 104 further comprises an exhaust outlet 1 10.
• process gas and particulate matter from the drying process enters the cyclone inlet 102 and the path of the fluid flow in the cyclone 100 is illustrated in Figure 1 by the sol id line.
• the solid line represents high speed rotating flow, known as the outer vortex, established within the upper (as illustrated) cyl indrical section 1 04 of the cyclone and extend ing in a spiral manner into the lower (as ill ustrated) con ical portion 1 06 of the cyclone. Separation occurs due to vortex separation created by the spiral flow of the gas. Particles in the rotating fluid flow, particularly large and dense particles cannot follow the path of the confined spiral due to their inertia, and instead strike the walls of the cyclone 100 before falling towards opening 108 and thus becoming separated from the process gas stream, shown falling in the direction of solid arrow A in Figure 1 .
• the tighter radius of the spiral in the conical portion 106 of the cyclone 100 has the effect of separating lighter and smaller particles.
• the process gas exits the cyclone 100 through the centre of the cyclone 100 as an inner vortex flow illustrated in Figure 1 with dashed lines.
• the exiting process gas flow now separated from some particulate matter, is exhausted at clean gas exhaust outlet 1 1 0.
• the process gas is exhausted as a cleaner gas with less entrained particulate matter.
• Figure 2 illustrates a tangential separator 200 of a conventional type, comprising inlet 202, settling chamber 204, openings 206 and exhaust outlet 208.
• process gas and particulate matter from a drying process enter the tangential separator 200 and flow through the settling chamber 204 in a manner as illustrated with a solid line in Figure 2.
• the settling chamber 204 is arranged tangentially to the fluid flow. Large, dense particles cease to be entrained in the fluid flow as the flow path extends across the chamber 204, the particles are settle and drop out of the fluid flow path through openings 206.
• the exiting process gas flow now separated from some particulate matter, is exhausted at clean gas exhaust outlet 208.
• the process gas is exhausted as a cleaner gas with less entrained particulate matter.
• the dryer dimensions, drying qualities and performance should be matched to the requirements for the drying process flow rate required. Therefore, one of the practical problems with pneumatic conveying dryers is that their size is such that it is often necessary to substantially modify or extend locally a building housing the dryer in order to accommodate the dryer. Often such building provisions are costly and inconvenient and the drying system becomes height or width limited.
• the present invention provides a flow division apparatus comprising a process gas inlet communicating with a process gas outlet by means of a fl uid flow path , and a divider apparatus, a separation apparatus comprising two or more separators being arranged downstream of the process gas outlet and the divider apparatus being arranged in the fluid flow path such that, in use, process gas flowing along the fluid flow path from the process gas inlet to the process gas outlet and to the said separation apparatus passes through the divider apparatus, wherein a divider plate is provided , downstream of the process gas inlet, for dividing the process gas flow between the said two or more separators.
• the divider plate is mounted in a static arrangement in the fluid flow path.
• the d ivider apparatus further comprises a rotatable member, preferably a cooled bar, provided upstream of the divider plate and close to the divider plate such that, in use, process gas divides and passes around the rotatable member and passes either side of the divider plate. In some situations particulate product may accumulate on the leading edge of the divider plate.
• the rotatable bar avoids such accumulation as any particulate product matter which may become stuck to the divider plate impinges first instead on the rotatable member or bar. Particulate matter is then removed due to the relative velocity between the process gas flow around the divider apparatus and the rotation of the surface of the bar, thus avoiding the need to undertake a cleaning operation, which may require process downtime and be expensive. Accumulation of the product within a dryer is undesirable, since the product may degrade due to the effect of heating and overdrying with the additional time spent within the process chamber apparatus.
• the present invention seeks to eliminate these problems by preventing accumulation of product on the division of the process duct.
• the bar may comprise one or more internal passageways in fluid connection with a water supply such that, in use, circulation of cooling water flowing along the internal passageways cools the bar.
• the bar is cooled to a temperature less than or equal to the dew point of the process gas.
• the cooling results in a film of condensation forming on the surface of the cooled bar, and this condensation prevents product material from sticking to the surface of the bar and accumulating thereon .
• product material can interfere with the process gas flow.
• the accumulated material may randomly break away and contaminate the final product as it leaves the cyclone.
• the cooled bar can alleviate this problem.
• the divider apparatus may further comprise a scraper for cleaning the rotatable member.
• the scraper removes and releases any product wh ich has adhered to the bar, before it has had time to become degraded by exposure to the process gas for an excessive length of time.
• the process gas flow comprises gas exhausted from a drying process and particulate material, more preferably the particulate product is tobacco and the drying process gas is one of the group of air, superheated steam, nitrogen and a mixture of the gases.
• the separation apparatus being arranged downstream of the process gas outlet comprises at least two cyclones arranged in parallel in the fluid flow.
• the overall height required for the drying apparatus equipment can be reduced as the same process gas flow for a single large (single) cyclone can now be achieved with two smaller, parallel cyclones. This can avoid the need to adapt or mod ify existing buildings housing the dryer.
• the separating apparatus being arranged downstream of the process gas outlet comprises at least two cyclones arranged sequentially in the fluid flow path.
• the use of cyclonic separating apparatus having at least two cyclones means that the system can take advantage of the higher separation efficiency afforded by smaller diameter cyclones as the two or more cyclones can be of smaller diameter than a single cyclone and still achieve the same process gas flow as a single, larger cyclone.
• a divider apparatus is provided at each of a set of two or more cyclones so as to route the fluid flow into each of the two, or more, cyclones.
• the present invention therefore provides, for use in a pneumatic conveying drying process, a flow division apparatus mounted across an incoming fluid flow, the flu id flow conveying gas and particulate product towards a separating apparatus for separating product from the fluid flow, wherein the flow division apparatus comprises a rotatable member.
• the flow division apparatus comprises a rotatable member.
• the rotatable member is a cooled rod, more preferably the dividision apparatus further comprises a scraper for cleaning the rotatable member.
• the separating apparatus is a cyclonic separating apparatus.
• the present invention therefore provides, a method of dividing particulate product and drying process gas from a process gas fluid flow in a pneumatic conveying drying process, the process gas flu id flow conveying gas and particulate product towards a separating apparatus for separating particulate product from the process gas fluid flow, the method comprising the steps of;
• the method further comprises the step of cool ing the rotatable member to less than or equal to the dew point of the process.
• the cooling creates a film of condensation on the rotatable member and reduces the particulate material accumulating on the rotatable member
• the method further comprises the step of cleaning the surface of the rotatable member with a scraper. This removes any particulate matter that may have built up on the surface.
• F ig u re 1 is a cross sectional view of a conventional cyclone separation apparatus
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of a tangential separation apparatus
• Figure 3 is a plan view of a drying duct incorporating the separating apparatus and the divider apparatus of the present invention.
• FIG 4 is a plan view of the flow divider apparatus of Figure 3, in further detail.
• a type of conventional separating apparatus wil l now be described with reference to the apparatus of Figures 1 and 2.
• Some details of the structure and operation of the separating apparatus have been set out above and summary details are as follows.
• process gas and particulate matter from the drying process enters at an inlet 102, 202 and separation occurs, with the exhaust or cleaned gas exiting at outlet 1 10, 208. In this way the exiting process gas flow, now separated from some particulate matter, is exhausted as a cleaner gas with less entrained particulate matter.
• a drying duct 1 is located upstream of the separating apparatus and is arranged in communication with two cyclones 2, 4.
• the cyclones 2, 4 are configured in parallel.
• a flow divider 6 is located in the drying duct 1 .
• the flow divider 6 includes a rotatable bar 8 located upstream of a fixed, static divider plate 10 within the drying duct 1 .
• Figure 4 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the flow divider 6 in more detail.
• the direction of rotation of the rotatable bar 8, arrow B, is in an anticlockwise direction.
• the rotatable bar is driven by a motor and drive means (not shown).
• a scraper 12 is fixedly connected to the divider plate 10 and arranged to extend towards the rotatable bar 12 impinge thereon.
• the scraper 12 shown in Figure 4 is brought into engagement by the frictional force of its connection to the divider plate 10, the scraper 12 however could be urged into engagement with the rotatable bar 8 under the resilient biasing force of a spring or a weight bearing means or other means.
• Cooling ducts 14 are located within the rotatable bar 8 and connected to cooling water circulation means (not shown).
• the divider 6 may include rotatable bar 8 alone and with or without cooling.
• process gas flow 5 entering the drying duct 1 from a pneumatic conveying drying process is divided such that it d ischarges into the two cyclones 2, 4.
• the process gas flow 5 from the dryer approaches the flow divider 6 and the gas flow 5 passes either side of the rotating bar 8 and divider plate 10 and continues as two separate flows to each of the two cyclones 2, 4.
• Figure 4 shows the scenario where some particles of product 16 adhere to the face of the rotating bar 8. Although this may happen, as the bar 8 rotates the gas flow around the bar 8 tends to detach these particles 16.
• any particles 16 remaining stuck to its surface are removed and released by the action of the scraper 12 at the surface of the rotatable bar 8 and conveyed towa rds the cyclones 2 , 4 by the gas stream 5.
• the scraped particles 16 are released predominantly towards cyclone 4.
• the particles 1 6 released are added to the overall process flow and material entering cyclone 4.
• the rotational speed of the bar in use in the embodiment is around 1 0 rpm .
• Rotational speeds of 5-500 rpm may be used.
• Several hu nd red rpm are possible in the system.
• the most effective removal of particulate material from the bar would involve a speed of rotation comparable to the speed of the process gas, at 10,000 rpm. Such speeds are impractical to achieve in th is separation and dividing system and scraper 12 assists instead.
• the particulate material is further prevented from sticking to the rotatable bar 8 as cooling the bar by circulating cold water though it enables temperature of the surface of the bar 8 to be controlled to a temperature close to, at, or below the dew point of the process gas.
• a film of condensation occurs on the surface of the bar 8, and this condensation prevents product material from sticking to the surface of the bar.
• the dew point is between around 98 and 100 degrees C.
• the embodiment provides a flow division apparatus comprising a process gas inlet communicating with the inlet to a plurality of gas/solids separators.
• the flow divider does not necessarily separate product from the process gas but allows multiple separators to be used, and equally d ivides the flow to each cyclone or other type of separator.
• the flow divider discourages the build up of product on the leading edge of the divider, the apparatus in the form of a cooled bar may be used with or without the feature of rotation.
• a divider plate can, for example, comprise a number of component parts joined together.

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• 2010
  • 2010-06-24 GB GB201010596A patent/GB2481429A/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-06-16 EP EP11729656.6A patent/EP2585221B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-06-16 WO PCT/GB2011/051126 patent/WO2011161433A1/en active Application Filing

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