CA1136583A - Method and apparatus for separating particles from a flow by centrifugal force - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for separating particles from a flow by centrifugal forceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1136583A CA1136583A CA000332205A CA332205A CA1136583A CA 1136583 A CA1136583 A CA 1136583A CA 000332205 A CA000332205 A CA 000332205A CA 332205 A CA332205 A CA 332205A CA 1136583 A CA1136583 A CA 1136583A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- chamber
- end walls
- axially
- eddy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
- B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
- Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING PARTICLES FROM
A FLOW BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
Solid particles suspended in a flowing gas are separated from the gas by tangentially driving the gas and particles into a substantially cylindrical eddy chamber substantially along the entire axial length of the chamber. Axially arranged suction pipes are connected to suction fans and reach mirror-symmetrically into the eddy chamber for with-drawing the clean gas from a central zone of the chamber.
The eddy chamber has end walls through which the suction pipes extend concentrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical eddy chamber. Particle exits are provided in the chamber end walls at points to which second-ary flows tend to transport the particles. These particle exits are so located that they are in line with the trans-port direction of the particles by the secondary flows.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING PARTICLES FROM
A FLOW BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
Solid particles suspended in a flowing gas are separated from the gas by tangentially driving the gas and particles into a substantially cylindrical eddy chamber substantially along the entire axial length of the chamber. Axially arranged suction pipes are connected to suction fans and reach mirror-symmetrically into the eddy chamber for with-drawing the clean gas from a central zone of the chamber.
The eddy chamber has end walls through which the suction pipes extend concentrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical eddy chamber. Particle exits are provided in the chamber end walls at points to which second-ary flows tend to transport the particles. These particle exits are so located that they are in line with the trans-port direction of the particles by the secondary flows.
Description
-`~ 113ti5~3 1 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating particles from a flow by centrifugal force.
More specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating the specific heavier components from a flow of a gaseous medium in which these particles are suspended, whereby centrifugal force is employed for the separation. The flow which includes the gas which is the lightest component of the flow and the heavier particles suspended therein is first diverted from a straight path into a curved path. An eddy flow is caused by the direct contact of the flow with the inner curvature zone of an eddy chamber in which an eddy separation is accomplished by means of a rotating eddy. The specific lighter component, namely the clean gas, is sucked out centrally of the eddy chamber~ The flow of the gas with the particles suspended therein is in-troduced tangentially into the eddy chamber and along the en-tire width or axial length of the eddy chamber. The removal of the clean gas may be accomplished by two suction pipes connected to suction fans and reaching axially and mirror-symmetrically substantially into the centex of the eddy chamber.
German Patent 2,160,415, inventor Ernst-August Bielefeldt laid open to public inspection on July 5, 1973 in the Federal Republic of Germany, discloses a method as described above.
In said German Patent the separated particles are removed tan-gentially out of the eddy chamber by means of a partial flow ~` 113~583 1 which contains a partial volume of the entire gas particle mixture. If it is necessary to collect the particles separ-ated by such a device as disclosed in the above German Patent, a so-called direct separator must be connected to the centri-fugal separator downstream thereof.
British Patent 733,786 (patentee Waagner-Biro Aktiengesell-schaft) published July 20, 1955, discloses a centrifugal type dust separator, particularly for multi-cellular plants in which secondary current flows are to be suppressed and in which the ends of a dust separator cell are provided with radially extending outputs. The input of the separator cell extends tangentially.
U. S. Patent 474,490 (G. Walter~ patented May 10, 1892 des-cribes a dust collector which is so arranged that the inlet as well as the dust particle outlet extend tangentially.
The inlet and dust outlet extend over the entire axial width of the separator chamber, however, in such a manner that the dust is collected by gravity in a downwardly pointing dust hopper. The intentional generation of secondary flows is not disclosed by U. S. Patent 474,490.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
. ~ ~ . .
In view of the above it is the aim of the invention to achieve the following objects singly or in combination:
113~;583 1 to provide a method for the separation of heavier particles from a lighter gas by centrifugal force in such a manner that the particles are transported into a collecting chamber substantially without the aid of a primary flow but with the aid of a secondary flow;
to arrange the exit openings for the separated particles in such a manner that the secondary flow will transport the separated particles directly into such open-ings without the aid of an external suction;
to construct a centrifugal separator in such a manner that the exit openings for the particles are located axially in the end walls of the separating chamber;
to operate and construct a centrifugal separator in such a manner that its separation efficiency is comparable to electrostatic precipitators or separators operating with cloth filtersi and to drive the primary circular eddy flow in the eddy chamber at an r.p.m. of about 50,000.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
According to the invention the axially effective flow compo-nents of the secondary flow are utilized to carry the separ-ated particles through openings in the axial end walls of the eddy chamber, preferably without any suction effect at these openings. Thus, the invention provides in a surpris-ingly simple and inexpensive manner a direct separator which 1 may be advantageously integrated into a dust separator system comprising a plurality of eddy chambers. Further, the present separator may be used as a centrifuge, as a so-called hydroseparator and so forth. The separators according to the invention may be installed in a dust bin or may be connected thereto. Similarly the present devices are suitable for individual use and may be constructed in various sizes.
The present apparatus comprises an eddy chamber which accord-ing to the invention is provided with dust removal openings in its axial end walls. These openings are located close to the cylindrical wall of the chamber. In addition, the chamber may be provided with a so-called peeling slot which is known as such. In a further improved embodiment of the invention a crescent shaped channel forming wall member is installed in the eddy chamber whereby apparently secondary flows are created on both sides of the crescent shaped separ-ation wall which forms a flow rotating channel. Dust removal openings are then located adjacent to the crescent shaped wall and adjacent to the outer wall but in the axial end walls of the eddy chamber.
BRIEF FIGURE DESCRIPTION:
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, it will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a sectional view through a separator apparatus according to the invention along the section line 1 - 1 in Fig. 2;
1~365~3 1 Fig. 2 is a sectional view along section line 2 - 2 in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 illustrates a view similar to that of Fig. 1 however with the modification that acrescent shaped separation wall forms two flow channels whereby the sectional view extends along sec-tion line 3 - 3 in Fig. 4;
Fig. 4 i5 a sectional view along section lines 4 - 4 in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 4, however, illustrating staggered end walls for the separation chamber proper;
Fig. 6 is an enlargement of the area llyl~ in Fig. 5;
and Fig. 7 shows a sectional view similar to that of Figs. 1 or 3, with a peeling slot in the lateral wall of the separation chamber.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS AND
OF THE BEST MODE OF THE INVENTION:
Figs. 1 and 2 show a separator apparatus comprising a sub-stantiaily cylindrical eddy chamber 1 formed by a curved wall 2 and two axial end walls 15 as best seen in Fig. 2.
The eddy chamher 1 has a longitudinal central axis 1' which extends perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing in 1~3~i583 1 Fig. 1. Two immersion piPes 8 extend mirror-symmetrically and coaxially relative to said central chamber axis 1' into the chamber as best seen in Fig. 2. Suction fans represented by arrows Qre are operatively connected to the immersion pipes 8 for the withdrawal of the clean gas from the eddy chamber. The inner ends of the immersion pipes 8 are spaced from each other so that a substantially point shaped sink flow Z is formed in the zone between the inner ends of the pipes 8. A "point shaped"
sink flow is a sink flow in which the flow lines converge toward a point as shown in Fig. 2.
An inlet channel 12 which extends along the entire axial length of the chamber 1 as best seen in Fig. 2, merges tangentially into the chamber 1 as best seen in Fig. 1. According to the invention the axial end walls 15 of the chamber 1 comprise par-ticle discharge slots 14 which may be located near the outer wall 2 and/or near the pipes 8. The eddy chamber 1 is, for example, enclosed by a particle collecting housing 16 forming with its lower end a bin or bunker 7 from which the particles may be periodically removed, for example manually.
In operation, the flow of gas with the particles suspended therein is forced into the inlet channel 12 as indicated by the arrow Qro a very rapidly rotating "stationary" eddy is generated in the eddy chamber 1. The fan means for driving the flow Qro into the chamber 1 are not shown. According to the invention the "stationary" eddy flow constitutes a primary eddy flow 17 rotating at about 50,000 r.p.m. The primary eddy flow 17 induces in the eddy chamber 1 a secondary flow 18 which adjacent to the central axis 1' travels toward the sink flow Z and which travels along the inner surface of the walls of the chamber 1 axially outwardly toward the exit openings or slots 14 in the axial end walls 15 of the chamber 1. By 1 utilizing the secondary flow 18 for transporting the particles directly into and through the exit openings 14 the invention achieves a surprisingly high efficiency for centrifugal separ-ators. According to the invention the cleaning efficiency is better than 99.9% of the particles carried in the gas flow Qro.
Such a cleaning efficiency has been achieved heretofore only by means of electrostatic precipitators or by cloth type fil-ters. Moreover, the invention removes particles having sizes as small as about one half of a micron.
Due to the "stationary" primary eddy flow 17 the particles are driven radially outwardly toward the inner surfaces of the chamber wall 2 of the eddy chamber 1 to generate a secondary flow 18. The secondary flow 18 moving axially outwardly along the chamber walls 2 entrains the particles thereby transporting them toward the axial end walls 15 of the chamber 1. The cham-ber end walls divert the secondary flow radially inwardly along the chamber walls 15 and toward the pipes 8. However, due to the exit slots 14 according to the invention, the particles keep travelling in the axial direction and thus out of the chamber 1 into the bin 7. The cleaned gas leaves the eddy chamber through the immersion pipes 8 as shown by the arrows Qre. In this way even the finest particles down to a size of about one half of one micron are effectively removed from the flow. Although the finest particles first travel axially inwardly driven by the secondary flow along the immersion pipes 8, the sink flow in the zone Z in combination with the secondary flow cause the finest parti-cles to travel on spiral paths around the pipes 8. The spiral paths have radii which increase radially outwardly in planes extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 1'. In ,, .
113~i583 1 other words, the largest radius of the spiral path is present in the central zone around the sink flow zone Z whereby the finest particles are carried again radially outwardly and back into the axial secondary flow 18 toward the exits 14.
Thus, the finest particles do not reach the suction effect zone adjacent to the inner openings of the suction pipes 8, whereby a very efficient separation zone is present adjacent to and around the suction pipes.
Fig. 3 shows an eddy chamber 20 within a curved wall 21 in which there is arranged a crescent shaped wall member 4 forming a rotation channel 3 between the crescent member 4 and the curved wall 21. The crescent member 4 has such a shape that the rotation channel 3 as viewed in the radial direction has substantially a constant cross sectional width.
The rotation channel 3 extends across the entire axial length of the chamber 20 as best seen in Fig. 4. According to the invention discharge slots 5 are provided in the axial end walls 15 adjacent to the curved wall 21 radially outwardly of the crescent member 4 and further discharge openings 14' are located in the axial end walls of the chamber 20 adjacent to the crescent member 4 but radially inwardly thereof as seen in Fig. 4. Separate secondary flows are generated radially inwardly and outwardly of the crescent member 4 thereby dis-charging the particles through the discharge openings 5 and 14' into the bin 7.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4 a very beneficial separation mechanism for the particles dispersed in the gas is achieved because the residence time of the particles in the separation chamber is increased due to the fact that in ` 113~583 1 the central sink flow zone Z only a partial volume of the gas is withdrawn and another proportion of the gas will travel through the rotation channel 3 around the crescent member 4. Thus the longer residence times are achieved for the finest particles in the chamber 20, whereby the transport of the particles radially outwardly around the immersion pipes 8 is facilitated. The flow through the rotation channel 3 is gradually enriched with particles by the continuous supply of the raw or contaminated gas flow as indicated by the arrow Qro to such an extent, for example, with dust particles, that the so-called limit load is exceeded, whereby these particles are continuously and easily discharged through the discharge slots 5. Thus, the sucked off proportion of the clean gas indicated b~ the arrows Qre is substantially improved with regard to its quality or rather cleanness.
In Figs. 5 and 6 the eddy chamber 30 has end walls 31 and 32 as well as 33 and 34. Slots 5' are provided in the end walls 32 and 34. The end wall 31 is staggered axially inwardly relative to the end wall portion 32. Similarly, the end wall 33 is staggered axially inwardly relative to the wall portion 34.
This type of structure takes advantage of the fact that the opening 14' and the opening 6 cooperate in the discharge of particles as indicated by the arrows passing through the open-ing 14' and the opening 6. Thus, the invention makes quite certain that not only the particles which move axially with the first secondary flow 1~ in the chamber 30 are removed through the discharge opening 14', but that also particles which may have remained in the secondary flow 9 in the rotation channel 3 and which are now travelling along a radial path 9' are effec-tively discharged through the openings 6 located substantiallytangentially relative to the portion 9' of the secondary flow 9.
~t,..
1 Fig. 7 shows a modification wherein the eddy chamber is provided witha peeling slot 10 which facilitates the removal of the coarser particles in the flow 11 because these coarser particles are accumulated by the centrifugal force along the inside surface of the eddy chamber.
Although the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be appreciated, that it is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the appended claims.
" ,~
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating particles from a flow by centrifugal force.
More specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating the specific heavier components from a flow of a gaseous medium in which these particles are suspended, whereby centrifugal force is employed for the separation. The flow which includes the gas which is the lightest component of the flow and the heavier particles suspended therein is first diverted from a straight path into a curved path. An eddy flow is caused by the direct contact of the flow with the inner curvature zone of an eddy chamber in which an eddy separation is accomplished by means of a rotating eddy. The specific lighter component, namely the clean gas, is sucked out centrally of the eddy chamber~ The flow of the gas with the particles suspended therein is in-troduced tangentially into the eddy chamber and along the en-tire width or axial length of the eddy chamber. The removal of the clean gas may be accomplished by two suction pipes connected to suction fans and reaching axially and mirror-symmetrically substantially into the centex of the eddy chamber.
German Patent 2,160,415, inventor Ernst-August Bielefeldt laid open to public inspection on July 5, 1973 in the Federal Republic of Germany, discloses a method as described above.
In said German Patent the separated particles are removed tan-gentially out of the eddy chamber by means of a partial flow ~` 113~583 1 which contains a partial volume of the entire gas particle mixture. If it is necessary to collect the particles separ-ated by such a device as disclosed in the above German Patent, a so-called direct separator must be connected to the centri-fugal separator downstream thereof.
British Patent 733,786 (patentee Waagner-Biro Aktiengesell-schaft) published July 20, 1955, discloses a centrifugal type dust separator, particularly for multi-cellular plants in which secondary current flows are to be suppressed and in which the ends of a dust separator cell are provided with radially extending outputs. The input of the separator cell extends tangentially.
U. S. Patent 474,490 (G. Walter~ patented May 10, 1892 des-cribes a dust collector which is so arranged that the inlet as well as the dust particle outlet extend tangentially.
The inlet and dust outlet extend over the entire axial width of the separator chamber, however, in such a manner that the dust is collected by gravity in a downwardly pointing dust hopper. The intentional generation of secondary flows is not disclosed by U. S. Patent 474,490.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
. ~ ~ . .
In view of the above it is the aim of the invention to achieve the following objects singly or in combination:
113~;583 1 to provide a method for the separation of heavier particles from a lighter gas by centrifugal force in such a manner that the particles are transported into a collecting chamber substantially without the aid of a primary flow but with the aid of a secondary flow;
to arrange the exit openings for the separated particles in such a manner that the secondary flow will transport the separated particles directly into such open-ings without the aid of an external suction;
to construct a centrifugal separator in such a manner that the exit openings for the particles are located axially in the end walls of the separating chamber;
to operate and construct a centrifugal separator in such a manner that its separation efficiency is comparable to electrostatic precipitators or separators operating with cloth filtersi and to drive the primary circular eddy flow in the eddy chamber at an r.p.m. of about 50,000.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
According to the invention the axially effective flow compo-nents of the secondary flow are utilized to carry the separ-ated particles through openings in the axial end walls of the eddy chamber, preferably without any suction effect at these openings. Thus, the invention provides in a surpris-ingly simple and inexpensive manner a direct separator which 1 may be advantageously integrated into a dust separator system comprising a plurality of eddy chambers. Further, the present separator may be used as a centrifuge, as a so-called hydroseparator and so forth. The separators according to the invention may be installed in a dust bin or may be connected thereto. Similarly the present devices are suitable for individual use and may be constructed in various sizes.
The present apparatus comprises an eddy chamber which accord-ing to the invention is provided with dust removal openings in its axial end walls. These openings are located close to the cylindrical wall of the chamber. In addition, the chamber may be provided with a so-called peeling slot which is known as such. In a further improved embodiment of the invention a crescent shaped channel forming wall member is installed in the eddy chamber whereby apparently secondary flows are created on both sides of the crescent shaped separ-ation wall which forms a flow rotating channel. Dust removal openings are then located adjacent to the crescent shaped wall and adjacent to the outer wall but in the axial end walls of the eddy chamber.
BRIEF FIGURE DESCRIPTION:
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, it will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a sectional view through a separator apparatus according to the invention along the section line 1 - 1 in Fig. 2;
1~365~3 1 Fig. 2 is a sectional view along section line 2 - 2 in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 illustrates a view similar to that of Fig. 1 however with the modification that acrescent shaped separation wall forms two flow channels whereby the sectional view extends along sec-tion line 3 - 3 in Fig. 4;
Fig. 4 i5 a sectional view along section lines 4 - 4 in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 4, however, illustrating staggered end walls for the separation chamber proper;
Fig. 6 is an enlargement of the area llyl~ in Fig. 5;
and Fig. 7 shows a sectional view similar to that of Figs. 1 or 3, with a peeling slot in the lateral wall of the separation chamber.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS AND
OF THE BEST MODE OF THE INVENTION:
Figs. 1 and 2 show a separator apparatus comprising a sub-stantiaily cylindrical eddy chamber 1 formed by a curved wall 2 and two axial end walls 15 as best seen in Fig. 2.
The eddy chamher 1 has a longitudinal central axis 1' which extends perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing in 1~3~i583 1 Fig. 1. Two immersion piPes 8 extend mirror-symmetrically and coaxially relative to said central chamber axis 1' into the chamber as best seen in Fig. 2. Suction fans represented by arrows Qre are operatively connected to the immersion pipes 8 for the withdrawal of the clean gas from the eddy chamber. The inner ends of the immersion pipes 8 are spaced from each other so that a substantially point shaped sink flow Z is formed in the zone between the inner ends of the pipes 8. A "point shaped"
sink flow is a sink flow in which the flow lines converge toward a point as shown in Fig. 2.
An inlet channel 12 which extends along the entire axial length of the chamber 1 as best seen in Fig. 2, merges tangentially into the chamber 1 as best seen in Fig. 1. According to the invention the axial end walls 15 of the chamber 1 comprise par-ticle discharge slots 14 which may be located near the outer wall 2 and/or near the pipes 8. The eddy chamber 1 is, for example, enclosed by a particle collecting housing 16 forming with its lower end a bin or bunker 7 from which the particles may be periodically removed, for example manually.
In operation, the flow of gas with the particles suspended therein is forced into the inlet channel 12 as indicated by the arrow Qro a very rapidly rotating "stationary" eddy is generated in the eddy chamber 1. The fan means for driving the flow Qro into the chamber 1 are not shown. According to the invention the "stationary" eddy flow constitutes a primary eddy flow 17 rotating at about 50,000 r.p.m. The primary eddy flow 17 induces in the eddy chamber 1 a secondary flow 18 which adjacent to the central axis 1' travels toward the sink flow Z and which travels along the inner surface of the walls of the chamber 1 axially outwardly toward the exit openings or slots 14 in the axial end walls 15 of the chamber 1. By 1 utilizing the secondary flow 18 for transporting the particles directly into and through the exit openings 14 the invention achieves a surprisingly high efficiency for centrifugal separ-ators. According to the invention the cleaning efficiency is better than 99.9% of the particles carried in the gas flow Qro.
Such a cleaning efficiency has been achieved heretofore only by means of electrostatic precipitators or by cloth type fil-ters. Moreover, the invention removes particles having sizes as small as about one half of a micron.
Due to the "stationary" primary eddy flow 17 the particles are driven radially outwardly toward the inner surfaces of the chamber wall 2 of the eddy chamber 1 to generate a secondary flow 18. The secondary flow 18 moving axially outwardly along the chamber walls 2 entrains the particles thereby transporting them toward the axial end walls 15 of the chamber 1. The cham-ber end walls divert the secondary flow radially inwardly along the chamber walls 15 and toward the pipes 8. However, due to the exit slots 14 according to the invention, the particles keep travelling in the axial direction and thus out of the chamber 1 into the bin 7. The cleaned gas leaves the eddy chamber through the immersion pipes 8 as shown by the arrows Qre. In this way even the finest particles down to a size of about one half of one micron are effectively removed from the flow. Although the finest particles first travel axially inwardly driven by the secondary flow along the immersion pipes 8, the sink flow in the zone Z in combination with the secondary flow cause the finest parti-cles to travel on spiral paths around the pipes 8. The spiral paths have radii which increase radially outwardly in planes extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 1'. In ,, .
113~i583 1 other words, the largest radius of the spiral path is present in the central zone around the sink flow zone Z whereby the finest particles are carried again radially outwardly and back into the axial secondary flow 18 toward the exits 14.
Thus, the finest particles do not reach the suction effect zone adjacent to the inner openings of the suction pipes 8, whereby a very efficient separation zone is present adjacent to and around the suction pipes.
Fig. 3 shows an eddy chamber 20 within a curved wall 21 in which there is arranged a crescent shaped wall member 4 forming a rotation channel 3 between the crescent member 4 and the curved wall 21. The crescent member 4 has such a shape that the rotation channel 3 as viewed in the radial direction has substantially a constant cross sectional width.
The rotation channel 3 extends across the entire axial length of the chamber 20 as best seen in Fig. 4. According to the invention discharge slots 5 are provided in the axial end walls 15 adjacent to the curved wall 21 radially outwardly of the crescent member 4 and further discharge openings 14' are located in the axial end walls of the chamber 20 adjacent to the crescent member 4 but radially inwardly thereof as seen in Fig. 4. Separate secondary flows are generated radially inwardly and outwardly of the crescent member 4 thereby dis-charging the particles through the discharge openings 5 and 14' into the bin 7.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4 a very beneficial separation mechanism for the particles dispersed in the gas is achieved because the residence time of the particles in the separation chamber is increased due to the fact that in ` 113~583 1 the central sink flow zone Z only a partial volume of the gas is withdrawn and another proportion of the gas will travel through the rotation channel 3 around the crescent member 4. Thus the longer residence times are achieved for the finest particles in the chamber 20, whereby the transport of the particles radially outwardly around the immersion pipes 8 is facilitated. The flow through the rotation channel 3 is gradually enriched with particles by the continuous supply of the raw or contaminated gas flow as indicated by the arrow Qro to such an extent, for example, with dust particles, that the so-called limit load is exceeded, whereby these particles are continuously and easily discharged through the discharge slots 5. Thus, the sucked off proportion of the clean gas indicated b~ the arrows Qre is substantially improved with regard to its quality or rather cleanness.
In Figs. 5 and 6 the eddy chamber 30 has end walls 31 and 32 as well as 33 and 34. Slots 5' are provided in the end walls 32 and 34. The end wall 31 is staggered axially inwardly relative to the end wall portion 32. Similarly, the end wall 33 is staggered axially inwardly relative to the wall portion 34.
This type of structure takes advantage of the fact that the opening 14' and the opening 6 cooperate in the discharge of particles as indicated by the arrows passing through the open-ing 14' and the opening 6. Thus, the invention makes quite certain that not only the particles which move axially with the first secondary flow 1~ in the chamber 30 are removed through the discharge opening 14', but that also particles which may have remained in the secondary flow 9 in the rotation channel 3 and which are now travelling along a radial path 9' are effec-tively discharged through the openings 6 located substantiallytangentially relative to the portion 9' of the secondary flow 9.
~t,..
1 Fig. 7 shows a modification wherein the eddy chamber is provided witha peeling slot 10 which facilitates the removal of the coarser particles in the flow 11 because these coarser particles are accumulated by the centrifugal force along the inside surface of the eddy chamber.
Although the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be appreciated, that it is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the appended claims.
" ,~
Claims (10)
1. In a method for separating heavier particles from a lighter gas flow by centrifugal force in an eddy chamber of given length having axially extending eddy chamber wall means and end walls, a central longitudinal axis and a flow entrance extending tangentially into the eddy chamber sub-stantially entirely along said given length, and two suction pipes extending in axial alignment through said end walls substantially mirror-symmetrically into said eddy chamber close to a central zone in said eddy chamber, the improvement comprising the steps of driving said lighter gas flow with the heavier particles suspended therein tangentially into said flow entrance whereby the lighter gas flow with the heavier particles suspended therein enters the eddy chamber substantially along the entire given chamber length and generates a primary substantially circular eddy flow which rotates around said longitudinal axis of the eddy chamber, spacing the inner ends of said suction pipes from each other to cause a sink flow between these inner suction pipe ends, axially withdrawing the flow at least partially through said suction pipes, maintaining in said eddy chamber a secondary flow which travels axially outwardly adjacent the inner sur-face of the axially extending eddy chamber wall means, radially inwardly along said end walls and axially inwardly upon changing the flow direction from radially inwardly to axially inwardly, locating particle discharge openings in said end walls at least at one location where said secondary flow changes its flow direction, and removing said particles through said discharge openings solely by said secondary flow without any suction applied to said particle discharge openings in said end walls.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising passing said flow with the particles suspended therein past a peeling slot.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said locating of said discharge openings involves placing the discharge openings in said end walls where the secondary flow changes its direction from axially outwardly to radially inwardly and where the secondary flow changes its flow direction from radially inwardly to axially inwardly.
4. An apparatus for separating heavier particles from a lighter gas flow by centrifugal force comprising a substantially cylindrical housing forming an eddy chamber having an axially extending wall and end walls, a flow entrance extending tangentially into said eddy chamber along substantially the entire axial length of said eddy chamber, suction means, suction pipes operatively connected to said suction means and extending mirror-symmetrically and axially through said end walls into a central zone of said eddy chamber, said suction pipes extending toward each other sufficiently to cause a sink flow therebetween, and particle exit slots between said end walls and said axially extending wall, said flow in combination with said suction means gen-erating a primary eddy flow and a secondary flow in said eddy chamber, said secondary flow transporting said particles to said particle exit slots without any active gas flow withdrawal at said exit slots.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said eddy chamber is closed except for said flow entrance, said suction pipes and said particle exit slots.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising peel-ing slot means in said axially extending wall, said peeling slot means being circumferentially spaced from said flow entrance.
7. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising crescent shaped guide wall means located in said eddy chamber and extending along the entire axial length of said axially extending wall, said crescent shaped guide wall means being located substantially coaxially relative to said suction pipes and spaced from said axially extend-ing wall and from said suction pipes.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, comprising further particle discharge slots in said end walls adjacent to said crescent shaped guide wall means.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each of said end walls comprises an axially staggered arrangement sub-stantially where said crescent shaped guide wall means meets the end walls, said particle exit slots comprising openings extending axially and further openings extending radially inwardly at said staggered arrangement.
10. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising dust bin means, said eddy chamber being enclosed in said dust bin means, said particle exit slots leading into said dust bin means, said suction pipes extending substantially horizontally out of said dust bin means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2832097A DE2832097C2 (en) | 1978-07-21 | 1978-07-21 | Process and device for separating materials by means of centrifugal force |
| DEP2832097.0 | 1978-07-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1136583A true CA1136583A (en) | 1982-11-30 |
Family
ID=6045018
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000332205A Expired CA1136583A (en) | 1978-07-21 | 1979-07-20 | Method and apparatus for separating particles from a flow by centrifugal force |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0007458A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5520695A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR217172A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT372295B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU537061B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE90T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7904746A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1136583A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH648770A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2832097C2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI71500C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2472406A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2057310B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7915055A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE441570B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA793721B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT383052B (en) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-05-11 | Voest Alpine Ag | Device for precipitating solids from gases |
| DE3615747A1 (en) * | 1986-05-09 | 1987-11-12 | Bielefeldt Ernst August | METHOD FOR SEPARATING AND / OR SEPARATING SOLID AND / OR LIQUID PARTICLES WITH A SPIRAL CHAMBER SEPARATOR WITH A SUBMERSIBLE TUBE AND SPIRAL CHAMBER SEPARATOR FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| FI902329A0 (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-05-09 | Voest Alpine Krems | AVSKILJNINGSFOERFARANDE OCH -ANORDNING. |
| US5236587A (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1993-08-17 | Josef Keuschnigg | Process and apparatus for the separation of materials from a medium |
| AT392425B (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-03-25 | Voest Alpine Krems | Method for separating at least one material from a liquid or gas |
| AT391426B (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-10-10 | Voest Alpine Krems | Method and device for separating off substances from a flowing medium |
| NO894112D0 (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1989-10-16 | Elkem Technology | DEVICE FOR AA SEPARATE SOLID PARTICLES FROM A FLUID. |
| US5174799A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1992-12-29 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Horizontal cyclone separator for a fluidized bed reactor |
| DE29501148U1 (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1995-07-20 | Bielefeldt, Ernst-August, 24582 Bordesholm | Centrifugal separation device |
| SE513588C2 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-10-09 | Vattenfall Ab | Apparatus for separating solid objects from a flowing fluid |
| AT512151B1 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-06-15 | A Tec Holding Gmbh | Device for separating substances from a medium |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE547967A (en) * | 1955-05-26 | |||
| DE2233437C3 (en) * | 1972-07-07 | 1978-10-05 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Process for separating the specifically lighter fraction from a stream of a medium loaded with suspended substances by means of centrifugal force |
| DE2538664C2 (en) * | 1975-08-30 | 1983-11-17 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Device for separating the specifically lighter fraction from a stream of a medium loaded with suspended substances |
| DE2610031C3 (en) * | 1976-03-10 | 1980-07-03 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Separation of substances by means of centrifugal forces acting on the medium in question |
-
1978
- 1978-07-21 DE DE2832097A patent/DE2832097C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-06-29 BE BEBTR90A patent/BE90T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-29 EP EP79102172A patent/EP0007458A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-06-29 NL NL7915055A patent/NL7915055A/en unknown
- 1979-06-29 GB GB8035790A patent/GB2057310B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-29 AT AT0990979A patent/AT372295B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-29 CH CH6734/80A patent/CH648770A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-07-16 FI FI792228A patent/FI71500C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-07-18 AR AR277363A patent/AR217172A1/en active
- 1979-07-20 CA CA000332205A patent/CA1136583A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-20 ZA ZA00793721A patent/ZA793721B/en unknown
- 1979-07-20 BR BR7904746A patent/BR7904746A/en unknown
- 1979-07-20 JP JP9173279A patent/JPS5520695A/en active Pending
- 1979-08-08 AU AU49684/79A patent/AU537061B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1980
- 1980-09-03 FR FR8019175A patent/FR2472406A1/en active Granted
- 1980-12-03 SE SE8008487A patent/SE441570B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2472406B1 (en) | 1983-03-25 |
| JPS5520695A (en) | 1980-02-14 |
| CH648770A5 (en) | 1985-04-15 |
| FR2472406A1 (en) | 1981-07-03 |
| SE441570B (en) | 1985-10-21 |
| SE8008487L (en) | 1980-12-03 |
| ZA793721B (en) | 1980-08-27 |
| BR7904746A (en) | 1980-04-22 |
| GB2057310B (en) | 1982-12-08 |
| EP0007458A1 (en) | 1980-02-06 |
| AU4968479A (en) | 1981-10-15 |
| AR217172A1 (en) | 1980-02-29 |
| AT372295B (en) | 1983-09-26 |
| AU537061B2 (en) | 1984-06-07 |
| ATA990979A (en) | 1983-02-15 |
| FI71500C (en) | 1987-01-19 |
| BE90T1 (en) | 1980-11-28 |
| DE2832097A1 (en) | 1980-01-31 |
| FI792228A (en) | 1980-01-22 |
| DE2832097C2 (en) | 1983-12-22 |
| FI71500B (en) | 1986-10-10 |
| NL7915055A (en) | 1981-01-30 |
| GB2057310A (en) | 1981-04-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |