Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B37/00—Absorbers; Adsorbers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
  • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
  • F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

• Hie present invention relates in general to an improved chemical heat pump.
• a disadvantage of the above described unit tube is that the vapor or gas which is formed when a volatile liquid evaporates has to be transported a long way through the unit tube during charge and discharge. Thereby a pressure drop occurs which impairs the possibility of the chemical heat pump to utilize small temperature differences between a heat source and a heat sink
• a long transportation path for the gas implies that when the gas/ vapor condenses and returns to the liquid phase, there is a risk that the liquid phase is distributed unevenly in the reactor and condenser/ evaporator part respectively of the chemical heat pump. Uneven distribution of liquid may lead to gradual loss of efficiency when the heat pump is charged and discharged repeatedly.
• the chemical heat pump can be used as a chemical heat pump working according to the absorption principle and also as a chemical heat pump working according to the adsorption principle. In both versions there is a reactor part and a condenser/ evaporator part
• the chemical heatpump further comprises at least a first tube 1 and at least a second tube 2, wherein the second tube 2 is at least partially positioned within the first tube 1 and essentially along at least a part of the longitudinal axis of said first tube 1, wherein the active substance is applied at least partially in a space between the inside 3 of the first tube 1 and the outside 4 of the first tube 2, wherein a first matrix 5 adapted for storage of the volatile liquid is at least partially applied on the outside 4 of the second tube 2.
• Advantages of the invention compared to the prior art include but are not limited to; less material is required, the manufacture is simpler, the energy efficiency is improved, the lifetime is extended and a lasting high efficiency is obtained, the number of applications is increased.
• ilg. 1 shows a heatpump according to the state of the artcomprising a reactor and a condenser/ evaporator in different parts of a tube.
• Jig 2 shows a longitudinal cross section of one embodiment of the present chemical heatpump comprising a first tube 1 with an inside 3, a second matrix 10, a fourth heat conducting layer 9, a first layer 6 which is permeable to the volatile liquid in gas phase, a second tube 2 with an outside 4, a first matrix 5, a second layer 7 which is permeable to the volatile liquid in gas phase, and a third layer 8.
• Jig 3 shows a cross section of the chemical heatpump depicted in fig 2
• Jig 4 shows a chemical heatpump as a solar panel adapted to be heated by the sun, comprising a second tube 2 and an energy transfer device 11.
• Ceramic material is used herein to denote an inorganic non*netallic, material that can be crystalline or amorphous.
• the chemical pump further comprises at least one first tube 1 and at least one second tube 2, the second tube 2 is at least partially positioned inside said first tube 1 and substantially along at least a part of the longitudinal axis of said first tube 1, wherein the active substance is applied at least partially in a space between the inside 3 of the first tube 1 and the outside 4 of the second tube 2, wherein on the outside 4 of the second tube 2 there is at least partially applied a first matrix 5 adapted for storing the volatile liquid.
• the active substance is at least partially positioned on the inside 3 of the first tube 1 and the active substance is kept fixed to the inside 3 of said first tube 1 with a first layer 6 permeable to the volatile liquid in the gas phase.
• the first layer 6 comprises a metal mesh.
• the first layer 6 comprises copper.
• the first matrix 5 is held on the outside of the second tube 2 with a second layer 7 permeable to the volatile liquid in gas phase.
• At least one third layer 8 is positioned between the inside 3 of the first tube 1 and the outside 4 of the second tube 2 so that gas can pass from the first tube 1 to the second tube 2.
• the function of the third layer 8 is to reflect as much as possible of the thermal radiation that emanates from the reactor part towards the condenser/ evaporator part Thereby radiation losses in the chemical heat pump and the condenser/ evaporator partis protected from thermal radiation.
• the third layer 8 may for example be designed so thatthe layer surface is always parallel to the adjacent reactor surface. Thanks to the third layer 8, most of the thermal radiation is reflected, including thermal radiation from the reactor and only a small percentage is absorbed by the reflective material. The proportion of thermal radiation that is still absorbed by the reflective material is then transported with low efficiency through the material with low thermal conductivity and will subsequently radiate out from the material. In one embodiment about 90% of the thermal radiation is reflected directly back towards the heat source, irom the surface of the third layer 8 there is emitted further heat radiation back to the heat source because only a small part of the retraining about 10% of the thermal radiation of one embodiment can be lead away through the ceramic part of the third layer 8.
• the proportion of energy which penetrates the third layer 8 is very small, or in one embodiment about 2% of the total radiated energy supply.
• the third layer 8 also serves as a splash guard to prevent possible scattering of me active substance from the reactor to the condenser/ evaporator.
• the third layer 8 is adapted to reflect thermal radiation.
• the third layer 8 comprises a ceramic material coated with a metal.
• the ceramic material is glass.
• the metal on the ceramic material is copper.
• the metal layer has a thickness of 100 A or less.
• the third layer 8 displays a reflectance of thermal radiation in the range 350-550 Kof atleast80 , preferably at least 90%.
• At least a fourth heat conductive layer 9 is arranged between the inside 3 of the first tube 1 and the active substance.
• the fourth heat conductive layer 8 comprises at least one metal.
• the fourth heat conductive layer 8 comprises copper.
• the active substance is matter that can adsorb the volatile liquid.
• a second matrix 10 is positioned at least partially on the inside 3 of the first tube 1, wherein the second matrix 10 is adapted to store the active substance.
• the active substance is a substance thatcan absorb the volatile liquid.
• examples of such substances include but are not limited to metal salts.
• metal salts include but are not limited to magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, lithium bromide, and lithium chloride.
• the active substance has at the first temperature a solid state, from which the active substance at absorption of the volatile liquid and its gas phase immediately is transformed at least partially to the liquid state or solution phase and at the second temperature has a liquid state or is in solution phase, from which the active substance by desorbing the volatile liquid, in particular its gas phase, immediately transforms at least partially to the solid state.
• an energy transfer device 11 is in thermal contact with the first tube 1 wherein the energy transfer device 11 comprises at least one tube with a first and a second end, the first end is positioned lower than the second end and wherein the energy transfer device 11 comprises a fluid.
• An energy transfer device 11 or a "heat pipe” means a device in which energy can be moved from point A to point B without the use of pumps with mechanical, often moving parts.
• a liquid is for instance in a tube wherein one end A of the tube (the evaporator part) by heat turns the liquid into gaseous form and whereby the gas subsequently is transported through the lower gas pressure prevailing in the tube' s second end B (the condenser part) so that the gas will be liquefied at B which is both relatively higher positioned and colder than A. Due to the lower temperature atB the gas will return to liquid state, i.e. it will be condensed atB The liquid formed at condenser part B will due to gravity flow back to A, where the liquid after heating again will be transformed to gas phase.
• This cycle of evaporation at A and condensation atB implies that an amount of energy is moved from A to B with small losses.
• the heat conduction of said energy transfer device is regulated.
• the thermal conduction can in one embodimentbe switched off or switched on.
• the regulation is made with a valve. In alternative embodiments, other modes of regulation are possible.
• me tube 1 is adapted to be heated by an energy source.
• me tube 1 is adapted to be heated by solar energy.
• me tube 1 is in me rmal contact with me cooling system of a combustion engine.
• me tube 1 is in thermal contact with a boiler.
• me tube 1 is in thermal contact with a district
• me tube 1 is in contact with a liquid in a district heating plant
• the present chemical heatpump is designed as a first tube 1 with the reactor part and the condenser/ evaporator part in the same tube part
• me wall of the first tube 1 comprises different materials that are adapted to the intended use. Examples include but are not limited to glass at a solar panel application and metal when using industrial waste heat and other applications.
• the active substance along with the optional metal plate 9 and the first metal net 6 represents the reactor part of the chemical heatpump.
• Heat exchange to and from the reactor part can be solved in different ways, examples include but are not limited to positioning a metal tube in connection with the reactor part on the inside 3 of the unit tube 1 or by positioning a metal tube directly on the outer side of the unit tube 1. The latter embodiment requires that the unit tube itself conducts heat to and from the reactor part [0039]
• the condenser/ evaporator part of the chemical heatpump is found in the central cavity of the unit tube 1.
• the second tube 2 is arranged in the center of the first tube 1.
• a first matrix 5 is arranged at least partially around the second tube 2.
• the first matrix 5 is held against the metal tube 2 by a second layer 7.
• the first matrix 5 together with the second layer 7 is the condenser/ evaporator part of the chemical heatpump, where the first matrix 5 is used for storing the volatile liquid.
• Both the first layer 6 and the second layer 7 are permeable to the
• the firsttube 1 is sealed and there is vacuum inside it
• Examples of heat sources include but are notlimited to radiation from the sun, heat from a combustion engine, waste heat from a boiler, and waste heat from industrial processes.
• the heating of the firsttube 1 may be director through another device.
• Examples of other devices include, but are notlimited to a metal tube on the outside of the firsttube 1.
• the heat is transferred to the reactor part and the active substance, whereby gas desorbs.
• the transfer of heat to the active substance can be performed in various alternative ways, examples include but are notlimited to a metal plate arranged between the inside 3 of the first tube 1 and the active substance, or directly through the inside 3 of the first tube 1.
• the gas formed finds its way inwards from the active substance towards the condenser/ evaporator part, which during charging of the chemical heat pump is cooled by using a heat-conveying medium circulating in the second tube 2.
• the gas condenses into a liquid phase that is sucked up into and stored in the first matrix 5.
• the invention provides direct cost benefits because less material is required and because of a simplified production process. Material consumption is reduced because a vacuum housing to the condenser/ evaporator is not needed when the reactor and condenser/ evaporator are enclosed in a common vacuum housing. Material consumption is reduced further since the condenser is placed in an area that is already insulated because of the vacuum conditions and the optional third layer 8. This eliminates the need for insulating materials and a coating of the insulation material. When the condenser of the present invention is integrated inside the reactor the need for a special gas channel is eliminated. The vacuum housing, gas channel and insulation including coating constitute a major part of the material consumption and the total amount of material used is in one embodiment reduced by about50 compared to the prior art
• the invention achieves increased energy efficiency due to a reduced transport distance for the gas.
• the distance of the formed gas to be transported between the reactor part and the condenser/ evaporator part has radically been reduced.
• the gas moves essentially in a radial direction in the device according to the present invention. Thanks to the essential radial transport of the gas, the average transport distance of the gas is only a fraction compared to the prior art
• the shortened gas transport distance of the pre sent invention implies a reduction of the pressure drop which can result in a pressure loss which is only a fraction of the pressure drop according to the prior art
• the reduced pressure drop results in a noticeable increase of the usable energy and that cooling can be delivered with the same efficiency at a lower temperature and higher temperature, respectively, with the same efficiency for heating.
• the invention provides extended service life with sustained high performance. The risk for an uneven distribution of liquid in the matrix is reduced because the distance over which the gas travels is short and also uniformly distributed over the reactor and the condenser/ evaporator, respectively. There are no disadvantaged positions such as in the prior art This results in a prolonged service life and maintained efficiency during the entire service life.
• the invention provides an extended range of applications.
• the first tube 1 can be produced in virtually any length because the gas transportation is not dependent on the length of the first tube 1, but instead on its diameter.
• the first tube 1 can for example consist of glass and as a solar collector, but itcan also consist of a copper tube. Because the first tube 1 is virtually not dependent on the length, the number of applications is increased because the chemical heat pump can be flexibly adapted to the product of the chemical heat pump to operate in. Examples of such products include but are not limited to:
• Tests were conducted in a chemical heat pump according to the present invention. Testing was conducted in a test station where the rays of the sun could be simulated under different conditions. As the active substance IiCl was used and the volatile liquid was water. The active substance was stored in a matrix in the reactor part of the chemical heat pump. [0052] The chemical heat pump was charged in the test station using simulated sunlight during about 12 hours. Water evaporated during the charge and was transported from the reactor part to the condenser part of the chemical heat pump. In the cooled condenser part the steam condensed back into water.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2010
  • 2010-06-18 SE SE1050634A patent/SE534804C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2011
  • 2011-06-14 EP EP11796054.2A patent/EP2583038A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-06-14 US US13/319,502 patent/US20120079844A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-06-14 CN CN201180030180.2A patent/CN102971595B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-06-14 WO PCT/SE2011/050734 patent/WO2011159236A1/en active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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