EP2581302B1 - Submarine - Google Patents

Abstract

The submarine has an upper deck (8) arranged above a pressure body (2) and spaced from the pressure body, where the upper deck is formed by an outer lining (4) arranged in an upper area of the pressure body. A step-like unit for ascending and descending to and from the upper deck is arranged in the outer lining in a range between the pressure body and the upper deck. Multiple recesses (12) are formed at a region of the outer lining leading from the pressure body to the upper deck and arranged one above the other. The recesses are arranged in a vertical row with spacing.

Description

The invention relates to a submarine with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

During use of a submarine, it may be necessary for people to leave the submarine that has surfaced at sea or to be picked up by the submarine from a dinghy, for example. The entry and exit to the submarine or from the submarine can be done via the tower or arranged in the area of the upper deck of the submarine Luks. In any case, the transfer of passengers to the submarine or from the submarine over the upper deck, whereby it is necessary to overcome the difference in height between the waterline and the upper deck. For this purpose, in submarines node lamps, Jacob's ladders or hang-in ladders are carried, which must be attached to the submarine before such a transfer of people and then removed and stowed in the submarine.

document GB04137 is considered to be the closest prior art and discloses the preamble of claim 1.

The invention has for its object to provide a submarine, the design of the submerged state at sea a simpler and safer transfer of people on the upper deck of the submarine or from the upper deck allows.

This object is achieved by a submarine with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of this submarine result from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawing. Here, according to the invention, the features specified in the dependent claims in each case but also in a suitable combination, the inventive solution according to claim 1 further.

The submarine according to the invention has a pressure body. Above this pressure body is spaced from the pressure body, a walk-top deck arranged. This upper deck is formed by a arranged in an upper region of the pressure hull outer lining. Where the outer deck forming the upper deck adjoins the pressure hull, the submarine, which is floating on the water surface, is approximately the waterline. The outer fairing of modern submarines is made of fiberglass reinforced plastic or another suitable fiber composite material. The space between the pressure body and the outer panel is free-flowing, d. H. flooded by seawater formed.

According to the invention, stepped means for ascending and descending to or from the upper deck are arranged in the area between the pressure hull and the upper deck in the outer shroud, ie in an area above the waterline when the submarine is overwatered, preferably at one on a longitudinal side of the submarine center, are integrated in the outer lining means, the superimposed treads and thus form virtually integrated into the outer lining entrance or exit from the waterline to the upper deck and vice versa. The step-like means thus allow a person of the submarine surrounding the water to rise to the upper deck or to leave the submarine to the water. The so far required for this climbing aids in the form of node lamps, Jacob ladders or Einhängeleitern, consuming on the upper deck of a Submarines are fixed and then have to be removed, are no longer necessary. The storage space required for these climbing aids in the submarine can be used elsewhere.

The step-like means for the ascent and descent to or from the upper deck are suitably arranged so that they are arranged at least during the driving operation of the submarine and especially during dive of the submarine within the outer contour of the outer lining, as otherwise unfavorable to the hydrodynamic and acoustic behavior of the submarine. Therefore, it is preferably provided that these means are either basically arranged within the outer contour of the outer lining or are designed such that they are movable from a position within the outer contour of the outer lining in a position in which they protrude on the outer contour of the outer lining, wherein can be moved back to the position within the outer contour for driving the submarine.

Preferably, a plurality of recesses arranged one above the other are formed on the region of the outer lining leading from the pressure body to the upper deck. These recesses can even form the steps or treads, through which a person can get from the water to the upper deck or from the upper deck to the water or it can be arranged in the region of these recesses, the step-like means for the ascent and descent.

In particular, when the recesses themselves form the steps or treads, the recesses may advantageously be surrounded by arranged on the inside of the outer lining and inwardly preferably closed housings. These housings prevent from passing through the recesses in the Gap between outer cladding and pressure body impurities can pass. The housings are expediently arranged such that their opening faces the recesses, so that a person who wishes to get from the upper deck to the waterline or from the waterline to the upper deck finds a sufficiently large step and hold area. In order to hold on better to the recesses, it is advantageous if the housing spaced from a lower edge of the recesses adjacent to the inner wall of the outer lining, so that the lower edge of the recess can be encompassed.

Advantageously, the recesses can be arranged at a distance in a vertical row. Since the recesses themselves or there arranged means treads for ascending and descending, the distance between adjacent recesses is such that a person can comfortably up to the upper deck or descend from the upper deck.

In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the recesses may be laterally spaced and offset from each other in two vertical rows. In this case, the recesses form a zig-zag pattern in the vertical direction, wherein the recesses of a right vertical row or step-like means arranged there form only a step foot for a right foot and corresponding thereto the recesses of a left vertical row or there arranged step-like means each form only a tread for a left foot of a person using the ascent or descent. Therefore, the recesses with respect to those in the arrangement of the recesses in a vertical row can be made significantly smaller, so that when diving the submarine at the recesses significantly lower flow turbulence arise.

In order to substantially completely exclude such flow turbulences, it is provided according to a further advantageous development that a flap is hinged to the recesses, which is pivotable from a position closing the recess into a position releasing the recess and vice versa. As a result, the recesses can be closed with the flaps during the driving of the submarine. Furthermore, the flaps in their closed position prevent an unauthorized person from climbing over the recesses on the upper deck of the submarine. The flaps can z. B. be arranged pivotably about a central axis or pivotable about a formed on a longitudinal side of the flaps pivot axis. An inner housing of the recesses is then dispensable as a rule.

The flaps can advantageously form steps for ascending and descending to and from the upper deck. Accordingly, the flaps in the swung-open state form treads over which a person can descend from the upper deck or climb up to the upper deck. For this purpose, the flaps are pivotable in a substantially horizontal position, wherein expediently means are provided which hold the flaps in this position.

Further advantageously, the flaps can be actuated with a common drive. In this context, as a drive z. As a rod drive conceivable in which all the flaps are hinged directly or indirectly via levers on a rod or at several mutually articulated rods, the flaps by moving the rod or rods of the recesses closing position in a position releasing the recesses and be pivoted vice versa. To move the Rod or rods, for example, may be coupled for movement with a lever mechanism to be operated from the upper deck or with a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder which can be actuated from the interior of the pressure body.

In a further preferred embodiment of the submarine according to the invention, a recess is formed on the region of the outer cladding leading from the pressure body to the upper deck, which recess extends from the pressure body to the upper deck. In the clearance of this recess, the step-like means for ascending and descending to or from the upper deck are arranged. Ie. In this embodiment, directly within the space enclosed by the outer lining and preferably directly on the inside of the outer lining of the recess directly accessible rungs or treads to form a ladder or stairs in the vertical direction are arranged one above the other.

Conveniently, the recess is closed in this embodiment, too. For this purpose, a roller blind or a louver-like structure is advantageously provided. Preferably, this roller blind is a type of folding blind in which the roller blind is fastened to the upper edge or in the region of the upper edge of the recess and is gathered there to release the recess. The roller blind can z. B. are formed by a suitable cloth or plastic tarpaulin. Advantageously, the roller blind is guided on the lateral edges of the recess. To guide the blinds on the recess guide bodies are preferably attached to the two longitudinal sides, which are guided in provided on the longitudinal sides of the recess guide rails. The operation of the roller blind is preferably carried out with two side pulls, one of which serves to pull up and the other to pull down the blinds. To pull up and down the blinds, the side cables on ropes. These ropes are preferably in Passing the upper deck area through the outer panel, so that the roller blind can be operated from the upper deck.

Fig. 1

in einem perspektivischen Halbschnitt, schematisch einen oberen Abschnitt eines Druckkörpers eines Unterseeboots mit einer darauf angeordneten Außenverkleidung in einer ersten Ausgestaltung,

Fig. 2

die Darstellung nach Fig. 1 in einer Querschnittsansicht,

Fig. 3

eine Einzelheit A aus Fig. 2 in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 4

in einem perspektivischen Halbschnitt schematisch einen oberen Abschnitt eines Druckkörpers eines Unterseeboots mit einer darauf angeordneten Außenverkleidung in einer zweiten Ausgestaltung,

Fig. 5

die Außenverkleidung nach Fig. 3 in perspektivischer Ansicht mit Blick auf die Innenseite der Außenverkleidung,

Fig. 6

in einem perspektivischen Halbschnitt schematisch einen oberen Abschnitt eines Druckkörpers eines Unterseeboots mit einer darauf angeordneten Außenverkleidung in einer dritten Ausgestaltung,

Fig. 7

einen Schnitt entlang der Schnittlinie VI-VI in Fig. 5,

Fig. 8

in einem perspektivischen Halbschnitt schematisch einen oberen Abschnitt eines Druckkörpers eines Unterseeboots mit einer darauf angeordneten Außenverkleidung in einer vierten Ausgestaltung und

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt entlang der Schnittlinie VIII-VIII in Fig. 7.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. In the drawing shows:

Fig. 1

in a perspective half-section, schematically an upper portion of a pressure hull of a submarine with an outer lining arranged thereon in a first embodiment,

Fig. 2

the representation after Fig. 1 in a cross-sectional view,

Fig. 3

a detail A from Fig. 2 in an enlarged view,

Fig. 4

in a perspective half-section schematically an upper portion of a pressure hull of a submarine with an outer lining arranged thereon in a second embodiment,

Fig. 5

the outer lining after Fig. 3 in a perspective view with a view of the inside of the outer lining,

Fig. 6

in a perspective half-section schematically an upper portion of a pressure hull of a submarine with an outer lining arranged thereon in a third embodiment,

Fig. 7

a section along the section line VI-VI in Fig. 5 .

Fig. 8

in a perspective half-section schematically an upper portion of a pressure hull of a submarine with an outer lining arranged thereon in a fourth embodiment and

Fig. 9

a section along the section line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7 ,

The following statements generally refer to the Fig. 1, 2 . 4 . 6 , and 8th , In these drawing figures, a submarine and in particular an upper portion of a pressure hull 2 of a submarine is shown in each case. The pressure body 2 has a circular cross-section. Above the pressure hull an outer lining 4 is arranged made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. This outer lining 4 has two adjoining sides of the pressure hull 2 adjacent sections 6, which run obliquely towards each other. Of these sections 6 only one section 6 is shown in the drawing. At their spaced from the pressure body 2 ends the two sections 6 of the outer lining 4 are connected to a substantially horizontally oriented portion of the outer lining 4, which forms a walkable upper deck 8 of the submarine. The submarine is shown floating on the water surface, which is clear from the water line 10 shown in the drawing figures.

In the in the Fig. 1 to 3 illustrated embodiment, recesses 12 are formed on the outer lining 4 in the region of the section 6, which forms a submerged boat above the waterline 10 located part of the side wall of the submarine. The recesses 12 are arranged one above the other in a vertical row at a distance and form treads of an entrance and exit, on the persons from the waterline 10 to the Upper deck 8 and vice versa can get from the upper deck 8 to the waterline 10.

On the inside of the outer lining 4 in section 6 corresponding to the recesses 12 eight flaps 14 are articulated. These flaps 14 are coupled for movement with a rod drive 16 and, when the recesses 12 are to be used as up or down, be pivoted into a position releasing the recesses 12 and then pivoted back into a position closing the recesses 12.

Out Fig. 3 It is clear that the flaps 14 are each arranged on substantially V-shaped bent levers 54, wherein the flaps 14 are glued to the levers 54. The levers 54 are hinged to hinges 56, which are arranged on the inside of the outer lining 4 in each case above the recesses 12. Adjacent levers 54 are connected to each other via there articulated rods 58 of the rod drive 16. A connecting rod 60 connects an uppermost lever 54 with an actuating lever 62. This actuating lever 62 is formed with two arms and arranged pivotably in an opening 64 formed on the upper deck 8. With the actuating lever 62, the rod drive 16 can be adjusted and so the flaps 14 in a recesses 12 releasing or in a recesses 12 closing position are moved, wherein the actuating lever 62 in the latter position in an opening 64 adjacent to the outside the upper deck 8 formed recess 66 engages and so does not protrude on the outer contour of the upper deck 8. Both in the recesses 12 releasing and in the recesses 12 closing position is the operating lever 62nd Locked to prevent unwanted, independent opening or closing the flaps 14.

In the in the 4 and 5 illustrated embodiment, a recess 18 is formed on the outer panel 4 in the region of the section 6, which extends from the pressure body 2 to the upper deck 8. In the recess 18 are arranged at a distance one above the other ladder rungs 20, about the people from the waterline 10 to the upper deck 8 and vice versa can climb. The recess 18 can be closed with a roller blind 22 which is attached to an upper edge 24 of the recess 18. The roller blind 22 is a folding blind, which in Fig. 3 in a recess 18 releasing position on the edge 24 is shown ruffled.

To guide the blinds 22 are in the recess 18 on the longitudinal sides of the blinds 22 from the 4 and 5 unrecognizable guide body arranged, which engage in arranged on the longitudinal sides of the recess 18 guide rails. The guide rails are also not in the 4 and 5 shown.

The operation of the roller blind 22 via a side train 26 for pulling up the roller blind 22 and a side pull 28 for pulling down the blind 22. The side pull 26 has a steel cable 30 which is attached to a lower end of the blind 22 to a mounting 32. At the bottom of the upper deck 8 two pulleys 34 and 36 are arranged. At this pulleys 34 and 36, the rope is deflected before it is guided over an opening formed on the upper deck 8 opening to the outside of the upper deck 8. The side pull 28 has a steel cable 38, which is also attached to the lower end of the blind 22 on a mounting 40. The cable 38 is guided around an arranged in the region of the lower end of the recess 18 deflection roller 22 and from there via a on the Lower side of the upper deck 8 arranged guide roller 40 is guided by an opening formed on the upper deck 8 opening to the outside of the upper deck 8.

At the in Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment are arranged on the outer lining 4 in the region of the section 6 recesses 46 in a vertical row one above the other. An underside of these recesses 46 each forms a tread surface. As Fig. 7 can be seen, the recesses 46 are each closed by a housing 48 inwardly. The openings of the housing 48 have a height which is greater than the height of the recesses 46. This makes it possible to attach the housing 48 at a distance from a lower edge of the recesses 46 on the inside of the portion 6, so that the lower edge of the recesses 46 can be encompassed by a person using the recesses 46 as an up or down.

At the in Fig. 8 illustrated embodiment are recesses 50, the undersides of which form treads laterally offset zueinanander arranged in two vertical rows. The recesses 50 form a zigzag pattern in which, starting from the pressure body 2, a first recess 50 is arranged in a first row, a second recess 50 disposed above is arranged offset to the left in a second row to the first recess 50, the overlying recess 50 is again arranged in the first row, etc. Also, the recesses 50 are like the recesses 46 in the embodiment in Fig. 6 each closed by a arranged on the inside of the portion 6 of the outer panel 4 housing 52 inwardly. The recesses 50 each form only treads for a foot of a person using the recesses 50 as up or down. Therefore, the recesses 50 are compared with the recesses 46 in FIG the in Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment narrower accordingly. To facilitate the climb to the upper deck 8, is in the in the Fig. 6 and 8th In each case, a holding rod 68 is provided, which can either be plugged into a recess formed on the upper deck 8 and then removed again or integrated according to another embodiment in the upper deck 8 and, if necessary, into a position outside the upper deck 8 and back can be moved.

The embodiments described above are only to be understood in principle, ie it can also recesses, as they are based on the FIGS. 6 and 8th are shown, completed by means of a blind or a blind to the outside. There may also be recesses, as they are based on FIGS. 6 and 8th are shown, be completed by only the individual recess closing flaps.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

- Pressure body

4

- outer lining

6

- Section

8th

- upper deck

10

- waterline

12

- recess

14

- flap

16

- rod drive

18

- recess

20

- sprouts

22

- Rollo

24

- Edge

26

- Side pull

28

- Side pull

30

- rope

32

- Attachment

34

- pulley

36

- pulley

38

- rope

40

- Attachment

42

- pulley

44

- pulley

46

- recess

48

- Casing

50

- recesses

52

- Casing

54

- Leverage

56

- hinge

58

- Pole

60

- connecting rod

62

- Operating lever

64

- breakthrough

66

- recess

68

- Operating rod

A

- detail

Claims (10)

1. A submarine with a pressure hull (2) and with an upper deck (8) which is arranged above the pressure hull (2) in a manner distanced to the pressure hull (2) and which is formed by an outer casing (4) arranged in an upper region of the pressure hull (2), characterised in that step-like means for the ascent and descent to and from the upper deck respectively are arranged in the region between the pressure hull (2) and the upper deck (8), in the outer casing (4).
2. A submarine according to claim 1, characterised in that several recesses (12, 46, 50) arranged above one another are formed on the region of the outer casing (4) which leads from the pressure hull (2) to the upper deck (8).
3. A submarine according to claim 2, characterised in that the recesses (12, 46) are arranged at a distance in a vertical row.
4. A submarine according to claim 2, characterised in that the recesses (50) are arranged laterally offset to one another in two vertical rows.
5. A submarine according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the recesses (46, 50) are closed by preferably closed housings (48, 52) arranged on the inner side of the outer casing (4).
6. A submarine according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterised in that in each case a flap (14) which is pivotable from a position closing the recess (12) into a position releasing the recess (12) and vice versa, is articulated on the recesses (12).
7. A submarine according to claim 6, characterised in that the flaps (14) form steps for the ascent and descent to and from the upper deck (8) respectively.
8. A submarine according to one of the claims 6 or 7, characterised in that the flaps (14) are actuatable with a common drive.
9. A submarine according to claim 1, characterised in that a recess (18) which extends from the pressure hull (2) to the upper deck (8) is formed on the region of the outer casing (4) which leads from the pressure hull (2) to the upper deck (8), wherein the step-like means are arranged in the clearance of the recess (18).
10. A submarine according to claim 9, characterised in that the recess (18) is closable with a shutter (22).

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