EP2573462A1 - Heating system fired with individualised solid fuel elements - Google Patents

Heating system fired with individualised solid fuel elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2573462A1
EP2573462A1 EP12185427A EP12185427A EP2573462A1 EP 2573462 A1 EP2573462 A1 EP 2573462A1 EP 12185427 A EP12185427 A EP 12185427A EP 12185427 A EP12185427 A EP 12185427A EP 2573462 A1 EP2573462 A1 EP 2573462A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grid
fuel
heating system
elements
combustion chamber
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Application number
EP12185427A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2573462B1 (en
Inventor
Maurice Perge
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Sarl CEVEN
R L CEVEN SA
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Sarl CEVEN
R L CEVEN SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone
    • F23B30/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces that move through the combustion zone, e.g. with chain grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H11/00—Travelling-grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of heating installations capable of operating from a fuel of the type with individual elements such as shredded wood, granules (pellets), chips, sawdust, etc.
  • the heating system according to the invention finds particularly advantageous applications for constituting a stove or a heating boiler with individual elements of wood type.
  • a heating system has a combustion chamber having an outlet for the fuel of the type with individual elements such as shredded wood or pellets.
  • the supply of fuel is ensured by means of a feed system comprising one or more worms ensuring the transfer of fuel between a storage silo and the combustion chamber.
  • the delivery system is conventionally provided with a safety system against backfires such as a fire damper or an airlock.
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with a fuel recovery grid provided by the supply system.
  • the combustion chamber comprises, beneath the recovery grid, an enclosure for supplying a primary oxidant intended to pass through the grid via primary passages arranged in the grid.
  • the fuel placed on the grid is intended to be ignited by means of an igniter controlled on / off.
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with a system for supplying a secondary oxidant for gases and fumes rising from the combustion chamber into a recovery chamber.
  • Another known solution is to mount the grid tilting manner to ensure its tilting 90 ° to automatically remove the ash and foreign bodies of the grid.
  • Such a technique requires stopping the combustion and motorizing the grid.
  • this technique does not ensure complete ash removal of the grid.
  • the present invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the technique by proposing a new fuel heating system with individual elements having ease of implementation while allowing to obtain an improved thermal efficiency.
  • the heating installation comprises a system for cleaning the grid by penetrating fingers in the primary passages presented by the grid.
  • the heating system according to the invention makes it possible to maintain constant the parameters of good combustion while avoiding the implementation of a servo system.
  • the fingers of cleaning of the grid form part of a wheel of rotation drive also ensuring the displacement of the elements of recovery.
  • the elements for recovering the grid are flat or round elements, independent of each other and guided in displacement at their ends.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a heating installation designed to operate at a variable combustion power of 1 to 3 per model.
  • the heating system comprises a hearth having movable walls modifying the surface of the gate and the volume of the hearth and the flow rate of the primary oxidant and the secondary oxidizer for varying the power. of combustion.
  • the object of the invention relates to a 1 Heating installation operating with a fuel 2 which appears in the form of individual elements such as particles or granules of solid materials such as wood chips, granules (pellets), chips, sawdust, etc.
  • a fuel 2 which appears in the form of individual elements such as particles or granules of solid materials such as wood chips, granules (pellets), chips, sawdust, etc.
  • the heating system according to the invention is particularly suitable for shredded wood.
  • the heating installation 1 comprises a combustion chamber 3 delimited by a closed envelope 4 of refractory character which will be described more precisely in the following description.
  • the combustion chamber 3 comprises an outlet orifice 5 for the fuel 2 supplied via a delivery system 6.
  • the feed system 6 comprises a worm 7 mounted inside a straight duct tight 8.
  • the right duct 8 is supplied with fuel stored inside a sealed silo 9.
  • the worm 7 is rotated by means of a geared motor 11. The worm 7 thus ensures the transfer, in a sealed manner between the storage silo 9 and the combustion chamber 3, for the fuel which arrives in the combustion chamber 3 through the outlet orifice 5.
  • the worm 7 is mounted interchangeably in the right sealed conduit 8, thus making it possible to change the fuel used and for example to pass shredded wood pellets.
  • the worm 7 is mounted inside a sheath before being placed in the right sealed duct 8.
  • the cross section of the worm 7 is between 1 ⁇ 4 and 1 ⁇ 2 of the cross section of the duct 8.
  • This embodiment allows to obtain a high fuel flow while using a geared motor of lower power, leading to lower consumption.
  • this design leads to noise-free operation and fuel supply to the center.
  • the combustion chamber 3 also has a gate 13 which opens on the orifice 5 2 Fuel the feed to be deposited on the gate 13. Below the gate 13 recovery ( Fig. 5 ), is provided an enclosure 14 for supplying a primary oxidant 15 intended to cross the gate 13 by primary passages 16 ( Fig. 6 ).
  • the primary oxidant such as air is supplied by a fan 17 blowing the air inside the enclosure 14 and passes through the grid 13 through the primary passages 16.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is equipped with a device 18 for igniting the fuel placed on the gate 13.
  • the device 18 is a thermal igniter opening into the combustion chamber 3, substantially at the outlet orifice 5 of the fuel.
  • the igniter is placed in the flow of primary oxidant delivered by the fan 17.
  • the thermal igniter 18 is inclined to be directed towards the fuel pile formed on the grid 13.
  • the grid 13 comprises a series of grid elements 21 mounted in a juxtaposed and endless manner, being driven in displacement to be able to translate at least in a laying surface S substantially flat and on which opens outlet port 5 of the fuel.
  • the laying surface S of the grid 13 thus extends below the outlet orifice 5, with or without an offset of height with respect to this outlet orifice 5.
  • the grid 13 is constituted by a series of elements 21 preferably independent, and mounted contiguously or contiguously to move in a loop path, in the manner of an endless chain or band.
  • the grid elements 21 are thus caused to extend successively in the laying surface S, in a lower flat surface S 1 located below and parallel to the laying surface S and in two curved areas S 2 and S 3 connecting between the flat surfaces S and S 1 .
  • the path of movement of the grid elements 21 has an oblong shape but it is clear that the path of movement of the grid elements 21 outside the flat laying surface S may have a different path.
  • the grid elements 21 are constituted by flat elements having a parallelepipedal shape.
  • the grid elements 21 may have a different shape such as round.
  • the grid elements 21 are tubes that can rotate on their axis.
  • these grid elements 21 are made of steel, stainless steel, cast iron or ceramic. These grid elements 21 are guided in displacement at their ends, in guides 23 such as slides.
  • the grid elements 21 are arranged to present the primary passages 16 for the primary oxidant.
  • the shape of the primary passages arranged in the grid elements 21 are of any suitable form.
  • the grid elements 21 are driven in translation by means of a drive system 24.
  • the drive system 24 comprises two wheels 25 for rotating the grid elements 21, situated in curved areas S 2 , S 3 .
  • the rotational drive of the grid elements 21 located in the curved zones S 2 , S 3 leads, under the effect of the thrust forces exerted by the grid elements 21 between them, to a translation of the grid elements 21 in the flat surfaces S, S 1 .
  • the drive wheels 25 are rotated by means of a motor unit which is preferably the geared motor 11 which ensures the rotation of the worm screw 7.
  • the geared motor 11 drives the drive wheels 25 to rotate. using a transmission 11 1 .
  • the wheels 25 continuously drive the grid elements 21.
  • the drive wheels 25 are adapted so that their rotation does not cause the displacement of the grid elements 21 located in the laying surface S for a predetermined period of time. It should be understood that the grid remains fixed during this predetermined period of time while the fuel is fed by the worm 7.
  • the heating installation comprises a system 26 for cleaning the grid 13 by penetrating fingers 27 in the primary passages 16 presented by the grid 13.
  • the fingers 27 thus make it possible to clean the grid and 'remove any waste likely to clog the primary passages 16.
  • the fingers 27 of the grid form part of the rotating drive wheels 25.
  • the fingers 27 provide a dual function, namely to drive the grid elements 21 and to clean the primary passages 16.
  • the cleaning of the primary passages 16 may be provided by fingers 27 which are mounted independently of the drive wheels 25.
  • the hearth 3 has movable walls 31 modifying the surface of the grid 13 and the combustion volume and the flow of the primary 15 and secondary oxidizer 19.
  • the combustion chamber 3 comprises at least two movable walls 31 extending from on both sides of the fuel outlet orifice 5 and between a position outside the grid 13 corresponding to the maximum power (wall 31 at the bottom on the Fig. 6 ) and a partial overlap position of the grid 13 corresponding to a minimum power (wall 31 at the top on the Fig. 6 ).
  • the displacement of the movable walls 31 makes it possible to obtain a variable combustion power that can vary in a ratio of 1 to 3.
  • the heating installation 1 thus has an adjustable heating power of combustion. It is thus very easy to be able to switch from one type of fuel to another, such as pellets to shredded wood.
  • the movable walls 31 are located outside the grid 13 so that all the primary passages 16 deliver the primary oxidant inside the combustion chamber 3.
  • the communication passages 20 2 for the secondary oxidizer 19 occupy their maximum open position. Indeed, the communication passages 20 2 are not obstructed by the movable walls 31, as shown by the wall 31 located at the bottom on the Fig. 6 .
  • the movable walls 31 reduce the surface of the grid 13 and consequently the combustion volume, with decrease of the primary oxidant leaving through the primary passages 16.
  • the communication passages 2 for the secondary oxidizer 19 occupy a reduced opening position, resulting in a decrease in the flow rate of the secondary oxidant 19 delivered by the secondary passages 20 1 .
  • the movable walls 31 are pivoted, gradually closing the communication passages 2 , as shown by the wall 31 at the top on the Fig. 6 .
  • the displacement of the movable walls 31 between these two extreme positions makes it possible to adjust the combustion power.
  • the movement of the movable walls 31 allows to vary simultaneously the flow rate of the primary 15 and secondary oxidizing 19.
  • the variation in the flow rate of the secondary oxidant 19 is proportional to the flow rate of the primary oxidant 15.
  • the two movable walls 31 are mounted each articulated along a vertical axis 33 located near the outlet orifice 5.
  • the movable walls 31 can be pivoted between a position in which the movable walls 31 are parallel to each other and to the edges of the grid 13 and a position in which their opposite ends of those articulated are close together.
  • each movable wall 31 comprises a refractory material mounted on a support delimiting between them a chamber 32 for distributing the secondary oxidant, communicating with the communication passage 2 and the secondary passages 20 1 formed in the refractory material.
  • the movable walls 31 are moved using a manual or motorized control 35.
  • this control 35 makes it possible to simultaneously pivot the movable walls 31 so as to maintain symmetry at the combustion chamber.
  • This control 35 has several preselected positions corresponding to the various combustion powers varying between the maximum and minimum positions.
  • the control 35 acts simultaneously on the ends of the movable walls 31 opposite those adjacent to the pivot axis.
  • a control plate 40 by weighing is mounted to recover the various compounds brought by the grid at the end of its path on the laying surface S.
  • the control plate 40 is mounted substantially at the axis of rotation of the drive wheel 25, being spaced apart from the gate elements 21 passing in front, at a suitable interval to let the ash and recover various compounds.
  • a movable ashtray 46 such as a drawer is mounted below the gate 13 to recover the ashes falling from the gate 13 on the end of travel of the gate elements 21 in the laying surface S. It should be noted that when the ashtray is full, the ashes can not fall into the ashtray and are found recovered by the control tray 40.
  • the control plate 40 is intended to receive, with the exception of normal ashes, and as compounds, the unburned fuel in case of ignition failure or bad combustion or waste such as pebbles, spikes, etc. As indicated above, the control plate 40 also recovers ashes when the ashtray is full.
  • the control plate 40 is pivotally mounted about a pivot axis 41. The overload of the plate 40 causes it to tilt, which is detected by a contactor 43 connected to a control circuit 44 designed to control the operation of the heating installation . When the switch 43 detects a tilting of the control plate 40, the control circuit 44 leads to the shutdown of the installation.
  • the Fig. 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an embodiment in which is mounted below the gate, a system 48 for discharging ash inside the ashtray 46.
  • this exhaust system 48 is an axis braces driven by the displacement of the grid elements 21 and in particular those located in the lower plane to the laying plane S. The rotation of this crossbar axis causes the ash to be fed to the ashtray 46.
  • the control circuit 44 drives the geared motor 11 to bring the fuel 2 into the home via the worm 7, and to move the grid elements 21 to ensure the spreading of the fuel 2. Simultaneously, the control circuit 44 ensures the operation of the igniter 18 and the fan 17 which ensures the supply of primary 15 and secondary oxidants 19. From the beginning of combustion, the igniter 18 is off .
  • the control circuit 44 controls the sequential displacement of the grid elements 21 as a function of the feed of the fuel 2. Thus, the grid elements 21 are displaced by a predetermined distance to ensure a good distribution of the fuel on the grid.
  • the chamber A for recovering gases and fumes is made of a refractory material or refractory stones delimiting internally a vertical nozzle 50 in the form of venturi surmounted by a focus sky 51.
  • the form of venturi allows accelerate the gases and fumes inside room A.
  • This heating installation 1 may advantageously comprise at least one heat exchanger between a circulation circuit of a coolant (gaseous or liquid) and the circuit of gases and fumes rising from the combustion chamber 3.
  • a coolant gaseous or liquid
  • This heating installation 1 can thus equip a stove or a heating boiler.
  • this heating installation 1 can respond to combustion powers of between less than 10 kW and more than 300 kW.

Abstract

The installation has a combustion chamber (3) including an outlet opening (5) supplied with fuel by a fuel supply system, where the outlet opening leads to a grid (13) for recovering the fuel. An enclosure (14) supplies a primary oxidant (15) that is intended to pass through the grid by primary passages. A secondary oxidant supply system supplies a secondary oxidant (19) to the combustion chamber, and an ignition device ignites the fuel in the combustion chamber. A cleaning system (26) cleans the grid by penetration of fingers (27) in the primary passages provided by the grid.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine technique des installations de chauffage susceptibles de fonctionner à partir d'un combustible du type à éléments individualisés tels que du bois déchiqueté, des granulés (pellets), copeaux, sciure, etc..The present invention relates to the technical field of heating installations capable of operating from a fuel of the type with individual elements such as shredded wood, granules (pellets), chips, sawdust, etc.

L'installation de chauffage selon l'invention trouve des applications particulièrement avantageuses pour constituer un poêle ou une chaudière de chauffage à éléments individualisés de type bois.The heating system according to the invention finds particularly advantageous applications for constituting a stove or a heating boiler with individual elements of wood type.

D'une manière générale, une installation de chauffage comporte un foyer de combustion présentant un orifice de sortie pour le combustible du type à éléments individualisés tels que le bois déchiqueté ou les granulés (pellets). L'approvisionnement du combustible est assuré à l'aide d'un système d'amenée comportant une ou plusieurs vis sans fin assurant le transfert du combustible entre un silo de stockage et le foyer de combustion. Le système d'amenée est pourvu classiquement d'un système de sécurité contre les retours de flamme tels qu'un clapet coupe-feu ou un sas d'isolation.In general, a heating system has a combustion chamber having an outlet for the fuel of the type with individual elements such as shredded wood or pellets. The supply of fuel is ensured by means of a feed system comprising one or more worms ensuring the transfer of fuel between a storage silo and the combustion chamber. The delivery system is conventionally provided with a safety system against backfires such as a fire damper or an airlock.

Le foyer de combustion est équipé d'une grille de récupération du combustible apporté par le système d'amenée. Le foyer de combustion comporte en dessous de la grille de récupération, une enceinte de fourniture d'un comburant primaire destiné à traverser la grille par des passages primaires aménagés dans la grille. Le combustible placé sur la grille est destiné à être enflammé à l'aide d'un allumeur piloté en allumage/extinction. Classiquement, le foyer de combustion est équipé d'un système de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire pour les gaz et fumées s'élevant à partir du foyer de combustion dans une chambre de récupération.The combustion chamber is equipped with a fuel recovery grid provided by the supply system. The combustion chamber comprises, beneath the recovery grid, an enclosure for supplying a primary oxidant intended to pass through the grid via primary passages arranged in the grid. The fuel placed on the grid is intended to be ignited by means of an igniter controlled on / off. Conventionally, the combustion chamber is equipped with a system for supplying a secondary oxidant for gases and fumes rising from the combustion chamber into a recovery chamber.

L'inconvénient principal d'une telle installation de chauffage provient de son mauvais rendement thermique dû en particulier à la mauvaise combustion du combustible.The main disadvantage of such a heating installation comes from its poor thermal efficiency due in particular to the poor combustion of the fuel.

Pour tenter d'améliorer la combustion du combustible, il est connu de placer une sonde à l'intérieur du foyer et de piloter en conséquence le débit du comburant primaire apporté au sein du foyer. Un tel asservissement est coûteux et relativement délicat à mettre en oeuvre.In an attempt to improve the combustion of the fuel, it is known to place a probe inside the hearth and to control accordingly the flow of the primary oxidant brought into the home. Such control is expensive and relatively difficult to implement.

Pour tenter d'améliorer la combustion du combustible, il a été proposé en complément ou non de la technique d'asservissement décrite ci-dessus, de nettoyer régulièrement la grille.In an attempt to improve the combustion of the fuel, it has been proposed, in addition or not to the servo-control technique described above, to clean the grid regularly.

Une solution consiste à nettoyer manuellement la grille ce qui constitue une opération relativement peu facile à mener à bien.One solution is to manually clean the grid which is a relatively difficult operation to carry out.

Une autre solution connue consiste à monter la grille de manière basculante en vue d'assurer son basculement de 90° afin d'éliminer automatiquement la cendre et les corps étrangers de la grille. Une telle technique nécessite d'arrêter la combustion et de motoriser la grille. Par ailleurs, en pratique cette technique ne permet pas d'assurer un décendrage complet de la grille.Another known solution is to mount the grid tilting manner to ensure its tilting 90 ° to automatically remove the ash and foreign bodies of the grid. Such a technique requires stopping the combustion and motorizing the grid. Moreover, in practice this technique does not ensure complete ash removal of the grid.

La demande de brevet EP 1 260 764 propose des moyens d'agitation de la grille qui sont de conception délicate à mettre en oeuvre.The patent application EP 1 260 764 proposes stirring means of the grid which are of delicate design to implement.

Le brevet US 5 375 540 propose de réaliser la grille sous la forme d'éléments montés sous la forme d'une chaîne sans fin, entrainés en déplacement selon un sens d'entrainement du combustible en dehors de l'orifice de sortie. Une telle installation présente un mauvais rendement thermique dans la mesure où les paramètres d'une bonne combustion ne sont pas maintenus constants notamment en ce qui concerne l'alimentation en comburant primaire traversant la grille.The patent US 5,375,540 proposes to make the grid in the form of elements mounted in the form of an endless chain, driven in displacement along a direction of fuel entrainment outside the outlet orifice. Such an installation has a poor thermal efficiency insofar as the parameters of good combustion are not kept constant especially with regard to the supply of primary oxidant passing through the grid.

La présente invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de la technique en proposant une nouvelle installation de chauffage pour combustible à éléments individualisés présentant une facilité de mise en oeuvre tout en permettant d'obtenir un rendement thermique amélioré.The present invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the technique by proposing a new fuel heating system with individual elements having ease of implementation while allowing to obtain an improved thermal efficiency.

Pour atteindre un tel objectif, l'installation de chauffage pour combustible du type à éléments individualisés, comporte :

  • un foyer de combustion présentant un orifice de sortie du combustible apporté par un système d'amenée, l'orifice de sortie débouchant sur une grille de récupération du combustible, en dessous de laquelle est aménagée une enceinte de fourniture d'un comburant primaire destiné à traverser la grille par des passages primaires, la grille de récupération comportant une série d'éléments de grille montés de manière juxtaposée et sans fin, entraînés en déplacement pour pouvoir se translater au moins dans une surface sensiblement plane sur laquelle débouche l'orifice de sortie du combustible et selon un sens d'entraînement du combustible en dehors dudit orifice de sortie, un comburant secondaire étant amené dans le foyer de combustion par un système de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire,
  • un dispositif pour enflammer le combustible à l'intérieur du foyer de combustion,
  • et une chambre de récupération des gaz et fumées s'élevant à partir du foyer de combustion.
To achieve such an objective, the fuel heating system of the individualized element type comprises:
  • a combustion chamber having a fuel outlet provided by a delivery system, the outlet opening opening on a fuel recovery grid, below which is provided a supply chamber of a primary oxidant for passing through the grid through primary passages, the recovery grid comprising a series of grid elements mounted in a juxtaposed manner and endlessly, driven in displacement to be able to translate at least in a substantially flat surface on which opens the fuel outlet and in a direction of driving the fuel out of said outlet orifice, a secondary oxidizer being brought into the combustion chamber by a system for supplying a secondary oxidizer,
  • a device for igniting the fuel inside the combustion chamber,
  • and a gas and smoke recovery chamber rising from the combustion chamber.

Selon l'invention, l'installation de chauffage comporte un système de nettoyage de la grille par pénétration de doigts dans les passages primaires présentés par la grille.According to the invention, the heating installation comprises a system for cleaning the grid by penetrating fingers in the primary passages presented by the grid.

L'installation de chauffage selon l'invention permet de maintenir constants les paramètres d'une bonne combustion tout en s'affranchissant de la mise en oeuvre d'un système d'asservissement.The heating system according to the invention makes it possible to maintain constant the parameters of good combustion while avoiding the implementation of a servo system.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de réalisation, les doigts de nettoyage de la grille font partie d'une roue d'entraînement en rotation assurant aussi le déplacement des éléments de récupération.According to an advantageous characteristic of realization, the fingers of cleaning of the grid form part of a wheel of rotation drive also ensuring the displacement of the elements of recovery.

Avantageusement, les éléments de récupération de la grille sont des éléments plats ou ronds, indépendants les uns des autres et guidés en déplacement à leurs extrémités.Advantageously, the elements for recovering the grid are flat or round elements, independent of each other and guided in displacement at their ends.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer une installation de chauffage conçue pour fonctionner à une puissance de combustion variable de 1 à 3 par modèle.Another object of the invention is to propose a heating installation designed to operate at a variable combustion power of 1 to 3 per model.

Pour atteindre un tel objectif, l'installation de chauffage selon l'invention comporte un foyer comportant des parois mobiles modifiant la surface de la grille et le volume du foyer ainsi que le débit du comburant primaire et du comburant secondaire permettant de faire varier la puissance de combustion.To achieve such an objective, the heating system according to the invention comprises a hearth having movable walls modifying the surface of the gate and the volume of the hearth and the flow rate of the primary oxidant and the secondary oxidizer for varying the power. of combustion.

L'installation de chauffage selon l'invention comporte également en combinaison l'une et/ou l'autre des caractéristiques techniques additionnelles suivantes :

  • le foyer comporte au moins deux parois mobiles s'étendant de part et d'autre de l'orifice de sortie du combustible, en étant articulées selon un axe vertical situé à proximité dudit orifice de sortie du combustible, les parois mobiles étant déplacées à l'aide d'une commande manuelle ou motorisée,
  • les parois mobiles sont aménagées pour délivrer le comburant secondaire, les comburants primaire et secondaire étant fournis par un unique ventilateur,
  • un plateau de contrôle par pesée monté à l'extrémité de la surface plane de la grille et dont le basculement conduit à l'arrêt de l'installation,
  • le système d'amenée du combustible est une vis sans fin montée à l'intérieur d'un conduit droit étanche et entrainée en rotation par un motoréducteur,
  • la vis sans fin est montée de manière interchangeable à l'intérieur du conduit en étant insérée ou non à l'intérieur d'un fourreau,
  • la section transversale de la vis sans fin est comprise entre ¼ et ½ de la section transversale du conduit,
  • le motoréducteur d'entraînement de la vis sans fin assure également l'entraînement en rotation de la roue équipée des doigts de nettoyage de la grille,
  • la roue d'entraînement est aménagée de manière que la rotation de la roue par le motoréducteur d'entraînement de la vis sans fin n'entraine pas le déplacement des éléments de grille situés dans la surface de pose pendant une période de temps prédéterminée,
  • l'installation comporte un cendrier mobile monté en-dessous de la grille pour récupérer les cendres de la grille, un système à croisillons étant entrainés en rotation par le passage des éléments de grille pour entrainer les cendres vers le cendrier,
  • un circuit de commande permettant de piloter le déplacement séquentiel des éléments de la grille, en fonction de l'amenée du combustible sur la grille,
  • la chambre de récupération des gaz et fumées est réalisée en matériau réfractaire et comporte une tuyère verticale en forme de venturi, surmontée d'un ciel de foyer,
  • au moins un échangeur de chaleur entre un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur et un circuit de circulation des gaz et fumées.
The heating system according to the invention also comprises in combination one and / or the other of the following additional technical characteristics:
  • the furnace comprises at least two movable walls extending on either side of the fuel outlet orifice, being articulated along a vertical axis situated close to said fuel outlet orifice, the movable walls being displaced at the using a manual or motorized control,
  • the moving walls are arranged to deliver the secondary oxidizer, the primary and secondary oxidizers being provided by a single fan,
  • a weighing control plate mounted at the end of the flat surface of the grid and whose tilting leads to the shutdown of the installation,
  • the fuel supply system is an endless screw mounted inside a straight conduit sealed and rotated by a geared motor,
  • the worm is mounted interchangeably inside the duct whether or not it is inserted inside a sheath,
  • the cross section of the worm is between ¼ and ½ of the duct cross section,
  • the gear motor of the worm drive also provides the rotational drive of the wheel equipped with the cleaning fingers of the grid,
  • the drive wheel is arranged in such a way that the rotation of the wheel by the worm drive geared motor does not cause the displacement of the grid elements situated in the laying surface for a predetermined period of time,
  • the installation comprises a movable ashtray mounted below the grate to recover the ashes of the grid, a crossbar system being rotated by the passage of the grid elements to drive the ash towards the ashtray,
  • a control circuit for controlling the sequential displacement of the elements of the grid, as a function of the supply of fuel to the grid,
  • the gas and smoke recovery chamber is made of refractory material and comprises a vertical nozzle in the form of venturi, surmounted by a hearth sky,
  • at least one heat exchanger between a heat transfer fluid circulating circuit and a flue gas circulation circuit.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.

  • La Figure 1 est une vue en coupe élévation montrant un exemple de réalisation de l'installation de chauffage conforme à l'invention.
  • La Figure 2 est une vue en élévation d'un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif de stockage et d'amenée du combustible à une installation de chauffage conforme à l'invention.
  • La Figure 3 est une vue en coupe prise sensiblement selon les lignes III-III de la Fig. 2 .
  • La Figure 4 est une vue partielle en perspective de l'installation de chauffage conforme à l'invention.
  • La Figure 5 est une vue en coupe élévation de l'installation de chauffage montrant son fonctionnement.
  • La Figure 6 est une vue de dessus de l'installation de chauffage illustré à la Fig. 5 , et montrant les parois mobiles du foyer de combustion placées selon deux positions caractéristiques.
  • La Figure 7 est une vue de dessus de l'installation de chauffage analogue à la Fig. 6 et montrant la commande des parois mobiles du foyer de combustion.
  • La Figure 8 est une vue en coupe montrant une autre variante de réalisation de l'installation conforme à l'invention.
Various other characteristics appear from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of non-limiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.
  • The Figure 1 is a sectional elevation view showing an embodiment of the heating system according to the invention.
  • The Figure 2 is an elevational view of an exemplary embodiment of a storage device and fuel supply to a heating system according to the invention.
  • The Figure 3 is a sectional view taken substantially along the lines III-III of the Fig. 2 .
  • The Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of the heating system according to the invention.
  • The Figure 5 is a sectional view elevation of the heating system showing its operation.
  • The Figure 6 is a top view of the heating system shown in Fig. 5 , and showing the movable walls of the combustion chamber placed in two characteristic positions.
  • The Figure 7 is a top view of the heating system similar to the Fig. 6 and showing the control of the movable walls of the combustion chamber.
  • The Figure 8 is a sectional view showing another alternative embodiment of the installation according to the invention.

Tel que cela ressort plus précisément des Figures 1 à 4 , l'objet de l'invention concerne une installation de chauffage 1 fonctionnant à l'aide d'un combustible 2 se présentant sous la forme d'éléments individualisés tels que des particules, ou des granulés de matériaux solides tels que du bois déchiqueté, des granulés (pellets), copeaux, sciure, etc.. Selon une variante préférée de réalisation, il est à noter que l'installation de chauffage selon l'invention est particulièrement adaptée pour du bois déchiqueté.As more specifically Figures 1 to 4 The object of the invention relates to a 1 Heating installation operating with a fuel 2 which appears in the form of individual elements such as particles or granules of solid materials such as wood chips, granules (pellets), chips, sawdust, etc. According to a variant preferred embodiment, it should be noted that the heating system according to the invention is particularly suitable for shredded wood.

L'installation de chauffage 1 comporte un foyer de combustion 3 délimité par une enveloppe fermée 4 à caractère réfractaire qui sera décrite plus précisément dans la suite de la description. Le foyer de combustion 3 comporte un orifice de sortie 5 pour le combustible 2 apporté par l'intermédiaire d'un système d'amenée 6. The heating installation 1 comprises a combustion chamber 3 delimited by a closed envelope 4 of refractory character which will be described more precisely in the following description. The combustion chamber 3 comprises an outlet orifice 5 for the fuel 2 supplied via a delivery system 6.

Selon une variante préférée de réalisation, le système d'amenée 6 comporte une vis sans fin 7 montée à l'intérieur d'un conduit droit étanche 8. Le conduit droit 8 est approvisionné en combustible stocké à l'intérieur d'un silo étanche 9. La vis sans fin 7 est entraînée en rotation par l'intermédiaire d'un motoréducteur 11. La vis sans fin 7 assure ainsi le transfert, de manière étanche entre le silo de stockage 9 et le foyer de combustion 3, pour le combustible qui arrive dans le foyer de combustion 3 par l'orifice de sortie 5. According to a preferred embodiment, the feed system 6 comprises a worm 7 mounted inside a straight duct tight 8. The right duct 8 is supplied with fuel stored inside a sealed silo 9. The worm 7 is rotated by means of a geared motor 11. The worm 7 thus ensures the transfer, in a sealed manner between the storage silo 9 and the combustion chamber 3, for the fuel which arrives in the combustion chamber 3 through the outlet orifice 5.

Selon une variante préférée de réalisation, la vis sans fin 7 est montée de manière interchangeable dans le conduit droit étanche 8, permettant ainsi de changer de combustible utilisé et par exemple de passer du bois déchiqueté à des granulés. A cet effet, la vis sans fin 7 est montée à l'intérieur d'un fourreau avant d'être placé dans le conduit droit étanche 8. According to a preferred embodiment, the worm 7 is mounted interchangeably in the right sealed conduit 8, thus making it possible to change the fuel used and for example to pass shredded wood pellets. For this purpose, the worm 7 is mounted inside a sheath before being placed in the right sealed duct 8.

Selon un exemple préféré de réalisation illustrée à la Fig. 8 , la section transversale de la vis sans fin 7 est comprise entre ¼ et ½ de la section transversale du conduit 8. According to a preferred exemplary embodiment illustrated in Fig. 8 , the cross section of the worm 7 is between ¼ and ½ of the cross section of the duct 8.

Cette variante de réalisation permet d'obtenir un débit important en combustible tout en ayant recours à un motoréducteur de moindre puissance, conduisant à une consommation en baisse. Par ailleurs, cette conception conduit à un fonctionnement sans bruit et à l'amenée du combustible au centre.This embodiment allows to obtain a high fuel flow while using a geared motor of lower power, leading to lower consumption. In addition, this design leads to noise-free operation and fuel supply to the center.

Le foyer de combustion 3 comporte également une grille 13 sur laquelle débouche l'orifice 5 d'amenée du combustible 2 destiné à être déposé sur la grille 13. En dessous de la grille de récupération 13 ( Fig. 5 ), est aménagée une enceinte 14 de fourniture d'un comburant primaire 15 destiné à traverser la grille 13 par des passages primaires 16 ( Fig. 6 ). Le comburant primaire tel que de l'air est fourni par un ventilateur 17 soufflant l'air à l'intérieur de l'enceinte 14 et traverse la grille 13 à travers les passages primaires 16. Le foyer de combustion 3 est équipé d'un dispositif 18 pour enflammer le combustible placé sur la grille 13. Par exemple, le dispositif 18 est un allumeur thermique débouchant dans le foyer de combustion 3, sensiblement au niveau de l'orifice de sortie 5 du combustible.The combustion chamber 3 also has a gate 13 which opens on the orifice 5 2 Fuel the feed to be deposited on the gate 13. Below the gate 13 recovery ( Fig. 5 ), is provided an enclosure 14 for supplying a primary oxidant 15 intended to cross the gate 13 by primary passages 16 ( Fig. 6 ). The primary oxidant such as air is supplied by a fan 17 blowing the air inside the enclosure 14 and passes through the grid 13 through the primary passages 16. The combustion chamber 3 is equipped with a device 18 for igniting the fuel placed on the gate 13. For example, the device 18 is a thermal igniter opening into the combustion chamber 3, substantially at the outlet orifice 5 of the fuel.

Avantageusement, l'allumeur est placé dans le flux de comburant primaire délivré par le ventilateur 17. Selon l'exemple illustré à la Fig. 8 , l'allumeur thermique 18 est incliné pour être dirigé vers le tas de combustible formé sur la grille 13. Advantageously, the igniter is placed in the flow of primary oxidant delivered by the fan 17. According to the example illustrated in FIG. Fig. 8 , the thermal igniter 18 is inclined to be directed towards the fuel pile formed on the grid 13.

De manière classique, un comburant secondaire 19 est amené dans le foyer de combustion 3 par un système 20 de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire qui dans l'exemple illustré est réalisé par le ventilateur 17. Ainsi, le comburant secondaire 19 est amené pour les gaz et fumées qui s'élève à partir du foyer de combustion 3 dans une chambre de récupération A. Dans l'exemple illustré, le comburant secondaire 19 sort par des passages secondaires 201 aménagées dans les parois 31 du foyer de combustion 3 et communiquant avec l'enceinte 14 par des passages de communication 202. Conventionally, a secondary oxidant 19 is brought into the combustion chamber 3 by a system 20 for supplying a secondary oxidant which, in the example illustrated, is produced by the fan 17. Thus, the secondary oxidant 19 is supplied for the gas and smoke rising from the combustion chamber 3 in a recovery chamber A. In the example illustrated, the secondary oxidizer 19 exits through secondary passages 20 1 arranged in the walls 31 of the combustion chamber 3 and communicating with the enclosure 14 by communication passages 20 2 .

Conformément à l'invention, la grille 13 comporte une série d'éléments de grille 21 montés de manière juxtaposée et sans fin, en étant entraînée en déplacement pour pouvoir se translater au moins dans une surface de pose S sensiblement plane et sur laquelle débouche l'orifice de sortie 5 du combustible. La surface de pose S de la grille 13 s'étend donc en dessous de l'orifice de sortie 5, avec ou non un décalage de hauteur par rapport à cet orifice de sortie 5. According to the invention, the grid 13 comprises a series of grid elements 21 mounted in a juxtaposed and endless manner, being driven in displacement to be able to translate at least in a laying surface S substantially flat and on which opens outlet port 5 of the fuel. The laying surface S of the grid 13 thus extends below the outlet orifice 5, with or without an offset of height with respect to this outlet orifice 5.

La grille 13 est donc constituée par une série d'éléments 21 de préférence indépendants, et montés de manière jointive ou accolée pour se déplacer selon une trajectoire en boucle, à la manière d'une chaîne ou d'une bande sans fin. Dans l'exemple illustré, les éléments de grille 21 sont donc amenés à s'étendre successivement dans la surface de pose S, dans une surface plane inférieure S1 située en dessous et parallèlement à la surface de pose S et dans deux zones courbes S2 et S3 de raccordement entre les surfaces planes S et S1. Tel que cela ressort plus précisément de la Fig. 5 , le chemin de déplacement des éléments de grille 21 a une forme oblongue mais il est clair que le chemin de déplacement des éléments de grille 21 en dehors de la surface plane de pose S peut présenter un trajet différent.The grid 13 is constituted by a series of elements 21 preferably independent, and mounted contiguously or contiguously to move in a loop path, in the manner of an endless chain or band. In the example illustrated, the grid elements 21 are thus caused to extend successively in the laying surface S, in a lower flat surface S 1 located below and parallel to the laying surface S and in two curved areas S 2 and S 3 connecting between the flat surfaces S and S 1 . As is more particularly apparent from the Fig. 5 , the path of movement of the grid elements 21 has an oblong shape but it is clear that the path of movement of the grid elements 21 outside the flat laying surface S may have a different path.

Les éléments de grille 21 sont déplacés selon un sens donné représenté par la flèche F1 permettant d'entraîner le combustible en dehors de l'orifice de sortie 5 en vue d'étaler le combustible 2 sur la grille 21 et d'éviter le bouchage de l'orifice de sortie S. Dans l'exemple illustré, le sens d'entraînement F1 du combustible se trouve situé parallèlement à l'axe de rotation de la vis sans fin 7 et dans le même sens que le sens d'avancement du combustible. Ainsi, lors du déplacement des éléments de grille 21, le combustible 2 déversé sur les éléments de grille 21 se trouve entraîné en translation en dehors de l'orifice de sortie 5 et selon un sens qui prolonge le sens de déplacement du combustible à l'intérieur du conduit droit 8. The grid elements 21 are moved in a given direction represented by the arrow F 1 for driving the fuel outside the outlet orifice 5 in order to spread the fuel 2 on the grid 21 and to avoid clogging. of the outlet orifice S. In the illustrated example, the driving direction F 1 of the fuel is located parallel to the axis of rotation of the worm 7 and in the same direction as the direction of travel fuel. Thus, during the displacement of the grid elements 21, the fuel 2 poured on the grid elements 21 is driven in translation outside the outlet orifice 5 and in a direction that extends the direction of movement of the fuel to the fuel. inside the straight duct 8.

Dans l'exemple illustré, les éléments de grille 21 sont constitués par des éléments plats présentant une forme parallélépipédique. Bien entendu, les éléments de grille 21 peuvent présenter une forme différente telle que ronde. Selon cette variante, les éléments de grille 21 sont des tubes pouvant tourner sur leur axe. Par exemple, ces éléments de grille 21 sont fabriqués en acier, en inox, en fonte ou en céramique. Ces éléments de grille 21 sont guidés en déplacement à leurs extrémités, dans des guides 23 telles que des glissières.In the example shown, the grid elements 21 are constituted by flat elements having a parallelepipedal shape. Of course, the grid elements 21 may have a different shape such as round. According to this variant, the grid elements 21 are tubes that can rotate on their axis. For example, these grid elements 21 are made of steel, stainless steel, cast iron or ceramic. These grid elements 21 are guided in displacement at their ends, in guides 23 such as slides.

Les éléments de grille 21 sont aménagés pour présenter les passages primaires 16 pour le comburant primaire. Bien entendu, la forme des passages primaires aménagés dans les éléments de grille 21 sont de toutes formes appropriés.The grid elements 21 are arranged to present the primary passages 16 for the primary oxidant. Of course, the shape of the primary passages arranged in the grid elements 21 are of any suitable form.

Les éléments de grille 21 sont entraînés en translation à l'aide d'un système d'entraînement 24. The grid elements 21 are driven in translation by means of a drive system 24.

Dans l'exemple illustré, le système d'entraînement 24 comporte deux roues 25 d'entraînement en rotation des éléments de grille 21, situées dans les zones courbes S2, S3. L'entraînement en rotation des éléments de grille 21 situés dans les zones courbes S2, S3 conduit, sous l'effet des efforts de poussée exercés par les éléments de grille 21 entre eux, à une translation des éléments de grille 21 dans les surfaces planes S, S1. Les roues d'entraînement 25 sont entrainées en rotation à l'aide d'un organe moteur qui de préférence est le motoréducteur 11 qui assure la rotation de la vis sans fin 7. Le motoréducteur 11 entraîne en rotation les roues d'entraînement 25 à l'aide d'une transmission 111. In the example illustrated, the drive system 24 comprises two wheels 25 for rotating the grid elements 21, situated in curved areas S 2 , S 3 . The rotational drive of the grid elements 21 located in the curved zones S 2 , S 3 leads, under the effect of the thrust forces exerted by the grid elements 21 between them, to a translation of the grid elements 21 in the flat surfaces S, S 1 . The drive wheels 25 are rotated by means of a motor unit which is preferably the geared motor 11 which ensures the rotation of the worm screw 7. The geared motor 11 drives the drive wheels 25 to rotate. using a transmission 11 1 .

Dans l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 1 à 7 , les roues 25 entrainent en continu les éléments de grille 21. Dans l'exemple illustré à la Fig. 8 , les roues d'entrainement 25 sont adaptés de manière que leur rotation n'entraine pas le déplacement des éléments de grille 21 situés dans la surface de pose S pendant une période de temps prédéterminée. Il doit être compris que la grille reste fixe pendant cette période de temps prédéterminée alors que le combustible est amené par la vis sans fin 7. In the example shown in Fig. 1 to 7 , the wheels 25 continuously drive the grid elements 21. In the example illustrated in FIG. Fig. 8 , the drive wheels 25 are adapted so that their rotation does not cause the displacement of the grid elements 21 located in the laying surface S for a predetermined period of time. It should be understood that the grid remains fixed during this predetermined period of time while the fuel is fed by the worm 7.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'installation de chauffage comporte un système 26 de nettoyage de la grille 13 par pénétration de doigts 27 dans les passages primaires 16 présentés par la grille 13. Les doigts 27 permettent ainsi de nettoyer la grille et d'enlever les éventuels déchets susceptibles de boucher les passages primaires 16. According to one characteristic of the invention, the heating installation comprises a system 26 for cleaning the grid 13 by penetrating fingers 27 in the primary passages 16 presented by the grid 13. The fingers 27 thus make it possible to clean the grid and 'remove any waste likely to clog the primary passages 16.

Selon une variante avantageuse de réalisation, les doigts 27 de la grille font partie des roues d'entraînement en rotation 25. Ainsi, les doigts 27 assurent une double fonction, à savoir d'entraînement des éléments de grille 21 et de nettoyage des passages primaires 16. According to an advantageous variant embodiment, the fingers 27 of the grid form part of the rotating drive wheels 25. Thus, the fingers 27 provide a dual function, namely to drive the grid elements 21 and to clean the primary passages 16.

Bien entendu, le nettoyage des passages primaires 16 peut être assuré par des doigts 27 qui sont montés de manière indépendante par rapport aux roues d'entraînement 25. Of course, the cleaning of the primary passages 16 may be provided by fingers 27 which are mounted independently of the drive wheels 25.

Selon une variante avantageuse de réalisation, le foyer 3 comporte des parois mobiles 31 modifiant la surface de la grille 13 et le volume de combustion ainsi que le débit des comburants primaire 15 et secondaire 19. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré sur les dessins, le foyer de combustion 3 comporte aux moins deux parois mobiles 31 s'étendant de part et d'autre de l'orifice de sortie 5 du combustible et entre une position en dehors de la grille 13 correspondant à la puissance maximum (paroi 31 en bas sur la Fig. 6 ) et une position de recouvrement partielle de la grille 13 correspondant à une puissance minimum (paroi 31 en haut sur la Fig. 6 ). Le déplacement des parois mobiles 31 permet d'obtenir une puissance de combustion variable pouvant varier dans un rapport de 1 à 3. En effet, les parois mobiles 31 réduisent ou augmentent la surface de la grille 13 et le volume de combustion en dosant le débit des comburants primaire 15 et secondaire 19 à la puissance de combustion voulue. L'installation de chauffage 1 selon l'invention présente ainsi une puissance calorifique de combustion réglable. Il est ainsi très facile de pouvoir passer d'un type de combustible à un autre, tels que des granulés à du bois déchiqueté.According to an advantageous variant embodiment, the hearth 3 has movable walls 31 modifying the surface of the grid 13 and the combustion volume and the flow of the primary 15 and secondary oxidizer 19. In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the combustion chamber 3 comprises at least two movable walls 31 extending from on both sides of the fuel outlet orifice 5 and between a position outside the grid 13 corresponding to the maximum power (wall 31 at the bottom on the Fig. 6 ) and a partial overlap position of the grid 13 corresponding to a minimum power (wall 31 at the top on the Fig. 6 ). The displacement of the movable walls 31 makes it possible to obtain a variable combustion power that can vary in a ratio of 1 to 3. Indeed, the movable walls 31 reduce or increase the surface of the grid 13 and the combustion volume by dosing the flow rate primary 15 and secondary 19 to the oxidizing power of the desired combustion. The heating installation 1 according to the invention thus has an adjustable heating power of combustion. It is thus very easy to be able to switch from one type of fuel to another, such as pellets to shredded wood.

Dans la position de combustion maximum, les parois mobiles 31 sont situées en dehors de la grille 13 de sorte que tous les passages primaires 16 délivrent le comburant primaire à l'intérieur du foyer de combustion 3. Dans cette position, les passages de communication 202 pour le comburant secondaire 19 occupent leur position d'ouverture maximale. En effet, les passages de communication 202 ne sont pas obstrués par les parois mobiles 31, comme montré par la paroi 31 située en bas sur la Fig. 6 . Dans la position de combustion minimum ( Fig. 4 et 7 ), les parois mobiles 31 réduisent la surface de la grille 13 et par suite le volume de combustion, avec diminution du comburant primaire sortant à travers les passages primaires 16. Dans cette position, les passages de communication 202 pour le comburant secondaire 19 occupent une position d'ouverture réduite, entraînant une diminution du débit du comburant secondaire 19 délivré par les passages secondaires 201. En effet, les parois mobiles 31 viennent en pivotant, obturer progressivement les passages de communication 202, comme cela est montré par la paroi 31 située en haut sur la Fig. 6 . Ainsi, le déplacement des parois mobiles 31 entre ces deux positions extrêmes permet de régler la puissance de combustion. Il est à noter que le déplacement des parois mobiles 31 permet de faire varier simultanément le débit des comburants primaire 15 et secondaire 19. Avantageusement, la variation du débit du comburant secondaire 19 est proportionnelle au débit du comburant primaire 15. In the maximum combustion position, the movable walls 31 are located outside the grid 13 so that all the primary passages 16 deliver the primary oxidant inside the combustion chamber 3. In this position, the communication passages 20 2 for the secondary oxidizer 19 occupy their maximum open position. Indeed, the communication passages 20 2 are not obstructed by the movable walls 31, as shown by the wall 31 located at the bottom on the Fig. 6 . In the minimum combustion position ( Fig. 4 and 7 ), the movable walls 31 reduce the surface of the grid 13 and consequently the combustion volume, with decrease of the primary oxidant leaving through the primary passages 16. In this position, the communication passages 2 for the secondary oxidizer 19 occupy a reduced opening position, resulting in a decrease in the flow rate of the secondary oxidant 19 delivered by the secondary passages 20 1 . Indeed, the movable walls 31 are pivoted, gradually closing the communication passages 2 , as shown by the wall 31 at the top on the Fig. 6 . Thus, the displacement of the movable walls 31 between these two extreme positions makes it possible to adjust the combustion power. It should be noted that the movement of the movable walls 31 allows to vary simultaneously the flow rate of the primary 15 and secondary oxidizing 19. Advantageously, the variation in the flow rate of the secondary oxidant 19 is proportional to the flow rate of the primary oxidant 15.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, les deux parois mobiles 31 sont montées articulées chacune selon un axe vertical 33 situé à proximité de l'orifice de sortie 5. Ainsi, les parois mobiles 31 peuvent pivotées entre une position dans laquelle les parois mobiles 31 sont parallèles entre elles et aux bords de la grille 13 et une position dans laquelle leurs extrémités opposées de celles articulées sont rapprochées entre-elles.In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the two movable walls 31 are mounted each articulated along a vertical axis 33 located near the outlet orifice 5. Thus, the movable walls 31 can be pivoted between a position in which the movable walls 31 are parallel to each other and to the edges of the grid 13 and a position in which their opposite ends of those articulated are close together.

Dans l'exemple illustré, les parois mobiles 31 sont planes mais il est clair que les parois mobiles 31 peuvent présenter une forme différente telle que incurvée. Les parois 31 sont réalisées en un matériau réfractaire ou pierres réfractaires.In the example shown, the movable walls 31 are flat, but it is clear that the movable walls 31 may have a different shape such as curved. The walls 31 are made of a refractory material or refractory stones.

Selon cet exemple de réalisation, chaque paroi mobile 31 comporte un matériau réfractaire monté sur un support délimitant entre eux une chambre 32 de répartition du comburant secondaire, communiquant avec le passage de communication 202 et les passages secondaires 201 aménagés dans le matériau réfractaire.According to this exemplary embodiment, each movable wall 31 comprises a refractory material mounted on a support delimiting between them a chamber 32 for distributing the secondary oxidant, communicating with the communication passage 2 and the secondary passages 20 1 formed in the refractory material.

Les parois mobiles 31 sont déplacées à l'aide d'une commande 35 manuelle ou motorisée. De préférence, cette commande 35 permet de faire pivoter simultanément les parois mobiles 31 de manière à conserver une symétrie au foyer de combustion. Cette commande 35 comporte plusieurs positions présélectionnées correspondant aux diverses puissances de combustion variant entre les positions maximum et minimum. Par exemple, la commande 35 agit simultanément sur les extrémités des parois mobiles 31 opposées à celles voisines de l'axe de pivotement.The movable walls 31 are moved using a manual or motorized control 35. Preferably, this control 35 makes it possible to simultaneously pivot the movable walls 31 so as to maintain symmetry at the combustion chamber. This control 35 has several preselected positions corresponding to the various combustion powers varying between the maximum and minimum positions. For example, the control 35 acts simultaneously on the ends of the movable walls 31 opposite those adjacent to the pivot axis.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'installation de chauffage selon l'invention, un plateau de contrôle 40 par pesée est monté pour récupérer les divers composés amenés par la grille à la fin de son trajet sur la surface de pose S. Tel que cela ressort de la Fig. 1 , le plateau de contrôle 40 est monté sensiblement au niveau de l'axe de rotation de la roue d'entraînement 25, en étant écarté par rapport aux éléments de grille 21 passant devant, selon un intervalle adapté pour laisser passer les cendres et récupérer divers composés. Un cendrier mobile 46 tel qu'un tiroir est monté en dessous de la grille 13 pour récupérer les cendres tombant de la grille 13 sur la fin de course des éléments de grille 21 dans la surface de pose S. Il est à noter que quand le cendrier est plein, les cendres ne peuvent pas tomber dans le cendrier et se retrouvent récupérées par le plateau de contrôle 40. According to another characteristic of the heating installation according to the invention, a control plate 40 by weighing is mounted to recover the various compounds brought by the grid at the end of its path on the laying surface S. As it is apparent of the Fig. 1 , the control plate 40 is mounted substantially at the axis of rotation of the drive wheel 25, being spaced apart from the gate elements 21 passing in front, at a suitable interval to let the ash and recover various compounds. A movable ashtray 46 such as a drawer is mounted below the gate 13 to recover the ashes falling from the gate 13 on the end of travel of the gate elements 21 in the laying surface S. It should be noted that when the ashtray is full, the ashes can not fall into the ashtray and are found recovered by the control tray 40.

Le plateau de contrôle 40 est destiné à recevoir à l'exception des cendres normales, et en tant que composés, le combustible non brûlé en cas de défaut d'allumage ou de mauvaise combustion ou des déchets tels que cailloux, pointes, etc.. Comme indiqué ci-avant, le plateau de contrôle 40 récupère aussi les cendres lorsque le cendrier est plein. Le plateau de contrôle 40 est monté basculant autour d'un axe de pivotement 41. La surcharge du plateau 40 provoque son basculement qui est détecté par un contacteur 43 relié à un circuit de commande 44 conçu pour piloter le fonctionnement de l'installation de chauffage. Lorsque le contacteur 43 détecte un basculement du plateau de contrôle 40, le circuit de commande 44 conduit à l'arrêt de l'installation.The control plate 40 is intended to receive, with the exception of normal ashes, and as compounds, the unburned fuel in case of ignition failure or bad combustion or waste such as pebbles, spikes, etc. As indicated above, the control plate 40 also recovers ashes when the ashtray is full. The control plate 40 is pivotally mounted about a pivot axis 41. The overload of the plate 40 causes it to tilt, which is detected by a contactor 43 connected to a control circuit 44 designed to control the operation of the heating installation . When the switch 43 detects a tilting of the control plate 40, the control circuit 44 leads to the shutdown of the installation.

La Fig. 8 illustre une variante de réalisation d'un exemple de réalisation dans lequel est monté en-dessous de la grille, un système 48 d'évacuation des cendres à l'intérieur du cendrier 46. Par exemple, ce système d'évacuation 48 est un axe à croisillons entraîné par le déplacement des éléments de grille 21 et en particulier ceux situés dans le plan inférieur au plan de pose S. La rotation de cet axe à croisillon provoque l'amenée des cendres vers le cendrier 46. The Fig. 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an embodiment in which is mounted below the gate, a system 48 for discharging ash inside the ashtray 46. For example, this exhaust system 48 is an axis braces driven by the displacement of the grid elements 21 and in particular those located in the lower plane to the laying plane S. The rotation of this crossbar axis causes the ash to be fed to the ashtray 46.

Le fonctionnement de l'installation 1 découle directement de la description qui précède. Pour assurer l'allumage, le circuit de commande 44 pilote le motoréducteur 11 pour amener le combustible 2 dans le foyer par l'intermédiaire de la vis sans fin 7, et pour déplacer les éléments de grille 21 afin d'assurer l'étalement du combustible 2. Simultanément, le circuit de commande 44 assure la mise en fonctionnement de l'allumeur 18 et du ventilateur 17 qui assure l'amenée des comburants primaire 15 et secondaire 19. Dès le début de la combustion, l'allumeur 18 est éteint. Le circuit de commande 44 pilote le déplacement séquentiel des éléments 21 de grille en fonction de l'amenée du combustible 2. Ainsi, les éléments 21 de grille sont déplacés selon une distance prédéterminée pour assurer une bonne répartition du combustible sur la grille. Le déplacement des éléments 21 de grille est arrêté et l'amenée du combustible 2 est stoppée pendant le temps nécessaire à une bonne combustion du combustible présent sur la grille. Après ce temps d'arrêt prédéfini en fonction de la quantité de combustible amenée, la vis sans fin 7 est commandée pour apporter du combustible 2 sur la grille 13. Les éléments 21 de grille sont de nouveau translatés pour assurer une bonne répartition du combustible. L'arrêt de l'installation consiste à arrêter le ventilateur 17, l'amenée du combustible 2 et le déplacement des éléments 21 de grille. Il est à noter que le redémarrage de la combustion peut intervenir sans l'allumeur 18, avec l'amenée du combustible si celle-ci intervient dans les quinze minutes après l'arrêt de l'installation.The operation of the installation 1 derives directly from the foregoing description. To ensure the ignition, the control circuit 44 drives the geared motor 11 to bring the fuel 2 into the home via the worm 7, and to move the grid elements 21 to ensure the spreading of the fuel 2. Simultaneously, the control circuit 44 ensures the operation of the igniter 18 and the fan 17 which ensures the supply of primary 15 and secondary oxidants 19. From the beginning of combustion, the igniter 18 is off . The control circuit 44 controls the sequential displacement of the grid elements 21 as a function of the feed of the fuel 2. Thus, the grid elements 21 are displaced by a predetermined distance to ensure a good distribution of the fuel on the grid. The movement of the grid elements 21 is stopped and the supply of the fuel 2 is stopped for the time necessary for good combustion of the fuel present on the grid. After this predetermined stopping time as a function of the quantity of fuel supplied, the worm 7 is controlled to bring fuel 2 to the grid 13. The grid elements 21 are again translated to ensure a good distribution of the fuel. The shutdown of the installation consists of stopping the fan 17, the fuel supply 2 and the displacement of the grid elements 21 . It should be noted that the restart of the combustion can take place without the igniter 18, with the supply of fuel if it comes within fifteen minutes after stopping the installation.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de réalisation, la chambre A de récupération des gaz et fumées est réalisée en un matériau réfractaire ou en pierres réfractaires en délimitant intérieurement une tuyère verticale 50 en forme de venturi surmontée par un ciel de foyer 51. La forme de venturi permet d'accélérer les gaz et fumées à l'intérieur de la chambre A. According to an advantageous feature of embodiment, the chamber A for recovering gases and fumes is made of a refractory material or refractory stones delimiting internally a vertical nozzle 50 in the form of venturi surmounted by a focus sky 51. The form of venturi allows accelerate the gases and fumes inside room A.

Cette installation de chauffage 1 peut avantageusement comporter au moins un échangeur de chaleur entre un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur (gazeux ou liquide) et le circuit des gaz et fumées s'élevant à partir du foyer de combustion 3. Bien entendu, les gaz et fumées sortant du foyer de combustion 3 sont conduits à cheminer pour perdre au mieux leurs calories selon les techniques classiques. Cette installation de chauffage 1 peut équiper ainsi un poêle ou une chaudière de chauffage. A titre indicatif, cette installation de chauffage 1 peut répondre à des puissances de combustion comprise entre moins de 10 kW et plus de 300 kW.This heating installation 1 may advantageously comprise at least one heat exchanger between a circulation circuit of a coolant (gaseous or liquid) and the circuit of gases and fumes rising from the combustion chamber 3. Of course, the gases and fumes leaving the combustion chamber 3 are routed to lose their best calories by conventional techniques. This heating installation 1 can thus equip a stove or a heating boiler. As an indication, this heating installation 1 can respond to combustion powers of between less than 10 kW and more than 300 kW.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre.The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown because various modifications can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims (16)

- Installation de chauffage pour combustible (2) du type à éléments individualisés, comportant : - un foyer de combustion (3) présentant un orifice de sortie (5) du combustible (2) apporté par un système d'amenée (6), l'orifice de sortie débouchant sur une grille (13) de récupération du combustible, en dessous de laquelle est aménagée une enceinte (14) de fourniture d'un comburant primaire (15) destiné à traverser la grille par des passages primaires (16), la grille de récupération (13) comportant une série d'éléments de grille (21) montés de manière juxtaposée et sans fin, entraînés en déplacement pour pouvoir se translater au moins dans une surface sensiblement plane (S) sur laquelle débouche l'orifice de sortie (5) du combustible et selon un sens d'entraînement du combustible en dehors dudit orifice de sortie, un comburant secondaire (19) étant amené dans le foyer de combustion par un système (20) de fourniture d'un comburant secondaire (19), - un dispositif (18) pour enflammer le combustible à l'intérieur du foyer de combustion, - et une chambre (A) de récupération des gaz et fumées s'élevant à partir du foyer de combustion (3), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un système de nettoyage (26) de la grille par pénétration de doigts (27) dans les passages primaires présentés par la grille. - Fuel heating system ( 2 ) of the individualized element type, comprising: - a combustion chamber ( 3 ) having an outlet (5) of the fuel (2) provided by a delivery system (6), the outlet opening opening on a grate (13) for recovering the fuel, in below which is provided an enclosure (14) for supplying a primary oxidant (15) intended to pass through the gate through primary passages (16), the recovery grid (13) comprising a series of gate elements (21). ) mounted in a juxtaposed and endless manner, driven in displacement to be able to translate at least in a substantially flat surface (S) on which opens the outlet orifice (5) of the fuel and in a direction of driving the fuel out said outlet orifice, a secondary oxidant (19) being supplied to the combustion chamber by a system (20) for supplying a secondary oxidant (19), a device (18) for igniting the fuel inside the combustion chamber, - and a chamber (A) for recovering gases and fumes rising from the combustion chamber ( 3), characterized in that it comprises a cleaning system (26) of the grid by penetration of fingers (27) in the primary passages presented by the grid. - Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les doigts de nettoyage (27) de la grille (13) font partie d'au moins une roue d'entraînement en rotation (25) pour assurer le déplacement des éléments de grille (21). - Heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning fingers (27) of the grid (13) are part of at least one rotating drive wheel (25) for moving the grid elements. (21). - Installation de chauffage selon la des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les éléments de grille (21) sont des éléments plats ou ronds, indépendants les uns des autres et guidés en déplacement à leurs extrémités. - Heating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the grid elements (21) are flat or round elements, independent of each other and guided in displacement at their ends. - Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le foyer (3) comporte des parois mobiles (31) modifiant la surface de la grille (13) et le volume du foyer de combustion ainsi que le débit du comburant primaire (15) et du comburant secondaire (19) permettant de faire varier la puissance de combustion. - Heating system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fireplace (3) has movable walls (31) modifying the surface of the grid (13) and the volume of the combustion chamber and the flow rate of the primary oxidant (15) and the secondary oxidant (19) for varying the combustion power. - Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le foyer (3) comporte au moins deux parois mobiles (31) s'étendant de part et d'autre de l'orifice de sortie (5) du combustible (2), en étant articulées selon un axe vertical (33) situé à proximité dudit orifice de sortie (5) du combustible, les parois mobiles (31) étant déplacées à l'aide d'une commande (35) manuelle ou motorisée. - Heating installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the hearth (3) comprises at least two movable walls (31) extending on either side of the outlet (5) of the fuel (2) , being articulated along a vertical axis (33) located near said outlet (5) of the fuel, the movable walls (31) being moved by means of a control (35) manual or motorized. - Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que les parois mobiles (31) sont aménagées pour délivrer le comburant secondaire (19), les comburants primaire (15) et secondaire (19) étant fournis par un unique ventilateur. - Heating installation according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the movable walls (31) are arranged to deliver the secondary oxidant (19), the primary (15) and secondary oxidizers (19) being provided by a single fan. - Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'il comporte, à l'extrémité de la surface plane de la grille (13), un plateau de contrôle (40) par pesée dont le basculement conduit à l'arrêt de l'installation. - Heating system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises, at the end of the flat surface of the grid (13), a control plate (40) by weighing whose tilting leads when the installation stops. - Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le système d'amenée du combustible est une vis sans fin (7) montée à l'intérieur d'un conduit droit étanche (8) et entrainée en rotation par un motoréducteur (11). - Heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel supply system is an endless screw (7) mounted inside a sealed right pipe (8) and driven in rotation by a geared motor ( 11). - Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que la vis sans fin (7) est montée de manière interchangeable à l'intérieur du conduit (8) en étant insérée ou non à l'intérieur d'un fourreau. - Heating installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the worm (7) is mounted interchangeably inside the conduit (8) being inserted or not inside a sleeve. - Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que la section transversale de la vis sans fin (7) est comprise entre ¼ et ½ de la section transversale du conduit (8). - Heating system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the cross section of the worm (7) is between ¼ and ½ of the cross section of the conduit (8). - Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le motoréducteur d'entraînement de la vis sans fin (7) assure également l'entraînement en rotation de la roue (25) assurant le déplacement des éléments de grille (21). - Heating installation according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the worm drive gear motor (7) also provides the rotational drive of the wheel (25) ensuring the displacement of the elements grate (21). - Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que la roue d'entraînement est aménagée de manière que la rotation de la roue (25) par le motoréducteur d'entraînement de la vis sans fin (7) n'entraine pas le déplacement des éléments de grille situés dans la surface de pose (S) pendant une période de temps prédéterminée. - Heating device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the drive wheel is arranged so that rotation of the wheel (25) by the worm gear motor (7) does not cause the movement of the grid elements in the laying surface (S) for a predetermined period of time. - Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un cendrier mobile (46) monté en-dessous de la grille pour récupérer les cendres de la grille (13), un système à croisillons (48) étant entrainés en rotation par le passage des éléments de grille pour entrainer les cendres vers le cendrier. - Heating system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises a movable ashtray (46) mounted below the gate to recover the ashes of the gate (13), a crossbar system ( 48) being rotated by the passage of the grid elements to drive the ashes to the ashtray. - Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce qu'il comporte un circuit de commande (44) permettant de piloter le déplacement séquentiel des éléments (21) de la grille, en fonction de l'amenée du combustible (2) sur la grille (13). - Heating system according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises a control circuit (44) for controlling the sequential movement of the elements (21) of the grid, depending on the supply of the fuel (2) on the grid (13). - Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la chambre de récupération (A) des gaz et fumées est réalisée en matériau réfractaire et comporte une tuyère verticale (50) en forme de venturi, surmontée d'un ciel de foyer (51). - Heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the recovery chamber (A) of the gases and fumes is made of refractory material and comprises a vertical nozzle (50) in the form of venturi, surmounted by a hearth sky ( 51). - Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins un échangeur de chaleur entre un circuit de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur et un circuit de circulation des gaz et fumées. - Heating system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises at least one heat exchanger between a circulation circuit of a heat transfer fluid and a flue gas circulation circuit.
EP12185427.7A 2011-09-22 2012-09-21 Heating system fired with individualised solid fuel elements Revoked EP2573462B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1158439A FR2980555B1 (en) 2011-09-22 2011-09-22 INDIVIDUALIZED ELEMENT INDIVIDUAL FUEL HEATING FACILITY

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EP2573462A1 true EP2573462A1 (en) 2013-03-27
EP2573462B1 EP2573462B1 (en) 2015-11-04

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2558052A1 (en) * 2014-07-31 2016-02-01 Josep Mª QUINTILLA GUARDIA Biomass burner and procedure to burn biomass in said burner (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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US676930A (en) * 1901-02-25 1901-06-25 Elijah Fleet Wees Ash-remover for boilers.
JPS57150338U (en) * 1981-03-17 1982-09-21
US5375540A (en) 1993-08-25 1994-12-27 Federal Energy Corporation System for burning bio-mass and synthetic solid fuel
EP1260764A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2002-11-27 Palazzetti Lelio Spa Device and method to remove impurities, ash or similar from a brazier for heaters

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FR2526922A1 (en) 1982-05-17 1983-11-18 Kuczewski De Poray Marcel SOLID FUEL BOILER OF THE RADIANT FIRE TUBE TYPE, PROCESS FOR CONVERTING A BOILER AND MEANS FOR CARRYING OUT SAME
CN2125069U (en) 1992-05-22 1992-12-16 特木热夫 Circulating grates

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US676930A (en) * 1901-02-25 1901-06-25 Elijah Fleet Wees Ash-remover for boilers.
JPS57150338U (en) * 1981-03-17 1982-09-21
US5375540A (en) 1993-08-25 1994-12-27 Federal Energy Corporation System for burning bio-mass and synthetic solid fuel
EP1260764A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2002-11-27 Palazzetti Lelio Spa Device and method to remove impurities, ash or similar from a brazier for heaters

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2558052A1 (en) * 2014-07-31 2016-02-01 Josep Mª QUINTILLA GUARDIA Biomass burner and procedure to burn biomass in said burner (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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EP2573462B1 (en) 2015-11-04
FR2980555A1 (en) 2013-03-29
FR2980555B1 (en) 2013-10-11

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