EP2573194A1 - Procédé et dispositif de traitement thermique de rails - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de traitement thermique de rails Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2573194A1
EP2573194A1 EP11839429A EP11839429A EP2573194A1 EP 2573194 A1 EP2573194 A1 EP 2573194A1 EP 11839429 A EP11839429 A EP 11839429A EP 11839429 A EP11839429 A EP 11839429A EP 2573194 A1 EP2573194 A1 EP 2573194A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
water
cooling
gas medium
temperature
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11839429A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2573194A4 (fr
EP2573194B1 (fr
Inventor
Sergey Vasilievich Khlyst
Vladimir Mikhaylovich Kuzmichenko
Sergey Mikhaylovich Sergeev
Andrey Nikolaevich Shestakov
Mikhail Nikolaevich Kirichenko
Pavel Alexandrovich Pshenichnikov
Alexey Gennadievich Ivanov
Konstantin Gennadievich Kozhevnikov
Alexey Vladimirovich Gontar
Ilya Sergeevich Khlyst
Anatoly Alexandrovich Kirichkov
Alexey Vladislavovich Kushnarev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Scientific Manufacturing Enterprise Tomsk Electronic Company Ltd
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Scientific Manufacturing Enterprise Tomsk Electronic Company Ltd
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Priority to PL11839429T priority Critical patent/PL2573194T3/pl
Publication of EP2573194A1 publication Critical patent/EP2573194A1/fr
Publication of EP2573194A4 publication Critical patent/EP2573194A4/fr
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Publication of EP2573194B1 publication Critical patent/EP2573194B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of iron metallurgy, in particular to methods for heat treating rails, including railroad tracks.
  • a method for cooling a rail is known (Patent RU 2266966 C21D9 / 04, C21D11 / 00, C21D1 / 02), which comprises passing the heated rail through a cooling section having an inlet and an outlet section, and cooling to forming the microstructure of the rail into a perlite or ferrite-perlite microstructure and characterized in that the rail is passed through a cooling section consisting of individual, independent, in the length of the cooling section successively arranged cooling modules with independently controllable cooling parameters and with intermediate regions which are arranged to receive structural stresses between the cooling modules with Means for determining the actual temperature of the rail head.
  • the parameters of the cooling intensity are controlled in an intermediate region, at least according to the following cooling module, to obtain a predetermined temperature of the rail head during the entire passage of the cooling section, which exceeds the critical temperature for the formation of a bainite structure ,
  • a disadvantage of this method is the limited range of cooling rate control in the process of cooling down. Furthermore, the temperature reduction on the surface of the rail head reaches during 4-5 s of the cooling process 350 ° C-450 ° C, which may lead to the formation of bainite structures in the microstructure of the surface layers of the rail. As a result, the particular drawback of this process is the large variations in temperature at the surface of the railhead (from 350 ° C to 100 ° C), which can lead to a nonuniform macrostructure.
  • Another disadvantage is the nonuniformity of the heat treatment along the length of the rail, because in the heat-conducting flow-through process, controlling the cooling intensity in the individual independent modules, the various sections of the rail go through different cooling cycles.
  • This method and apparatus enable a heat treatment to be carried out only on rails of alloyed or high-carbon steels (hypereutectoid steels having a carbon content of 0.9 to 1.2% by mass).
  • the major drawback of the method and apparatus is the small control interval of cooling rates which allows heat treatment of the rails at speeds up to 4.5 ° C / s, since the coolant is air, which does not heat treat carbonaceous, non-alloyed rails Steel allows, as this much higher cooling rates are required (10 ° C / s and more).
  • a further disadvantage of the device is the use of powerful drives and complex metal structures, since the heat treatment of each rail requires the construction of upper and side headers to be raised and lowered to cool the rails with the air supply duct portion.
  • Patent RU 2280700 C21 B9 / 04 Another method for heat treatment of rails is known (Patent RU 2280700 C21 B9 / 04), which comprises the continuous cooling of a rail head with controlled cooling of rail profile components, characterized in that the rail is cooled from a rolling heat to a temperature of 820-870 ° C and cooled in two ways: first at the Surface of the rail head with compressed air for a period of 20-30 s with an air volume of 3000-4000 m 3 / h at an air temperature of 10-25 ° C and a pressure of 0.55 MPa, followed by a cooling of the rail head with a Water-air mixture with a quantity of water of 25-30 l / min, a water temperature of 10-30 ° C and a pressure of 0.3-0.4 MPa, simultaneously with a cooling of the rail head is a cooling of the rail foot with the Water-air mixture at a water temperature of 10-30 ° C, in an amount of 6-7 l / min and a pressure of 0.08-
  • This method is applicable to the heat treatment of unalloyed carbonaceous (hypoeutectoid) steels but is limited to the heat treatment of hypereutectoid and alloy steels, which is its major drawback.
  • the objects of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are: the control of the cooling capacity of the gas coolant, both pulse-like and continuous, increasing the range and steplessity of the control of the cooling rate, shortening the duration of the heat treatment of the rails, the possibility of heat treatment of rails of unalloyed and alloyed steels, the achievement of a high hardness along the tread, the improvement of the plasticity and resistance properties of the heat-treated steel, the simplification of the device and the reduction of energy consumption.
  • a method for heat treatment of rails comprising a continuous cooling of a rail head with a controlled aftercooling of rail profile components, wherein the rail is cooled from a rolling heat first with compressed air and then with a water-air mixture, simultaneously with the cooling of the rail head, the cooling of a rail foot takes place, according to the invention, the cooling of the rail of carbonaceous unalloyed (hypoeutectoid, hypereutectoid) or alloyed steel from the rolling heat and / or after reheating with a temperature not less than the Austenitmaschinestemperatur, with a gas medium is performed, wherein the gas medium is an air bath with a controllable during the heat treatment humidity level and pressure, wherein the control of the cooling capacity of the agent by a quasi-continuous pulse injection of the water in the air flow after a predetermined schedule by a program.
  • control of the cooling capacity of the agent is carried out continuously according to a predetermined by a program flow.
  • the supply of the gas agent is controlled at a consumption of 10 to 60 m 3 / min by a running rail meter, whereby the consumption of the injected water is changed to 12 l / min by running rail meter.
  • the supply of the gas medium in dependence on the initial temperature of the rail, the humidity and the temperature of the outlet air and the water temperature is controlled.
  • the water content in the gas medium is up to 0.2 liters of water per cubic meter of air.
  • the pressure of the gas medium is controlled in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 MPa.
  • the cooling rate is controlled in the range of 2 to 20 ° C / s.
  • the technical result of the method for heat treatment of rails is performed by an apparatus comprising: loading, unloading and positioning means, a rail mounting fixture, a turbine compressor, a system of air ducts and manifolds with nozzle openings for conveying coolant to the rail profile components, positioning means for air ducts and collectors with nozzle openings, a coolant control system and a temperature monitoring system, characterized in that the loading, unloading and positioning, the rail mounting support with a possibility of arranging the rail in the "head down" position are executed, in addition a system is provided for quasi-continuous pulse injection of the water into the gas stream, comprising: a water tank, a water pipe system, water flow and pressure regulators, control valves valves, controlled control valves, impulse injectors, and a control system enabling the quasi-continuous impulse injection of the water according to a program predetermined procedure.
  • the water injection is carried out continuously according to a predetermined by a program sequence.
  • the consumption and the pressure of the gas refrigerant and the injected water are regulated according to a predetermined by a program flow.
  • control system determines the rail temperature, the temperature and the humidity of the original gas, and the water temperature, and the cooling down process is corrected based on the obtained data.
  • the device is equipped with displacement mechanisms for moving the rails and / or the collector with respect to the vertical and / or the horizontal axis.
  • rails with different profiles are cooled by varying the distance from rail profile components to nozzle openings.
  • control system monitors the pressure and the consumption of the gas medium and determines the operating mode of the turbine compressor.
  • the temperature of the surface of the rail head steplessly lowered to the minimum resistance temperature of austenite in a perlite transformation, this duration does not exceed the length of the incubation time.
  • the cooling rate required to form a finely dispersed perlite structure in the surface layer is set, and a cooling rate is set at which the formation of a finely dispersed perlite structure corresponding to the progress of pearlite transformation in the depth of the rail head is enabled.
  • the cooling is carried out in the heat treatment process by the gas refrigerant with the controllable cooling capacity.
  • the cooling capacity of the gas medium is controlled, whereby the predetermined cooling rate of the rail is achieved.
  • the water injection is carried out in a pulse-like, quasi-continuous sequence with change of the pulse length of 20 to 10000 ms and more and with a pulse ratio of 1 to 10,000.
  • FIG. 1 An example of an injector control diagram is in Fig. 1 shown.
  • the pulse-like water supply and the fast air outlet in the device produce a uniform gas coolant with controllable cooling power, which allows a change in the cooling rate of the rail in the range of 2 to 20 ° C / s.
  • the temperature of the injected water can be changed in the range of 10 to 45 ° C.
  • the temperature of the outlet air can be changed in the range of minus 30 ° C to plus 50 ° C and the humidity in the range of 40 to 100%.
  • a minimum moisture content of 10 g / m 3 at 1 pulse of 50 ms, 0.008 g / m 3 of water is added, ie less than 0.1%.
  • a maximum moisture content of 200 g / m 3 with 1 pulse of 1000 ms, 3.33 g of water is added, ie less than 1.7%.
  • Table 1 shows the experimentally obtained data on the dependence of the cooling rate of the rail head on the pressure of the gas medium.
  • Table 1 Data on the dependence of the cooling rate of the rail head on the pressure of the gas medium Coolant / pressure in the collectors gas resources Pressure 0.005 MPa Pressure 0.015 MPa Pressure 0.025 MPa Pressure 0.04 MPa Pressure 0.05 MPa Pressure 0.1 MPa Initial cooling rate, ° C / s 2.0 4.34 4.55 4.82 4.91 4.99
  • the pressure of the gas refrigerant is determined according to the chemical composition of the rail steel in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 MPa.
  • the lower portion of the cooling rate of 2 ° C / s is achieved by the supply of the gas medium with a pressure of 0.005 MPa without injection of water.
  • Table 2 shows the experimentally obtained data on the dependence of the cooling rate of the rail head on the air consumption and the injected water quantity.
  • Table 2 Dependence of the cooling rate on the gas medium pressure and the injected water quantity Gas medium pressure, MPa 0.005 0,015 0,025 0.04 0.05 0.1 Gas consumption, m 3 / min to 1 Ifd. Schienenm. 8th 20.0 35.0 45.0 50.0 60.0 Water consumption, I / min to 1 l.
  • Cooling rate ° C / s 2 4.5 to 10.0 4.7 to 15.0 4.9 to 17.0 5.6 to 18.0 6.0 to 20.0
  • Rails from a rolling heat or reheating are cooled by differentiated supply of the gas medium to various rail profile components up to an austenitizing temperature: on the running surface of the rail head, the side surfaces of the rail head and the rail foot.
  • the heat treatment operations are set on the basis of the experimental data according to the chemical composition of the rail steel, the required physical-mechanical properties, the initial temperature of the rail before cooling, the temperature and the humidity of the starting gas medium and the water temperature by a program.
  • the cooling is carried out to a temperature of 150 to 500 ° C, depending on the chemical composition of the rail steel.
  • the positioning means 6 of the lower collector and the lateral collector regulate the distance from the surface of the rail head to the collectors.
  • the air entering the gas compression system passes through a filter system 15 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) and an air preparation system 14 for preventing the influence of seasonal fluctuations in the temperature of the output air.
  • the air from the turbine compressor 5 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) is supplied through the pressure reducing valve 6 and the control valves 8 in the collector 2, 3, 4.
  • the control system 12 regulates the pressure and the consumption of the gas medium with the aid of the valves 6 and 8.
  • Water from the container 11 or from any other source is directed by means of the water supply device 10 through the control valves 8 to the injectors 9.
  • the cooling capacity of the gas medium is changed.
  • the control system 12 automatically gives the operating mode of the valves 8 so that the injectors 9 in pulse-like quasi-continuous and / or continuous operation, whereby the change in the cooling capacity of the gas medium is infinitely variable.
  • the control system 12 ( Fig. 2 ) controls the heat treatment of the rail after correction of the process according to the monitored parameters 1-8 (FIG. Fig. 3 ).
  • the removal device 3 moves the rail on the discharge pass 8.
  • each cured sample was subjected to laboratory tests.
  • the study examined the hardness, the microstructure and the physical-mechanical properties of the rail.
  • Table 1 shows the experimental data on the dependence of the cooling rate of the rail on the pressure of the gas medium.
  • Table 2 shows the experimental data on the dependence of the cooling rate of the rail on the air pressure and the injected water quantity.
  • Table 4 Technical heat treatment parameters of the samples of steel R65 rails with the chemical composition no. 1 from Table 3 and the results of the physical-mechanical experiments and investigations of the microstructure Ser. No. Gas medium pressure, MPa Gas consumption, m 3 / min to 1 running rail. Water consumption, l / min to 1 running rail. Cooling rate, ° C / s Cooling time, s Microstructure d. hardened rail head Hardness d.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to carry out a heat treatment of rails of both alloyed and unalloyed (carbon-containing hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid) steels at different predetermined cooling sequences.
  • the method and apparatus for heat treatment of rails enable the achievement of a structure of fine-grained hardened sorbitol at a great depth, the improvement of the physical-mechanical properties of the steel and thereby an increase in the resistance of the rails during operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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EP11839429.5A 2010-11-11 2011-10-21 Procédé et dispositif de traitement thermique de rails Active EP2573194B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11839429T PL2573194T3 (pl) 2010-11-11 2011-10-21 Sposób i urządzenie do obróbki cieplnej szyn

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2010145748/02A RU2456352C1 (ru) 2010-11-11 2010-11-11 Способ и устройство термической обработки рельсов
PCT/RU2011/000819 WO2012064223A1 (fr) 2010-11-11 2011-10-21 Procédé et dispositif de traitement thermique de rails

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2573194A1 true EP2573194A1 (fr) 2013-03-27
EP2573194A4 EP2573194A4 (fr) 2014-12-03
EP2573194B1 EP2573194B1 (fr) 2017-04-26

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Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP2573194B1 (fr)
EA (1) EA022297B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2627814T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2573194T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2456352C1 (fr)
UA (1) UA104835C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012064223A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3095881A4 (fr) * 2014-01-13 2017-09-13 Scientific And Manufacturing Enterprise "Tomsk Electronic Company" Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de traitement thermique d'article en acier
WO2018024408A1 (fr) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de traitement thermique
CN110402292A (zh) * 2017-03-15 2019-11-01 杰富意钢铁株式会社 钢轨的冷却装置及制造方法
CN112877531A (zh) * 2021-01-12 2021-06-01 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 一种提高在线热处理钢轨淬火后平直度的生产控制方法

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RU2518207C1 (ru) * 2012-11-23 2014-06-10 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" Способ термической обработки рельсов
EP2987872B1 (fr) 2013-04-17 2018-07-18 Scientific And Manufacturing Enterprise "Tomsk Electronic Company" Ltd. Dispositif de traitement thermique de rails
CN104561496B (zh) * 2014-12-25 2017-01-18 内蒙古科技大学 一种钢轨热处理用汽雾冷却实验装置
CN108559825A (zh) * 2018-02-02 2018-09-21 考迈托（佛山）挤压科技股份有限公司 一种卧式铝型材固溶淬火炉
RU2702524C1 (ru) * 2018-12-05 2019-10-08 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Удмуртский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук Способ закалки металлических изделий при термомеханической обработке
CN112375877B (zh) * 2020-11-26 2022-05-27 辽宁科技大学 一种百米钢轨循环连续整体喷风淬火实验装置
CN113355499B (zh) * 2021-06-10 2021-12-17 久安特材科技(南通)有限公司 一种用于特种钢材的风冷快速回火装置

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JPS6289818A (ja) * 1985-10-14 1987-04-24 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> レ−ルの熱処理方法
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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3095881A4 (fr) * 2014-01-13 2017-09-13 Scientific And Manufacturing Enterprise "Tomsk Electronic Company" Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de traitement thermique d'article en acier
WO2018024408A1 (fr) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de traitement thermique
CN110402292A (zh) * 2017-03-15 2019-11-01 杰富意钢铁株式会社 钢轨的冷却装置及制造方法
EP3597780A4 (fr) * 2017-03-15 2020-01-22 JFE Steel Corporation Dispositif de refroidissement et procédé de fabrication d'un rail
US11453929B2 (en) 2017-03-15 2022-09-27 Jfe Steel Corporation Cooling device and production method for rail
CN112877531A (zh) * 2021-01-12 2021-06-01 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 一种提高在线热处理钢轨淬火后平直度的生产控制方法
CN112877531B (zh) * 2021-01-12 2023-01-24 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 一种提高在线热处理钢轨淬火后平直度的生产控制方法

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ES2627814T3 (es) 2017-07-31
EA201300204A1 (ru) 2013-06-28
EP2573194A4 (fr) 2014-12-03
EP2573194B1 (fr) 2017-04-26
EA022297B1 (ru) 2015-12-30
RU2456352C1 (ru) 2012-07-20
PL2573194T3 (pl) 2017-10-31
WO2012064223A1 (fr) 2012-05-18
UA104835C2 (ru) 2014-03-11
RU2010145748A (ru) 2012-05-20

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