EP2571669A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von kunststoffmaterialien - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von kunststoffmaterialien

Info

Publication number
EP2571669A1
EP2571669A1 EP11730033A EP11730033A EP2571669A1 EP 2571669 A1 EP2571669 A1 EP 2571669A1 EP 11730033 A EP11730033 A EP 11730033A EP 11730033 A EP11730033 A EP 11730033A EP 2571669 A1 EP2571669 A1 EP 2571669A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
feed
extruder
plastic
screw
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11730033A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tuomo Takku
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Uponor Infra Oy
Original Assignee
KWH Pipe Oy AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KWH Pipe Oy AB filed Critical KWH Pipe Oy AB
Publication of EP2571669A1 publication Critical patent/EP2571669A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/361—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die with the barrel or with a part thereof rotating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/67—Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/362—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using static mixing devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/445—Coaxially arranged screws, i.e. one within the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/501—Extruder feed section

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method, according to the preamble of Claim 1, of processing plastics.
  • plastic raw material is fed to the feed zone of a single-screw extruder, from where it is transferred to a compression zone where it is melted, after which it is led through a dosing zone to a tool in which a plastic product is formed from it.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus, according to the preamble of Claim 6, for processing molten plastic.
  • thermoplastic refers principally to thermoplastics, which can be repeatedly melted and shaped with the aid of heat and pressure.
  • Typical thermoplastics are polyolefins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, as well as polyamide, polyacetal, and poly(ethylene terephthalate). These polymers are partly crystalline.
  • Amorphous thermoplastics are, for example, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene, poly( vinyl chloride), polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate).
  • Plastics can be processed using different molten processing methods, such as extrusion, injection moulding, and blow moulding.
  • the present invention relates primarily to extrusion.
  • the plastic raw material typically in the form of plastic pellets, i.e. nurdles
  • a feed hopper to a heated cylinder, at the start of which is a feed zone.
  • the task of the feed zone is to use an internally rotating screw to move the plastic to the tool at the other end, which, through the joint effect of the pressure it creates, the heat of the cylinder, and the power transmitted by the motor to the screw, causes the plastic to melt and homogenize.
  • the molten plastic obtained from the pressure or compression zone is fed through the dosing zone to the tool.
  • the device in which there is a single feed screw, is referred to as a single-screw extruder.
  • US Patent Specification No. 3 300 811 and EP Published Patent Application No. 71159 can be referred to as examples of publications according to the background art.
  • the screw In the feed zone, the screw is generally manufactured in such a way that is has a single helix, which has a rise of about 1-...0.8-times the size of the screw's diameter. Its depth varies between 6 and 10 mm, according to the size and purpose of the extruder.
  • nurdles are fed to the screw from an overhead opening about the width of the cylinder's diameter, if the cylinder has deep grooving and effective cooling, a solidly compressed plug forms from the plastic material, which cannot rotate along with the screw, but which is propelled by the ridge of the screw.
  • this plug does not always form evenly around the screw's entire circumference, but only on one side, which causes uneven wear of the screw and cylinder and a large bending force against the screw. This is because all the evenly-spaced grooves in the feed sleeve cannot be utilized, but only some of the grooves participate in the work.
  • extruders with a smooth feed zone have traditionally been used, which generally operate in such a way that the revolution output varies according to the screw's rotation speed and to the counter-pressure caused by the tool.
  • the extruder often
  • the present invention is intended to eliminate at least some of the problems relating to the prior art and to create a new type of solution for processing plastic in an extruder.
  • the invention is based on the idea that a feed device, which comprises an essentially cylindrical (more precisely, one with an annular cross-section) channel, delimited by an internal shaft and an external cylindrical surface, is arranged in the extruder at the location of the feed opening (such as a feed funnel).
  • a feed device which comprises an essentially cylindrical (more precisely, one with an annular cross-section) channel, delimited by an internal shaft and an external cylindrical surface, is arranged in the extruder at the location of the feed opening (such as a feed funnel).
  • the feed device is arranged to feed the flow of nurdles to the normal feed zone of the extruder.
  • the mutual position of the guides in the external cylindrical surface and the feed opening can be altered, in order to regulate the flow created by the guides in the cylindrical surface.
  • the extruder according to the invention comprises an elongated body, inside which is a channel bounded by an internal cylindrical surface, connected at one end to the plastic raw- material feed opening and at the other end to a tool used to process plastic.
  • a rotatable shaft is arranged inside the cylindrical surface, with a central axis that is at least roughly concentric with the central axis of the cylindrical surface. Between them, the cylindrical surface and the extruder's screw delimit a channel with an annular cross-section, which acts as the extruder's feed, compression, and dosing channel, through which a molten plastic mass can be fed to the tool.
  • first feed zone (hereinafter, also an “additional feed zone”), which comprises a grooved portion of the extruder screw, around which a cylindrical sleeve is arranged, which is equipped with at least one guide, so that the grooved portion in question and the cylindrical sleeve surrounding it form a channel with an essentially annular cross- section.
  • the sleeve can be moved around the shaft or axially, when an even and adjustable raw-material flow is obtained from the plastic raw material being fed to the first feed zone. More specifically, the method according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of Claim 1.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of Claim 6.
  • an additional feed zone is formed in the screw and feed sleeve, with the aid of which an even and adjustable raw-material flow can be produced.
  • a single-screw extruder's melting power and the properties of the molten plastic are set by the geometry of the screw's feed zone. These define the screw's revolution output, which has a great effect on the molten plastic's temperature. The melt temperature often determines the production line's output. These properties can be dimensioned to suit each raw material.
  • the edge of the feed sleeve, or the guides or ridges (typically internal) arranged in it transport the nurdles forward in an even flow, when desired volume of pre- pressurized nurdles moves to the next part of the extruder, which is, for example, the grooved feed zone of a traditional high-power extruder.
  • the screw, together with the grooved feed zone then transports the material through the screw, melts it and presses it through the tool to form a plastic product. Thanks to the new extruder's integrated feed device, a plug using all the grooves evenly and extending around the screw is formed from the plastic.
  • Figure 1 presents a partial cross-section of one embodiment of the extruder according to the invention
  • Figure 2 presents a cross-section of the grooved portion 6 of the screw
  • Figure 3 presents the cylindrical portion of the sleeve, when spread open.
  • the plastic raw material usually plastic pellets or nurdles
  • the feed device then forms an additional feed zone in the extruder.
  • additional feed zone refers to a zone that is arranged before the actual, i.e. traditional, feed zone. In the additional feed zone, an even flow of nurdles is created, in the traditional feed zone, the plastic is melted and homogenized through the combined effect of the pressure, the heat of the cylinder, and the power transmitted by the motor to the screw.
  • the surface of the feed device receiving the raw material mainly comprises the shaft of the extruder, in which grooves have been formed.
  • This grooved portion of the shaft is surrounded by a generally cylindrical sleeve, thus forming an annular feed channel between the grooved feed surface and the inner surface of the sleeve surrounding it.
  • the edge in question will also be referred to as the front edge.
  • the sleeve can be moved, i.e. its position can be adjusted, to regulate the raw-material flow being led to the extruder's traditional feed zone.
  • the sleeve can be rotated around its own longitudinal axis. Alternatively, it can be moved axially.
  • the sleeve is moved with the aid of an operating element.
  • the position of the sleeve can be changed while feeding plastic raw material.
  • the position of the sleeve is typically arranged to be fixed, once an even plastic raw-material feed flow has been created.
  • the sleeve has two principal tasks: firstly, it can be used to restrict the free feed opening, i.e. part of the feed opening can be covered on the external surface of the sleeve, to limit the plastic raw material flow flowing from the feed opening.
  • 0 - 95 %, especially 0 - 75 %, most suitably 0 - 70 %, and particularly 0 - 50 % of the feed opening (calculated from the feed opening's perpendicular section at the shaft) can be covered using the sleeve's external jacket surface.
  • the sleeve is arranged primarily on the motor side of the shaft, so as to create a portion of the feed opening to be left free on the extruder's tool side.
  • the sleeve's second task is, with the aid of the shaft's grooves, to create a pressurized plastic raw material/nurdle flow. For this reason, there is at least one pushing edge or similar guide or ridge in the sleeve.
  • the moveable feed sleeve has one or more ridges, which run helically around the feed sleeve's external surface.
  • the rise of the ridge is at least 45° and its helix is preferably in the opposite direction to the rise of the extruder screw's ridges.
  • the example described below is of a generally cylindrical sleeve, in which the tool-side edge (i.e. the front edge) is cut at a slant, so that this edge will act as a guide pushing the plastic raw material during feeding.
  • the tool-side edge i.e. the front edge
  • the number of grooves/guides in the screw is equal to or even greater than the number of guides in the cylindrical surface.
  • the additional feed zone is kept at a lower temperature than the actual feed zone, so that the melting of the plastic raw material takes place essentially only after the additional feed zone.
  • Figure 1 shows a single-screw extruder, with its feed zones, intended for melting plastic (but without the tool used to shape the plastic melt).
  • the extruder is given the reference number 1. It generally comprises a screw 4 and an external jacket 7 surrounding the screw 4, when the jacket is attached to a gearbox 3, which rotates the screw from the grooved shaft 5.
  • the plastic material coming from the feed hopper 2 fixed to the jacket flows into the grooved part 6 of the rotating screw, which takes the material with it, when the edge of the sleeve 9 moves the plastic forwards to the jacket's grooved portion 8. More specifically, in the embodiment according to the figure the screw's straight ridges push the plastic granulate towards the circumference and the rising surface of the adjustable sleeve for its part guides the granules parallel to the shaft of the screw, thus forcing the granules to travel to the helical portion of the cylinder and screw.
  • the screw 4 carries the material forwards in a known manner right up to and through the tool to become the desired plastic product.
  • the sleeve 9 can be rotated around its longitudinal axis by a worm 10, either manually or by a motor, thus adjusting the flow of material.
  • the jacket is equipped with a cooling channel 11.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section at point 6 of the grooved screw 2 while Figure 3 shows the cylindrical part of the sleeve 9.
  • Figure 2 shows the ridges 6 forming the grooved portion, and the grooves 6'.
  • a sleeve with a slanting front edge is created from the plate 9 shown in Figure 3 by attaching the edge on the left of the figure to the right-hand edge, in such a way that the axis marked by the broken line in the figure forms the central axis of the joined cylinder.
  • the sleeve can be rotated around its axis.
  • the outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve covers part of the feed opening.
  • the sleeve's cylindrical surface is about half-way, i.e. 50 % of the feed opening is closed.
  • the adjustable sleeve is then in the "central position".
  • the grooves in the screw can be either axial or helical and their shape can vary considerably.
  • the pushing edge of the sleeve can replaced with different numbers of grooves or ridges of different shapes, either machined directly into the jacket or formed in an auxiliary part or parts.
  • the adjustment of the sleeve i.e. the delimitation of the effective area of the pushing edge, can also be made by moving the sleeve axially or by using various types of shut-off components to prevent the material flow from meeting the pushing edge.
EP11730033A 2010-05-18 2011-05-18 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von kunststoffmaterialien Withdrawn EP2571669A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20105538A FI20105538A (fi) 2010-05-18 2010-05-18 Menetelmä ja laite muovin työstämiseksi
PCT/FI2011/050454 WO2011144814A1 (en) 2010-05-18 2011-05-18 Method and apparatus for processing plastic materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2571669A1 true EP2571669A1 (de) 2013-03-27

Family

ID=42234321

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11730033A Withdrawn EP2571669A1 (de) 2010-05-18 2011-05-18 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verarbeitung von kunststoffmaterialien

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2571669A1 (de)
EA (1) EA201291062A1 (de)
FI (1) FI20105538A (de)
WO (1) WO2011144814A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2520769B (en) 2013-12-02 2016-03-09 Subsea 7 Ltd Techniques for coating pipeline field joints

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE526263A (de) * 1953-04-11 1900-01-01
FR1414025A (fr) 1964-09-03 1965-10-15 Loire Atel Forges Perfectionnements aux machines à extruder
US3452965A (en) * 1963-11-23 1969-07-01 Bayer Ag Mixing apparatus having concentric worm members
US3863905A (en) * 1972-04-10 1975-02-04 Bryce Maxwell Apparatus and method for processing plastic material
EP0071159A1 (de) 1981-07-31 1983-02-09 Windmöller & Hölscher Trichterstück einer Einschneckenstrangpresse
GB9511511D0 (en) * 1995-06-07 1995-08-02 Trim Masters Int Ltd Polymer processing apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011144814A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20105538A (fi) 2011-11-19
EA201291062A1 (ru) 2013-04-30
WO2011144814A1 (en) 2011-11-24
FI20105538A0 (fi) 2010-05-18

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