EP2567764B1 - Production d'alliage maître pour alliages d'aluminium vitreux - Google Patents

Production d'alliage maître pour alliages d'aluminium vitreux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2567764B1
EP2567764B1 EP12165809.0A EP12165809A EP2567764B1 EP 2567764 B1 EP2567764 B1 EP 2567764B1 EP 12165809 A EP12165809 A EP 12165809A EP 2567764 B1 EP2567764 B1 EP 2567764B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crucible
alloy
flow
outlet
mold
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EP12165809.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2567764A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas J. Watson
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RTX Corp
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United Technologies Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/08—Amorphous alloys with aluminium as the major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles

Definitions

  • Aluminum alloys are important in many industries. Glassy Al-based alloys and their devitrified derivatives are currently being considered for applications in the aerospace industry. These alloys involve the addition of rare earth and transition metal elements. These alloys have high strength and, when processed appropriately, have high ductility.
  • Al-based alloys When Al-based alloys are produced in large quantities, they are often direct chill cast into molds that drop into well-like openings in the ground.
  • reactive materials such as Al-Li-X alloys
  • care must be exercised to preclude or prevent reaction of the Li with any oxidant such as air or water.
  • oxidant such as air or water.
  • more reactive elements such as Yttrium and other rare earths, even more care is needed because exposure to water that is used to cool direct chill molds could result in fire and/or an explosion.
  • Al-based alloys such as Al-Y-Ni-Co alloys are devitrified glass-forming aluminum alloys that derive their strength from a nanometer-sized grain structure and nanometer-sized intermetallic phase or phases.
  • the presence of hydrogen destroys the ductility of these alloys. Consequently, it is necessary to produce master alloys with hydrogen contents of 1 ppm or less. Examples of such alloys are disclosed in co-owned U.S. Patents No, 6,974,510 and 7,413,621 .
  • master alloy for devitrified glass-forming Al-based alloys can be produced in a process that avoids hydrogen pickup.
  • the molten metal is isolated from the environment to a substantial degree.
  • the process includes the use of a bottom-pour or side-pour crucible that is "covered” with an inert gas such as argon.
  • the gas cover includes a physical cover on the top of the crucible into which argon or another inert gas such as nitrogen is bled into the crucible to form a positive pressure. The heavier argon forces out any air to minimize exposure of the melt to air.
  • the metal is poured out from the side or bottom of the crucible, rather than tipping to pour out the top. It is poured into a launder or pipe that is sealed and attached to the crucible, and is also filled with an inert gas such as argon.
  • the molten metal flows through a launder or launder/tundish combination and is deposited directly into molds, which are also filled with inert gas such as argon.
  • the present invention provides apparatus for forming aluminum alloy ingots, comprising: a sealed chamber having a source of inert gas; a crucible positioned inside the chamber for melting aluminum alloy input stock including, but not limited to, chips, shot, rod, bar, etc., the sealed chamber having a solid top and a source of inert gas therein adapted to drive out other atmosphere; an outlet in the crucible positioned to draw molten alloy from the crucible at a point proximate the lowest point in the crucible; and a tundish adapted to control the flow of molten alloy from the crucible on a path to at least one ingot mold while maintaining an inert atmosphere during the flow of alloy to the mold and out of the sealed chamber.
  • the present invention provides a method of forming aluminum alloy ingots, comprising the steps of: melting aluminum alloy feed stock in a crucible having an inert atmosphere; drawing molten alloy from the crucible at a point below the inert atmosphere; and maintaining an inert atmosphere during the flow of alloy from the crucible to a mold.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a bottom pour furnace 10 generally with a vertical feed.
  • the entire furnace is inside an inert chamber 11, having a solid top 17, with gas feed 13 introducing argon or another inert gas such as nitrogen. It is more effective if the inert gas is heavier than air, as argon is, to more easily push out any air that is initially present in chamber 11.
  • a top-feed crucible 15 is located inside chamber 11. Inside crucible 15 is a quantity of aluminum and various alloy elements in the form of chips, shot, rod, etc. that is to be made into master alloy ingots.
  • the aluminum alloy can be any alloy but it has been discovered that the glassy devitrified alloys such as those disclosed in co-owned U.S. Patents No, 6,974,510 and 7,413,621 , can be formed into low oxygen and low hydrogen master alloy ingots using the method of this invention.
  • the alloy in crucible 15 is purged with argon or another inert gas to drive out oxygen and any other reactive gas. Hydrogen from moisture is also driven out.
  • Crucible 15 may be any low moisture/low volatiles alumina crucible, such as those produced by St. Gobain, or a graphite crucible with a spall-free alumina coating.
  • Typical crucibles are ceramic cylinders that are about two feet in diameter and about three feet deep.
  • the alloy is melted in crucible 15 and exits the bottom of crucible through launder 19, so that the flow of molten alloy is controlled by position-control door 21.
  • Launder may not be needed in some designs of crucible 15. With or without launder 19, the passage out of crucible 15 is also accomplished in an inert atmosphere via inert gas feed 23.
  • Tundish 25 is a funnel-shaped vessel into which the molten metal is poured.
  • the purpose of a tundish is to allow the molten metal to reach a desired height (with a desired head pressure) so that there is a constant pour rate. It has been discovered that a slower rate precluded bubbles from forming in the melt. The height can be adjusted so there is no splashing of the metal into the molds.
  • Flowing molten alloy 27 pours into waffle ingot molds 29 carried by conveyor belt 31, also in an inert atmosphere.
  • Allowing the molten alloy to drain down from the bottom of crucible 15 eliminates a major problem in prior art furnaces, in that the dross that accumulates on the top of the molten pool of alloy remains at the top and does not have to be removed until crucible 15 is cleaned prior to recharging with more alloy. Also, the dew point can be monitored, further preventing undesirable gas from contacting the sensitive elements of the alloy, thus preserving the low hydrogen/oxygen content of the master alloy.
  • a hygrometer with a computer can be used for measuring the amount of moisture, and therefore hydrogen, in the gases both at the source for 13 and 23, and within chamber 11 as a function of time. Best results are obtained when the dew point is -110 °F (-78.9 °C) or lower.
  • a commercially available monitor such as an ALSCAN may be connected to a computer so that hydrogen readings in the melt may also be taken in real time. Similar readings in the launder can be used to monitor hydrogen there as well, which is to be as low as possible, i.e., less than 1 ppm.
  • a bottom pour furnace 100 generally is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a first inert chamber 111 having a solid top 117, is maintained in an inert state via inert gas feed 113.
  • Crucible 115 is filled or purged with an inert gas to drive out all reactive gasses, including hydrogen via the gas from 113.
  • a launder 119 angled downward, is maintained with an inert atmosphere by a plurality of inert gas feeds 123 downstream of metal flow control door 121.
  • Launder 119 has a typical cross section as shown in FIG. 3 , with a steel or other hard casing 141, a ceramic mold or center passage 143 and the opening 145 through which the molten alloy flows.
  • Tundish 125 controls the pour rate and pour height of molten alloy into waffle ingot molds 129 that are carried by conveyor belt 131.
  • inert gas is maintained in second inert chamber 211 by inert gas feed 213.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of the method of this invention.
  • Aluminum and the required elements in the form of chips, shot, rod, etc. (Step 311) are selected and placed in an enclosed crucible having an inert atmosphere (Step 313) with a positive pressure to drive out other gasses.
  • the input stock is melted (Step 315) to form a molten alloy.
  • the molten alloy is transferred (Step 317) to a mold while maintaining an inert atmosphere at least until the ingot is solidified.
  • the ingot is then removed (Step 319) and available for subsequent processing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Appareil (10, 100) de formation de lingots en alliage d'aluminium, comprenant :
    une chambre hermétique (11 ; 111) ayant une source (13 ; 113) de gaz inerte ;
    un creuset (15 ; 115) positionné à l'intérieur de la chambre pour fondre la matière de base en alliage d'aluminium, la chambre hermétique ayant un dessus plein (17 ; 117) et une source de gaz inerte à l'intérieur adaptée pour chasser une autre atmosphère ;
    un refoulement dans le creuset positionné pour démouler l'alliage fondu du creuset en un point à proximité du point le plus bas dans le creuset ; et
    un panier de coulée (25 ; 125) adapté pour réguler l'écoulement d'alliage fondu du creuset sur un chemin à au moins une lingotière (29 ; 129) tout en maintenant une atmosphère inerte pendant l'écoulement d'alliage jusqu'à la lingotière et hors de la chambre hermétique.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le refoulement sur le creuset (15) est positionné pour écouler l'alliage hors du fond du creuset.
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le refoulement sur le creuset (115) est positionné pour écouler l'alliage hors du côté inférieur du creuset.
  4. Appareil selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel le refoulement comprend un chenal de coulée (19 ; 119) présentant une section cylindrique permettant de transférer l'alliage fondu du creuset (15 ; 115) au panier de coulée (25 ; 125).
  5. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le gaz inerte est l'argon.
  6. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'alliage est un alliage d'aluminium formant du verre dévitrifié ayant une structure de grain nanométrique et une phase ou des phases intermétalliques nanométriques.
  7. Procédé de formation de lingots en alliage d'aluminium, comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    fondre une matière première en alliage d'aluminium dans un creuset (15 ; 115) ayant une atmosphère inerte ;
    démouler l'alliage fondu du creuset en un point en dessous de l'atmosphère inerte ; et
    maintenir une atmosphère inerte pendant l'écoulement de l'alliage du creuset à une lingotière (29 ; 129).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le refoulement du creuset (15) est à proximité du fond du creuset.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le refoulement du creuset (115) est positionné pour écouler l'alliage hors du côté inférieur du creuset.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 7, 8 ou 9, dans lequel le transfert d'alliage fondu du creuset (15 ; 115) à la lingotière (29 ; 129) est réalisé avec un chenal de coulée présentant une section cylindrique ou autre.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, dans lequel le gaz inerte est l'argon.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, dans lequel l'alliage est un alliage d'aluminium formant du verre dévitrifié ayant une structure de grain nanométrique et une phase ou des phases intermétalliques nanométriques.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, dans lequel le creuset (15 ; 115) est positionné à l'intérieur d'une chambre (11 ; 111) ayant une atmosphère inerte à une pression suffisante pour chasser l'atmosphère ambiante, le creuset fondant la matière première en un alliage fondu ;
    dans lequel l'alliage fondu est retiré du creuset à travers un refoulement en un point à proximité du point le plus bas du creuset ;
    le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    réguler l'écoulement d'alliage fondu du creuset à la lingotière (29 ; 129), l'écoulement étant régulé avec un panier de coulée (25 ; 125) ; et retirer la lingotière de l'atmosphère inerte.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 13, qui comprend en outre l'étape consistant à maintenir le point de rosée dans le creuset (15 ; 115) entre -37,2 °C (-35 °F) et -78,9 °C (-110 °F) ou moins.
EP12165809.0A 2011-06-27 2012-04-26 Production d'alliage maître pour alliages d'aluminium vitreux Active EP2567764B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US13/169,202 US20120328470A1 (en) 2011-06-27 2011-06-27 Master alloy production for glassy aluminum-based alloys

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EP2567764A1 EP2567764A1 (fr) 2013-03-13
EP2567764B1 true EP2567764B1 (fr) 2014-01-01

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CN103162539B (zh) * 2013-03-27 2015-07-15 湖南巴陵炉窑节能股份有限公司 一种电工圆铝杆制备过程中铝液转注的方法
EP3019638B1 (fr) 2013-07-10 2020-03-18 United Technologies Corporation Alliage d'aluminium et procédé de fabrication
US11123791B2 (en) 2017-10-16 2021-09-21 General Electric Company Method for casting a mold
US11123790B2 (en) 2017-10-16 2021-09-21 General Electric Company Apparatus for casting a mold
CN108296457B (zh) * 2018-04-13 2019-09-03 无锡隆达金属材料有限公司 提高合金铸件成材率的组合熔炼设备及其应用
CN109097596B (zh) * 2018-10-19 2021-05-25 佛山市南海创利有色金属制品有限公司 一种金属熔铸用铝液转注方法
CN112442616A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-05 天津大学 一种高硬度铝基纳米晶合金及其制备方法
CN111663058B (zh) * 2020-06-28 2021-06-01 沈阳航空航天大学 用作铝合金合金添加剂的Fe-Al合金及其制法和应用

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3467167A (en) * 1966-09-19 1969-09-16 Kaiser Ind Corp Process for continuously casting oxidizable metals
US4688621A (en) * 1984-03-28 1987-08-25 Falih Darmara Method and apparatus for casting rapidly solidified ingots
US4832105A (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-05-23 The Interlake Corporation Investment casting method and apparatus, and cast article produced thereby
US5346184A (en) * 1993-05-18 1994-09-13 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Method and apparatus for rapidly solidified ingot production
US6974510B2 (en) * 2003-02-28 2005-12-13 United Technologies Corporation Aluminum base alloys

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EP2567764A1 (fr) 2013-03-13
US20140076463A1 (en) 2014-03-20

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