EP2567151A2 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur

Info

Publication number
EP2567151A2
EP2567151A2 EP11714517A EP11714517A EP2567151A2 EP 2567151 A2 EP2567151 A2 EP 2567151A2 EP 11714517 A EP11714517 A EP 11714517A EP 11714517 A EP11714517 A EP 11714517A EP 2567151 A2 EP2567151 A2 EP 2567151A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
medium
temperature
evaporator heating
steam generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11714517A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2567151B1 (fr
Inventor
Jan BRÜCKNER
Joachim Brodesser
Martin Effert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL11714517T priority Critical patent/PL2567151T3/pl
Publication of EP2567151A2 publication Critical patent/EP2567151A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2567151B1 publication Critical patent/EP2567151B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/10—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D5/00—Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators
    • F22D5/26—Automatic feed-control systems
    • F22D5/36—Automatic feed-control systems for feeding a number of steam boilers designed for different ranges of temperature and pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a steam generator
  • a steam generator with a combustion chamber with a plurality of Strömungsmedium side connected in parallel Verdampferlik- surfaces. It further relates to such a steam generator.
  • a steam generator is a closed, heated vessel or pressure tube system designed to provide high pressure, high temperature steam for heating and service purposes
  • water tube boiler In which the flow medium - usually water - is located in steam generator tubes.
  • Water-tube boilers are also used in solid-fuel combustion since the combustion chamber in which the heat is generated by combustion of the respective raw material can be designed as desired by the arrangement of pipe walls.
  • Such a steam generator in the design of a water tube boiler thus comprises a combustion chamber, the surrounding wall is at least partially formed of tube walls, ie gas-tight ver ⁇ welded steam generator tubes.
  • these steam generator tubes On the flow medium side, these steam generator tubes, as evaporator heating surfaces, first form an evaporator, into which the unevaporated medium is introduced and evaporated.
  • the evaporator is usually arranged in the hottest region of the combustion chamber. He is downstream of the flow medium side, where appropriate, a direction Ein ⁇ for separating water and steam and a superheater downstream, in which the steam is further heated beyond its evaporation ⁇ temperature, to be used in a following heat engine such. B. at the relaxation in one
  • Ver ⁇ steam can flow medium side, a preheater (so-called economizers) may be connected upstream of the feed water un- ter utilization of waste or residual heat preheats and so just ⁇ if the efficiency of the entire system increases.
  • a preheater so-called economizers
  • steam generator tubes may be disposed within semi belonging to the gue ⁇ sungsstructure forming steam generator tubes connected in parallel flow-medium side. These may, for example, be combined to form an inner wall or welded. Depending, it may be required by the desired arrival order of evaporator heating or interior walls inside the combustion chamber, the flow medium side to interconnect internal walls behind the other and connect de ⁇ ren steam generator tubes via an intermediate collectors.
  • two inner walls which are arranged symmetrically in the combustion chamber and are formed at least partially from further steam generator tubes, are connected upstream of an intermediate collector on the flow medium side.
  • the intermediate collector the medium flow from the upstream inner wall combines and it serves as an inlet collector for a downstream inner wall.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for operating a steam generator of the type mentioned above and a steam generator, which allow a particularly long service life and a particularly low repair susceptibility of the steam ⁇ generator.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that flow medium having a lower temperature is supplied to a first evaporator heating surface than to an inlet of a second evaporator heating surface .
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a particularly long service life and a particularly low Repara ⁇ turan maturity of an evaporator as ⁇ through accessible would in a steam generator that overheating of the steam generator tubes is avoided by excessively high vapor contents or enthalpies.
  • these high vapor contents in particular ⁇ sondere occur in that partly evaporated flow medium is unevenly distributed to the downstream steam generator tubes with intermediate collectors already.
  • This unequal distribution should therefore be prevented by avoiding a two-phase mixture of water and steam in the intermediate collector. This would be achieved if the upstream of the intermediate collector interior walls remain no tubes, so that the medium enters supercooled and without further pre-heating in the interim rule ⁇ collector.
  • this solution brings konstrukti ⁇ ve disadvantages. Therefore, the temperature of the flow medium at the entry should be decorated in the steam generator redu ⁇ rather.
  • a bypass of the preheater of the preheater is achieved in a structurally simple manner and achieved a lower heat input into the bridged part of the flow medium. This can then be supplied to the entry of the first evaporator heating surface with a clotting ⁇ cal temperature.
  • the first part of the flow around the Medi ⁇ should be advantageously blended with a second, branched strömungsmediums- side to the preheater part.
  • a particularly adapted reduction of the temperature of the first evaporator heating surfaces supplied flow medium is achieved.
  • the mass flow of the second partial flow is limited upwards.
  • This limitation can be via a manual control or control valve for adjustment a quantity limitation of the second actuating current.
  • a directional limitation should be provided by a check valve to not unwanted cool the main stream of the preheater exit stream from which the second partial stream is meet ⁇ branches.
  • thermodynamic characteristics to entering the first evaporator heating nachgeschal ⁇ ended measurement point should be regulated.
  • a control valve can be arranged to ⁇ . If the system is operated at supercritical pressures, where at no temperature water and steam can occur simultaneously and therefore no phase separation is possible, there is no danger of demixing described above and the part of the flow medium bypassing the preheater can be reduced to zero , If the steam generator operated with subcritical pressures in the evaporator, such. B. partial load operation of a modern Gleit horrkessels, it must be adhered to avoid segregation of the two media a certain supercooling, which is determined by means of thermodynamic parameters at a measuring point behind the first evaporator heating.
  • thermody ⁇ namic states in the intermediate collector of the inner wall in the previously described steam generators in the pant-leg design where the problem of segregation of steam and water content leads to uneven distribution to the subsequent tubes, should here the measurement point are advantageously arranged in egg ⁇ nem of the first evaporator heating surface downstream intermediate collector.
  • thermodynamic parameters are carried out in an advantageous embodiment such that pressure and temperature are used as thermodynamic parameters, wherein the saturated steam temperature is determined from the measured pressure and the actual value of the subcooling is determined on the basis of the measured temperature.
  • the hypothermia is directly as a decisive factor for the problems discussed ermit ⁇ telbar.
  • a target value for the sub-cooling is specified and the mass flow of the first partial flow regulated on the basis of the deviation of actual and nominal value of hypothermia.
  • this as a target value of supercooling of the mass flow rate of the first substream it ⁇ höht at a lower actual.
  • the mass flow rate of the second substream is advantageously regulated on the basis of the mass flow rate of the flow medium supplied to the first evaporator heating surface.
  • Further regulation of the mass flow rate of the flow medium supplied to the first evaporator heating surface can take place taking into account a water-steam separation device arranged downstream of the evaporator heating surfaces.
  • the current of the first steamer Schuflache supplied medium regulated on the basis of the exit ⁇ enthalpy of the evaporator.
  • the Austrittsenthalpie is determined by the temperature of the flow medium at the last, the first evaporator heating the flow medium side nachgeschal ⁇ ended evaporator heating surface and the pressure in the water-steam separator. It is favorable here a re ⁇ gelung the Austrittsenthalpie to the average Fluidenthalpie in the separator.
  • the set point of the evaporator outlet enthalpy should be stored depending on the load in the main control loop . In any case, the outlet temperature of the fluid should be se limited so that the maximum permissible material Tempe ⁇ temperature is not exceeded.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that the problem of water-steam segregation in the intermediate collector is reliably avoided by the use of two media with different degrees of supercooling for feeding the various evaporator parts (enclosing walls and inner walls).
  • the evaporator does not have to be increased, or only slightly increased, in order to ensure a sufficiently high outlet enthalpy at the evaporator.
  • a design of the steam generator as a once-through boiler has several advantages: forced-circulation steam generators can be used for both subcritical and supercritical pressure without changing the process technology. Only the wall thickness of the pipes and collectors must be dimensioned according to the intended pressure. Thus, the continuous flow principle meets the globally recognizable trend towards increasing efficiencies by increasing the steam conditions.
  • Forced circulation steam generator with fluidized bed combustion ⁇ tion with partially bridged preheating 2 shows the continuous steam generator of FIG 1 with control of the flow to the inner walls
  • FIG. 3 shows the continuous steam generator from FIG. 1 with regulation of the exit enthalpy of the inner walls
  • the steam generator 1 in a schematic representation according to FIG 1 is designed as a forced continuous steam generator. He environmentally combines multiple, formed from steam generator tubes and un ⁇ th up-flow tube walls, namely a Umfas ⁇ sungswand 2 as well as symmetrically arranged inclined out rich preparing inner walls 4, which flow-medium side, a further inner wall downstream of 8 via an intermediate collector. 6
  • the continuous steam generator 1 is thus designed in the so-called "pant-leg" design.
  • a solid fuel is burned in the manner of fluidized bed combustion and thus reaches a heat input into the tube walls, which causes heating and evaporation of the flow medium.
  • Example ⁇ a shorter service life or a higher susceptibility to failure is the intermediate collector 6 pre-turn ⁇ th inner walls 4 flow medium is supplied at a lower temperature than the surrounding wall 2.
  • modifications of the preheater are initially 16 vorgese ⁇ which ensure different heat inputs into the different medium flows.
  • the preheater 16 according to FIG. 1 is preceded by a branch point 18 on the flow medium side.
  • a portion of the Strö ⁇ mung medium is thus guided around the preheater 16 in a Kochbrü ⁇ ckungs Koch 20th
  • the line A ⁇ doubt 10 of the surrounding wall 2 of the is guided to the line A ⁇ doubt 10 of the surrounding wall 2 of the.
  • a part of the preheated flow medium is thus supplied to the enclosure wall 2.
  • Another part of the preheated flow medium is guided in a line 24, which meets in a mixing point 26 with the bypass line 20.
  • a medium of lower temperature is achieved by the mixing of the medium streams, which is then fed to the inlets 12 of the inner walls 4.
  • a check valve 30 is arranged, which is an unwanted cooling by reflux in the branch position 22 prevented. Furthermore, a manual flow control valve ⁇ 32 is provided which limits the diverted mass flow preheated medium upwards.
  • the pressure p and the temperature T in the intermediate collector 6 serve as input variables for the automatic control in the flow control valve 28. From the pressure determined, the saturated steam temperature is initially determined whose difference to the determined temperature T results in the actual undercooling. In order to prevent segregation of water and steam in the intermediate collector 6, a desired subcooling in the intermediate collector 6 is predetermined. If the actual subcooling exceeds the desired subcooling, the automatic flow control valve 28 is closed further, so that the temperature at the inlets 12 increases. In the opposite case, the flow control valve 28 is opened further. If pressure and temperature above the kri ⁇ tables point of the flow medium are being completely closed by ⁇ flow control valve 28, as can occur simultaneously at überkri ⁇ tables Press at any temperature water and steam and thus no de-mixing in the intermediate collector 6 longer occur can.
  • FIG 2. An alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG 2.
  • the steam generator 1 is identical to FIG 1 except for the flow control valve 32.
  • the flow control valve 32 is here as the control valve 28 automated. This makes it possible to regulate the amount of the inner walls 4 supplied medium.
  • the total flow F to the inlets 12, which is determined at a measuring point 34, serves as the input variable for the control. In this case, the total flow F is guided by means of a setpoint determined by design calculations.
  • FIG. 1 A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the steam generator 1 to FIG 2 is identical, it However, further components are shown, namely the off ⁇ takes 36 of the inside wall 8 and the outlets 38 of the Umfas ⁇ sungswand 2.
  • the medium flows from the outlets 36, 38 ⁇ the merged and fed into a water-steam separator 40th
  • the main control loop is shown, which controls the total amount of supplied flow medium in the steam ⁇ generator 1 by means of a flow control valve 42.
  • pressure p and temperature T on the steam-soaked discharge of the water-steam separator 40 serve as input variables for the regulation of the total medium flow.
  • the inner walls 4 is controlled via the inlets 12 to ⁇ guided medium flow quantity in accordance with the off ⁇ stensenthalpie the inner wall. 8
  • This is ermit- telt based on the temperature T at the outlet 36 of the inside wall 8 and the pressure p in the water-steam separator 40.
  • the mitt ⁇ sized Fluidenthalpie provided as a target value for the Ausbergsenthalpie the inside wall 8 in the water-vapor separator 40
  • the outlet temperature at the outlet 40 is limited beyond the maximum permissible material temperature.
  • FIG. 4 finally shows a state diagram for water / steam, in which the states of the flow medium are shown in different regions of the steam generator.
  • the diagram plots the specific enthalpy h in kJ / kg against the pressure p in bar.
  • first lines of equal temperature T that is shown isotherms 44, whose respective Tempe ⁇ raturagonist on the right axis of the graph in degrees Centigrade are listed.
  • the bump-shaped structure 46 on the left graphite side provides information about the vapor content of the water / steam mixture. Outside the structure 46, the medium is single-phase, ie, there is only medium in a Aggregaktu ⁇ stand before.
  • the steam process within the steam generator 1 runs on different load characteristic curves 56, 58, 60 which are not isobars, since the pressure losses of the heating surfaces are represented.
  • the load determines the pressure within the Bacsys ⁇ tems substantially.
  • Load curve 56 represents the steam process at 100% load, load curve 58 at 70% load and load curve 60 at 40% load.
  • points A, B, C, D represent it in each case the state of the flow medium at various punk ⁇ th of the steam generator 1, and initially still without the invention separate regulation of the temperature at the inlets 12 of the inner walls 4: point A the State at the inlet of the preheater 16, point B the state at the inlet 12 of the inner walls 4, point C the state in the intermediate collector 6 and point D the state at the outlet of the evaporator.
  • the steam generator is fully ⁇ constantly operated in the supercritical range at 100% load.
  • no point A, B, C, D on the load curve 56 is a distinction of water and steam possible, so that no segregation can occur.
  • the subcritical range is already reached, but only a small part of the load characteristic 58 is within the structure 46.
  • the points A, B, C of the load characteristic 58 are still below the structure 46, here is single-phase water. Again, it can not come to segregation in the intermediate collector 6.
  • 40% load however, a significant portion of the load ⁇ characteristic curve 60 within the structure 46.
  • the points A and B are below the structure 46 on the load line 60, so that there is still present a single-phase water.
  • the point C of the load characteristic 60 is within the structure 46 at a vapor content of 10%. This can thus lead to the described segregation in the intermediate collector 6.
  • point E shows the state of the flow medium at the entrance 12 of the inner walls 4 at a reduced temperature.
  • point F is now outside the structure 46, so that here single-phase water is present and segregations are reliably prevented.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur (1) comportant une chambre de combustion présentant une pluralité de surfaces chauffantes d'évaporation (2, 4, 8) couplées en parallèle côté agent de circulation. L'invention vise à conférer au générateur de vapeur une longévité particulièrement élevée et un fonctionnement particulièrement fiable. A cet effet, dans l'entrée (12) d'une première surface chauffante d'évaporation (4), un agent de circulation est introduit à une moindre température que dans l'entrée (10) d'une deuxième surface chauffante d'évaporation (2).
EP11714517.7A 2010-05-07 2011-04-07 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur Active EP2567151B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11714517T PL2567151T3 (pl) 2010-05-07 2011-04-07 Sposób eksploatacji wytwornicy pary

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010028720A DE102010028720A1 (de) 2010-05-07 2010-05-07 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Dampferzeugers
PCT/EP2011/055401 WO2011138116A2 (fr) 2010-05-07 2011-04-07 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2567151A2 true EP2567151A2 (fr) 2013-03-13
EP2567151B1 EP2567151B1 (fr) 2016-09-28

Family

ID=44021942

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11714517.7A Active EP2567151B1 (fr) 2010-05-07 2011-04-07 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US9683733B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2567151B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101852642B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103026136B (fr)
CA (1) CA2798366A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010028720A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2567151T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2567151T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011138116A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011076968A1 (de) * 2011-06-06 2012-12-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Umlauf-Abhitzedampferzeugers
DE102014222682A1 (de) * 2014-11-06 2016-05-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Regelungsverfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers

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JPH01157551A (ja) 1987-09-24 1989-06-20 Hitachi Ltd ウェーハ・スケール集積回路
AT394100B (de) 1988-09-14 1992-01-27 Sgp Va Energie Umwelt Abhitze-dampferzeuger
EP0561220B1 (fr) * 1992-03-16 1995-09-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'une installation de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011138116A3 (fr) 2013-01-17
DK2567151T3 (en) 2017-01-09
CN103026136A (zh) 2013-04-03
PL2567151T3 (pl) 2017-06-30
CA2798366A1 (fr) 2011-11-10
KR20130098856A (ko) 2013-09-05
WO2011138116A2 (fr) 2011-11-10
US9683733B2 (en) 2017-06-20
US20130047938A1 (en) 2013-02-28
CN103026136B (zh) 2015-03-25
EP2567151B1 (fr) 2016-09-28
DE102010028720A1 (de) 2011-11-10
KR101852642B1 (ko) 2018-04-26

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