Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
  • B29C44/1285—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being foamed
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/36—After-treatment
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
  • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
  • E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
  • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
  • E04B1/806—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with air or gas pockets included in the slab
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
  • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
  • C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/08—Supercritical fluid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
  • C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
  • C08J2205/042—Nanopores, i.e. the average diameter being smaller than 0,1 micrometer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
  • C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C08J2333/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
  • C08J2333/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B2001/7691—Heat reflecting layers or coatings
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
  • Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
  • Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a vacuum insulation panel containing nanoporous polymer particles as a core material.
• Vacuum insulation panels are known as highly efficient insulation materials. Depending on the core material and the negative pressure, they have a thermal conductivity of about 4 to 8 mW / mK, which is 8 to 15 times better than that of conventional thermal insulation systems.
• nanocellular core materials for vacuum insulation panels open cell micro- or nanocellular materials can be used, with nanocellular core materials characterized by a significantly lower change in the thermal conductivity at a pressure increase, for example by damage permeation of water vapor and oxygen in the shell. This achieves an extension of the duration of action and a lower sensitivity to film materials.
• nanocellular core materials are currently predominantly nanoporous silicas, such as in US 5,480,696 described, used.
• a disadvantage of these materials is their hydrophilicity.
• the powdery silicas must therefore either be rendered hydrophobic or dried at high cost.
• Nanocellular polymer materials based on polyurethane, polyurea or melamine resins are also suitable ( WO2008 / 138978 ). Their hydrophilicity, especially in the melamine resins is less pronounced, but drying is still necessary. In addition, the synthesis of a sol-gel process is complicated and costly.
• Vacuum insulation panels containing nanoporous thermoplastic polymer foams are still unpublished PCT / EP2011 / 058238 described.
• the core material contains the components in the proportions by weight stated. It preferably consists of components A) and B)
• the density of the core material of the vacuum insulation panel is in the range of 50 to 350 kg / m 3 , preferably in the range of 70 to 300 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably in the range of 80 to 250 kg / m 3
• the core material preferably has a water content in the range from 0.1 to 1% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
• At least 60 percent by weight, preferably at least 95 percent by weight, particularly preferably at least 99 percent by weight of the nanoporous polymer particles in the sieve analysis according to DIN 66165 have a particle size of less than 100 .mu.m.
• nanoporous polymer particles in which at least 60% by weight of the nanoporous polymer particles (component A) in the sieve analysis according to DIN 66165 have a particle size of less than 100 ⁇ m and at least 50% by weight of nanoporous polymer particles in the sieve analysis according to DIN 66165 63 microns have.
• Particles of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, polysulfones, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyurethane, melamine, phenol, resorcinol, urea-formaldehyde resins or mixtures thereof can be used as nanoporous polymer particles.
• the nanoporous polymer particles have an average cell count in the range from 1,000 to 100,000 cells / mm, preferably from 2,000 to 50,000 and particularly preferably from 5,000 to 50,000 cells / mm.
• the foam density is usually in the range of 50 to 350 kg / m 3 , preferably in the range of 50 to 300 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 250 kg / m 3 .
• nanoporous includes pore sizes in the range of 5 to 1000 nanometers.
• the term "average cell count” describes the number of cells per mm. It can be determined from the mean diameter of circular foam cells with cross-sectional areas equivalent to the real cells in typical frequency / size curves, as can be determined from the evaluation of at least 10 real cell areas by representative electron micrographs.
• the term "foam density” or “density” describes the mass to volume ratio of the foamed nanoporous molding composition, which can be determined by the buoyancy method or mathematically results from the quotient mass to volume of a molded part.
• the term "molding compound” or “polymer melt” includes both pure homopolymers and copolymers as well as mixtures of polymers. Furthermore, the term also includes formulations based on polymers and a wide variety of additives. By way of example, reference should be made here only to process additives such as, for example, stabilizers, flow aids, color additives, antioxidants and similar additives known to the person skilled in the art.
• the foams may be closed cell but are preferably open celled. "Closed-cell” means that there is a discontinuous gas phase and a continuous polymer phase.
• Open-celled means that it is a bi-continuous system in which the gas phase and the polymer phase are each continuous phases, the two phases being interpenetrating phases.
• the nanoporous polymer particles have an open-cell content (according to DIN-ISO 4590) of more than 40%, preferably more than 50%, particularly preferably more than 75%. Ideally, at least 90%, if not all, of the cells are open, i. the foam scaffold consists only of bars.
• nanoporous polymer particles used according to the invention can be prepared, for example, as described below.
• the loaded polymer melt in stage a) is heated so that the temperature at the moment of foaming in the range of - 20 to + 35 ° C is about the glass transition temperature of the unladen polymer melt.
• the glass transition temperature is the detectable glass transition temperature.
• the glass transition temperature can be determined by DSC according to DIN-ISO 11357-2 at a heating rate of 20 K / min.
• a polymeric molding compound (polymer melt) is charged with a gas or fluid blowing agent under a pressure and a temperature at which the blowing agent is in the supercritical state.
• thermoplastic polymers for the polymer melt for example, styrene polymers, polyamides (PA), polyolefins, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or polyethylene-propylene copolymers, Polyacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polysulfones, polyethersulfones (PES), polyether ketones, polyetherimides or polyethersulfides (PES), polyphenylene ether (PPE) or mixtures thereof become.
• styrene polymers such as polystyrene or styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, or polyacrylates, such as polymethyl methacrylate.
• Particularly suitable polymers are thermoplastically processable amorphous polymers in which no more than 3% crystalline fractions are present (determined by DSC).
• Suitable blowing agents are solid, gaseous or liquid blowing agents such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, noble gases such as helium or argon, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as propane, butane, partially or fully halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as fluorohydrocarbons, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, difluoroethane, aliphatic alcohols or nitrous oxide ( Nitrous oxide), with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and / or nitrogen being preferred. Very particular preference is given to carbon dioxide.
• the propellant may be directly over-critically metered and / or injected, or the process parameters of the polymer to be injected may be in a range at the time of injection so that the propellant becomes supercritical under these conditions.
• the critical point is about 31.1 ° C and 7.375 MPa
• N2O the critical point is about 36.4 ° C and 7.245 MPa.
• the propellant charge of the polymeric molding material or melt may be present in a pressure chamber, e.g. an autoclave, or in a mold cavity or in an extruder.
• a pressure chamber e.g. an autoclave
• the exact temperature of the polymeric molding composition is insignificant in this stage, wherein a temperature above the critical temperature of the blowing agent and above the glass transition temperature of the polymeric molding composition for this first loading step is advantageous because the inclusion of the blowing agent via diffusion processes at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of the polymeric Molding compound is accelerated and thus shorter loading times are possible.
• a pressure above the critical pressure of the propellant is set, preferably greater than 10 MPa, particularly preferably greater than 20 MPa.
• This loading pressure is important for the generation of the highest possible gas concentration in the polymeric molding composition, and can be adjusted within the technical possibilities of today's pressure vessel up to 200 MPa.
• the loading can be carried out in an extruder.
• the temperature of the polymeric molding compound in the area of the blowing agent injection is above the glass transition temperature of the molding compound, so that the blowing agent can disperse and dissolve very well and quickly in the melt.
• the injection pressure is generally set higher than the melt pressure in this area.
• the injection pressure is adjusted via a pressure-maintaining valve to a constant high value.
• a blowing agent mass flow is set which, based on the mass flow of the polymeric molding compound, can be from 1 to 60% by weight, in particular from 5 to 50% by weight.
• the upper limit for the propellant charge in this case represents the saturation concentration which can be reached in front of the nozzle under the parameters of pressure and temperature of the charged melt, which can be determined either empirically in the process or by means of gravimetric methods.
• stage b the laden polymeric molding compound is then cooled while maintaining the loading pressure greater than 10 MPa, preferably greater than 20 MPa, to a temperature between -40 and + 40 ° C., preferably between -20 and + 35 ° C, more preferably between 0 and 30 ° C to the by DSC according to DIN-ISO 11357-2 at a heating rate of 20 K / min can be determined glass transition temperature of the unladen polymeric molding compound.
• this adaptation of the temperature of the polymeric molding compound can be carried out after application of the loading pressure.
• this temperature can also be set before applying the loading pressure.
• care must be taken to allow a sufficient time for the homogenization of the temperature, in particular after injection of the cold blowing agent into the cavity.
• care must be taken in these process variants for a sufficient time to reach the saturation concentration via diffusion, especially for larger volumes of the polymeric molding composition.
• the loaded molding composition is cooled continuously.
• all known to those skilled apparatuses from a cooling extruder to mixers and coolers in any number and combination can be used.
• the use of melt pumps for pressure increase may be appropriate, which can also be introduced in any number and position in the process.
• This is also an advantage of the embodiment of the invention is justified, namely that a segmental structure of the process section provides a great deal of control over the local parameters pressure and temperature and a rapid and homogeneous cooling of the loaded molding compound can be carried out under pressure.
• Condition is, however, that by a sufficient residence time and mixing a homogeneous distribution of the blowing agent molecules takes place and the blowing agent can be completely dissolved in the polymeric molding composition.
• Rapid depressurization of the loaded and tempered polymeric molding compound in the third stage (step c) results in stable nanoporous polymer foams of low density.
• a pressure release of the polymer melt laden with blowing agent and tempered in stage b) in stage a) takes place at a pressure release rate in the range from 15,000 to 2,000,000 MPa / sec.
• the pressure release rate refers to the Pressure jump that occurs within a period of one second before foaming.
• the pressure drop is at least 10 MPa.
• the pressure before the relaxation can be determined via a pressure sensor. Usually it is relaxed to atmospheric pressure. But it can also be applied a slight overpressure or negative pressure. As a rule, the pressure drop occurs abruptly within 0.1 to 10 ms.
• the pressure release rate can be determined for example by applying a tangent in the region of the strongest pressure drop in the pressure-temperature diagram.
• the pressure release rate is usually adjusted via the shape of the nozzle.
• a nozzle with at least one nozzle section which preferably has a length of 1 to 5 mm and a cross section of 0.1 to 25 mm 2, is used for this purpose.
• a pressure relief rate in the range of 15,000 to 2,000,000 MPa / s, preferably in the range of 30,000 to 1,000,000 M Pa / s, more preferably in the range of 40,000 to 500,000 MPa / s, a polymeric molding composition with very high blowing agent concentration and Accordingly, low viscosity even at homogeneous foaming temperatures above the glass transition temperature of the non-loaded molding composition to a nanoporous foam morphology are produced at the same time significantly lower foam density. It has been found that in some cases pressure release rates up to 200,000 MPa / s can be sufficient. In these cases, the process can be simplified.
• This third stage (stage c) can be realized in different ways in the different process variants.
• the pressure relief rate according to the invention can be ensured either via fast switching valves or via the controlled response of pressure relief devices such as a rupture disk.
• the pressure release rate can take place via rapid enlargement of the cavity.
• the pressure release rate is ensured by the extruder output and nozzle geometry.
• the present invention relates to other technically feasible apparatus known to the expert and methods for producing such nanoporous polymer foams by the above-described inventive rapid depressurization of a polymeric molding compound which has been tempered according to the invention.
• the polymer foam is comminuted in a further process step (optional step d) to form shaped articles in the form of foamed polymer particles, granules, or powders, e.g. by means of a cutting disc, a granulator, a blade, a fly knife or a mill.
• the comminution step can preferably be connected directly after the pressure release, but can also be carried out separately at a later time. It may be advantageous to cool the polymer foam, for example by means of ice water, dry ice or liquid nitrogen.
• the comminution in stage d) can take place in one or more stages, in the latter case in one or more different apparatuses.
• the nanoporous polymer foam can first be subjected to pre-comminution and subsequent post-comminution.
• Post-shredding can advantageously be carried out in a granulator or a fluidized bed counter-jet mill.
• the foam particles preferably have an average particle diameter in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm.
• shredders In particular, shredders, rotary shears, single and multi-shaft shredders, roll mills, fine mills, pulverizers, impact disk mills, hammer mills and fluidized bed counter-jet mills come into consideration as apparatus for comminuting.
• the flowability in the bed and the low density of the nanoporous polymer foam in the pressed state are a great advantage.
• Another advantage of the beds are the controlled adjustable particle diameter and their size distribution by choosing the crushing process.
• the nanoporous polymer particles can be used as such or in mixture with other functional components as thermal insulation materials.
• a thermal insulation material is accordingly a mixture containing the nanoporous polymer foams.
• the invention relates to vacuum insulation panels containing the nanoporous polymer foams and the use of nanoporous polymer foams for thermal insulation.
• the available materials for thermal insulation are preferably used in particular in buildings, or for cold insulation in particular in the mobile, logistics or in the stationary area, for example in refrigerators or for mobile applications.
• Possible further components of these heat insulation materials are, for example, compounds which can absorb, scatter and / or reflect heat rays in the infrared range, in particular in the wavelength range between 3 and 10 ⁇ m. They are commonly referred to as infrared opacifiers.
• the particle size of these particles is preferably from 0.5 to 15 microns. Examples of such substances are in particular titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, ilmenites, iron titanates, iron oxides, zirconium silicates, silicon carbide, manganese oxides, graphites and carbon black.
• fibers can be used as additives. These fibers may be of inorganic or organic origin. Examples of inorganic fibers are preferably glass wool, rock wool, basalt fibers, slag wool, ceramic fibers consisting of melting of aluminum and / or silica and other inorganic metal oxides, and pure silica fibers such. B. silica fibers. Organic fibers are preferably z. As cellulose fibers, textile fibers or plastic fibers. The following dimensions are used: diameter preferably 1-12 micrometers, in particular 6-9 micrometers; Length preferably 1-25 mm, in particular 3-10 mm.
• inorganic filler materials can be added to the mixture.
• silicon dioxide such as, for example, are used.
• silicic acids which are obtained by leaching of silicates such as calcium silicate, magnesium silicate and mixed silicates such.
• B. olivine (magnesium iron silicate) can be prepared with acids.
• SiO 2 -containing compounds such as diatomaceous earths and diatomaceous earths.
• thermally inflated minerals such as preferably perlite and vermiculite.
• preferably finely divided metal oxides such as preferably aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxide may be added.
• the fumed silica preferably has a water content in the range of 0.1 to 1 wt .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-% to.
• the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the vacuum insulation panels described above in which a mixture of components A) and optionally B) and other constituents of the core material is filled into a shell and the filled shell is then evacuated and welded.
• a shell is preferably a polymer film, which is a metallic Coating, more preferably a metallized Polyethylentherephtalatfolie used.
• the blending of the components A) and B) and optionally other components for the core material can generally take place in various mixing units.
• planetary mixers or Rhönradmischer are used.
• the bulk density of the mixture After completion of the mixing process, the bulk density of the mixture, depending on the type and amount of components between preferably 40-180 kg / m 3 , preferably 40-120 kg / m 3 , amount.
• the flowability of the resulting porous mixture is very good, so that it easily and homogeneously pressed into plates, including, for. B. can be filled in the cavities of hollow bricks and pressed.
• pressing into plates can be significantly influenced by fixing on certain plate thicknesses, the weight, the density and as a result, the thermal conductivity of the insulating material.
• nanoporous polymer foams as core thermal insulation in vacuum insulation panels allows the setting of an optimal combination of low temperature, long life and low density thermal conductivity as a function of the cell size and foam density parameters as well as the adjusted particle size and particle size distribution.
• the nanoporous polymer foams can be used directly as core materials as loose fill or as pressed molded bodies.
• the vacuum insulation panels according to the invention are particularly suitable for thermal insulation in vehicle construction.
• flat interior trim parts for vehicle construction can be produced, which have favorable thermal insulation properties.
• the powdery materials according to the invention since the corresponding vehicle parts must meet high standards with respect to a complex shape or with respect to a complex structure.
• the vacuum panels produced in this way are of great importance especially where only small insulation thicknesses are possible for space reasons; For example, in the automotive sector, in the refrigerator sector or in the renovation of buildings.
• a low density nanoporous polymer foam was made in a continuous extrusion process.
• stage 1 a PMMA plexiglass 6N from Evonik Röhm GmbH was used as the polymeric molding compound.
• stage 1 the polymeric molding compound was melted and homogenized in an extruder (Leistritz 18 mm) at a throughput of 2.26 kg / h.
• supercritical CO 2 was injected at a pressure of about 475 bar into the molding compound at a melt temperature of about 220 ° C.
• a mass flow of about 0.780 kg / h CO 2 was set, resulting in a loading of about 34.5 wt .-% based on the mass of polymer.
• the loaded molding compound was then lowered via mixing and cooling elements to a temperature of about 103 ° C in front of the nozzle.
• the pressure along the process section after the blowing agent injection was kept above a minimum value of 350 bar by using melt pumps.
• a pressure release rate according to the invention in the range of 80,000 MPa / s of the polymeric molding composition tempered according to the invention could be set.
• the resulting, nanoporous polymer foam strands based on PMMA were ground to powders with the aid of a fluidized bed counter-jet mill (Hosokawa Alpine, type AFG 200). Grinding was carried out at ambient temperature without embrittlement of the material.
• a fluidized bed counter-jet mill Hosokawa Alpine, type AFG 200. Grinding was carried out at ambient temperature without embrittlement of the material.
• the mixtures of the milled nanoporous polymer foam with the fumed silica were prepared with the aid of the Rhönradmischer type RRM 200 from Fa. J. Engelsmann AG at the mixing time of 6 hours with grinding balls.
• the various nanocellular powders were filled in commercially available, multiply metallised PET barrier film, then evacuated for 20 minutes and sealed gas-tight. In all tests exactly the same foils, the same evacuator (The vac company ® ) and the same evacuation conditions were set.
• the dimensions of the vacuum panels were each 20 ⁇ 20 ⁇ 1.5 cm.
• the measurement of the thermal conductivity was carried out at 10 ° C according to DIN 52612.
• the water contents were determined after back weighing.
• the VIPs were opened after the thermal conductivity measurements and the core material was weighed. Then, the core was dried at 110 ° C in a vacuum oven for 3 hours and weighed again. From the mass difference, the water content in the VIP can be determined to the accuracy of 0.3% by weight.
• Example 4 shows that no drying of the powder mixture of the milled nanoporous polymer foam strands and undried pyrogenic silica is necessary up to a weight fraction of 50% of the milled nanoporous polymer foam strands.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
• Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=46704659

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (6)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2011
  • 2011-08-26 EP EP11179075A patent/EP2562207A1/fr not_active Ceased
• 2012
  • 2012-08-20 EP EP12748473.1A patent/EP2748238B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2012-08-20 WO PCT/EP2012/066162 patent/WO2013030020A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-08-20 BR BR112014002545A patent/BR112014002545A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-08-20 KR KR1020147007494A patent/KR20140064904A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-08-20 JP JP2014527582A patent/JP2014529715A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-08-20 ES ES12748473.1T patent/ES2546607T3/es active Active

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events