EP2561589A1 - Spark plug and method for plasma ignition of mixtures containing fuel, in particular in internal combustion engines and internal combustion turbines - Google Patents

Spark plug and method for plasma ignition of mixtures containing fuel, in particular in internal combustion engines and internal combustion turbines

Info

Publication number
EP2561589A1
EP2561589A1 EP11717926A EP11717926A EP2561589A1 EP 2561589 A1 EP2561589 A1 EP 2561589A1 EP 11717926 A EP11717926 A EP 11717926A EP 11717926 A EP11717926 A EP 11717926A EP 2561589 A1 EP2561589 A1 EP 2561589A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
spark plug
coil
plug according
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11717926A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Goldammer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goldammer Stefan
Original Assignee
Goldammer Stefan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE201010000349 external-priority patent/DE102010000349B3/en
Priority claimed from DE201010016744 external-priority patent/DE102010016744A1/en
Application filed by Goldammer Stefan filed Critical Goldammer Stefan
Publication of EP2561589A1 publication Critical patent/EP2561589A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
    • H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/50—Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug and a method for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures, in particular in internal combustion engines and turbines.
  • DE 100 37 536 C2 which describes such a spark plug and such a method, states that a high proportion of excited molecules requires atoms or radicals which are provided by a conventional ignition spark for effective ignition, in particular of lean mixtures.
  • a conventional spark is a sheet break between electrodes that leads to a predominantly thermal plasma.
  • the relevant engine raw emissions NOx, HC, CO, particles
  • This object should be achieved in the known system by means of a pulsed high-frequency discharge in a plasma field discharge, wherein the discharge takes place between dielectrically coated electrodes in order to produce a nonequilibrium plasma.
  • This has the disadvantage of a high design effort, an additional complicated handling of high-frequency technology and ignition voltage isolation at too low efficiency and has therefore not prevailed in practice.
  • EP 0 172 954 B1 describes a plasma jet ignition device having an ignition space, an apparatus for discharging electric energy to generate plasma radicals in the ignition space, and a device for generating a magnetic field in the ignition space, the magnetic field serving to to exert on the generated plasma radicals a driving force which drives the plasma radicals from the ignition space into the combustion chamber containing the fuel mixture.
  • the ignition space is connected via a connecting channel to a storage for gaseous plasma material.
  • the device for discharging electric energy contains a rod-shaped center electrode arranged on an axis of the ignition space and an annular ground electrode surrounding this center electrode.
  • the device for generating the magnetic field contains a magnetic field coil embedded in a ceramic cap, which surrounds the ignition space.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a comparison with the known plasma jet ignition devices simplified spark plug for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures.
  • a center electrode and a ground electrode having spark plug for plasma ignition of fuel mixtures characterized by at least one connected to one end to ground, made of electrically conductive material existing coil, the other end in a skip the spark enabling distance from the center electrode is located and forms the ground electrode, and that the coil is arranged in the region of the ignition space such that during each ignition process at least one magnetic field is generated in order to effect a volumetric expansion of a Zündplasma plasma.
  • stray plasma coil From the non-equilibrium plasmas achieved by means of the coil, which may also be referred to as a stray plasma coil, results in an increased concentration of activated molecules, atoms and ionized radicals. Also associated with this is a high concentration of secondary radicals which provide increased volumetric increased presence of radicals in the fuel mixture and also achieve reliable ignition of lean fuel mixtures.
  • the center electrode is associated with at least two coils directed radially outward with their axes, the additional effect is produced that molecular orientation of the fuels takes place, which changes the conductivity and ignites the various gases at several locations in the combustion chamber.
  • the alignment can be influenced and various effects arise.
  • the non-equilibrium plasmas achieved by means of the coils result in an increased concentration of activated molecules, atoms and ionized radicals. This is also associated with a high concentration of secondary radicals, which ensure an increased volumetric expanded presence of radicals in the mixture and also achieve reliable ignition of lean mixtures.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the device or spark plug according to the invention are dealt with in subclaims 3 to 15.
  • Figure 1 shows an enlarged view in fragmentary form the upper end of a spark plug with a central electrode associated coil.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to the representation of FIG. 1 with additionally indicated magnetic field.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the spark plug system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Figure 4 shows an enlarged view in fragmentary form the upper end of a spark plug with two of the center electrode associated coils.
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view of a modified embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the system shown in FIG.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show schematically illustrated coil systems with three or six coils whose axes are each at uniform angular intervals of each other.
  • Figure 9 shows a side view of a standard spark plug according to the invention in the region of the upper end of the center electrode associated with two coils.
  • the standard spark plug 1 shown in FIG. 9 is associated with two coils connected to ground in the ignition region of the center electrode 2, as will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4 and 6.
  • the screw-in thread 4 and the center electrode 2 are shown in a simplified representation.
  • the center electrode 2 projects into the interior of a coil 3 made of electrically conductive material, which is wound onto an insulating cylinder 7.
  • the ignition electrode of the center electrode 2 is located in a skipping of a spark enabling distance from the upper coil end, which is wound to form a second ignition contact ring pole end 3.1, whose diameter smaller than the winding diameter of the coil 3.
  • the other end of the coil is connected by means of a conductor 3.2 is connected to ground.
  • the axis of the coil 3 is in the extension of the spark plug and the central electrode axis.
  • the center electrode 12 surrounded by an insulating cylinder 16 is assigned two coils 13 directed radially outwards with their axes, the outer ends of which are connected to earth by means of the conductors 13. 2 and whose inner ends are connected to a common, the center electrode 12 are connected at a distance opposite ignition contact, which is formed by a lying in the extension of the central electrode axis pole ring 13.1.
  • the center electrode 22 has at its upper end two radially outwardly directed electrode branches 22.1 whose ends lie within two coils 23 directed radially outwards with their axes, the inner ends of which are connected to earth by means of the conductors 23.2.
  • the outer ends of the coils 23 have the form of ignition contacts forming ring pole ends 23.1, whose diameter is smaller than the coil diameter.
  • the inner ends of the coils 23 are connected by means of conductors 23.2 to ground.
  • the coils 23 are wound on insulating cylinder 27.
  • the center electrode 22 is surrounded by an insulating cylinder 26.
  • the coil system comprises three coils 13 whose axes are at an angular distance of 120 °.
  • six coils 13 are provided, whose axes are at an angular distance of 60 °.
  • the outer coil ends are connected to ground, while the inner coil ends are connected to a common pole ring 13.1, which forms the center electrode as the ignition electrode located axially at a distance from each other.
  • the coils are preferably made of a material selected from the group of nickel-manganese-silicon alloys, chromium-steel, nickel-barium and nickel-palladium alloys, platinum or, preferably, tungsten.
  • the coils are preferably wound from a wire having a diameter D4 between 0.3 mm and 1.2 mm.
  • the outer diameter D1 of each coil preferably has a value between 3 mm and 10 mm, while the inner diameter of the coil D2 has a value between 2.4 mm and 7.6 mm.
  • the outer diameter D3 of the ring pole ends is determined by the inner diameter D2 of the respective coils.
  • the coils may preferably be cast at least partially into a body of highly insulating, temperature-resistant material.
  • each coil may preferably be wound in a conical or multi-layer insulated manner.
  • the ignition system uses the ignition current, which flashes during a HV ignition discharge between the modified ignition contacts, in order to build up a pulsed magnetic field in one or more coils mounted on the spark plug head, that a) additionally accelerates the charge carriers present in the discharge plasma, b ) increases the reaction kinetics among the charge carriers in the plasma,
  • the released charge carriers energize the fuel mixture and one achieves a better utilization of the energy yield of the fuel mixture.
  • Tests carried out and test measurements have shown a fuel consumption reduction of 30% and a reduction of exhaust emissions by more than 80%.
  • the values D1 for the outer diameter of the pulse plasma coil are preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm.
  • a coil inner diameter D2 between 2.4 mm and 7.6 mm is calculated.
  • the arrangement, the number of coil turns, the shape (also conical as shown in Figure 8) and the length H of a pulse-plasma coil is variable and depends on the particular application.
  • the field lines of the magnetic fields constructed by means of the coils extend in the direction of the arrow, whereby the position of the north pole N and the south pole S according to the invention are also determined.
  • the center electrode consists of a multicore twisted material structure, which is geometricallywelspleist at the end according to the arrangement of the pulse plasma coils.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

In order to increase the efficiency in the plasma ignition of mixtures containing fuel, in particular in internal combustion engines and internal combustion turbines, particles or plasma is magnetically influenced by creating at least one magnetic field in the area of the ignition chamber during each ignition process in order to cause a volume expansion of an ignition-spark plasma, in which a spark plug, containing a central electrode (2) and at least one coil (3), which is connected at one end thereof to ground and which is made of an electrically conducting material, the other end of the coil forming an ignition contact as a ground electrode and lying at a distance from the central electrode, said distance enabling an ignition spark to jump across.

Description

Zündkerze und Verfahren zur Plasmazündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische, insbesondere in Verbrennungsmotoren und -turhinen ===== Spark plug and method for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures, especially in internal combustion engines and turinine =====
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zündkerze und ein Verfahren zur Plasmazündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische, insbesondere in Verbrennungsmotoren und -turbinen. The invention relates to a spark plug and a method for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures, in particular in internal combustion engines and turbines.
In der eine solche Zündkerze und ein solches Verfahren beschreibenden DE 100 37 536 C2 ist zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass für eine effektive Zündung insbesondere von mageren Gemischen ein hoher Anteil angeregter Moleküle Atome oder Radikale erforderlich ist, welcher von einem konventionellen Zündfunken zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Ein konventioneller Zündfunken ist ein Bogendurchschlag zwischen Elektroden, die zu einem überwiegend thermischen Plasma fuhren. Um den Wirkungsgrad bei der Plasmazündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische bei Beibehaltung einer guten Laufkultur einerseits zu erhöhen und um weiterhin zu erreichen, dass die relevanten motorischen Rohemissionen (NOx, HC, CO, Partikel) möglichst geringe Werte haben, bestand gemäß DE 100 37 536 C2 die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem eine hohe volumenmäßige Ausdehnung eines mit einem Plasma erzeugten Funken zur Zündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische in Verbrennungsmotoren erreicht werden kann. Diese Aufgabe sollte bei dem bekannten System mittels einer gepulsten Hochfrequenzentladung in einer Plasma-Feldentladung erreicht werden, wobei die Entladung zwischen mit einem Dielektrikum beschichteten Elektroden erfolgt, um ein Nichtgleichgewichts-Plasma zu erzeugen. Dies hat den Nachteil eines hohen konstruktiven Aufwandes, einer zusätzlich komplizierten Handhabung der Hochfrequenztechnik und Zündspannungsisolierung bei einem zu geringen Wirkungsgrad und hat sich deshalb in der Praxis nicht durchgesetzt. DE 100 37 536 C2, which describes such a spark plug and such a method, states that a high proportion of excited molecules requires atoms or radicals which are provided by a conventional ignition spark for effective ignition, in particular of lean mixtures. A conventional spark is a sheet break between electrodes that leads to a predominantly thermal plasma. In order to increase the efficiency of the plasma ignition fuel-containing mixtures while maintaining a good running culture on the one hand and to further achieve that the relevant engine raw emissions (NOx, HC, CO, particles) have the lowest possible values, there was the task according to DE 100 37 536 C2 to provide a method by which a high volumetric expansion of a spark generated by a plasma for ignition of fuel-containing mixtures in internal combustion engines can be achieved. This object should be achieved in the known system by means of a pulsed high-frequency discharge in a plasma field discharge, wherein the discharge takes place between dielectrically coated electrodes in order to produce a nonequilibrium plasma. This has the disadvantage of a high design effort, an additional complicated handling of high-frequency technology and ignition voltage isolation at too low efficiency and has therefore not prevailed in practice.
Die EP 0 172 954 Bl beschreibt eine Plasmastrahl-Zündvorrichtung mit einem Zündraum, einer Vorrichtung zum Entladen von elektrischer Energie, um Plasma-Radikale in dem Zündraum zu erzeugen, und einer Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Magnetfeldes in dem Zündraum, wobei das Magnetfeld dazu dient, auf die erzeugten Plasma-Radikale eine Treibkraft auszuüben, welche die Plasma-Radikale aus dem Zündraum in den das Brennstoffgemisch enthaltenden Brennraum hinaustreibt. Der Zündraum ist über einen Verbindungskanal an einen Speicher für gasförmiges Plasmamaterial angeschlossen. Die Vorrichtung zum Entladen von elektrischer Energie enthält eine auf einer Achse des Zündraumes angeordnete stabförmige Mittelelektrode und eine diese Mittelelektrode umgebene ringförmige Masseelektrode. Die Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen des Magnetfeldes enthält eine in eine Keramikkappe eingebettete Magnetfeldspule, die den Zündraum umgibt. EP 0 172 954 B1 describes a plasma jet ignition device having an ignition space, an apparatus for discharging electric energy to generate plasma radicals in the ignition space, and a device for generating a magnetic field in the ignition space, the magnetic field serving to to exert on the generated plasma radicals a driving force which drives the plasma radicals from the ignition space into the combustion chamber containing the fuel mixture. The ignition space is connected via a connecting channel to a storage for gaseous plasma material. The device for discharging electric energy contains a rod-shaped center electrode arranged on an axis of the ignition space and an annular ground electrode surrounding this center electrode. The device for generating the magnetic field contains a magnetic field coil embedded in a ceramic cap, which surrounds the ignition space.
Der Aufbau dieser bekannten Vorrichtung ist aufwendig, insbesondere im Hinblick The structure of this known device is complicated, in particular with regard to
- auf die Zuordnung eines eigenen Speichers für gasförmiges Plasmamaterial  - On the assignment of a separate memory for gaseous plasma material
- auf die Einbettung der Magnetfeldspule in eine Keramikkappe  - On the embedding of the magnetic field coil in a ceramic cap
- auf den von der Magnetfeldspule umgebenen zusätzlichen Zündraum, der dem das Brennstoffgemisch enthaltenden Brennraum vorgeschaltet ist.  - On the surrounded by the magnetic field coil additional ignition space, which is connected upstream of the combustion chamber containing the fuel mixture.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gegenüber den bekannten Plasmastrahl- Zündvorrichtungen vereinfachte Zündkerze zur Plasmazündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische zu schaffen. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die erfmdungsgemäße, eine Mittelelektrode und eine Masseelektrode aufweisende Zündkerze zur Plasmazündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine mit ihrem einen Ende an Masse angeschlossene, aus elektrisch leitenden Material bestehende Spule, deren anderes Ende in einem ein Überspringen des Zündfunkens ermöglichenden Abstand von der Mittelelektrode liegt und die Masseelektrode bildet, und dass die Spule derart im Bereich des Zündraums angeordnet ist, dass während jedes Zündvorgangs mindestens ein Magnetfeld erzeugt wird, um eine volumenmäßige Ausdehnung eines Zündfunkenplasmas zu bewirken. The invention has for its object to provide a comparison with the known plasma jet ignition devices simplified spark plug for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures. To solve this problem erfmdungsgemäße, a center electrode and a ground electrode having spark plug for plasma ignition of fuel mixtures characterized by at least one connected to one end to ground, made of electrically conductive material existing coil, the other end in a skip the spark enabling distance from the center electrode is located and forms the ground electrode, and that the coil is arranged in the region of the ignition space such that during each ignition process at least one magnetic field is generated in order to effect a volumetric expansion of a Zündplasma plasma.
Während bei der bekannten Plasmastrahl-Zündvorrichtung gemäß EP 0 172 954 Bl die den Zündraum umgebende, in eine Keramikkappe eingebettete Magnetfeldspule auf die erzeugten Plasma-Radikale ausschließlich eine Treibkraft ausüben soll und keinen Anteil an dem eigentlichen Zündvorgang hat, bewirkt die erfindungsgemäß angeordnete und gestaltete Spule eine volumenmäßige Ausdehnung des Zündfunkenplasmas in dem das brennstoffhaltige Gemisch aufnehmenden Brennraum, wobei diese Spule mit ihrem die Masseelektrode bildenden Zündkontakt unmittelbar an dem Zündvorgang beteiligt ist. While in the known plasma jet ignition device according to EP 0 172 954 Bl surrounding the ignition space, embedded in a ceramic cap magnetic field coil on the plasma radicals generated exclusively to exert a driving force and has no share of the actual ignition, causes the inventively arranged and designed coil a voluminous expansion of the spark plasma in the fuel-containing mixture receiving combustion chamber, said coil is involved with their ground electrode forming the ignition contact directly to the ignition process.
Aus den durch die mittels der Spule, die auch als Streu-Plasmaspule bezeichnet werden kann, erreichten Nicht-Gleichgewichts-Plasmen resultiert eine erhöhte Konzentration an aktivierten Molekülen, Atomen und ionisierten Radikalen. Damit verbunden ist ebenfalls eine hohe Konzentration von Sekundär-Radikalen, die eine erhöhte volumenmäßig ausgedehnte Anwesenheit von Radikalen in dem Brennstoffgemisch gewährleisten und auch eine zuverlässige Zündung magerer Brennstoffgemische erreichen. From the non-equilibrium plasmas achieved by means of the coil, which may also be referred to as a stray plasma coil, results in an increased concentration of activated molecules, atoms and ionized radicals. Also associated with this is a high concentration of secondary radicals which provide increased volumetric increased presence of radicals in the fuel mixture and also achieve reliable ignition of lean fuel mixtures.
Vorteilhafte Ausfuhrungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 - 14 behandelt. Advantageous embodiments of the spark plug according to the invention are treated in the subclaims 2-14.
Wenn gemäß Anspruch 4 der Mittelelektrode mindestens zwei mit ihren Achsen radial nach außen gerichtete Spulen zugeordnet sind, wird der zusätzliche Effekt erzeugt, dass eine molekulare Ausrichtung der Brennstoffe stattfindet, wodurch die Leitfähigkeit verändert wird und die verschiedenen Gase an mehreren Stellen im Brennraum zünden. Durch Veränderung der Winkel dieser Spulen kann die Ausrichtung beeinflusst werden und es entstehen verschiedene Effekte. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Plasmazündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische, insbesondere in Verbrennungsmotoren und -turbinen, unter Verwendung einer eine Mittelelektrode (2) und eine Masseelektrode aufweisenden Zündkerze, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels mindestens einer mit ihrem einen Ende an Masse angeschlossenen, aus elektrisch leitendem Material bestehenden Spule, deren anderes Ende die Masseelektrode bildet, während jedes Zündvorgangs mittels des Zündstroms im Bereich des Zündraumes mindestens ein Magnetfeld erzeugt wird, um eine volumenmäßige Ausdehnung des Zündfunkenplasmas zu bewirken. When, according to claim 4, the center electrode is associated with at least two coils directed radially outward with their axes, the additional effect is produced that molecular orientation of the fuels takes place, which changes the conductivity and ignites the various gases at several locations in the combustion chamber. By changing the angles of these coils, the alignment can be influenced and various effects arise. The inventive method for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures, in particular in internal combustion engines and turbines, using a center electrode (2) and a ground electrode having spark plug, characterized in that by means of at least one connected to one end connected to ground, made of electrically conductive material Coil, the other end forms the ground electrode, during each ignition by means of the ignition current in the region of the ignition space at least one magnetic field is generated to cause a volumetric expansion of the spark plasma.
Aus den durch die mittels der Spulen, die auch als Streu-Plasmaspulen bezeichnet werden können, erreichten Nicht-Gleichgewichts-Plasmen resultiert eine erhöhte Konzentration an aktivierten Molekülen, Atomen und ionisierten Radikalen. Damit verbunden ist ebenfalls eine hohe Konzentration von Sekundärradikalen, die eine erhöhte volumenmäßig ausgedehnte Anwesenheit von Radikalen im Gemisch gewährleisten und auch eine zuverlässige Zündung magerer Gemische erreichen. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bzw. Zündkerze sind in den Unteransprüchen 3 bis 15 behandelt. The non-equilibrium plasmas achieved by means of the coils, which may also be referred to as stray plasma coils, result in an increased concentration of activated molecules, atoms and ionized radicals. This is also associated with a high concentration of secondary radicals, which ensure an increased volumetric expanded presence of radicals in the mixture and also achieve reliable ignition of lean mixtures. Advantageous embodiments of the device or spark plug according to the invention are dealt with in subclaims 3 to 15.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben. The invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
Figur 1 zeigt in vergrößerter Darstellung ausschnittsweise das obere Ende einer Zündkerze mit einer der Mittelelektrode zugeordneten Spule. Figure 1 shows an enlarged view in fragmentary form the upper end of a spark plug with a central electrode associated coil.
Figur 2 entspricht der Darstellung von Figur 1 mit zusätzlich eingezeichnetem Magnetfeld. Figur 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf das in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Zündkerzensystem. Figur 4 zeigt in vergrößerter Darstellung ausschnittsweise das obere Ende einer Zündkerze mit zwei der Mittelelektrode zugeordneten Spulen.  FIG. 2 corresponds to the representation of FIG. 1 with additionally indicated magnetic field. FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the spark plug system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Figure 4 shows an enlarged view in fragmentary form the upper end of a spark plug with two of the center electrode associated coils.
Figur 5 zeigt in der Seitenansicht eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Erfindung.  FIG. 5 shows a side view of a modified embodiment of the invention.
Figur 6 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf das in Figur 4 dargestellte System. FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the system shown in FIG.
Die Figuren 7 und 8 zeigen schematisiert dargestellt Spulensysteme mit drei bzw. sechs Spulen, deren Achsen jeweils in gleichmäßigen Winkelabständen von einander liegen.  Figures 7 and 8 show schematically illustrated coil systems with three or six coils whose axes are each at uniform angular intervals of each other.
Figur 9 zeigt eine Seitenansicht einer Standard-Zündkerze, der erfindungsgemäß im Bereich des oberen Endes der Mittelelektrode zwei Spulen zugeordnet sind. Figure 9 shows a side view of a standard spark plug according to the invention in the region of the upper end of the center electrode associated with two coils.
Der in Figur 9 dargestellten Standard-Zündkerze 1 sind erfindungsgemäß im Zündbereich der Mittelelektrode 2 zwei an Masse angeschlossenen Spulen zugeordnet, wie es im Folgenden noch unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 4 und 6 beschrieben ist. Bei der in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze sind in vereinfachter Darstellung das Einschraubgewinde 4 sowie die Mittelelektrode 2 dargestellt. Die Mittelelektrode 2 ragt in das Innere einer aus elektrisch leitendem Material bestehenden Spule 3, die auf einen Isolierzylinder 7 aufgewickelt ist. Die Mittelelektrode 2 liegt mit ihrem den Zündkontakt bildenden Ende innerhalb der Spule 3. Der Zündkontakt der Mittelelektrode 2 liegt in einem ein Überspringen eines Zündfunkens ermöglichenden Abstand von dem oberen Spulenende, das zu einem den zweiten Zündkontakt bildenden Ring-Polende 3.1 gewickelt ist, dessen Durchmesser kleiner ist als der Wicklungsdurchmesser der Spule 3. Das andere Spulenende ist mittels eines Leiters 3.2 ist an Masse angeschlossen. According to the invention, the standard spark plug 1 shown in FIG. 9 is associated with two coils connected to ground in the ignition region of the center electrode 2, as will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4 and 6. In the embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the screw-in thread 4 and the center electrode 2 are shown in a simplified representation. The center electrode 2 projects into the interior of a coil 3 made of electrically conductive material, which is wound onto an insulating cylinder 7. The ignition electrode of the center electrode 2 is located in a skipping of a spark enabling distance from the upper coil end, which is wound to form a second ignition contact ring pole end 3.1, whose diameter smaller than the winding diameter of the coil 3. The other end of the coil is connected by means of a conductor 3.2 is connected to ground.
Die Achse der Spule 3 liegt in der Verlängerung der Zündkerzen- und der Mittelelektrodenachse. The axis of the coil 3 is in the extension of the spark plug and the central electrode axis.
Bei der Ausfuhrungsform gemäß den Figuren 4 und 6 sind der von einem Isolierzylinder 16 umgebenen Mittelelektrode 12 zwei mit ihren Achsen radial nach außen gerichteten Spulen 13 zugeordnet, deren außen liegenden Enden mittels der Leiter 13.2 an Masse angeschlossen sind und deren innere Enden an einen gemeinsamen, der Mittelelektrode 12 mit Abstand gegenüberliegenden Zündkontakt angeschlossen sind, der durch einen in der Verlängerung der Mittelelektrodenachse liegenden Polring 13.1 gebildet ist. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 6, the center electrode 12 surrounded by an insulating cylinder 16 is assigned two coils 13 directed radially outwards with their axes, the outer ends of which are connected to earth by means of the conductors 13. 2 and whose inner ends are connected to a common, the center electrode 12 are connected at a distance opposite ignition contact, which is formed by a lying in the extension of the central electrode axis pole ring 13.1.
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 5 enthält die Mittelelektrode 22 an ihrem oberen Ende zwei radial nach außen gerichtete Elektrodenzweige 22.1, deren Enden innerhalb von zwei mit ihren Achsen radial nach außen gerichteten Spulen 23 liegen, deren innere Enden mittels der Leiter 23.2 an Masse angeschlossen sind. Die äußeren Enden der Spulen 23 haben die Form von Zündkontakten bildenden Ring-Polenden 23.1, deren Durchmesser kleiner ist als der Spulendurchmesser. Die innenliegenden Enden der Spulen 23 sind mittels Leitern 23.2 an Masse angeschlossen. In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the center electrode 22 has at its upper end two radially outwardly directed electrode branches 22.1 whose ends lie within two coils 23 directed radially outwards with their axes, the inner ends of which are connected to earth by means of the conductors 23.2. The outer ends of the coils 23 have the form of ignition contacts forming ring pole ends 23.1, whose diameter is smaller than the coil diameter. The inner ends of the coils 23 are connected by means of conductors 23.2 to ground.
Die Spulen 23 sind auf Isolierzylinder 27 aufgewickelt. Die Mittelelektrode 22 ist von einem Isolierzylinder 26 umgeben. Gemäß Figur 7 umfasst das Spulensystem drei Spulen 13, deren Achsen in einem Winkelabstand von 120° liegen. Gemäß Figur 8 sind sechs Spulen 13 vorgesehen, deren Achsen in einem Winkelabstand von 60° liegen. The coils 23 are wound on insulating cylinder 27. The center electrode 22 is surrounded by an insulating cylinder 26. According to Figure 7, the coil system comprises three coils 13 whose axes are at an angular distance of 120 °. According to Figure 8 six coils 13 are provided, whose axes are at an angular distance of 60 °.
Bei den Spulensystemen gemäß den Figuren 7 und 8 sind vergleichbar mit Figur 6 die außen liegenden Spulenenden an Masse angeschlossen, während die innen liegenden Spulenenden an einen gemeinsamen Polring 13.1 angeschlossen sind, der als Mittelelektrode den der Mittelelektrode axial mit Abstand gegenüberliegenden Zündkontakt bildet. In the case of the coil systems according to FIGS. 7 and 8, the outer coil ends are connected to ground, while the inner coil ends are connected to a common pole ring 13.1, which forms the center electrode as the ignition electrode located axially at a distance from each other.
Die Spulen bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem Material, das ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe von Nickel-Mangan-Silicium-Legierungen, Chrom-Stahl, Nickel-Barrium- und Nickel-Palladium- Legierungen, Platin oder vorzugsweise Wolfram. The coils are preferably made of a material selected from the group of nickel-manganese-silicon alloys, chromium-steel, nickel-barium and nickel-palladium alloys, platinum or, preferably, tungsten.
Die Spulen sind vorzugsweise aus einem Draht mit einem Durchmesser D4 zwischen 0,3 mm und 1,2 mm gewickelt. Der Außendurchmesser Dl jeder Spule hat vorzugsweise einen Wert zwischen 3 mm und 10mm, während der Spuleninnendurchmesser D2 einen Wert zwischen 2,4mm und 7,6mm hat. Der Außendurchmesser D3 der Ring-Polenden wird bestimmt durch den Innendurchmesser D2 der jeweiligen Spulen. The coils are preferably wound from a wire having a diameter D4 between 0.3 mm and 1.2 mm. The outer diameter D1 of each coil preferably has a value between 3 mm and 10 mm, while the inner diameter of the coil D2 has a value between 2.4 mm and 7.6 mm. The outer diameter D3 of the ring pole ends is determined by the inner diameter D2 of the respective coils.
Die Spulen können vorzugsweise zumindest teilweise in einen Körper aus hochisolierendem, temperaturfestem Material eingegossen sein. The coils may preferably be cast at least partially into a body of highly insulating, temperature-resistant material.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausfuhrungsform kann jede Spule vorzugsweise konisch verlaufend oder mehrlagig isoliert gewickelt sein. According to a further embodiment, each coil may preferably be wound in a conical or multi-layer insulated manner.
Das erfindungsgemäße Zündsystem nutzt den Zündstrom, der während einer HV- Zündentladung zwischen den modifizierten Zündkontakten blitzartig fließt, um in einer oder mehreren Spulen, die am Zündkerzenkopf montiert wurden, ein pulsartiges Magnetfeld aufzubauen, dass a) die im Entladungsplasma vorhandenen Ladungsträger zusätzlich beschleunigt, b) die Reaktionskinetik unter den Ladungsträgern im Plasma erhöht, The ignition system according to the invention uses the ignition current, which flashes during a HV ignition discharge between the modified ignition contacts, in order to build up a pulsed magnetic field in one or more coils mounted on the spark plug head, that a) additionally accelerates the charge carriers present in the discharge plasma, b ) increases the reaction kinetics among the charge carriers in the plasma,
c) der bei einem Magnetfeld erzeugte Pinch-Effekt bei bestimmten Ladungsträgern eine gezielte Richtungslenkung des Zündplasmas ermöglicht und d) damit eine bessere Verteilung des Zündplasmas im Brennraum bewirkt. c) the pinch effect generated in a magnetic field with specific charge carriers allows targeted directional control of Zündplasmas and d) causes a better distribution of Zündplasmas in the combustion chamber.
Die dabei frei werdenden Ladungsträger energetisieren das Brennstoffgemisch und man erreicht eine bessere Nutzung der Energieausbeute des Brennstoffgemisches. The released charge carriers energize the fuel mixture and one achieves a better utilization of the energy yield of the fuel mixture.
Durchgeführte Versuche und Testmessungen haben eine Brennstoff- Verbrauchsminderung um 30 % und eine Reduzierung von Abgaswerten um mehr als 80 % gezeigt. Tests carried out and test measurements have shown a fuel consumption reduction of 30% and a reduction of exhaust emissions by more than 80%.
Die Werte Dl für den Außendurchmesser der Puls-Plasmaspule liegen vorzugsweise zwischen 3 mm und 10 mm. Bei bevorzugten Spulenmatierialdurchmessern D4 zwischen 0,3 mm und 1,2 mm errechnet sich ein Spulen-Innendurchmesser D2 zwischen 2,4 mm und 7,6 mm. The values D1 for the outer diameter of the pulse plasma coil are preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm. In preferred coil matierial diameters D4 between 0.3 mm and 1.2 mm, a coil inner diameter D2 between 2.4 mm and 7.6 mm is calculated.
Die Anordnung, die Anzahl der Spulenwindungen, die Form (auch konisch wie in Figur 8 dargestellt) und die Länge H einer Puls-Plasmaspule ist variabel und richtet sich nach dem jeweiligen Anwendungsfall.  The arrangement, the number of coil turns, the shape (also conical as shown in Figure 8) and the length H of a pulse-plasma coil is variable and depends on the particular application.
Gemäß den Figuren 2, 4 und 5 verlaufen die Feldlinien der mittels der Spulen aufgebauten Magnetfelder jeweils in Pfeilrichtung, wodurch auch die erfindungsgemäße Lage des Nordpols N und des Südpols S festgelegt ist. According to FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, the field lines of the magnetic fields constructed by means of the coils extend in the direction of the arrow, whereby the position of the north pole N and the south pole S according to the invention are also determined.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Mittelelektrode aus einer mehradrig gedrillten Materialstruktur besteht, die am Ende entsprechend der Anordnung der Puls-Plasmaspulen geometrisch aufgespleist wird. According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the center electrode consists of a multicore twisted material structure, which is geometrically aufgespleist at the end according to the arrangement of the pulse plasma coils.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Zündkerze zur Plasmazündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische, insbesondere in Verbrennungsmotoren und -turbinen, enthaltend eine Mittelelektrode (2; 12; 22) und eine Masseelektrode, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine mit ihrem einen Ende an Masse angeschlossene, aus elektrisch leitendem Material bestehende Spule (3 bzw. 13 bzw. 23), deren anderes, einen Zündkontakt bildendes Ende als Masselektrode in einem ein Überspringen eines Zündfunkens ermöglichenden Abstand von der Mittelelektrode liegt, und dass die Spule derart im Bereich des Zündraums angeordnet ist, dass während jedes Zündvorgangs im Bereich des Zündraumes mindestens ein Magnetfeld erzeugt wird, um eine volumenmäßige Ausdehnung eines Zündfunkenplasmas zu bewirken. A spark plug for plasma ignition of fuel - containing mixtures, in particular in internal combustion engines and turbines, comprising a center electrode (2, 12, 22) and a ground electrode, characterized by at least one coil (3 or 3) connected to earth at one end connected to earth and made of electrically conductive material 13 and 23), whose other end forming an ignition contact is located as a ground electrode in a distance from the center electrode enabling skipping of a spark, and in that the coil is arranged in the area of the ignition space such that at least during each ignition process in the area of the ignition space a magnetic field is generated to cause a volumetric expansion of a spark plasma.
2. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine mit ihrer Achse in der Verlängerung der Zündkerzenachse liegende Spule (3) enthält, deren den Zündkontakt bildendes Ende als Ring-Polende (3.1) ausgebildet ist. 2. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a lying with its axis in the extension of the spark plug axis coil (3) whose ignition contact forming end is designed as a ring-pole end (3.1).
3. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittelelektrode (2) mit ihrem den Zündkontakt bildenden Ende innerhalb der Spule (3) liegt. 3. Spark plug according to claim 2, characterized in that the center electrode (2) with its ignition contact forming the end within the coil (3).
4. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mittelelektrode (12) mindestens zwei mit ihren Achsen radial nach außen gerichtete Spulen (13) zugeordnet sind, deren außen liegenden Enden an Masse angeschlossen sind, und deren innere Enden an einen gemeinsamen, der Mittelelektrode (12) mit Abstand gegenüberliegenden Zündkontakt angeschlossen sind. 4. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the central electrode (12) are assigned at least two with their axes radially outwardly directed coils (13) whose outer ends are connected to ground, and their inner ends to a common, the Center electrode (12) are connected at a distance opposite ignition contact.
5. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die inneren Enden der Spulen (13) an einen gemeinsamen, den Zündkontakt bildenden Polring (13.1) angeschlossen sind. 5. Spark plug according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner ends of the coils (13) to a common, the ignition contact forming pole ring (13.1) are connected.
6. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittelelektrode (22) mindestens zwei radial nach außen gerichtete Elektrodenzweige (22.1) und entsprechend der Anzahl dieser Elektrodenzweige mit ihren Achsen radial nach außen gerichtete Spulen (23) enthält, deren innere Enden an Masse angeschlossen sind, und deren äußere Enden die Form von Zündkontakte bildende Ring-Polenden (23.1) haben, deren Durchmesser kleiner ist als der Spulendurchmesser, und dass die Elektrodenzweige innerhalb der Spulen enden. 6. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the center electrode (22) at least two radially outwardly directed electrode branches (22.1) and according to the number of these electrode branches with their axes radially outwardly directed coils (23) whose inner ends are connected to ground, and whose outer ends in the form of ignition contacts forming ring pole ends (23.1) whose diameter is smaller than the coil diameter , and that the electrode branches terminate within the coils.
7. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spulen aus einem Material bestehen, das ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe von Nickel- Mangan-Silicium-Legierungen, Chromstahl, Nickel-Barium-, Nickel-Palladium- und Nb-Legierungen, Platin oder vorzugsweise Wolfram. 7. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the coils consist of a material which is selected from the group of nickel-manganese-silicon alloys, chromium steel, nickel-barium, nickel-palladium and Nb Alloys, platinum or preferably tungsten.
8. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittelelektrode zumindest teilweise von Isoliermaterial umgeben ist. 8. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the center electrode is at least partially surrounded by insulating material.
9. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Spule auf einen Zylinderkörper aus Isoliermaterial aufgewickelt ist 9. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each coil is wound on a cylinder body made of insulating material
10. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Spule zumindest teilweise in einen Körper aus hochisolierendem, temperaturfestem Material eingegossen ist. 10. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each coil is at least partially cast in a body made of highly insulating, temperature-resistant material.
11. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spulen aus einem Draht mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 0,3 mm und 1,2 mm gewickelt sind. 11. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the coils are wound from a wire having a diameter between 0.3 mm and 1.2 mm.
12. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außendurchmesser jeder Spule einen Wert zwischen 3mm und 10 mm und dass der Spuleninnendurchmesser einen Wert zwischen 2,4 mm und 7,6 mm hat. 12. Spark plug according to one of claims 3 to 13, characterized in that the outer diameter of each coil has a value between 3mm and 10 mm and that the inner coil diameter has a value between 2.4 mm and 7.6 mm.
13. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Spule konisch verlaufend und/oder mehrlagig isoliert gewickelt ist. 13. Spark plug according to one of claims 3 to 14, characterized in that each coil is conically extending and / or wound isolated in several layers.
14. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittelelektrode aus einer mehradrig gedrillten Materialstruktur besteht, die am Ende entsprechend der Anordnung der Puls-Plasmaspulen geometrisch aufgespleist wird. 14. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the center electrode consists of a multicore twisted material structure, which is geometrically aufgespleist at the end according to the arrangement of the pulse plasma coils.
15. Verfahren zur Plasmazündung brennstoffhaltiger Gemische, insbesondere in Verbrennungsmotoren und -turbinen unter Verwendung einer eine Mittelelektrode (2; 12; 22) und eine Masseelektrode aufweisende aufweisenden Zündkerze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels mindestens einer mit ihrem einen Ende an Masse angeschlossen, aus elektrisch leitendem Material bestehenden Spule (3 bzw. 13 bzw. 23) deren anderes Ende die Masseelektrode bildet, während jedes Zündvorgangs mittels des Zündstroms im Bereich des Zündraumes mindestens ein Magnetfeld erzeugt wird, um eine volumenmäßige Ausdehnung des Zündrunkenplasmas zu bewirken. 15. A method for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures, in particular in internal combustion engines and turbines using a central electrode (2; 12; 22) and a ground electrode having spark plug, characterized in that connected by means of at least one connected to one end to ground, electrically conductive material existing coil (3 or 13 or 23) whose other end forms the ground electrode, during each ignition by means of the ignition current in the region of the ignition space at least one magnetic field is generated to cause a volumetric expansion of the Zündrunkenplasmas.
EP11717926A 2010-02-10 2011-02-03 Spark plug and method for plasma ignition of mixtures containing fuel, in particular in internal combustion engines and internal combustion turbines Withdrawn EP2561589A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010000349 DE102010000349B3 (en) 2010-02-10 2010-02-10 Spark plug for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures in internal combustion engines and internal combustion turbines, comprises a central electrode, a ground electrode, and a coil which is connected to ground with its one end
DE201010016744 DE102010016744A1 (en) 2010-05-03 2010-05-03 Spark plug for plasma ignition of fuel-containing mixtures in internal combustion engines and internal combustion turbines, comprises a central electrode, a ground electrode, and a coil which is connected to ground with its one end
PCT/DE2011/000098 WO2011098066A1 (en) 2010-02-10 2011-02-03 Spark plug and method for plasma ignition of mixtures containing fuel, in particular in internal combustion engines and internal combustion turbines

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CN112412629B (en) * 2020-11-27 2022-09-20 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 Adjustable telescopic automatic control igniter device

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US1674977A (en) * 1926-05-29 1928-06-26 Michael Ludgin Spark plug
GB444439A (en) * 1934-08-11 1936-03-20 Martin O Marra Improved sparking-plug with renewable electrodes for internal combustion engines
US4471732A (en) 1983-07-20 1984-09-18 Luigi Tozzi Plasma jet ignition apparatus
US5469013A (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-11-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Large discharge-volume, silent discharge spark plug
DE10037536C2 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-11-21 Daimler Chrysler Ag Method and device for plasma ignition in internal combustion engines

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