EP2559281A1 - Procédé et appareil pour une détection et une allocation de bande passante secondaire - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour une détection et une allocation de bande passante secondaire

Info

Publication number
EP2559281A1
EP2559281A1 EP11768552A EP11768552A EP2559281A1 EP 2559281 A1 EP2559281 A1 EP 2559281A1 EP 11768552 A EP11768552 A EP 11768552A EP 11768552 A EP11768552 A EP 11768552A EP 2559281 A1 EP2559281 A1 EP 2559281A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bandwidth
primary device
allocation
available
bandwidth allocation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11768552A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2559281A4 (fr
Inventor
Matti Pikkarainen
Sami-Jukka Hakola
Timo Koskela
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Nokia Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Oyj filed Critical Nokia Oyj
Publication of EP2559281A1 publication Critical patent/EP2559281A1/fr
Publication of EP2559281A4 publication Critical patent/EP2559281A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal

Definitions

  • the present application relates generally to a method and apparatus for secondary bandwidth detection and allocation.
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-advance
  • some network system may be primary systems and some secondary systems. While a primary system user or device may use all or part of allocated frequency spectrum resources to meet its application needs, a secondary system user or device may engage in opportunistic usage of radio spectrum resources of the primary system.
  • a secondary system user may utilize spectrum of the primary system opportunistically provided that the secondary system user does not degrade performance of or interfere with the primary user.
  • a LTE user equipment may be a primary user
  • a secondary user may be a machine device with wireless communication capabilities.
  • a method comprises monitoring a bandwidth allocation of a primary device via monitoring at least one broadcast message sent from an associated base station; determining whether a secondary bandwidth is available based on the monitored bandwidth allocation of the primary device; allocating the secondary bandwidth to a secondary application on a secondary device if the secondary bandwidth becomes available; keeping track of changes in the bandwidth allocation of the primary device; and returning the secondary bandwidth to the primary device when the changes in the bandwidth allocation of the primary device indicates a need for the secondary bandwidth by the primary device.
  • an apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code.
  • the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: monitoring a bandwidth allocation of a primary device via monitoring at least one broadcast message sent from an associated base station; determining whether a secondary bandwidth is available based on the monitored bandwidth allocation of the primary device; allocating the secondary bandwidth to a secondary application on a secondary device if the secondary bandwidth becomes available; keeping track of changes in the bandwidth allocation of the primary device; and returning the secondary bandwidth to the primary device when the changes in the bandwidth allocation of the primary device indicates a need for the secondary bandwidth by the primary device.
  • an apparatus comprises a secondary bandwidth module configured to determine whether a secondary bandwidth is available based on a bandwidth allocation to a primary device; and construct a field in a broadcast message indicating whether the secondary bandwidth is available.
  • the apparatus also comprises an interface module configured to send the broadcast message including the indicator indicating whether the secondary bandwidth is available.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates an example wireless network with a secondary bandwidth detection capability in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates an example method for secondary bandwidth detection and allocation in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an example primary bandwidth allocation and a secondary bandwidth allocation in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates an example method for secondary bandwidth allocation in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates an example apparatus for carrying out secondary bandwidth detection and allocation in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates an example wireless apparatus in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURES 1 through 6 of the drawings An example embodiment of the present invention and its potential advantages are understood by referring to FIGURES 1 through 6 of the drawings.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 with a secondary bandwidth detection and allocation capability in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the network 100 includes a base station 110, a user equipment (UE) 102, a machine device 104 that is equipped with wireless communication capabilities, and a second user equipment 106.
  • the base station 110 has active wireless connections with the user equipments 102 and 106 and an example of the base station 110 may be a long-term evolution (LTE) base station Node B (eNB).
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • eNB base station Node B
  • the machine device 104 has an active wireless connection with the user equipment 102.
  • the user equipment 102 is a 4 th generation (4G) mobile station that is configured with a capability to communicate with the machine device 104 in a device to device (D2D) or ad-hoc communication mode.
  • the user equipment 106 is in an active communication session with the base station 110.
  • the base station 110 may instruct the user equipment 106 to shrink the allocated bandwidth around a center frequency without affecting service quality when the network traffic is relatively low or some other conditions are met.
  • the user equipment 102 may monitor the bandwidth allocation changes in the cell on a continuing basis to detect an available secondary bandwidth.
  • a secondary bandwidth module of the UE 102 may determine that residual bandwidth left available by the UE 106 is available for a secondary user.
  • the UE 102 at the same time happens to have a need to communicate with the machine device 104.
  • the machine device 104 may be a TV or an appliance such as a refrigerator or a wash machine that is equipped to communicate wirelessly with the UE 102.
  • the UE 102 may allocate the residual secondary bandwidth to a secondary application which may use the secondary bandwidth to engage in a short communication session with the machine device 104.
  • the bandwidth need of the UE 106 may increase to its original allocation.
  • the secondary bandwidth module of the UE 102 may terminate the use of the secondary bandwidth and returns the residual bandwidth to the UE 106.
  • the UE 102 may be a primary device and secondary device at the same time. To allow local machine-to-machine communication or sensor network communication it may be feasible that a secondary device such as UE 102 may use spectrum without a need for signaling the base station 110. This may enable power saving by the machines/devices and prevent extensive signaling between the base station 110 and potentially a large number of machines or devices in a cellular network.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates an example method 200 for secondary bandwidth detection and allocation in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the method 200 includes monitoring bandwidth allocation to a primary device at block 202, determining whether a secondary bandwidth is available at block 204, and allocating the available secondary bandwidth to a secondary device at block 206.
  • the method 200 also includes keeping track of changes of bandwidth allocation to the primary device at 208 and returning the secondary bandwidth to the primary device at block 210.
  • monitoring at a secondary device the bandwidth allocation to the primary device at block 202 may include monitoring broadcast messages sent from an associated base station. Monitoring the broadcast message may include receiving the broadcast message, decoding at least one of a main information block (MIB), a system information block (SIB) and a second system information block (SIB2) included in the broadcast message sent from the associated base station.
  • the associate base station is one of a LTE eNodeB or a generic fourth generation wireless base station.
  • the secondary device may decode the MIB or SIB information and keep track of a current cell ID and a current bandwidth configuration combination. To help detect the bandwidth allocation change, the secondary device may store a maximum bandwidth configuration per detected cell in a register.
  • determining whether the secondary bandwidth is available at block 204 may include determining that the secondary bandwidth is available based on an indicator in the received SIB message.
  • the base station inserts an indicator in the MIB or SIB message to indicate whether a secondary bandwidth is available since the base station has the knowledge of bandwidth allocation changes.
  • determining whether the secondary bandwidth is available at block 204 at the secondary device may include decoding the SIB or MIB information and reading the indicator of whether the secondary bandwidth is available.
  • the indicator in the SIB message may further include a single bit indicating whether a 20 mega hertz bandwidth is available in a current cell.
  • the secondary device may autonomously determine whether secondary bandwidth is available.
  • determining whether the secondary bandwidth is available at block 204 may include comparing an uplink bandwidth allocation with a downlink bandwidth allocation and determining that the secondary bandwidth is available if the uplink bandwidth allocation is sufficiently less than the downlink bandwidth allocation for the primary device.
  • the secondary bandwidths are the bandwidths on the edges of a frequency resource allocated around a center frequency to the primary device.
  • determining whether the secondary bandwidth is available at block 204 may include detecting that edges of the bandwidth allocated to the primary device are unused by the primary device upon detecting that the current bandwidth configuration is less in the current cell than a previous bandwidth configuration stored in the register.
  • allocating the available secondary bandwidth to a secondary device at block 206 may include assigning the secondary bandwidth to a secondary application on a secondary device.
  • the secondary application may include a communication to a D2D device, a machine device or a sensor network node.
  • the secondary application is normally short, with a simple communication protocol without signaling to an associated base station and may be interrupted at any time, if the secondary bandwidth is returned to the primary device.
  • the secondary device is authenticated by the associated network so it may receive the broadcast messages from the associated base station. In some cases, the primary device and secondary device may be the same device.
  • keeping track of bandwidth allocation change of the primary device at 208 is similar to monitoring the primary device's bandwidth allocations and thus may include receiving and decoding broadcast messages sent by the associated base station and detecting a bandwidth allocation change to the primary device. Keeping track of bandwidth allocation change of the primary device at 208 may also include updating the current bandwidth allocation in the register for each detected primary device in each detected cell.
  • returning the secondary bandwidth to the primary device at block 210 may include terminating the use of secondary bandwidth by the secondary device and making available to the primary device the secondary bandwidth. This may take place either when the primary device has a need for the secondary bandwidth or when an interference from using the secondary bandwidth reaches such a level that the primary device is affected.
  • the method 200 may be implemented in the UE 102 of FIGURE 1 or by the apparatus 600 of FIGURE 6.
  • the method 200 is for illustration only and the steps of the method 200 may be combined, divided, or executed in a different order than illustrated, without departing from the scope of the invention of this example embodiment.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an example bandwidth allocation 300 in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the bandwidth allocation 300 includes a primary bandwidth allocation 302 and two secondary bandwidth allocations 304a and 304b.
  • the primary bandwidth may be centered on a center frequency 308 within a maximum system bandwidth.
  • the primary device may shrink its allocated bandwidth around the center frequency 308 for the purpose of power conservation upon receiving an instruction from the associated base station or on its own initiative. As a result, the residual secondary bandwidths 304a and 304b become available for some secondary devices.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates an example method 400 for secondary bandwidth allocation in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the method 400 includes determining whether a secondary bandwidth is available at block 402, and constructing a field indicating whether the secondary bandwidth is available at block 404.
  • the method 400 may also include sending out the broadcast message at a fixed interval at block 406 and reallocating the secondary bandwidth when needs arise at block 408.
  • determining whether a secondary bandwidth is available at block 402 may include determining at an associated base station whether the secondary bandwidth is available based on stored current bandwidth allocation data and changes of primary device bandwidth allocations. Since the base station is responsible for allocating resources to the primary devices, the base station has the knowledge of the previous resource allocation and the current resource allocation. If the current resource allocation is less than the previous resource allocation, the secondary bandwidth may become available.
  • constructing a field in a broadcast message indicating whether the secondary bandwidth is available at block 404 may include creating a field in a main information block (MIB) of the broadcast message and indicate whether the secondary bandwidth is available.
  • MIB main information block
  • LTE Evolution Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) radio resource control (RRC) protocol message may be used to convey the information of the secondary bandwidth allocation.
  • the RRC message may include system information, which is divided into the field MasterlnformationBlock (MIB) and a number of fields SystemlnformationBlocks (SIBs).
  • MIB MasterlnformationBlock
  • SIBs SystemlnformationBlocks
  • the MIB includes a limited number of essential and frequently transmitted parameters that are needed to acquire other information from the cell, and is transmitted on a broadcast channel.
  • SIB fields other than the field SystemlnformationBlockTypel(SIBl) are carried in the Systemlnformation (SI) messages and mapping of the SIB fields to the SI messages may be flexibly configurable by a field schedulinglnfoList included in the field SystemlnformationBlockTypel .
  • Some restrictions may apply to the SIB related information. For example, each SIB field is contained only in a single SI message, only the SIB fields having the same scheduling requirement (periodicity) may be mapped to the same SI message, and the field
  • SystemInformationBlockType2 is always mapped to the SI message that corresponds to the first entry in the list of the SI messages in the field schedulinglnfoList. There may be multiple SI messages transmitted with the same periodicity.
  • the field SystemlnformationBlockTypel and all SI messages may be transmitted on downlink shared channel (DL-SCH).
  • the MIB field of the LTE E-UTRA radio resource control (RRC) protocol message may be modified to include a "dl (downline- bandwidth" field indicating whether the downlink bandwidth in resource blocks is available, where one resource block includes 12 subcarriers.
  • n6 may represent 6 resource blocks
  • nl5 represents 15 resource blocks, etc.
  • the MIB data may be transmitted from the associated base station every 40 milliseconds (ms) and may contain 14 information bits and 10 spare bits. Since the MIB data is transmitted frequently, the amount of data bits in each MIB is relatively small.
  • the 10 spare bits may be used to provide information on system-wide bandwidth allocation or deployment configuration. One of the 10 spare bits, a secondary-bandwidth flag, may be used to indicate that whether the cell has 100 subcarriers or 20 megahertz bandwidth available.
  • the system-wide deployment bandwidth may be indicated by three bits to indicate the number of carriers such as nl5, n25, n50, n75, and n 100 in the MIB as shown in Table 1.
  • the use of secondary bandwidth may take place when the deployment bandwidths are less than 20 MHz but above the minimum deployment bandwidth of 1.4MHz.
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • a RRC message may be used to indicate uplink bandwidth allocation.
  • the E-UTRA RRC specification defines the following format for a SIB2 field, depicted in Table 2 below, which includes some example fields.
  • the uplink (UL) bandwidth of the cell is indicated in the "ul-Bandwidth" field.
  • Table 2 shows 6 options, similarly to the MIB downlink bandwidth field (n6 indicating 6 resource blocks, etc.), and the field is optional. If the field is absent, the uplink bandwidth allocation is equal to the downlink bandwidth allocation.
  • the secondary device may obtain the following information from a SIB2 field included in the RRC message to detect the bandwidth allocation change of the primary device: a) the cell's total bandwidth; and b) the presence or absence of the optional field.
  • the example SIB2 field may provide more flexibility for indicating more precisely the amount of secondary bandwidth that may be available for a secondary device.
  • sending out the broadcast message at a fixed interval at block 406 may include sending out an LTE broadcast message including SIB2 fields and MIB contents.
  • reallocating the secondary bandwidth at block 408 when needs arise may include re-assigning the secondary bandwidth to the primary device, the secondary bandwidth that was previously allocated to the secondary device. Reallocating the secondary bandwidth at block 408 may also include updating the resource allocation register to record the current resource allocation.
  • the method 400 may be implemented in the base station 110 of FIGURE 1 or by the apparatus 500 of FIGURE 5.
  • the method 400 is for illustration only and the steps of the method 400 may be combined, divided, or executed in a different order than illustrated, without departing from the scope of the invention of this example embodiment
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates an example apparatus 500 for carrying out secondary bandwidth detection and allocation in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the apparatus 500 includes an interface module 502, a secondary bandwidth module 504, and a resource allocation module 506.
  • the interface module 502 is configured to send broadcast messages that may include an indicator indicating whether the secondary bandwidth is available.
  • the resource allocation module 506 is configured to allocate resources to associated UEs and keep track of the resource allocations in its local register or database.
  • the secondary bandwidth module 504 may be configured to determine whether a secondary bandwidth is available based on resource allocations to a primary device, and construct a field in a broadcast message indicating whether the secondary bandwidth is available. In one example embodiment, the secondary bandwidth module 504 may be configured to compare a LTE downlink bandwidth allocation with an uplink allocation for the primary device and determine that the secondary bandwidth is available if the uplink allocation is sufficiently less than the downlink allocation. The secondary bandwidth module 504 may also be configured to instruct the primary device to shrink allocated bandwidth around a center frequency or shift center frequency for power saving purpose when an active application does not have a need for the entire allocated bandwidth and may reallocate the secondary bandwidth to the primary device when the primary device increases its bandwidth allocation. The secondary bandwidth module 504 may also be configured to cause a second broadcast message to be sent, indicating that the secondary bandwidth is re-allocated to the primary device.
  • the apparatus 500 may be part of the base station 110 of FIGURE 1 or other network node.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates one example of a secondary bandwidth apparatus, various changes may be made to the apparatus 500 without departing from the principles of the invention.
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates an example wireless apparatus in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the wireless apparatus 600 may include a processor 615, a memory 614 coupled to the processor 615, and a suitable transceiver 613 (having a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX)) coupled to the processor 615, coupled to an antenna unit 618.
  • the memory 614 may store programs such as a secondary bandwidth module 612.
  • the wireless apparatus 600 may be at least part of a generic 4 th generation mobile station, or an LTE compliant user equipment.
  • the processor 615 may operate to control the various components of the wireless apparatus 600 in accordance with embedded software or firmware stored in memory 614 or stored in memory contained within the processor 615 itself.
  • the processor 615 may execute other applications or application modules stored in the memory 614 or made available via wireless network communications.
  • the application software may comprise a compiled set of machine-readable instructions that configures the processor 615 to provide the desired functionality, or the application software may be high-level software instructions to be processed by an interpreter or compiler to indirectly configure the processor 615.
  • the secondary bandwidth module 612 may be configured to monitor a bandwidth allocation of a primary device via monitoring at least one broadcast message sent from an associated base station, determine whether a secondary bandwidth is available based on the monitored bandwidth allocation of the primary device, and allocate the available secondary bandwidth to a secondary application on a secondary device.
  • the secondary bandwidth module 612 is also configured to keep track of changes in the bandwidth allocation of the primary device, and return the secondary bandwidth to the primary device when the changes in the bandwidth allocation of the primary device indicates a need for the secondary bandwidth by the primary device.
  • the transceiver 613 is for bidirectional wireless communications with another wireless device.
  • the transceiver 613 may provide frequency shifting, converting received RF signals to baseband and converting baseband transmit signals to RF, for example.
  • a radio transceiver or RF transceiver may be understood to include other signal processing functionality such as modulation/demodulation, coding/decoding, interleaving/deinterleaving, spreading/despreading, inverse fast fourier transforming (IFFT)/fast fourier transforming (FFT), cyclic prefix appending/removal, and other signal processing functions.
  • IFFT inverse fast fourier transforming
  • FFT fast fourier transforming
  • the transceiver 613, portions of the antenna unit 618, and an analog baseband processing unit may be combined in one or more processing units and/or application specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • Parts of the transceiver may be implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or
  • the antenna unit 618 may be provided to convert between wireless signals and electrical signals, enabling the wireless apparatus 600 to send and receive information from a cellular network or some other available wireless
  • the antenna unit 618 may include multiple antennas to support beam forming and/or multiple input multiple output (MIMO) operations.
  • MIMO operations may provide spatial diversity and multiple parallel channels which can be used to overcome difficult channel conditions and/or increase channel throughput.
  • the antenna unit 618 may include antenna tuning and/or impedance matching components, RF power amplifiers, and/or low noise amplifiers.
  • the wireless apparatus 600 may further include a measurement unit 616, which measures the signal strength level that is received from another wireless device, and compare the measurements with a configured threshold.
  • the measurement unit may be utilized by the wireless apparatus 600 in conjunction with various exemplary embodiments of the invention, as described herein.
  • the wireless apparatus 600 may include, but are not limited to, part of a user equipment, or a wireless device such as a portable computer having wireless communication capabilities, Internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.
  • the wireless apparatus 600 may be implemented in the UEs 102 or 106 of FIGURE 1.
  • a technical effect of one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein is to enable an efficient and flexible bandwidth allocation by allowing the secondary bandwidth to be used in a newer generation of network such as LTE-A network with minimal assistance from the network. Another technical effect is to allow the base station and UEs to conserve power while the radio resources could be efficiently used by the secondary devices.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in software, hardware, application logic or a combination of software, hardware and application logic.
  • the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on a user equipment, a base station or an access point. If desired, part of the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on access point, part of the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on a network element such as a UE, and part of the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on a peer network element such as a base station or an access point.
  • the application logic, software or an instruction set is maintained on any one of various conventional computer-readable media.
  • a "computer-readable medium” may be any media or means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer, with one example of a computer described and depicted in FIGURE 5.
  • a computer-readable medium may comprise a computer-readable storage medium that may be any media or means that can contain or store the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer.
  • the different functions discussed herein may be performed in a different order and/or concurrently with each other. Furthermore, if desired, one or more of the above-described functions may be optional or may be combined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Conformément à un mode de réalisation à titre d'exemple de la présente invention, l'invention porte sur un procédé qui comprend la surveillance d'une allocation de bande passante d'un dispositif primaire par l'intermédiaire de la surveillance d'au moins un message de diffusion envoyé à partir d'une station de base associée; la détermination du point de savoir si une bande passante secondaire est disponible sur la base de l'allocation de bande passante surveillée du dispositif primaire; l'allocation de la bande passante secondaire à une application secondaire sur un dispositif secondaire si la bande passante secondaire devient disponible; le suivi de changements de l'allocation de bande passante du dispositif primaire; et le renvoi de la bande passante secondaire au dispositif primaire lorsque les changements d'allocation de bande passante du dispositif primaire indiquent un besoin de bande passante secondaire par le dispositif primaire.
EP11768552.9A 2010-04-15 2011-04-15 Procédé et appareil pour une détection et une allocation de bande passante secondaire Withdrawn EP2559281A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/761,384 US9055512B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2010-04-15 Methods and apparatus for secondary bandwidth detection and allocation
PCT/IB2011/051652 WO2011128879A1 (fr) 2010-04-15 2011-04-15 Procédé et appareil pour une détection et une allocation de bande passante secondaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2559281A1 true EP2559281A1 (fr) 2013-02-20
EP2559281A4 EP2559281A4 (fr) 2016-11-30

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US (1) US9055512B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2559281A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN102972058A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011128879A1 (fr)

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US9055512B2 (en) 2015-06-09

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