EP2559099A1 - Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen vernetzung von geräten der automatisierungstechnik - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen vernetzung von geräten der automatisierungstechnikInfo
- Publication number
- EP2559099A1 EP2559099A1 EP11714277A EP11714277A EP2559099A1 EP 2559099 A1 EP2559099 A1 EP 2559099A1 EP 11714277 A EP11714277 A EP 11714277A EP 11714277 A EP11714277 A EP 11714277A EP 2559099 A1 EP2559099 A1 EP 2559099A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- coupler
- antenna
- connection point
- attenuation factor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
- H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
- H01P5/227—90° branch line couplers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for wireless networking of devices of automation technology, in particular for networking of sensors, actuators and at least one common control unit, with a first connection point for feeding an RF transmission signal from an RF transmitter and providing an RF Receive signal from an antenna having a second connection point leading to the antenna and a signal coupler disposed between the first and second connection points to transmit the RF transmission signal from the first connection point to the antenna and the RF Receive signal from the antenna to the first connection point.
- Such a device is known from DE 10 2007 058 258 AI.
- sensors and actuators for controlling an automated system spatially away from a control unit to be arranged, which processes sensor data from the sensors and generated in response to this actuator data with which the actuators are controlled.
- Actuators are, for example, electric drives, solenoid valves or contactors with which a load current can be switched on or off. Sensors detect plant or process conditions, such as the speed of an electric drive, the operation of a button, the temperature of a substance or the opening state of a door.
- the sensors and actuators are distributed in an automated system, while the control unit is arranged at a central point.
- control units and actuators communication networks are now used, which allow flexible data communication.
- Current communication networks are based on similar technologies that are also used to network computers in Home and office applications are used.
- sensor and actuator data control data
- control data usually have to be transmitted with very tight time tolerances in order to allow a fast response of the control unit to changes in the controlled equipment or process guarantee. This is particularly true when security relevant control data is transferred and processed, on which the health or even the life of a plant operator depends, for example, when switching off an electric drive in response to the actuation of an emergency stop button.
- the receiver can switch between the different receiving antennas and thus react to different reception conditions.
- the above-mentioned DE 10 2007 058 258 AI proposes a device with an antenna switch, which selectively connects a signal path for transmitting a high-frequency signal to a first or a second antenna, wherein a low-frequency switching signal for the antenna switch from successive signal packets of a RF transmission signal is generated. Since the communication between the sensors, actuators and control units of the automated system takes place cyclically within defined time intervals, the proposed antenna switch automatically switches between the antennas at regular time intervals.
- the device enables in a very cost-effective manner, a higher availability and reliability in the wireless networking of devices of automation technology.
- this object is achieved by a device of the type mentioned, wherein the signal coupler a variable coupling loss having a first and at least a second attenuation factor, wherein the first attenuation factor is smaller than the second attenuation factor, and wherein the signal coupler transmits the RF transmit signal with the first attenuation factor and the RF transmit signal with the second attenuation factor.
- the new device has a signal coupler which is arranged between the antenna and the transmitter / receiver of a communication subscriber.
- the signal coupler transmits both the outgoing transmit signal and the incoming receive signal. It attenuates the transmit signal transmitted from the RF transmitter to the antenna, but more than an incoming receive signal, which is transmitted in the opposite direction from the antenna to the receiver.
- the signal coupler has a coupling loss, which depends on the signal power applied to the signal coupler, i. from the RF power transmitted via the signal coupler, automatically switches between the smaller first attenuation factor and the larger second attenuation factor.
- the RF transmit signal and the RF receive signal are thus influenced differently by the signal coupler, wherein the coupling loss of the signal coupler is variably adjustable.
- high signal power automatically causes the signal coupler to take on the larger second attenuation factor, while low signal power automatically results in the smaller first attenuation factor.
- the device makes it possible to use a common antenna both for transmitting RF transmission signals and for receiving RF reception signals, which is advantageous for space and cost reasons.
- a disadvantage of a common transmitting and receiving antenna is that each optimization of the antenna for the transmission case alike affects the reception case and vice versa.
- the RF received signal at an antenna due to the distance already traveled by the remote transmitter by several orders of magnitude weaker than an RF transmission signal which is emitted via the same antenna.
- the new device uses this asymmetry and allows constructive designs of the antenna, which contribute specifically to the suppression of multipath reflections.
- the new device allows the use of directional antennas instead of the omnidirectional rod antennas traditionally used in the field.
- a directional antenna does not emit an RF transmission signal uniformly in all directions. Rather, it has one or more preferred directions (so-called radiation lobes), in which the vast majority of the RF transmission power is bundled. In areas that are located away from the radiation lobes, comparatively little RF transmission power is radiated. Often, the beam directions away from the radiation lobes in the far field of the antenna can be completely neglected. Conversely, a directional antenna receives RF reception signals over the radiation lobes much more than off the radiation lobes.
- This directivity of directional antennas can be used advantageously in the wireless transmission of communication signals in areas with problematic multipath propagation by aligning the transmitting and / or receiving antennas of the two communication participants with their main lobes to each other. Furthermore, solid angles, from which the multipath propagation is particularly problematic, can to a certain extent be "faded out” with directional antennas. Therefore, directional antennas can be used very advantageously for optimizing a wireless communication connection.
- a directional antenna on a conventional transmitter for the wireless networking of automation technology devices can not be readily used without the transmitter in the main radiation direction of the antenna exceeding the legal limit values for the maximum radiated power.
- the conventional transmitters usually have a transmission power which, when using an omnidirectional antenna, is just within the permitted limits.
- the transmitting power of the transmitter itself is not increased by the directional antenna, however, the total available transmission power is bundled in the main beam direction and thus exceeds the legal limits in the main beam direction. Therefore, if you wanted to use a directional antenna instead of the typically used omnidirectional antenna to optimize the communication links in a workshop, you had to insert an additional attenuator externally in the signal path between the antenna and the transmitter output stage to comply with the legal limits.
- such an attenuator also attenuates the - already very weak - receive signals, so that the advantage that would be possible with a directional antenna in itself, would be practically nullified by the inserted attenuator.
- the new device now makes it possible to use a single directional antenna with an antenna gain greater than zero compared to a conventional rod antenna without the achievable by the antenna gain advantage is nullified by inserting a direction-independent attenuator.
- the signal coupler of the new device transmits the high-power RF transmit signal to the antenna at a relatively high attenuation factor. He can thus on the radiated from the directional antenna RF transmit power in the main lobe the permissible limits are affected.
- the same signal coupler transmits an RF receive signal from the antenna with a low attenuation factor, so that the receiver benefits from the overall higher signal strength due to the antenna gain.
- the first attenuation factor is significantly smaller than the antenna gain of the directional antenna used.
- solid angles, from which strong multipath reflections originate can be faded out with a directional antenna.
- the new device can be placed very advantageous in the signal path between the antenna and the antenna connector of the communication subscriber.
- This makes it possible to use the new device with a conventional transceiver which is actually designed for use with a rod antenna in terms of its radiated transmit power.
- the new device allows the advantageous use of a common directional antenna for the transmission and reception case together with a conventional transmitting and receiving device, the legal provisions can be guaranteed in terms of the maximum radiated transmission power in all directions, without the advantage of the directional antenna in Rejecting reception case.
- the new device is therefore an advantageous complement or even a substitute for other measures that serve to realize a stable wireless communication link in environments with strong multipath propagation.
- variable coupling loss can be realized very easily and inexpensively with a signal coupler in the signal path between the two connection points, as shown below with reference to a preferred embodiment.
- the new device including the signal coupler, may be integrated into the mechanical design of the antenna, such that the user only needs to connect "a new directional antenna" including the new device to an existing transceiver to enjoy the benefits of the present invention Benefits to come.
- the new device can therefore be used advantageously in existing wireless communication networks to improve the availability and stability of wireless communication.
- the antenna has a defined antenna gain, wherein the second attenuation factor is approximately equal to the defined antenna gain.
- the antenna gain is generally the ratio of the beam strength (and equally receive strength) of a directional antenna in the main beam direction with respect to the beam / Empf angposition an omnidirectional omnidirectional antenna.
- the antenna gain is given relative to an ideal shot-blaster, i. relative to an antenna that radiates uniformly in all spatial directions (in elevation and azimuth).
- a spherical radiator is an ideal model that actually does not exist.
- the second attenuation factor is approximately equal to the antenna gain that can be realized by using a directional antenna instead of a rod antenna or dipole antenna.
- the antenna has a defined antenna gain greater than zero relative to a rod antenna.
- the embodiment has the advantage that the increased transmission power in the beam direction is largely equalized by the second attenuation factor of the signal coupler.
- the design helps to ensure compliance with legal requirements with respect to the maximum radiated transmit power for all solid angles, but also not lower than necessary.
- the directional antenna includes the new device, ie the directional antenna and the device are a structural unit that only needs to be connected via an antenna cable and / or an antenna socket with a transceiver.
- the antenna gain of the directional antenna used is known, and the second attenuation factor corresponds in magnitude to the known antenna gain of the antenna relative to a rod antenna.
- the new device can be realized separately from the directional antenna used.
- the signal coupler has a plurality of second damping factors, which can be selected and set in defined stages or continuously.
- the new device can thus be adapted to different directional antennas with individual antenna gains.
- the signal coupler has a first coupler port, a second coupler port and at least a third coupler port, wherein the first coupler port is connected to the first connection point, wherein the second coupler port is connected to the second connection point, and wherein the third coupler port is connected to a device with an impedance that is variably adjustable, wherein the coupling loss of the signal coupler depends on the impedance of the device.
- the device is a varactor diode with a junction capacitance, which can be varied via an externally supplied control voltage.
- the component can also be realized in other ways, for example as an electrical circuit having one or more active components.
- the design allows a very simple, inexpensive and above all low-power setting of the attenuation factor of the new device.
- the capacitance (and thus the impedance) of a varactor diode can be varied with a low control voltage.
- the impedance of the building elements are changed over more than two stages, which allows a multi-level adjustment of the coupling loss.
- Signal couplers with at least three coupler terminals can be implemented quite simply and inexpensively in high-frequency circuits.
- the component has a basic impedance value, which is chosen so that the signal coupler has the first attenuation factor as the default factor.
- the signal coupler without the control voltage on the component has the smaller first attenuation factor, which is preferably as low as possible.
- the signal coupler is thus dimensioned in the standard case (default case) for the reception of an RF receive signal. Only when an RF transmit signal is to be radiated is the attenuation factor changed by adjusting the impedance of the device to a defined impedance value that deviates from the impedance baseline. By adjusting the deviating impedance value, the degree of coupling of the signal coupler is changed. As a result, the conditions with which a signal is transmitted from one coupler port to the other coupler ports vary.
- the impedance change of the component thus changes the signal distribution within the signal coupler and, as a result, the attenuation factor with which an applied RF transmit signal or RF receive signal is transmitted between the external connection points.
- the preferred embodiment has the advantage that the low first damping factor automatically always exists when the component receives no control signal. Therefore, the damping factor required for the reception case can be adjusted without power. Only for the transmission case, a control signal is required. However, at least the RF transmission power is available in the transmission case, which is advantageously used in some embodiments for generating the control signal.
- the device has a first control circuit for generating a first control signal, which is designed to adjust the impedance of the device so that the signal coupler has the second attenuation factor.
- control circuit for generating the control signal for the device is a component of the device.
- a control circuit could be realized separately from the device to control the switching from the first damping factor to the second damping factor from the outside.
- the integration of the control circuit in the device has the advantage that the device can be operated independently.
- this embodiment facilitates the integration of the new device in an antenna, which allows a very simple and robust installation.
- control circuit automatically generates the first control signal in each case when the signal coupler transmits the RF transmission signal.
- the control circuit can detect the RF transmission signal, for example, the signal strength at a defined measuring point.
- the control circuit includes an envelope and threshold detector which branches an envelope signal from the RF transmit signal having a lower signal frequency compared to the RF frequency of the RF transmit signal. This envelope signal signals with a pulse when the RF transmit signal is applied to the signal coupler. With the aid of the envelope signal, the impedance of the component is advantageously changed in order to set the second attenuation factor. The design ensures that the RF transmit signal is automatically transmitted with the larger second attenuation factor. Thus, the design contributes to ensuring compliance with legal limits for the maximum allowable radiation power of a wireless communication link.
- the RF transmission signal has a variable transmission power, wherein the control circuit is adapted to generate the control signal in approximately proportional to the variable signal power.
- control signal is preferably derived from the RF transmission signal itself.
- control circuit has a temperature compensation that helps to maintain the proportional dependence of the control signal on the RF transmit signal power.
- the proportional dependence preferably exists for the predominant part of the working range in which the transmission signal power of the RF transmission signal can vary.
- an average value of the envelope signal is determined, and this average value forms the control signal.
- the third coupler terminal is connected to a rectifier circuit which converts an AC voltage applied to the third coupler terminal into a buffered DC voltage.
- the buffered DC voltage advantageously serves as the operating voltage for the active components of the new device.
- the embodiment uses a characteristic feature in the wireless communication of devices of automation technology, namely the usually cyclically recurring transmission pulses.
- the mismatch of the signal coupler at the second coupler port, which is generated with the aid of the component, results in the excess HF transmit signal power being supplied to the third coupler port is supplied. There, it is advantageously converted into the buffered DC voltage, which serves as the operating voltage for the supply of active components of the device.
- the embodiment enables a self-sufficient operation of the new device without an externally supplied operating voltage.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the new device is structurally integrated into a directional antenna, since the directional antenna with the integrated device requires only one RF antenna connection despite active components. At the same time signal interference is avoided, which can easily occur if one would try to feed an external operating voltage via the one antenna connection.
- the signal coupler on two third coupler terminals which are brought together in phase at a summation point.
- the signal coupler has at least four coupler terminals.
- the signal coupler has exactly four coupler ports, of which the first and second coupler ports are connected to the first and second ports, respectively.
- the "two third" coupler connections serve to divert the excess RF transmit signal power.
- the use of two third coupler terminals, which are brought together in phase at the summation point, allows a high efficiency, especially in the advantageous generation of the buffered DC voltage.
- the signal coupler is a sprout coupler (so-called branch line coupler or 90 ° hybrid).
- branch line coupler or 90 ° hybrid
- Particularly advantageous is a three-armed rung coupler, especially if the middle rung is thicker than the two outer rungs.
- Sprout couplers have been found to have the advantageous property that the impedance at the first and second coupler ports changes only relatively little when the impedance of the device at the third coupler port is changed. In other words, the reaction of the impedance change at the third coupler port to the first and second coupler port is relatively small. Therefore, this embodiment contributes to influencing the signal flow between the first connection point and the second connection point only in the context of the desired change in the damping factor.
- the adaptation of the signal coupler to the transmitting and receiving device and the antenna is hardly adversely affected when using a rung coupler.
- the device includes an antenna with a number of first radiator elements, a number of second radiator elements and at least one switching element, wherein the first radiator elements are directly connected to the second connection point, wherein the second radiator elements with the second connection point via the at least one switching element are connected, and wherein the at least one switching element is driven with a second control signal, which is generated from the RF transmission signal.
- the antenna is part of the new device.
- the signal coupler and the other circuit components of the device are structurally integrated into the antenna body.
- the antenna of this embodiment has at least two different radiator elements, one of which is permanently connected to the signal coupler, while the other via a switching element can be selectively connected to the signal coupler or can be separated from the signal coupler. "Direct" in the sense of this embodiment thus concludes It is not to be understood that other components, such as a band-pass filter, may be located between the second terminal and the first radiating element, however, these other components are not switching elements used to alter the beam arrangement second radiating element is always connected to the signal coupler when an RF transmission signal emitted via the antenna becomes.
- the second radiator element In the case of reception, the second radiator element is "switched off” via the switching element, ie it does not supply a signal contribution to the signal coupler.
- the at least one second radiating element is always (only) connected to the signal coupler when an RF reception signal is received via the antenna, when emitting an RF transmission signal, the at least one second radiator element is separated from the transmission signal via the switching element.
- this embodiment enables further optimization of the transmission and reception characteristics for controlling communication disturbances due to multipath propagation.
- the switching between the different directional characteristics of the antenna also takes place automatically in response to the RF transmission signal. It is particularly advantageous if the operating voltage required for generating the second control signal is generated from the RF transmission signal in this embodiment, as has already been mentioned above. In addition to the directional damping of the RF signals, the directional characteristic of the antenna and thus the antenna gain are now also changed.
- the antenna radiates the new device in the transmission case with a lower antenna gain in a wider range of space, while it works in the case of reception with a higher antenna gain and accordingly receives only signals from a narrower solid angle range.
- This variant can be realized simply by adding the second radiator elements in the transmission case.
- the reverse variant is also conceivable, ie the antenna is operated in the case of reception with a lower antenna gain and in the transmission case with a higher antenna gain (narrower directional characteristic).
- the directional characteristic is changed in the elevation.
- the radiating elements are patch radiating elements which radiate and receive with circular polarization.
- the radiation lerimplantation have a predominantly horizontal polarization or a predominantly vertical polarization.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified representation of a control system for automated control of a technical system, wherein a control unit is wirelessly networked with sensors and actuators and wherein the new device for controlling multipath propagation is used,
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the new device
- Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a signal coupler with variable coupling loss for the device of Fig. 2.
- a control system for automated control of a technical system in its entirety is designated by the reference numeral 10.
- the control system 10 includes a control unit 12, for example in the form of a programmable logic controller, and a number of signal units 14, 16, 18.
- the signal units 14, 16, 18 are arranged spatially remote from the control unit 12 and communicate wirelessly with the control unit 12 via radio signals
- the control unit 12 can also be connected to other signal units (not shown here) via network lines.
- the control system 10 may include a plurality of control units 12 distributed and communicating with each other wirelessly and / or via network cables.
- the control system 10 is for controlling a crane installation located in a workshop.
- control system controls a production line with robots, machine tools, conveyor belts, packaging machines and others.
- the new device can be used in all technical systems in which control and / or signal units communicate wirelessly with each other.
- the new device is preferably used in control units and / or signal units which communicate cyclically predominantly or exclusively at fixed time intervals.
- the control and / or signal units exchange only a few data telegrams in each communication cycle.
- the control unit sends exactly one data telegram to each signal unit in each cycle, and it receives exactly one data telegram from each signal unit.
- the control unit 12 has a signal and data processing part 20, which is constructed multi-channel redundant in the preferred embodiments.
- the redundant channels are exemplified by two processors 22a, 22b.
- the processors 22a, 22b compare their respective results with one another and / or monitor each other in order to ensure fail-safe signal and data processing in the sense of the standards EN 954-1, IEC 61508 and / or EN ISO 13849-1.
- the control unit 12 is failsafe in the sense of category 3 and higher of EN 954-1 or designed in the sense of comparable requirements, such as SIL 2 according to IEC 61508.
- the control unit 12 further has memories 24, 26, the memory 24 being shown here as read-only memory, while the memory 26 is a read and write memory.
- the memory 24 uses the control unit 12 for buffering data in the course of the signal and data processing.
- a control program, according to which the control unit 12 processes data from the signal units 14, 16, 18, may be stored in one of the memories 24, 26 or in both memories.
- Reference numeral 28 denotes a transmitting and receiving part.
- the transmitting and receiving part 28 includes an RF transmitter 30 and an RF receiver 32.
- Transmitters 30 and receivers 32 are configured to transmit and receive RF signals via one or more antennas 34.
- the frequency of the RF signals is about 2.4 GHz and / or about 5 GHz. In principle, however, other frequency bands are possible.
- the control unit 12 has in the illustrated embodiment, two antennas 34a, 34b, which are alternatively used as both a transmitting antenna and as a receiving antenna.
- a preferred antenna construction for the antennas 34a, 34b is described in DE 2007 058 257 AI.
- the signal units 14, 16, 18 are similar in structure to the control unit 12. Like reference numerals designate like components. In the preferred embodiments, the signal units 14, 16, 18 also have a multi-channel redundant signal and data processing part 20, so that the signal units 14, 16, 18 are fail-safe in the sense of the standards specified above.
- Each signal unit 14, 16, 18 has a transmitting and receiving part 28 and an antenna 35.
- the antenna 35 is part of the new device, as will be explained below with reference to FIG. In other words, the new device is structurally integrated into the body of the antenna 35, and it is merely connected to the transmitting and receiving part 28 via a conventional antenna cable (typically a coaxial cable).
- the signal unit 14 is here connected by way of example to a light grid 36. It controls the light grid 36 and reports the status of the light grid 36 (free or interrupted) to the control unit 12.
- the signal unit 16 is connected to an electric drive 38 and controls the drive 38 in response to actuator data that the signal unit 16 from the control unit 12 receives.
- the signal unit 18 is exemplarily connected to an emergency stop button 40 and reports the state of the emergency stop button 40 (actuated or non-actuated) to the control unit 12.
- the control unit 12 determines the actuator data for the signal unit 16 as a function of the sensor data of the signal units 14, 18. It is understood that the control system 10 extends beyond the signal units 14, 16, 18 and the sensors 36, 40 and actuators 38 shown here Sensors and actuators may include, which are networked to the control unit 12. In particular, it is possible that a signal unit monitors and / or controls a plurality of sensors and / or actuators.
- the control unit 12 communicates with the signal units 14, 16, 18 via radio signals 42, 44.
- FIG. 1 shows an RF transmission signal 42 which the control unit 12 transmits via one of the antennas 34a, 34b.
- the signal unit 16 receives the RF transmit signal 42 from the controller, and generates an RF signal 44 which the controller 12 receives as an RF receive signal. It is understood that each RF transmit signal 42 is an RF receive signal 44 for all other communication participants.
- the RF signals 42, 44 each transport one or more data telegrams 46, in which the sensor and actuator data are included.
- the data telegrams 46 are extracted from the RF receive signals 44 and provided to the signal and data processing part 20.
- the RF transmitter 30 modulates an RF transmit signal 42 such that the data telegram 46 is included in the RF signal.
- the communication between the control unit 12 and the signal units 14, 16, 18 is cyclic at regular defined time intervals, the control unit 12 sequentially addressing the signal units 14, 16, 18 and each waiting for a response. Each signal unit 14, 16, 18 recognizes whether it is addressed or not based on an address contained in the data telegrams 46.
- a preferred embodiment of the new device is designated in its entirety by the reference numeral 50.
- the device 50 has a first connection point 52 and a second connection point 54.
- the device 50 is structurally integrated into the antenna. integrated body, ie, the device 50 includes the antenna 35. Therefore, the second connection point 54 in the present case is not a "visible" connection point in the form of a plug or a socket.
- the first connection point 52 here is an antenna socket to which an antenna cable can be connected.
- the connection point 52 connects the device 50 to both an RF transmitter and an RF receiver. Any required signal separation between the RF transmission signal and the RF reception signal takes place in the preferred embodiments in the transmitting and receiving section 28.
- the antenna 35 has a number of first radiator elements 56 and second radiator elements 58.
- the first radiator elements 54 are permanently connected to the connection point 54.
- the second radiator elements 58 are connected via a switching element 60 to the connection point 54 and can be separated via the switching element 60 from the connection point 54.
- the first and second radiator elements 56, 58 are each substantially square patch elements in a planar matrix of radiator elements in rows and columns.
- Each emitter element 56, 58 has two ports offset by 90 ° from each other in order to enable the radiation and the reception of circularly polarized waves.
- the first radiator elements 56 are arranged in a middle row between two rows of second radiator elements 58.
- the switching elements 60 make it possible to change the radiation lobe of the antenna 35 (and thus the antenna gain).
- a group of second radiator elements 58 are disposed above and below a group of first radiator elements 56, respectively, so that the radiation lobe of the antenna 35 is changed in elevation.
- the device 50 further includes a signal coupler 62. A preferred embodiment of the signal coupler 62 is shown in FIG. Like reference numerals designate the same elements as in FIG. 2.
- the signal coupler 62 has four coupler ports PI, P2, P3 and P4.
- the coupler terminals PI and P2 are the free ends of a first longitudinal branch 64.
- the coupler terminals P4 and P3 are the free ends of a second longitudinal branch 66.
- the two parallel longitudinal branches 64, 66 are interconnected via three parallel shunt branches 68, 70, 72.
- the longitudinal branches 64, 66 and transverse branches 68, 70, 72 form here a "rung ladder”.
- a fourth transverse branch 74 is approximately U-shaped and connects the free ends P2 and P3 of the longitudinal branches 64, 66.
- the transverse branch 74 forms a summation branch, via which signals from the coupler terminals P2 and P3 are added in the correct phase.
- the first coupler connection PI is connected to the first connection point 52 via an impedance matching 76.
- the impedance match 76 is a suitably shaped microstrip line.
- the coupler port P4 is connected to the radiator elements 56, 58 via a further impedance matching 76 'and a bandpass filter 78.
- the coupler connection PI thus forms the signal input for an RF transmission signal, which is transmitted to the antenna 35 via the coupler connection P4.
- the coupler port P4 forms a signal input for an RF receive signal from the antenna 35, which is transmitted via the coupler port PI to the connection point 52.
- a component 80 is arranged in each case with a variably adjustable impedance.
- the device 80 is a varactor diode whose junction capacitance can be varied by means of a control voltage.
- the control voltage for the device 80 is generated here by means of an envelope detector 82 and a control voltage generator 84.
- the envelope detector 82 generates an RF signal applied to the coupler port PI in comparison to the RF signal Low-frequency alternating signal, which corresponds approximately to the envelope of the RF signal at the coupler port PI.
- the subsequent control voltage generator 84 generates a DC voltage that approximately corresponds to the average power of the envelope signal from the envelope detector 82.
- the output voltage 85 of the control voltage generator 84 is supplied to the components 80 as the first control signal and determines the impedance of the components 80.
- the devices 80 have a basic impedance value that is present without supplying the control voltage from the control voltage generator 84.
- This basic impedance value can be changed by the control voltage 85.
- the basic impedance value of the components 80 is selected such that the coupler connections P2 and P3 have a maximum mismatch with respect to the coupler connections P2 and P3 in the "de-energized" state, ie without the control voltage 85.
- the mismatch results in a signal applied to the coupler port PI being predominantly transmitted to the coupler port P4 and hardly or not appearing at the coupler ports P2 and P3.
- the coupling attenuation from the coupler connection PI to the coupler connections P2 or P3 is maximal without the control voltage 85. Consequently, the coupling loss between the coupler port PI and the coupler port P4 is minimal in this case.
- the control voltage generator 84 and the components 80 are here dimensioned so that the coupling loss between the coupler terminals PI and P4 increases with increasing RF signal power, while the coupling loss between the coupler port PI and the coupler ports P2 and P3 is lower. This has the consequence that with increasing RF signal power at the coupler port PI, an increasingly larger proportion of the RF signal is transmitted from the terminal PI to the coupler ports P2 and P3.
- the RF power of the RF transmission signal at the coupler port PI is relatively large. Therefore, the impedance of the devices 80 over the Control voltage generator 84 changed.
- the coupler ports P2 and P3 are now better adapted to the coupler port PI and withdraw RF power from the signal going to the coupler port P4.
- the RF transmission signal arriving at the coupler connection P4 is correspondingly weaker than the HF transmission signal fed in at the coupler connection PI. Consequently, a weaker RF transmission signal is radiated via the antenna 35.
- the RF transmit signal emitted by the antenna 35 is deprived of transmit signal power to the extent that the antenna 35 increases the RF transmit signal in the main beam direction relative to an alternative rod antenna.
- compliance with legal requirements with regard to maximum permissible transmission signal powers is also observed if a previously used rod antenna is replaced by the device 50 including the directional antenna 35.
- the control voltage generator 84 does not generate a significant control voltage 85.
- the components 80 therefore have an impedance value which is approximately equal to the impedance basic value. Due to the deliberate mismatch of the impedance base value at the coupler ports P2 and P3, the coupling loss between the coupler ports P4 and PI is then minimal.
- the RF transmission signal power branched off in the transmission case is combined in the correct phase at summation point 74 and fed via an additional impedance matching 76 "to an RF rectifier 88.
- the RF rectifier 88 generates a pulsating DC voltage which is converted into a buffered DC voltage by a switching regulator U DC is converted.
- the buffered DC voltage U DC is advantageously used as an operating voltage for the active components of the device 50.
- such an active component is a control signal circuit 86 that generates the control signal for the switching elements 60.
- the control signal circuit 86 includes a number of D flip-flops. Flops (not shown here) that form a divider chain.
- the divider chain generates from the pulsing envelope signal of the envelope detector 82, a control voltage 92, with which the switching elements 60 of the antenna 35 are switched.
- the switching elements 60 are also varactor diodes which are operated "on-off" here in contrast to the varactor diodes 80. Since the communication between the control unit 12 and the signal units 14, 16, 18 in the preferred embodiments is defined in FIG In one embodiment, the switching elements 60 are switched after every transmission burst transmitted from the RF transmitter 30 via the device 50. In another embodiment, the switching elements 60 are switched after each Switched fourth transmission burst of the RF transmitter 30. Other switching rhythms are possible.
- the switching signal of the control signal circuit 86 is a DC signal, which is transmitted as a control signal 92 via the same line to the switching elements 60, via which the RF transmission signal to the radiator elements 56, 58 passes.
- the control signal 92 is superimposed on the RF transmission signal.
- the emitter elements 56, 58 are integrated into the device 50 in the illustrated preferred embodiment, in other embodiments the device 50 may be implemented separately from emitter elements and an antenna made therefrom.
- the second connection point 54 is advantageously designed as a socket for connecting an antenna cable.
- the device 50 may be integrated in the transmitting and receiving part 28 of a communication subscriber.
- the first connection point 52 may be a "hidden" signal point within an integrated circuit.
- the antenna 35 may be realized differently from the variant shown here. It may for example consist of individual horizontal and vertical dipoles, between which is selectively switched by means of switching elements 60.
- an operating voltage for the supply of active components of the device 50 can also be provided externally, so that then the HF rectifier 88 and the switching regulator 90 can be dispensed with.
- a signal coupler having at least three coupler terminals is used, wherein a switching element arranged on the third coupler terminal is modified such that the coupling attenuation varies between the first and the second coupler terminal.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010015650A DE102010015650A1 (de) | 2010-04-14 | 2010-04-14 | Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen Vernetzung von Geräten der Automatisierungstechnik |
| PCT/EP2011/055774 WO2011128359A1 (de) | 2010-04-14 | 2011-04-13 | Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen vernetzung von geräten der automatisierungstechnik |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2559099A1 true EP2559099A1 (de) | 2013-02-20 |
Family
ID=44149821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11714277A Withdrawn EP2559099A1 (de) | 2010-04-14 | 2011-04-13 | Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen vernetzung von geräten der automatisierungstechnik |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130033412A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2559099A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2013528026A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102939686A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010015650A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011128359A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014100970A1 (de) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-07-30 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum sicheren Abschalten einer elektrischen Last |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06232607A (ja) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 減衰器 |
| DE69931669T2 (de) * | 1998-10-01 | 2007-06-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma | Sendeempfänger mit eine gemeinsame Antenne für Sendung und empfang |
| GB2356526B (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2002-08-21 | Marconi Electronic Syst Ltd | Transceiver circuit |
| US7205866B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2007-04-17 | Ipr Licensing, Inc. | Electronic phase reflector with enhanced phase shift performance |
| GB2374203A (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-09 | Alexander Dodd | Transmit / receive antenna system with higher receive gain |
| JP2004015655A (ja) * | 2002-06-10 | 2004-01-15 | Sony Corp | 通信装置 |
| US6753745B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-06-22 | Harris Corporation | High efficiency four port circuit |
| CN1720636A (zh) * | 2002-11-08 | 2006-01-11 | Ems技术公司 | 可变功率分配器 |
| DE102007058258A1 (de) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-10 | Pilz Gmbh. & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur drahtlosen Vernetzung von Geräten der Automatisierungstechnik |
| DE102007058257A1 (de) | 2007-11-26 | 2009-05-28 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mikrowellenantenne zur drahtlosen Vernetzung von Geräten der Automatisierungstechnik |
| US7639102B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-12-29 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Reconfigurable duplexing couplers |
| CN101674585A (zh) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-17 | 北京联动原创科技有限公司 | 一种监控信息传输的装置及该装置的监控方法 |
-
2010
- 2010-04-14 DE DE102010015650A patent/DE102010015650A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-04-13 JP JP2013504254A patent/JP2013528026A/ja active Pending
- 2011-04-13 WO PCT/EP2011/055774 patent/WO2011128359A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-04-13 EP EP11714277A patent/EP2559099A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-13 CN CN2011800295411A patent/CN102939686A/zh active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-10-11 US US13/649,306 patent/US20130033412A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011128359A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011128359A1 (de) | 2011-10-20 |
| JP2013528026A (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
| US20130033412A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
| DE102010015650A1 (de) | 2011-10-20 |
| CN102939686A (zh) | 2013-02-20 |
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