EP2557253A1 - Building design method - Google Patents

Building design method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2557253A1
EP2557253A1 EP20100849390 EP10849390A EP2557253A1 EP 2557253 A1 EP2557253 A1 EP 2557253A1 EP 20100849390 EP20100849390 EP 20100849390 EP 10849390 A EP10849390 A EP 10849390A EP 2557253 A1 EP2557253 A1 EP 2557253A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
main entrance
height
limit position
canopy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20100849390
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2557253A4 (en
Inventor
Koichiro Hirata
Toshihiko Toda
Hideaki Yamazaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nice Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
Nice Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2010090031A external-priority patent/JP2011219981A/en
Priority claimed from JP2010135969A external-priority patent/JP2012001921A/en
Application filed by Nice Holdings Inc filed Critical Nice Holdings Inc
Publication of EP2557253A1 publication Critical patent/EP2557253A1/en
Publication of EP2557253A4 publication Critical patent/EP2557253A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/072—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/073—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements for particular building parts, e.g. corners or columns
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/21—Fastening means specially adapted for covering or lining elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/003—Balconies; Decks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B2001/0053—Buildings characterised by their shape or layout grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/18—Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/181—Balustrades

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a design method for a building, particularly for a building in which an exterior member, a so-called siding panel, is used.
  • a client specifically tells what kind of exterior design and floor-plan are required for constructing his or her detached house, with reference to a sample pattern or a catalogue which is prepared in advance by a housing contractor, such as a builder.
  • the specific plan is further examined, based on design drawings prepared by an architect or the housing contractor.
  • the design for the house (building) requires the height of the building and a setback from the site boundary in view of the designated land use district of the construction site, and the maximum space available for the construction of the building in view of the building-to-land ratio and the floor area ratio.
  • the position of the main entrance, the floor-plan for the first floor or the second floor, the arrangement position of a sliding patio door, a window, a balcony or the like, and additionally, materials used for the construction, plumbing system for water supply and sewage or the like are determined. Then, if the client agrees, the construction work starts after the building permit.
  • foundation work is carried out for a desired size on a building site where the house is to be constructed.
  • the foundation work is carried out by pouring moisture-proof or pressure-proof concrete.
  • pipe holes are disposed at the bottom surface or the lateral surface of a desired foundation section for plumbing of water supply and sewage, and the plumbing is generally performed through the pipes.
  • Packing materials are arranged along the periphery of the constructed foundation, a substructure and ground-beams are installed, and floor panels for the first floor are affixed. Then, partitions are provided to divide the interior, columns and beams are built for the first floor using anchor bolts erected on the substructure, and all the others are built using joint metal. Thereafter, after the floor panels for the second floor are laid, the columns and beams for the second floor are fixed using the joint metal, works for a roof strut and a roof truss and wooden works are carried out to construct a ridge pole or a purlin.
  • the main entrance of the building is usually designed to have a porch outside the main entrance from the viewpoint of efficient use of the building.
  • a canopy, a parapet, and furthermore a balcony and the like are designed to be constructed on the upper section of the porch outside of the main entrance.
  • a metal canopy available from sash manufacturers is used in consideration of the height of a door.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-211518
  • band-like ventilation members having a plurality of vent holes are fixed to the exterior wall surface so as to pass through the front surface of a plurality of the vent holes in a state where a plurality of the ventilation members are vertically adjacent to each other, and consequently it is possible to improve an external design of a house and to secure indoor lighting and ventilation.
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-132114 (Patent Document 2) An opening structure of a building having a good design freedom, in which since the position of a window frame is easily changed with respect to an outer wall, one side length of the opening which extends in the window frame direction of an exterior member for the opening is adjustable.
  • Patent Document 3 A porch canopy for a prefabricated building for which attachment work is easy and does not require an outer wall unit with a different design even though the canopy has a different cross-sectional shape.
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 06-057897
  • a canopy structure of a main entrance porch which aims to provide a simplified component configuration has an improved productivity and a reduced cost with using a system in which a single roofing material can ensure sufficient rigidity.
  • Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-148018
  • Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-13875 (Patent Document 6) An eave structure which can significantly enhance an external design of the house, wherein a continuous eave formed by integrally seriating a group of eaves protruded from the boundary portion between a first floor outer wall and a second floor outer wall in a house main body so as to have the same level is arranged across the surfaces in at least three directions including the entire front surface of a main entrance in the house main body.
  • a window such as the previously described the sliding patio door or the window
  • arrangement for a living room side is given priority and the window is designed to be located at various height positions in consideration of lighting or ventilation.
  • the ceiling height of a room has the priority when setting the height of a building structure and thereby the height is designed to leave a margin for forming beams.
  • the outer wall of the building structure has a great influence on the design of the entire building, when an attachment work of an exterior member is carried out, the exterior member is likely to leave waste and the attachment work becomes complicated depending on the position of the sliding patio door, the window, the main entrance, the balcony or the like. Therefore, the building cost is forced to relatively increase and damaged materials may cause the destruction of the environment.
  • the main entrance in the building is generally provided at an outer wall of the side of the building structure which faces the road, in consideration of convenience for entering and exiting.
  • the arrangement position is determined, the size, brightness, door design or the like of the main entrance has the highest priority in the client's intention, and the design of how to provide an opening for the main entrance at the outer wall of the building structure is often assigned to a housing contractor or an architect.
  • the housing contractor or the architect designs the main entrance in such a manner that the building cost can be suppressed without damaging the design as much as possible, considering the building cost, and based on the needs of the client, provides a canopy, a parapet, a balcony or the like on an outside porch.
  • the porch is provided outside of the building structure and the upper portion thereof is covered by the canopy, depending on the height of a door, it may not be expected to be a well-balanced matching between the use of a metal canopy sold by a sash manufacturer and the building design.
  • the porch portion is arranged within the building structure, in some cases, accessory protrusions of exterior members increase, which often becomes a factor of the increased cost.
  • the balcony or the parapet is provided alone, the height is generally designed by being taken out from the height of a floor beam of the second floor. Therefore, a formation of the beams that is more than necessary causes the increased cost and the height induces a slightly oppressive feeling within the porch of the main entrance.
  • the present invention intends to provide a design method of a building, capable of an efficient design or a building work and capable of suppressing damaged materials to a minimum, which is environment friendly, and to provide a building which can be constructed at a low cost, in such a manner that when designing the building, a joint section (boundary surface) in a height direction of a working width (substantially effective width) for an exterior member, a so-called siding panel, which accounts for a relatively high cost, is set to be an indicator for determining the arrangement position of a window, a balcony, a canopy, and further a main entrance or the like.
  • the present Invention disclosed in claim 1 includes a design method for a building, when constructing a building structure, where a lower limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a parapet which are arranged at an outer wall of a building structure is determined by utilizing a working width of an exterior member which has a constant shape and is used to build the outer wall of the building structure, as an indicator.
  • the present invention disclosed in claim 2 includes a design method for a building according to claim 1, where the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the parapet are arranged by matching the lower limit position or the upper limit position with either an upper edge or a lower edge of a plurality of exterior members used in constructing the outer wall.
  • the present invention disclosed in claim 3 includes a design method of a building according to claim 1 or 2, where in the building structure, a height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure laid on a foundation sets a height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure.
  • the present invention disclosed in claim 4 includes a design method of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, where in the building structure, a porch is arranged outside of the main entrance, a plurality of beam members is protruded outward with a desired length, matching a width of the main entrance, on the porch, a tip of each beam member is supported by a column member and/or a wall member, and the upper portion of the beam member is covered by a canopy member, a floor surface of the parapet or the balcony.
  • the present invention disclosed in claim 5 includes a design method of a building according to claim 4, where the main entrance is designed to have a desired opening width and the height within the height of the girt or the pole plate from the substructure laid on the foundation, and the porch arranged outside of the main entrance is matched with the surface of the foundation.
  • the present invention disclosed in claim 6 includes a building where when constructing a building structure, a height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure sets a height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure, and a lower limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a parapet to be arranged at the building structure, is determined by setting a working width of an exterior member which has a constant shape, which is used in constructing an outer wall of the building structure, as an indicator.
  • the present invention disclosed in claim 7 includes a design method of the building according to claim 6, where either the lower limit position or the upper limit position of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the parapet is matched with either an upper edge or a lower edge of a plurality of exterior members used in constructing the outer wall.
  • a design method for a building and a building according to the present invention are that when constructing a building structure, the height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure laid on a foundation sets the height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure.
  • a lower limit position or an upper limit position where a window is arranged at the building structure, a canopy, a balcony and a main entrance is determined by setting an upper edge or lower edge of a working width in the height direction of each exterior member configuring an outer wall. Accordingly, it is possible to easily design the height of the building.
  • the lower limit position or the upper limit position of at least one or more of the window, the canopy, a parapet, the balcony and the main entrance which are arranged at the building structure can be determined by setting a height position which is integrally multiplied by the working width of the exterior member which is sequentially used in constructing upward from the drainage of the substructure configuring the building structure. Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently design or construct the window, the canopy, the parapet, the balcony, the main entrance and the like.
  • a design method for a building according to the present invention can be adopted as the preferred use in constructing the building using a usual construction method, and it is applicable to any building which is one-story, two-story or higher than those.
  • One of the features in the design method for the building is that when designating the height of the building under the limitation of a height of the building and a setback from the site boundary in view of the designated land use district of the construction site and a maximum space capable of constructing the building in view of the building-to-land ratio and the requirement of maximum floor area ratio are required, it is based on the setting the height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure based on the height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided on a substructure laid on a foundation.
  • the upper end of the interior groundwork member is overlapped with the lower end of the girt and/or the pole plate to be arranged.
  • supper end of the interior groundwork member is within a range not exceeding the upper end of the pole plate.
  • a lower limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a parapet, a balcony and a main entrance to be arranged is determined by setting the height position which is integrally multiplied by a working width of an exterior member which is to be used in constructing the outside of the building structure, by being sequentially faced upward from the drainage of the substructure.
  • a reinforcing member made of concrete for reinforcing the foundation itself is arranged at a desired section inside the foundation.
  • Each reinforcing member includes only a groove through which a person can pass, in a state of crawling, in order to inspect or repair as necessary. Accordingly, no pipe hole for a plumbing system of water supply and sewage to be arranged inside the building is present at all at the bottom surface or the lateral surface of the foundation.
  • the interior groundwork member used in the present invention is not specifically limited, but it is preferable to use a gypsum board mainly composed of gypsum which is low cost, extremely strong, and excellent in thermal insulation and sound insulation.
  • the gypsum board In order to use the gypsum board as a room interior member, the gypsum board of 2,420 mm in height is generally used. In the present invention, since the gypsum board is used in order to set the height of the building, a commercial product (2,730 mm in height x 910 mm in width x 12.5 mm in thickness) is used. Furthermore, if the height and the width are approximately the same, the material is not specifically limited and it is possible to use a custom-made product.
  • the exterior member configuring the outer wall of the siding panel is a panel type member which is used for the outer wall of the building, and is incombustible and fire-resistant.
  • the height, the width and the thickness are prescribed.
  • any material can be used.
  • the related exterior member includes a connecting portion connected to the upper edge or the lower edge in order to be integrated with the adjacent exterior member vertically and horizontally when configuring the outer wall.
  • the length from the upper edge to the lower edge of a working width, which is effective area and is distinct on the surface of the exterior member, is set to the height of the exterior member.
  • the arrangement position of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the parapet, the main entrance and the like which are provided by penetrating the wall surface is determined by setting the upper edge or the lower edge of the working width in the height direction of the exterior member as an indicator.
  • the exterior member is referenced to an integer multiple in the height direction.
  • a lower limit position or an upper limit position of the arrangement position of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the parapet, the main entrance and the like is calculated and determined by setting the upper edge or the lower edge of the working width of the exterior member located at the integer multiple of any one of plural exterior members laid in the vertical direction as the indicator (reference line).
  • a partitioning work to divide a chamber is carried out, generally after a floor surface is laid, on the floor surface provided at the substructure, and after the partitioning work is completed, a flooring member is laid on the floor surface. Accordingly, large amounts of damaged material occur in the flooring member.
  • the present invention is made in the light of the relevant situation, and aims to minimize the occurrence of damaged materials due to the laying of the flooring member in such a manner that the flouring member is laid on the floor surface before carrying out the partitioning work of the building structure.
  • the height from the substructure to the pole plate is set using the interior groundwork member.
  • the upper end of the interior groundwork member is partially overlapped (polymerized abutment) with the lower end of the girt and/or the pole plate to be arranged, the strength maintenance is improved.
  • the strength maintenance is improved.
  • the upper end of the interior groundwork member does not exceed the height of the pole plate.
  • the main entrance configuring the building has the canopy or the parapet on the outside porch thereof. Accordingly, the outer design of the building can be enhanced. In addition, privacy of a resident can be secured by providing a wall which shields a section corresponding to the main entrance from the outside.
  • a plurality of beam members is protruded outward with a desired length, matching the width of the main entrance, on the extension line of the girts, a tip of each beam member is supported by a column member and/or a wall member, and the upper portion of the beam member is covered by a canopy member or the floor surface of the balcony.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example where a window 11 is constructed at the first floor section of an outer wall of the building 1, and a balcony 20 is constructed at the second floor section.
  • the design is carried out in such a manner that the height of the building and setback from the site boundary in view of the designated land use district of the construction site, and a maximum space capable of constructing the building 1 in view of the building-to-land ratio and the floor area ratio are under consideration.
  • a foundation 2 having a rectangular shape is provided within a prescribed building site.
  • a floor panel 4 is laid on a substructure 3 laid on the foundation 2 and further a flooring member 5 is laid on the entire upper surface thereof before a partitioning work to divide an interior section.
  • a girt 7 is designed and constructed such that the lower end of an interior groundwork member 6 formed from a gypsum board is brought into contact with the upper portion of the floor panel 4 in order to maintain an upright position, and the upper end thereof is partially overlapped with the lower end of the girt 7 which supports a floor panel 41 of the second floor to be arranged.
  • a pole plate 8 is designed and constructed such that the lower end of an interior groundwork member 61 formed from the gypsum board is brought into contact with the upper portion of the floor panel 41 in order to maintain the upright position, and the upper end thereof is partially overlapped with the lower end of the pole plate 8 to be arranged. Consequently, the height of the building can be determined.
  • reference numeral 9 represents a roof supported by the pole plate 8 and reference numeral 10 represents a canopy soffit which is integrated with the roof 9.
  • a window 11 and a balcony 20 are constructed at an outer wall of a building structure (building 1) which is obtained in this way.
  • the entire outer wall surface is designed to be covered upward and horizontally from a drainage 12 annexed on the substructure 3 with respect to the building 1, by a total of twelve sheets of exterior members 13a to 131 which have a working width of 455 mm and a length of 3,030 mm.
  • the lower edge of the exterior member 13a is designed to be located at the height of the drainage 12
  • the upper edge of the exterior member 131 is designed to be located at the height of the canopy soffit 10.
  • the window 11 is designed and constructed in the following procedures.
  • the upper edge of the second exterior member 13b illustrated at the left side of Fig. 1 is set to be a lower limit position of the arrangement position of the window 11.
  • a boundary surface between the exterior members 13b and 13c which are vertically adhered is set to be the lower limit position for arranging a window frame to provide the window 11.
  • the lower limit position of the window 11 becomes the position of 910 mm in height from the drainage 12.
  • the height of the window 11 is approximately 1,170 mm and consequently the upper limit height of the window 11 becomes approximately one third of the height position from the upper portion of the fifth sheet, the exterior member 13e.
  • a balcony 20 provided at the second floor is designed to have the upper limit position by setting the boundary surface between the ninth and tenth sheets, the exterior members 13i and 13j, namely upper edge of the exterior member 13i, as an indicator. Accordingly, the balcony 20 is constructed by being matched with the height of the girt 7, in such a manner that a plurality of beam members 14 is protruded outward only with a desired distance and a desired length, and the floor panel or a handrail is arranged between the upper surface of the protruded beam members 14 and the upper limit position set in advance. In this case, it is preferable that the surface of floor panel of the balcony 20 is basically matched with the surface of an indoor side flooring member 51.
  • a sliding patio door which is in contact with the balcony 20 can be constructed in consideration of lighting or ventilation and further the design, by designing optional height and width between the flooring member 51 and the canopy soffit 10.
  • a plan of the building structure can be designed and constructed by freely selecting the upper limit or lower limit position of the window 11, the balcony 20 or the canopy soffit 10 in the height direction according to the working width of the exterior member 13 in the height direction. Therefore, as the exterior member in the height direction, the exterior member requiring notches can be settled only by two exterior members, the exterior member 13e of the upper end of the window on the first floor and the exterior member 131 interfering with the upper end of the sliding patio door 21 on the second floor.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an example and is a schematic explanatory view illustrating a method for designing and constructing a main entrance 16 of a building 1, a parapet 15 provided at the outside upper section thereof, and a window 11 on the second floor.
  • reference numeral 2 is a foundation 2 which has a substantially rectangular plane and is provided within a prescribed building site.
  • a floor panel 4 is laid on a substructure 3 laid on the foundation 2, and further a flooring member 5 is laid on the entire upper surface.
  • reference numeral 7 represents a girt which supports a floor surface of the second floor
  • reference numeral 8 represents a pole plate
  • reference numeral 9 represents a roof supported by the pole plate 8
  • reference numeral 10 represents a canopy soffit.
  • the entire surface of the outer wall section of the building 1 is covered vertically and horizontally with respect to the outer wall from a drainage 12 annexed on the substructure 3, by a total of twelve exterior members 13a to 131 which have a working width of 455 mm and a length of 3,030 mm.
  • the lower edge of the exterior member 13a is designed to be located at the height of the drainage 12 and the upper edge of the exterior member 131 is designed to be located at the height of the canopy soffit 10.
  • a porch 17 is arranged to the outside of the main entrance 16.
  • the upper surface of the porch 17 is formed so as to be flush with the upper surface of the foundation 2, and the depth or the width of the porch 17 is designed to be matched with the size of an opening of the main entrance 16.
  • the parapet 15 On the porch 7, the parapet 15 is generally arranged over the main entrance 16 of the building 1 for a person who enters and exits the main entrance 16 does not get wet in the rain.
  • the parapet In general, the parapet is constructed by extending the girt 7 of the building 1 outward. However, in this case, since the distance between the upper portion of the main entrance 16 and the girt 7 is extremely short, the main entrance 16 is in an oppressive state and the design becomes worse.
  • the construction work is carried out by determining the arrangement position of the parapet 15, that is, the upper limit position of the parapet 15 to be arranged in the present example.
  • the lower limit position of the parapet 15 in this case becomes the joint section between the exterior member 13e, the fifth sheet, and the exterior member 13f, the sixth sheet.
  • the parapet 15 itself generally has the height of approximately 900 mm. Accordingly, a large difference does not occur even if the parapet is located at either the upper limit position or the lower limit position.
  • reference numeral 22 represents a girt for constructing the parapet 15
  • reference numeral 14 represents a beam member for the same
  • reference numeral 18 represents a decorative ceiling which is provided under the beam member 14 and made by panels culled MOENSIDING TM .
  • a canopy is replaced by the parapet for description, but of course, it may be a balcony.
  • the distance from the upper end of the main entrance 16 to the bottom surface of the balcony becomes narrowed, there is a tittle difference in viewpoint of open feeling compared to a case of the parapet.
  • the construction work can be carried out by freely selecting the upper limit or lower limit position of the attachment position of the canopy or the like, using the working width of the exterior member 13 in the height direction. Accordingly, as the exterior member in the height direction, the exterior member requiring notches can be settled only by the exterior member of a specific section.
  • the front end of the parapet 15 obtained by the above-described design is maintained by being fixed to the front edge of the porch 17 formed outside of the main entrance 16 by a column 19 erected with a desired distance.
  • the column 19 can be substituted by one wall member (not illustrated) which is approximately equal to the front surface width of the porch 17 of the main entrance 16.
  • the wall member may close the space between the columns 19. In this case, when the main entrance 16 is open, privacy can be protected by shielding the interior from the outside world.
  • the upper limit or lower limit position of the canopy or the like which is placed above the porch 17 arranged outside of the main entrance 16 can be designed and constructed easily and conveniently. Consequently, the occurrence of damaged materials due to the notches on the exterior member which is used can be suppressed to a minimum.
  • the present example is described for the arrangement of the canopy or the like by setting the boundary surface of the joint section of the exterior member in the height direction where the above-described plan method is used as an indicator.
  • the present example is described for the arrangement of the canopy or the like by setting the boundary surface of the joint section of the exterior member in the height direction where the above-described plan method is used as an indicator.
  • the boundary surface of the joint section in the vertical direction of the exterior member which has a prescribed working width is set in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, with regard to the section such as the canopy or the like which has a prescribed width, the exterior member can be transversely attached, by being brought into contact with the left and right end sides thereof. Therefore, the notching work can be significantly reduced as a whole.
  • the arrangement position of a girt and/or a pole plate are/is determined by setting an interior groundwork member of a space in the height direction, as an indicator.
  • a plan method which determines an upper limit position or a lower limit position for setting a specific section such as a window or a balcony by setting a boundary surface of a joint section in the vertical direction of an exterior member which configures an outer wall of a building structure and has a prescribed working width, as the indicator. Therefore, application is also possible to a building other than the building according to a usual construction method.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)

Abstract

A design method for a building which enables an efficient design or construction and is environment-friendly by suppressing the occurrence of damaged materials to a minimum, and a building which can be constructed at a low cost are provided in such a manner that when the building is designed, a boundary surface in the height direction of a substantially effective width (working width) in an exterior member, a so-called siding panel, which occupies relatively high cost is set to be an indicator for determining an arrangement position of a window, a balcony, a canopy, further a main entrance or the like. When a building 1 is constructed, a lower limit position or an upper limit position of the attachment position of a window 11, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a parapet which are arranged at an outer wall thereof is determined by setting a working width of exterior members 13a to 131 which are used in constructing the outer wall of the building 1 and have a constant shape, as an indicator.

Description

    Technical Field
  • The present invention relates to a design method for a building, particularly for a building in which an exterior member, a so-called siding panel, is used.
    • Background Art
  • For example, in a wooden frame construction (also referred to as a usual method of construction) where columns and beams configure a structure, in general, a client specifically tells what kind of exterior design and floor-plan are required for constructing his or her detached house, with reference to a sample pattern or a catalogue which is prepared in advance by a housing contractor, such as a builder.
  • Then, the specific plan is further examined, based on design drawings prepared by an architect or the housing contractor.
    At that time, the design for the house (building) requires the height of the building and a setback from the site boundary in view of the designated land use district of the construction site, and the maximum space available for the construction of the building in view of the building-to-land ratio and the floor area ratio.
  • For example, in a case of a two-story house, the position of the main entrance, the floor-plan for the first floor or the second floor, the arrangement position of a sliding patio door, a window, a balcony or the like, and additionally, materials used for the construction, plumbing system for water supply and sewage or the like are determined. Then, if the client agrees, the construction work starts after the building permit.
  • With regard to the relevant usual construction method, a construction method will be broadly described using the example of a two-story house.
    First, foundation work is carried out for a desired size on a building site where the house is to be constructed.
    The foundation work is carried out by pouring moisture-proof or pressure-proof concrete. At that time, pipe holes are disposed at the bottom surface or the lateral surface of a desired foundation section for plumbing of water supply and sewage, and the plumbing is generally performed through the pipes.
  • Packing materials are arranged along the periphery of the constructed foundation, a substructure and ground-beams are installed, and floor panels for the first floor are affixed.
    Then, partitions are provided to divide the interior, columns and beams are built for the first floor using anchor bolts erected on the substructure, and all the others are built using joint metal.
    Thereafter, after the floor panels for the second floor are laid, the columns and beams for the second floor are fixed using the joint metal, works for a roof strut and a roof truss and wooden works are carried out to construct a ridge pole or a purlin.
  • In addition, the main entrance of the building is usually designed to have a porch outside the main entrance from the viewpoint of efficient use of the building. For the purpose of convenience of people entering and leaving, that is, in order not to get wet in the rain, a canopy, a parapet, and furthermore a balcony and the like are designed to be constructed on the upper section of the porch outside of the main entrance.
    At that time, in a case where the porch is provided outside of the building structure and the upper section thereof is covered by the canopy, a metal canopy available from sash manufacturers is used in consideration of the height of a door.
  • The following related arts can be exemplified with regard to the arrangement position of the sliding patio door, the window, the balcony or the like and further the canopy of the main entrance, in the usual housing method.
    1) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-211518 (Patent Document 1)
    In a building that has a plurality of openings which is open to an exterior wall surface of a building main body, band-like ventilation members having a plurality of vent holes are fixed to the exterior wall surface so as to pass through the front surface of a plurality of the vent holes in a state where a plurality of the ventilation members are vertically adjacent to each other, and consequently it is possible to improve an external design of a house and to secure indoor lighting and ventilation.
  • 2) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-132114 (Patent Document 2)
    An opening structure of a building having a good design freedom, in which since the position of a window frame is easily changed with respect to an outer wall, one side length of the opening which extends in the window frame direction of an exterior member for the opening is adjustable.
  • 3) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 05-093447 (Patent Document 3)
    A porch canopy for a prefabricated building for which attachment work is easy and does not require an outer wall unit with a different design even though the canopy has a different cross-sectional shape.
  • 4) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 06-057897 (Patent Document 4)
    A canopy structure of a main entrance porch which aims to provide a simplified component configuration has an improved productivity and a reduced cost with using a system in which a single roofing material can ensure sufficient rigidity.
  • 5) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-148018 (Patent Document 5)
    An attachment structure of a building eave and an arrangement method of the eave, wherein a normal posture can be easily obtained owing to the adjustable height and the posture can be easily maintained.
  • 6) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-13875 (Patent Document 6)
    An eave structure which can significantly enhance an external design of the house, wherein a continuous eave formed by integrally seriating a group of eaves protruded from the boundary portion between a first floor outer wall and a second floor outer wall in a house main body so as to have the same level is arranged across the surfaces in at least three directions including the entire front surface of a main entrance in the house main body.
    • Related Art Document Patent Document
    • Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-211528
    • Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-132114
    • Patent Document 3 ; Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 05-093447
    • Patent Document 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 06-057897
    • Patent Document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-148018
    • Patent Document 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-13875
    Disclosure of Invention Problems to be Solved by the Invention
  • In a design for a window such as the previously described the sliding patio door or the window, since a client's intention has the highest priority, arrangement for a living room side is given priority and the window is designed to be located at various height positions in consideration of lighting or ventilation.
    In the same manner, the ceiling height of a room has the priority when setting the height of a building structure and thereby the height is designed to leave a margin for forming beams.
  • Since, among them, the outer wall of the building structure has a great influence on the design of the entire building, when an attachment work of an exterior member is carried out, the exterior member is likely to leave waste and the attachment work becomes complicated depending on the position of the sliding patio door, the window, the main entrance, the balcony or the like. Therefore, the building cost is forced to relatively increase and damaged materials may cause the destruction of the environment.
  • In addition, since clients mostly construct a detached house which they consider as the house to be a "retirement home", the intention of the client is overwhelmingly respected in the design or the construction work.
    Accordingly, the construction cost becomes high. The loss of a large amount of materials, such as shreds from the used building materials, easily occurs and is a major factor inhibiting the reduction construction cost.
  • In addition, the lost materials occurring due to shreds and the like cannot be effectively used and therefore all are treated as industrial waste. Therefore, the current situation is that the client and/or a builder cannot avoid bearing the cost required for the treatment.
  • On the other hand, the main entrance in the building is generally provided at an outer wall of the side of the building structure which faces the road, in consideration of convenience for entering and exiting.
    At that time, if the arrangement position is determined, the size, brightness, door design or the like of the main entrance has the highest priority in the client's intention, and the design of how to provide an opening for the main entrance at the outer wall of the building structure is often assigned to a housing contractor or an architect.
  • Therefore, generally, the housing contractor or the architect designs the main entrance in such a manner that the building cost can be suppressed without damaging the design as much as possible, considering the building cost, and based on the needs of the client, provides a canopy, a parapet, a balcony or the like on an outside porch.
  • In addition, in a case where the porch is provided outside of the building structure and the upper portion thereof is covered by the canopy, depending on the height of a door, it may not be expected to be a well-balanced matching between the use of a metal canopy sold by a sash manufacturer and the building design.
  • Moreover, if the porch portion is arranged within the building structure, in some cases, accessory protrusions of exterior members increase, which often becomes a factor of the increased cost.
    Furthermore, in a case where the balcony or the parapet is provided alone, the height is generally designed by being taken out from the height of a floor beam of the second floor. Therefore, a formation of the beams that is more than necessary causes the increased cost and the height induces a slightly oppressive feeling within the porch of the main entrance.
  • In consideration of the current situation related to the present invention, a method has been intensively studied which enables designing the arrangement position of the window, the balcony, the canopy, the parapet, the main entrance or the like in viewpoint of lighting or ventilation while a relatively high cost exterior member is efficiently used to the maximum.
  • As a result, in accordance with legal requirements which regulate the scope of a building site use, 1) by setting a boundary surface of a joint section in the height direction of the exterior member as an indicator showing an upper limit or a lower limit of the arrangement position of the window, the balcony, the canopy, the parapet, further the main entrance or the like, and furthermore,
    2) by determining the positions of a girt and/or a pole plate of the designing building structure from dimensions in the height direction of an interior groundwork member such as a gypsum board, the size of which is predetermined,
    it is found that a design method for the building capable of enhancing the efficient design and building work and capable of aiming at the decreased cost of members used, and a building which can be constructed at low cost can be provided.
  • That is, the present invention intends to provide a design method of a building, capable of an efficient design or a building work and capable of suppressing damaged materials to a minimum, which is environment friendly, and to provide a building which can be constructed at a low cost, in such a manner that when designing the building, a joint section (boundary surface) in a height direction of a working width (substantially effective width) for an exterior member, a so-called siding panel, which accounts for a relatively high cost, is set to be an indicator for determining the arrangement position of a window, a balcony, a canopy, and further a main entrance or the like.
    • Means for Solving the Problems
  • In order to achieve the above-described object, the present Invention disclosed in claim 1 includes a design method for a building, when constructing a building structure, where a lower limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a parapet which are arranged at an outer wall of a building structure is determined by utilizing a working width of an exterior member which has a constant shape and is used to build the outer wall of the building structure, as an indicator.
  • In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 2 includes a design method for a building according to claim 1, where the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the parapet are arranged by matching the lower limit position or the upper limit position with either an upper edge or a lower edge of a plurality of exterior members used in constructing the outer wall.
  • In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 3 includes a design method of a building according to claim 1 or 2, where in the building structure, a height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure laid on a foundation sets a height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure.
  • In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 4 includes a design method of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, where in the building structure, a porch is arranged outside of the main entrance, a plurality of beam members is protruded outward with a desired length, matching a width of the main entrance, on the porch, a tip of each beam member is supported by a column member and/or a wall member, and the upper portion of the beam member is covered by a canopy member, a floor surface of the parapet or the balcony.
  • In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 5 includes a design method of a building according to claim 4, where the main entrance is designed to have a desired opening width and the height within the height of the girt or the pole plate from the substructure laid on the foundation, and the porch arranged outside of the main entrance is matched with the surface of the foundation.
  • In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 6 includes a building where when constructing a building structure, a height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure sets a height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure, and a lower limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a parapet to be arranged at the building structure, is determined by setting a working width of an exterior member which has a constant shape, which is used in constructing an outer wall of the building structure, as an indicator.
  • In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 7 includes a design method of the building according to claim 6, where either the lower limit position or the upper limit position of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the parapet is matched with either an upper edge or a lower edge of a plurality of exterior members used in constructing the outer wall.
    • Advantages
  • A design method for a building and a building according to the present invention are that when constructing a building structure, the height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure laid on a foundation sets the height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure.
    In addition, a lower limit position or an upper limit position where a window is arranged at the building structure, a canopy, a balcony and a main entrance is determined by setting an upper edge or lower edge of a working width in the height direction of each exterior member configuring an outer wall.
    Accordingly, it is possible to easily design the height of the building.
  • In addition, the lower limit position or the upper limit position of at least one or more of the window, the canopy, a parapet, the balcony and the main entrance which are arranged at the building structure can be determined by setting a height position which is integrally multiplied by the working width of the exterior member which is sequentially used in constructing upward from the drainage of the substructure configuring the building structure.
    Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently design or construct the window, the canopy, the parapet, the balcony, the main entrance and the like.
  • In particular, it is possible to design and carry out the work by setting the upper edge in the working width of the exterior member configuring the outer wall as the upper limit position of the window, the canopy, the parapet, the balcony, the main entrance and the like which are provided at the building structure, or by setting the lower edge in the working width of the exterior member in the height direction as the lower limit position of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the like. Therefore, it is possible to suppress to a minimum the occurrence of damaged materials due to shreds of the exterior member.
    In addition, the construction cost can be decreased and the destruction of the environment can be prevented since the damaged materials as an industrial waste are significantly decreased.
    • Brief Description of Drawings
    • [Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is an explanatory view illustrating an example of a building according to the present invention.
    • [Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating another example of a building according to the present invention.
    Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention
  • A design method for a building according to the present invention can be adopted as the preferred use in constructing the building using a usual construction method, and it is applicable to any building which is one-story, two-story or higher than those.
  • One of the features in the design method for the building is that when designating the height of the building under the limitation of a height of the building and a setback from the site boundary in view of the designated land use district of the construction site and a maximum space capable of constructing the building in view of the building-to-land ratio and the requirement of maximum floor area ratio are required, it is based on the setting the height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure based on the height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided on a substructure laid on a foundation.
  • Furthermore, in designing the height of a building structure using the interior groundwork member, the upper end of the interior groundwork member is overlapped with the lower end of the girt and/or the pole plate to be arranged.
    In addition, supper end of the interior groundwork member is within a range not exceeding the upper end of the pole plate.
  • Another feature is that a lower limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a parapet, a balcony and a main entrance to be arranged is determined by setting the height position which is integrally multiplied by a working width of an exterior member which is to be used in constructing the outside of the building structure, by being sequentially faced upward from the drainage of the substructure.
  • In addition, a reinforcing member made of concrete for reinforcing the foundation itself is arranged at a desired section inside the foundation. Each reinforcing member includes only a groove through which a person can pass, in a state of crawling, in order to inspect or repair as necessary.
    Accordingly, no pipe hole for a plumbing system of water supply and sewage to be arranged inside the building is present at all at the bottom surface or the lateral surface of the foundation.
  • In this case, all the pipes for plumbing with respect to the water supply and sewage are arranged outside of the outer wall surface of the building. Therefore, it is extremely preferable since strength degradation of the foundation does not occur due to the provision of the hole, piping work inside the building is easily carried out and the interior is no longer damaged during the maintenance.
  • The interior groundwork member used in the present invention is not specifically limited, but it is preferable to use a gypsum board mainly composed of gypsum which is low cost, extremely strong, and excellent in thermal insulation and sound insulation.
  • In order to use the gypsum board as a room interior member, the gypsum board of 2,420 mm in height is generally used.
    In the present invention, since the gypsum board is used in order to set the height of the building, a commercial product (2,730 mm in height x 910 mm in width x 12.5 mm in thickness) is used.
    Furthermore, if the height and the width are approximately the same, the material is not specifically limited and it is possible to use a custom-made product.
  • The exterior member configuring the outer wall of the siding panel is a panel type member which is used for the outer wall of the building, and is incombustible and fire-resistant.
    In general, the height, the width and the thickness are prescribed. In the present invention, since the material is not specifically limited, any material can be used.
  • The related exterior member includes a connecting portion connected to the upper edge or the lower edge in order to be integrated with the adjacent exterior member vertically and horizontally when configuring the outer wall.
    In the present invention, the length from the upper edge to the lower edge of a working width, which is effective area and is distinct on the surface of the exterior member, is set to the height of the exterior member.
  • In the present invention, the arrangement position of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the parapet, the main entrance and the like which are provided by penetrating the wall surface is determined by setting the upper edge or the lower edge of the working width in the height direction of the exterior member as an indicator.
    In that case, the exterior member is referenced to an integer multiple in the height direction.
  • In other words, a lower limit position or an upper limit position of the arrangement position of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the parapet, the main entrance and the like is calculated and determined by setting the upper edge or the lower edge of the working width of the exterior member located at the integer multiple of any one of plural exterior members laid in the vertical direction as the indicator (reference line).
  • Many notches of the exterior member are made due to the installation of a penetrating portion on the outer wall depending on a layout or an interior design.
    In order to minimize such notches of the exterior member, the above-described method is adopted for designing and constructing the building. Therefore, problems in the related art can be solved.
  • A partitioning work to divide a chamber is carried out, generally after a floor surface is laid, on the floor surface provided at the substructure, and after the partitioning work is completed, a flooring member is laid on the floor surface. Accordingly, large amounts of damaged material occur in the flooring member.
  • The present invention is made in the light of the relevant situation, and aims to minimize the occurrence of damaged materials due to the laying of the flooring member in such a manner that the flouring member is laid on the floor surface before carrying out the partitioning work of the building structure.
  • When setting the height of the girt and/or the pole plate from the substructure, in a case of a one-story building, the height from the substructure to the pole plate is set using the interior groundwork member.
    At that time, since the upper end of the interior groundwork member is partially overlapped (polymerized abutment) with the lower end of the girt and/or the pole plate to be arranged, the strength maintenance is improved.
  • In a case of a two-story building, since at the heights from the substructure to the girt which supports the second floor ceiling and from the girt to the pole plate, and since the upper end of the interior groundwork member is partially overlapped with the lower end of the girt and/or the pole plate to be arranged in any case, the strength maintenance is improved.
    However, the upper end of the interior groundwork member does not exceed the height of the pole plate.
  • The main entrance configuring the building has the canopy or the parapet on the outside porch thereof. Accordingly, the outer design of the building can be enhanced.
    In addition, privacy of a resident can be secured by providing a wall which shields a section corresponding to the main entrance from the outside.
  • Accordingly, in the present invention, a plurality of beam members is protruded outward with a desired length, matching the width of the main entrance, on the extension line of the girts, a tip of each beam member is supported by a column member and/or a wall member, and the upper portion of the beam member is covered by a canopy member or the floor surface of the balcony.
    • Example 1
  • Hereinafter, a preferable embodiment of a building according to the present invention is described in detail, based on an example of a two-story building 1 using a usual construction method.
    Fig. 1 illustrates an example where a window 11 is constructed at the first floor section of an outer wall of the building 1, and a balcony 20 is constructed at the second floor section.
  • In the present example, of course, the design is carried out in such a manner that the height of the building and setback from the site boundary in view of the designated land use district of the construction site, and a maximum space capable of constructing the building 1 in view of the building-to-land ratio and the floor area ratio are under consideration.
  • A foundation 2 having a rectangular shape is provided within a prescribed building site.
    A floor panel 4 is laid on a substructure 3 laid on the foundation 2 and further a flooring member 5 is laid on the entire upper surface thereof before a partitioning work to divide an interior section.
  • Then, a girt 7 is designed and constructed such that the lower end of an interior groundwork member 6 formed from a gypsum board is brought into contact with the upper portion of the floor panel 4 in order to maintain an upright position, and the upper end thereof is partially overlapped with the lower end of the girt 7 which supports a floor panel 41 of the second floor to be arranged.
  • In the same manner, a pole plate 8 is designed and constructed such that the lower end of an interior groundwork member 61 formed from the gypsum board is brought into contact with the upper portion of the floor panel 41 in order to maintain the upright position, and the upper end thereof is partially overlapped with the lower end of the pole plate 8 to be arranged. Consequently, the height of the building can be determined.
    Referring to Fig. 1, reference numeral 9 represents a roof supported by the pole plate 8 and reference numeral 10 represents a canopy soffit which is integrated with the roof 9.
  • A window 11 and a balcony 20 are constructed at an outer wall of a building structure (building 1) which is obtained in this way.
    In the building 1, the entire outer wall surface is designed to be covered upward and horizontally from a drainage 12 annexed on the substructure 3 with respect to the building 1, by a total of twelve sheets of exterior members 13a to 131 which have a working width of 455 mm and a length of 3,030 mm.
    At that time, the lower edge of the exterior member 13a is designed to be located at the height of the drainage 12, and the upper edge of the exterior member 131 is designed to be located at the height of the canopy soffit 10.
  • The window 11 is designed and constructed in the following procedures.
    First, the upper edge of the second exterior member 13b illustrated at the left side of Fig. 1 is set to be a lower limit position of the arrangement position of the window 11.
    In other words, a boundary surface between the exterior members 13b and 13c which are vertically adhered is set to be the lower limit position for arranging a window frame to provide the window 11.
    The lower limit position of the window 11 becomes the position of 910 mm in height from the drainage 12.
    In the present example, the height of the window 11 is approximately 1,170 mm and consequently the upper limit height of the window 11 becomes approximately one third of the height position from the upper portion of the fifth sheet, the exterior member 13e.
  • A balcony 20 provided at the second floor is designed to have the upper limit position by setting the boundary surface between the ninth and tenth sheets, the exterior members 13i and 13j, namely upper edge of the exterior member 13i, as an indicator.
    Accordingly, the balcony 20 is constructed by being matched with the height of the girt 7, in such a manner that a plurality of beam members 14 is protruded outward only with a desired distance and a desired length, and the floor panel or a handrail is arranged between the upper surface of the protruded beam members 14 and the upper limit position set in advance.
    In this case, it is preferable that the surface of floor panel of the balcony 20 is basically matched with the surface of an indoor side flooring member 51.
  • A sliding patio door which is in contact with the balcony 20 can be constructed in consideration of lighting or ventilation and further the design, by designing optional height and width between the flooring member 51 and the canopy soffit 10.
  • Using the above-described method of determination of sectional details, a plan of the building structure can be designed and constructed by freely selecting the upper limit or lower limit position of the window 11, the balcony 20 or the canopy soffit 10 in the height direction according to the working width of the exterior member 13 in the height direction.
    Therefore, as the exterior member in the height direction, the exterior member requiring notches can be settled only by two exterior members, the exterior member 13e of the upper end of the window on the first floor and the exterior member 131 interfering with the upper end of the sliding patio door 21 on the second floor.
    • Example 2
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an example and is a schematic explanatory view illustrating a method for designing and constructing a main entrance 16 of a building 1, a parapet 15 provided at the outside upper section thereof, and a window 11 on the second floor.
  • Referring to Fig. 2, reference numeral 2 is a foundation 2 which has a substantially rectangular plane and is provided within a prescribed building site. A floor panel 4 is laid on a substructure 3 laid on the foundation 2, and further a flooring member 5 is laid on the entire upper surface.
    In addiction, in the drawing, reference numeral 7 represents a girt which supports a floor surface of the second floor, reference numeral 8 represents a pole plate, reference numeral 9 represents a roof supported by the pole plate 8 and reference numeral 10 represents a canopy soffit.
  • In the building 1 which has the outlined structure, the entire surface of the outer wall section of the building 1 is covered vertically and horizontally with respect to the outer wall from a drainage 12 annexed on the substructure 3, by a total of twelve exterior members 13a to 131 which have a working width of 455 mm and a length of 3,030 mm.
    In this case, the lower edge of the exterior member 13a is designed to be located at the height of the drainage 12 and the upper edge of the exterior member 131 is designed to be located at the height of the canopy soffit 10.
  • In the related building 1, a porch 17 is arranged to the outside of the main entrance 16.
    The upper surface of the porch 17 is formed so as to be flush with the upper surface of the foundation 2, and the depth or the width of the porch 17 is designed to be matched with the size of an opening of the main entrance 16.
  • On the porch 7, the parapet 15 is generally arranged over the main entrance 16 of the building 1 for a person who enters and exits the main entrance 16 does not get wet in the rain.
    In general, the parapet is constructed by extending the girt 7 of the building 1 outward.
    However, in this case, since the distance between the upper portion of the main entrance 16 and the girt 7 is extremely short, the main entrance 16 is in an oppressive state and the design becomes worse.
  • Thus, in the Example 2, using the exterior member 13 which is vertically installed at the outer wall section of the building 1, the construction work is carried out by determining the arrangement position of the parapet 15, that is, the upper limit position of the parapet 15 to be arranged in the present example.
  • More specifically, the parapet 15 is designed and constructed by determining a joint section (height of 455 × 9 =4095mm) between the exterior member 13i, the ninth sheet from the bottom of the exterior member 13 halving a working width of 455 mm, and the exterior member 13j, the tenth sheet therefrom, as the upper limit position of the parapet 15. Therefore, the height is 4095 mm (455 × 9).
  • The lower limit position of the parapet 15 in this case becomes the joint section between the exterior member 13e, the fifth sheet, and the exterior member 13f, the sixth sheet.
    However, the parapet 15 itself generally has the height of approximately 900 mm. Accordingly, a large difference does not occur even if the parapet is located at either the upper limit position or the lower limit position.
  • In the drawing, reference numeral 22 represents a girt for constructing the parapet 15, reference numeral 14 represents a beam member for the same, and reference numeral 18 represents a decorative ceiling which is provided under the beam member 14 and made by panels culled MOENSIDING™.
  • In the present example, a canopy is replaced by the parapet for description, but of course, it may be a balcony.
    In a case of the balcony as well, the upper limit position thereof can be set to be the joint section (height of 455 × 9 = 4095 mm) between the exterior member 13i, the ninth sheet from the bottom of the exterior member 13 and the exterior member 13j, the tenth sheet therefrom.
    In this case, it is possible to support the bottom surface of the balcony by providing a beam at the position of the girt 7 of the building 1.
    However, since the distance from the upper end of the main entrance 16 to the bottom surface of the balcony becomes narrowed, there is a tittle difference in viewpoint of open feeling compared to a case of the parapet.
  • According to the above-described design method based on the sectional details for the parapet, the construction work can be carried out by freely selecting the upper limit or lower limit position of the attachment position of the canopy or the like, using the working width of the exterior member 13 in the height direction.
    Accordingly, as the exterior member in the height direction, the exterior member requiring notches can be settled only by the exterior member of a specific section.
  • The front end of the parapet 15 obtained by the above-described design is maintained by being fixed to the front edge of the porch 17 formed outside of the main entrance 16 by a column 19 erected with a desired distance.
    The column 19 can be substituted by one wall member (not illustrated) which is approximately equal to the front surface width of the porch 17 of the main entrance 16.
    In addition, in a case where the column 19 is used, the wall member may close the space between the columns 19. In this case, when the main entrance 16 is open, privacy can be protected by shielding the interior from the outside world.
  • As described above, according to the plan of the present example, the upper limit or lower limit position of the canopy or the like which is placed above the porch 17 arranged outside of the main entrance 16 can be designed and constructed easily and conveniently. Consequently, the occurrence of damaged materials due to the notches on the exterior member which is used can be suppressed to a minimum.
  • In addition, the present example is described for the arrangement of the canopy or the like by setting the boundary surface of the joint section of the exterior member in the height direction where the above-described plan method is used as an indicator. When viewed from the front, it is necessary to arrange each section of the exterior member in the width direction and thus there is a possibility of requiring the notches of the exterior member in the width direction.
  • However, the boundary surface of the joint section in the vertical direction of the exterior member which has a prescribed working width is set in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, with regard to the section such as the canopy or the like which has a prescribed width, the exterior member can be transversely attached, by being brought into contact with the left and right end sides thereof. Therefore, the notching work can be significantly reduced as a whole.
    • Industrial Applicability
  • According to a design method for a building and a building of the present invention, when designing and constructing the building, in the height of the building and setback from the site boundary in view of the designated land use district of the construction site and a maximum space capable of constructing the building in view of the building-to-land ratio and the floor area ratio, the arrangement position of a girt and/or a pole plate are/is determined by setting an interior groundwork member of a space in the height direction, as an indicator.
    In addition, there is provided a plan method which determines an upper limit position or a lower limit position for setting a specific section such as a window or a balcony by setting a boundary surface of a joint section in the vertical direction of an exterior member which configures an outer wall of a building structure and has a prescribed working width, as the indicator. Therefore, application is also possible to a building other than the building according to a usual construction method.
    • Reference Numerals
    • 1
    building
    2
    foundation
    3
    substructure
    4, 41
    floor panel
    5, 51
    flooring
    6, 61
    interior groundwork member
    7, 22
    girt
    8
    pole plate
    9
    roof
    10
    canopy soffit
    11
    window
    12
    drainage
    13
    exterior member
    14
    beam member
    15
    main entrance parapet
    16
    main entrance
    17
    porch
    18
    ceiling
    19
    column
    20
    balcony
    21
    sliding patio door

Claims (7)

  1. A design method for a building,
    wherein when constructing a building structure, a lower limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a parapet which are arranged at an outer wall of a building structure is determined by utilizing a working width of an exterior member which has a constant shape and is used to build the outer wall of the building structure, as an indicator.
  2. The design method for a building according to claim 1,
    wherein the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the parapet are arranged by matching the lower limit position or the upper limit position with either an upper edge or a lower edge of a plurality of exterior members used in constructing the outer wall.
  3. The design method for a building according to claim 1 or 2,
    wherein in the building structure, a height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure laid on a foundation sets a height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure.
  4. The design method for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    wherein in the building structure, a porch is arranged outside of the main entrance, a plurality of beam members is protruded outward with a desired length on the porch, by being matched with a width of the main entrance, a tip of each beam member is supported by a column member and/or a wall member, and the upper portion of the beam member is covered by a canopy member, or a floor surface of the parapet or the balcony.
  5. The design method for a building according to claim 4,
    wherein the main entrance is designed to have a desired opening width and the height within the height of the girt or the pole plate from the substructure laid on the foundation, and the porch arranged outside of the main entrance is matched with the surface of the foundation.
  6. A building,
    wherein when constructing a building structure, a height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure sets a height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the substructure, and
    wherein a lower limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a parapet to be arranged at the building structure is determined by utilizing a working width of an exterior member which has a constant shape and is used to build the outer wall of the building structure, as an indicator.
  7. The design method for a building according to claim 6,
    wherein either the lower limit position or the upper limit position of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the parapet is matched with either an upper edge or a lower edge of a plurality of exterior members used in constructing the outer wall.
EP10849390.9A 2010-04-09 2010-12-27 Building design method Withdrawn EP2557253A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010090031A JP2011219981A (en) 2010-04-09 2010-04-09 Building designing method and building
JP2010135969A JP2012001921A (en) 2010-06-15 2010-06-15 Method for designing eave at vestibule, and eave
PCT/JP2010/007570 WO2011125146A1 (en) 2010-04-09 2010-12-27 Building design method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2557253A1 true EP2557253A1 (en) 2013-02-13
EP2557253A4 EP2557253A4 (en) 2015-06-24

Family

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EP10849390.9A Withdrawn EP2557253A4 (en) 2010-04-09 2010-12-27 Building design method

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EP (1) EP2557253A4 (en)
KR (1) KR20130086135A (en)
CN (1) CN102933780A (en)
CA (1) CA2795700A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011125146A1 (en)

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US11319702B2 (en) * 2018-10-30 2022-05-03 Westbank Projects Corp. Apartment balcony

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2557253A4 (en) 2015-06-24
US20130097949A1 (en) 2013-04-25
KR20130086135A (en) 2013-07-31
CA2795700A1 (en) 2011-10-13
CN102933780A (en) 2013-02-13
WO2011125146A1 (en) 2011-10-13

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