EP2557233B1 - Tool with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work - Google Patents

Tool with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2557233B1
EP2557233B1 EP11006636.2A EP11006636A EP2557233B1 EP 2557233 B1 EP2557233 B1 EP 2557233B1 EP 11006636 A EP11006636 A EP 11006636A EP 2557233 B1 EP2557233 B1 EP 2557233B1
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Prior art keywords
hydraulic
displacement
motor
way
volume stream
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EP11006636.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2557233A1 (en
EP2557233B2 (en
Inventor
Christian Heichel
Albrecht Kleibl
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ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
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ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
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Application filed by ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH filed Critical ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
Priority to EP11006636.2A priority Critical patent/EP2557233B2/en
Priority to US13/571,710 priority patent/US9399850B2/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/18—Placing by vibrating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a piling or drilling apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a piling or drilling rig according to the preamble of Patent claim 4.
  • the hydraulic group usually consists of a hydraulic pump, preferably with variable displacement (variable displacement), by a drive motor, for.
  • a working device with hydraulic drive z. B. a hydraulic motor and a control unit.
  • the hydraulic group is operated with a fluid in a hydraulic circuit. The product of pressure and volume flow of the fluid gives the hydraulic power.
  • Vibration rams are used, for example, to bring objects such as profiles in the ground or to pull out of the ground or to compact soil material.
  • the soil is stimulated by vibration and thus reaches a "pseudo-liquid" state.
  • By static load the pile can then be pressed into the ground.
  • Vibration rams regularly have linearly acting vibration exciters whose centrifugal force is generated by rotating imbalances.
  • the course of the velocity of the linear vibration exciter corresponds to a periodically recurring function, for example a sine function.
  • the vibration exciters are operated with hydraulic rotary actuators, which set the waves on which the imbalances are arranged in rotation.
  • the required drive power can differ considerably during operation. So z. B. different soil conditions or different Rammgut different drive power. At idle, however, the required drive power is very low. Thus, situations occur regularly in which the maximum power offered by the hydraulic circuit is not required, or can not be implemented. In conventional vibration exciters with hydraulic motors, which do not have a variable displacement (constant speed motors), the working pressure is reduced at a constant volumetric flow, while the volumetric flow-dependent power losses in the hydraulic circuit remain constant.
  • variable displacement variable displacement
  • drills are used, inter alia, for the production of pile foundations, z. B. bored piles and concrete piles used to increase the sustainability of the ground or for soil replacement measures.
  • the drilling drives connected to the drill are generally hydraulic rotary drives to which a drill string or drilling tools is or are attached.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in which the efficiency is increased. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a working device having the features of patent claim 1.
  • a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work in particular a piling or drilling machine is created, which has a higher efficiency. It has been found that it makes sense energetically, with less power requirement, the hydraulic flow instead of the To reduce pressure.
  • a control and regulating unit which is set up such that a reduction in the volume flow is effected in the event of a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, if maximum power is not required, the drive of the working device is operated at the same speed with less fluid.
  • the retrieved power of the drive motor is reduced, whereby diesel consumption and noise emission is reduced.
  • a lower cooling capacity is required for the lower volume flow, whereby the energy requirement is further reduced. Last but not least, the wear on the drive of the implement is reduced.
  • the torque required for drilling increases with increasing depth.
  • the implement is operated at maximum speed, but works due to the low load at very low pressure.
  • the resulting volume flow and pressure power is low, the power loss, which results independently of the pressure from the flow, already reaches its maximum value.
  • the power loss remains approximately the same.
  • the speed of the implement decreases and the pressure continues to rise. If the speed of the implement continues to decrease after reaching the maximum allowable pressure, the pressure will remain constant, reducing the volume flow offered in the hydraulic circuit yourself. This means that the power offered in the hydraulic circuit can not be called up any more than with maximum flow and low pressure.
  • a lower speed can be used to achieve a higher speed and faster drilling at low load, or to reduce the power dissipation resulting from flow resistances by simultaneously reducing the flow rate.
  • the characteristic curve of the hydraulic circuit usually the achievable pressure is shown as a function of the volume flow
  • the volume flow of the hydraulic circuit can be adjusted by appropriate settings of the pump, eg. be specified by changing the speed of the drive motor and / or changing the displacement of the pump.
  • the displacement of the variable displacement motor is adjusted depending on the pressure, so that the implement is always operated in the range of maximum power. At high load, the speed of the implement will be lower than at low load. If the power is not required, the displacement of the variable displacement motor and the flow rate should be reduced at the same time, so that the optimum pressure is maintained and the losses in the hydraulic circuit are reduced to a minimum.
  • the displacement of the variable displacement motor as well as the volume flow must be regulated as a function of the pressure.
  • the present invention makes it possible, on the one hand, the offered On the other hand, the power loss can be reduced with lower power requirements.
  • the "displacement volume" of a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic pump is understood to mean the amount of hydraulic fluid which is enforced during rotation. While in conventional hydraulic motors with fixed displacement a reduction of the speed is only possible through a reduction of the volume flow, which simultaneously reduces the performance of the engine, with a variable displacement hydraulic motor at constant flow rate by changing the displacement volume, the speed can be reduced simultaneously The torque of the engine is increased and the power remains constant.
  • the power can be adjusted via the flow rate provided by the hydraulic pump at a constant speed of the hydraulic motor.
  • the means for changing the volume flow are formed by a drive motor through which the pump is operated, wherein to reduce the volume flow, the speed of the drive motor can be reduced via the control unit. Reducing engine speed minimizes fuel consumption and reduces noise emissions from the engine.
  • the hydraulic pump has a variable displacement volume, whereby the means for changing the volume flow are formed, wherein the displacement of the hydraulic pump to reduce the volume flow via the control unit is reducible.
  • the present invention is further based on the object, a method for operating a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a pile or drilling rig, comprising at least one hydraulic motor with variable displacement, which is operated via a fluid of a hydraulic circuit, which is powered by a pump is to provide, which allows a higher efficiency of the implement.
  • this object is achieved in that at a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, the displacement of the hydraulic motor and the fluid volume flow is reduced.
  • a method for operating a working device with hydraulic drive which allows an increase in power transmission, or reduces the losses of the hydraulic group to a minimum.
  • the hydraulic pump is driven by a drive motor, whereby the reduction of the volume flow takes place by reducing the speed of the motor.
  • a hydraulic pump with variable displacement is used, wherein the reduction of the volume flow is effected by reducing the absorption volume of the pump.
  • the vibration generator 1 selected as an exemplary embodiment of a vibration ram (not shown) consists essentially of a housing 10 in which working shafts 11 provided with toothed wheels 12 are rotatably mounted.
  • the gears 12 are each provided with imbalance masses 13, wherein the gears 12 of both working shafts 11 via gears 15 with the rotor shaft 16 of a pivot motor 14 are engaged.
  • the provided with imbalance masses 13 gears 12 are adjustable relative to each other via the pivot motor 14 in its rotational position, whereby the resulting imbalance or the resulting static torque is adjustable.
  • the drive shafts 11 are each connected to a hydraulic motor 2, via which they are driven.
  • Vibratorgetriebe are the expert, for example from the DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 known.
  • FIG. 2 the hydraulic circuit for a hydraulic motor 2 of the vibrator 1 is created in principle.
  • the hydraulic motor 2 has a variable displacement and is fed via a variable displacement pump 3, which is driven by a drive motor 4.
  • the hydraulic motor 2 upstream of a pressure sensor 5 is arranged, which is connected to a control and regulating device 6.
  • the control and regulating device 6 is set up in such a way that a reduction in the absorption volume of the hydraulic motor 2 as well as a reduction in the volume flow is effected in the event of a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit.
  • the control and regulating device 6 is connected in the embodiment both with the variable displacement pump 3, as well as with the drive motor 4.
  • control and regulating device 6 is adjustable, to what extent a required reduction in the volume flow by reducing the absorption volume of the variable displacement 3 or by reducing the Speed of the drive motor 4 is effected.
  • the reduction of the volume flow is only possible by reducing the absorption volume of the variable displacement pump 3 or only by reducing the speed of the drive motor 4.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic circuit upstream of the hydraulic motor 2 is detected continuously via the pressure sensor 5 and reported to the control and regulating device 6. If a pressure drop is detected, which may be caused, for example, by a change in the soil condition and the associated reduced power requirement, or by a rest phase during operation, the speed of the drive motor 4 is reduced and / or the displacement of the variable displacement 3 is reduced. At the same time, the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 is reduced via the control and regulating device 6 such that the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 2 remains constant.
  • the rotational speed of the drive motor 4 is increased and / or the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 is increased, at which time the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 is increased to such an extent that the rotational speed remains constant.
  • the power of the vibrator over the volume flow which is provided by the variable displacement pump 3, according to the retrieved power adjustable.
  • This method is equally applicable to the operation of other hydraulic drive implements, such as drills.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Arbeitsgerät mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten, insbesondere ein Ramm- oder Bohrgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Arbeitsgerätes mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten, insbesondere eines Ramm- oder Bohrgerätes nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 4.The invention relates to a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a piling or drilling apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for operating a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a piling or drilling rig according to the preamble of Patent claim 4.

Im Bauwesen werden unterschiedliche Arbeitsgeräte mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten in einer hydraulischen Gruppe betrieben. Die hydraulische Gruppe besteht in der Regel aus einer Hydraulikpumpe, vorzugsweise mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen (Verstellpumpe), die von einem Antriebsmotor, z. B. einem Verbrennungsmotor, angetrieben wird, einem Arbeitsgerät mit hydraulischem Antrieb, z. B. einem Hydraulikmotor sowie einer Steuer- bzw. Regeleinheit. Die hydraulische Gruppe wird mit einem Fluid in einem Hydraulikkreislauf betrieben. Das Produkt aus Druck und Volumenstrom des Fluids ergibt die hydraulische Leistung.In the construction industry, different working tools with hydraulic drive are used for civil engineering work in a hydraulic group. The hydraulic group usually consists of a hydraulic pump, preferably with variable displacement (variable displacement), by a drive motor, for. As an internal combustion engine is driven, a working device with hydraulic drive, z. B. a hydraulic motor and a control unit. The hydraulic group is operated with a fluid in a hydraulic circuit. The product of pressure and volume flow of the fluid gives the hydraulic power.

Als Arbeitsgeräte werden beispielsweise Vibrationsrammen verwendet, um Objekte, wie beispielsweise Profile, in den Boden einzubringen oder aus dem Boden zu ziehen oder auch um Bodenmaterial zu verdichten. Der Boden wird durch Vibration angeregt und erreicht so ein "pseudoflüssigen" Zustand. Durch statische Auflast kann das Rammgut dann in den Baugrund gedrückt werden. Vibrationsrammen weisen regelmäßig linear wirkende Schwingungserreger auf, deren Fliehkraft durch rotierende Unwuchten generiert wird. Der Verlauf der Geschwindigkeit des linearen Schwingungserregers entspricht einer periodisch wiederkehrenden Funktion, beispielsweise einer Sinusfunktion.As tools vibratory rams are used, for example, to bring objects such as profiles in the ground or to pull out of the ground or to compact soil material. The soil is stimulated by vibration and thus reaches a "pseudo-liquid" state. By static load the pile can then be pressed into the ground. Vibration rams regularly have linearly acting vibration exciters whose centrifugal force is generated by rotating imbalances. The course of the velocity of the linear vibration exciter corresponds to a periodically recurring function, for example a sine function.

Die Schwingungserreger werden mit hydraulischen Drehantrieben betrieben, welche die Wellen, auf denen die Unwuchten angeordnet sind, in Rotation versetzen.The vibration exciters are operated with hydraulic rotary actuators, which set the waves on which the imbalances are arranged in rotation.

Die erforderliche Antriebsleistung kann im Betrieb erheblich differieren. So erfordern z. B. unterschiedliche Bodenbeschaffenheiten oder unterschiedliches Rammgut unterschiedliche Antriebsleistungen. Im Leerlauf hingegen ist die erforderliche Antriebsleistung sehr gering. Regelmäßig treten somit Situationen auf, in denen die vom Hydraulikkreislauf angebotene maximale Leistung nicht erforderlich ist, bzw. nicht umgesetzt werden kann. Bei herkömmlichen Schwingungserregern mit Hydraulikmotoren, die nicht über ein veränderbares Schluckvolumen (Konstantmotoren) verfügen, geht dabei bei konstantem Volumenstrom der Arbeitsdruck zurück, die vom Volumenstrom abhängigen Leistungsverluste im Hydraulikkreislauf bleiben dabei konstant.The required drive power can differ considerably during operation. So z. B. different soil conditions or different Rammgut different drive power. At idle, however, the required drive power is very low. Thus, situations occur regularly in which the maximum power offered by the hydraulic circuit is not required, or can not be implemented. In conventional vibration exciters with hydraulic motors, which do not have a variable displacement (constant speed motors), the working pressure is reduced at a constant volumetric flow, while the volumetric flow-dependent power losses in the hydraulic circuit remain constant.

Bei Schwingungserregern mit Hydraulikmotoren mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen (Verstellmotoren) ist, wie dem Fachmann aus EP2085149A1 bekannt, ein Betrieb in unterschiedlichen Drehzahlbereichen ohne Leistungsabfall möglich.For vibration exciters with hydraulic motors with variable displacement (variable displacement) is, as the expert from EP2085149A1 known, operation in different speed ranges possible without power loss.

Weiterhin im Bauwesen verbreitete Arbeitsgeräte mit hydraulischem Antrieb sind so genannte Bohrgeräte. Diese werden unter anderem zur Herstellung von Pfahlgründungen, z. B. Bohrpfähle und Betonpfähle zur Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit des Baugrundes oder für Bodenaustauschmaßnahmen verwendet. Die mit dem Bohrgerät verbundenen Bohrantriebe sind in der Regel hydraulische Drehantriebe, an denen ein Bohrgestänge bzw. Bohrwerkzeuge befestigt ist bzw. sind.Furthermore in the construction industry widespread tools with hydraulic drive are so-called drills. These are used, inter alia, for the production of pile foundations, z. B. bored piles and concrete piles used to increase the sustainability of the ground or for soil replacement measures. The drilling drives connected to the drill are generally hydraulic rotary drives to which a drill string or drilling tools is or are attached.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Arbeitsgerät mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten bereitzustellen, bei dem der Wirkungsgrad erhöht ist. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Arbeitsgerät mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.Object of the present invention is to provide a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in which the efficiency is increased. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a working device having the features of patent claim 1.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein Arbeitsgerät mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten, insbesondere ein Ramm- oder Bohrgerät geschaffen, das einen höheren Wirkungsgrad aufweist. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass es energetisch sinnvoll ist, bei geringerem Leistungsbedarf den hydraulischen Volumenstrom anstatt des Drucks zu reduzieren. Durch das Vorsehen einer Steuer- und Regeleinheit, die derart eingerichtet ist, dass bei einem Druckabfall im Hydraulikkreislauf eine Verringerung des Volumenstroms bewirkt ist, wird der Antrieb des Arbeitsgerätes, wenn maximale Leistung nicht erforderlich ist, bei gleicher Drehzahl mit weniger Fluid betrieben. Hierdurch wird zum einen die abgerufene Leistung des Antriebsmotors reduziert, wodurch Dieselverbrauch sowie Lärmemission vermindert wird. Darüber hinaus ist für den geringeren Volumenstrom eine geringere Kühlleistung erforderlich, wodurch der Energiebedarf weiter gesenkt wird. Nicht zuletzt wird der Verschleiß des Antriebes des Arbeitsgerätes reduziert.With the invention, a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a piling or drilling machine is created, which has a higher efficiency. It has been found that it makes sense energetically, with less power requirement, the hydraulic flow instead of the To reduce pressure. By providing a control and regulating unit, which is set up such that a reduction in the volume flow is effected in the event of a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, if maximum power is not required, the drive of the working device is operated at the same speed with less fluid. As a result, on the one hand the retrieved power of the drive motor is reduced, whereby diesel consumption and noise emission is reduced. In addition, a lower cooling capacity is required for the lower volume flow, whereby the energy requirement is further reduced. Last but not least, the wear on the drive of the implement is reduced.

Herkömmliche Bohrgeräte treiben das Arbeitgerät mit Hydraulikmotoren an, die entweder nicht über ein veränderbares Schluckvolumen verfügen (Konstantmotor) oder deren veränderbares Schluckvolumen (Verstellmotor) auf mehrere fest vorgegebene Werte einstellbar ist. Bei Konstantmotoren ergibt sich die maximale Motordrehzahl aus dem im Hydraulikkreislauf angebotenen Volumenstrom, wobei üblicherweise bei maximalem Volumenstrom der verfügbare Druck etwas geringer ist als der Maximaldruck, der meist über einen weiten Drehzahlbereich bis kurz unterhalb der Maximaldrehzahl zugelassen wird.Conventional drills drive the working unit with hydraulic motors which either do not have a variable displacement volume (fixed-displacement motor) or whose variable displacement (adjustment motor) can be set to several fixed values. In fixed-displacement engines, the maximum engine speed results from the volumetric flow offered in the hydraulic circuit, whereby the available pressure is usually somewhat lower than the maximum pressure which is usually permitted over a wide engine speed range just below the maximum engine speed at maximum volumetric flow.

Allgemein steigt das zum Bohren erforderliche Drehmoment, beispielsweise durch wachsende Mantelreibung, mit zunehmender Tiefe an. Zu Beginn der Bohrung, sozusagen im Leerlauf, wird das Arbeitsgerät mit Maximaldrehzahl betrieben, arbeitet aber aufgrund der geringen Belastung mit sehr niedrigem Druck. Die sich aus Volumenstrom und Druck ergebende Leistung ist gering, die Verlustleistung, die sich unabhängig vom Druck aus dem Volumenstrom ergibt, erreicht bereits ihren Maximalwert. Mit steigender Mantelreibung steigt mit dem Druck die am Arbeitsgerät umgesetzte Leistung an, die Verlustleistung bleibt annähernd gleich. Mit Erreichen des bei maximaler Fördermenge verfügbaren Drucks reduziert sich die Drehzahl des Arbeitsgeräts, der Druck steigt weiter. Sinkt die Drehzahl des Arbeitsgeräts nach Erreichen des zulässigen Maximaldrucks weiter ab, bleibt der Druck konstant, der im Hydraulikkreislauf angebotene Volumenstrom reduziert sich. Damit kann die im Hydraulikkreislauf angebotene Leistung ebenso wenig abgerufen werden wie bei maximalem Volumenstrom und niedrigem Druck.In general, the torque required for drilling, for example due to increasing skin friction, increases with increasing depth. At the beginning of the drilling, so to speak idling, the implement is operated at maximum speed, but works due to the low load at very low pressure. The resulting volume flow and pressure power is low, the power loss, which results independently of the pressure from the flow, already reaches its maximum value. As the jacket friction increases, the pressure on the implement increases with the pressure, the power loss remains approximately the same. When the pressure available at maximum flow rate is reached, the speed of the implement decreases and the pressure continues to rise. If the speed of the implement continues to decrease after reaching the maximum allowable pressure, the pressure will remain constant, reducing the volume flow offered in the hydraulic circuit yourself. This means that the power offered in the hydraulic circuit can not be called up any more than with maximum flow and low pressure.

Wird das Schluckvolumen eines Arbeitsgerätes mit Verstellmotor auf fest vorgegebenen Werten schrittweise verstellt, kann auf die sich ändernden Anforderungen besser reagiert werden, prinzipiell verhält sich jedoch ein solcher Antrieb ebenso wie ein Konstantmotor, nur in gewissen vorgegebenen Stufungen.If the displacement of a working device with adjusting motor is adjusted stepwise to fixed values, it is possible to better respond to the changing requirements, but in principle such a drive behaves just like a constant motor, only in certain predefined increments.

Wird das Arbeitsgerät durch einen Verstellmotor angetrieben, kann bei niedriger Belastung entweder durch Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens eine höhere Drehzahl erreicht und schneller gebohrt werden oder es wird durch gleichzeitige Reduzierung des Volumenstroms die sich aus Strömungswiderständen ergebende Verlustleistung verkleinert. Entlang der Kennlinie des Hydraulikkreislaufs (üblicherweise wird der erreichbare Druck in Abhängigkeit vom Volumenstrom dargestellt) befindet sich ein Bereich, in dem das Produkt aus Druck (bzw. Differenzdruck am Hydraulikmotor) und Volumenstrom einen Maximalwert erreicht. Um die maximale Arbeitsleistung zu erreichen, sollte das Bohrgerät in diesem Bereich der maximal verfügbaren Leistung betrieben werden. Der Volumenstrom des Hydraulikkreislaufs kann durch entsprechende Einstellungen der Pumpe, z .B. durch Drehzahländerung des Antriebsmotors und/oder verändertes Schluckvolumen der Pumpe vorgegeben werden. Das Schluckvolumen des Verstellmotors wird in Abhängigkeit vom Druck eingestellt, so dass das Arbeitsgerät immer im Bereich der maximalen Leistung betrieben wird. Bei hoher Belastung wird die Drehzahl des Arbeitsgerätes niedriger sein als bei geringer Belastung. Wird die Leistung nicht benötigt, sollten Schluckvolumen des Verstellmotors und Volumenstrom gleichzeitig reduziert werden, so dass der optimale Druck erhalten bleibt und die Verluste im hydraulischen Kreislauf auf ein Minimum reduziert werden.If the implement is driven by a variable displacement motor, a lower speed can be used to achieve a higher speed and faster drilling at low load, or to reduce the power dissipation resulting from flow resistances by simultaneously reducing the flow rate. Along the characteristic curve of the hydraulic circuit (usually the achievable pressure is shown as a function of the volume flow) there is an area in which the product of pressure (or differential pressure at the hydraulic motor) and volumetric flow reaches a maximum value. To achieve maximum performance, the rig should be operated in this range of maximum available power. The volume flow of the hydraulic circuit can be adjusted by appropriate settings of the pump, eg. be specified by changing the speed of the drive motor and / or changing the displacement of the pump. The displacement of the variable displacement motor is adjusted depending on the pressure, so that the implement is always operated in the range of maximum power. At high load, the speed of the implement will be lower than at low load. If the power is not required, the displacement of the variable displacement motor and the flow rate should be reduced at the same time, so that the optimum pressure is maintained and the losses in the hydraulic circuit are reduced to a minimum.

Um die beschriebenen Betriebszustände zu erreichen, muss das Schluckvolumen des Verstellmotors sowie der Volumenstrom in Abhängigkeit vom Druck geregelt werden. Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht es einerseits, die angebotene Leistung in unterschiedlichsten Betriebssituationen abzurufen, andererseits kann bei niedrigerem Leistungsbedarf die Verlustleistung reduziert werden.In order to achieve the described operating conditions, the displacement of the variable displacement motor as well as the volume flow must be regulated as a function of the pressure. The present invention makes it possible, on the one hand, the offered On the other hand, the power loss can be reduced with lower power requirements.

Unter dem "Schluckvolumen" eines hydraulischen Motors bzw. einer hydraulischen Pumpe ist die Menge an Hydraulikfluid zu verstehen, die bei Umdrehung durchgesetzt wird. Während bei konventionellen Hydraulikmotoren mit festem Schluckvolumen eine Reduzierung der Drehzahl nur über eine Verringerung des Volumenstromes möglich ist, wodurch gleichzeitig die Leistung des Motors verringert wird, kann mit einem Hydraulikmotor mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen bei konstantem Volumenstrom durch Veränderung des Schluckvolumens die Drehzahl verringert werden, wodurch gleichzeitig das Drehmoment des Motors erhöht wird und die Leistung konstant bleibt.The "displacement volume" of a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic pump is understood to mean the amount of hydraulic fluid which is enforced during rotation. While in conventional hydraulic motors with fixed displacement a reduction of the speed is only possible through a reduction of the volume flow, which simultaneously reduces the performance of the engine, with a variable displacement hydraulic motor at constant flow rate by changing the displacement volume, the speed can be reduced simultaneously The torque of the engine is increased and the power remains constant.

Bei verringertem Leistungsbedarf kann mit einem Hydraulikmotor mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen bei verringertem Schluckvolumen und bei gleichem Druck der Volumenstrom und damit die Verluste in der hydraulischen Gruppe auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Mit anderen Worten, mit konstanter Druckeinstellung kann die Leistung über den Volumenstrom, der von der Hydraulikpumpe bereitgestellt wird, bei konstanter Drehzahl des Hydraulikmotors eingestellt werden.With reduced power requirements, with a variable displacement hydraulic motor with reduced displacement and pressure, the flow rate and thus the losses in the hydraulic group can be minimized. In other words, with constant pressure adjustment, the power can be adjusted via the flow rate provided by the hydraulic pump at a constant speed of the hydraulic motor.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Mittel zur Änderung des Volumenstroms durch einen Antriebsmotor gebildet, durch den die Pumpe betrieben ist, wobei zur Verringerung des Volumenstroms die Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors über die Steuer- und Regeleinheit reduzierbar ist. Durch die Reduzierung der Motordrehzahl wird der Kraftstoffverbrauch minimiert sowie von dem Motor indizierte Lärmemissionen reduziert.In a further development of the invention, the means for changing the volume flow are formed by a drive motor through which the pump is operated, wherein to reduce the volume flow, the speed of the drive motor can be reduced via the control unit. Reducing engine speed minimizes fuel consumption and reduces noise emissions from the engine.

Alternativ oder in Kombination weist die Hydraulikpumpe ein variables Schluckvolumen auf, wodurch die Mittel zur Änderung des Volumenstroms gebildet sind, wobei das Schluckvolumen der Hydraulikpumpe zur Verringerung des Volumenstroms über die Steuer- und Regeleinheit reduzierbar ist.Alternatively or in combination, the hydraulic pump has a variable displacement volume, whereby the means for changing the volume flow are formed, wherein the displacement of the hydraulic pump to reduce the volume flow via the control unit is reducible.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt weiterhin die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Arbeitsgerätes mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten, insbesondere eines Ramm- oder Bohrgerätes, umfassend wenigstens einen Hydraulikmotor mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen, der über ein Fluid eines Hydraulikkreislaufs betrieben ist, der über eine Pumpe gespeist ist, bereitzustellen, welches einen höheren Wirkungsgrad des Arbeitsgerätes ermöglicht. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass bei einem Druckabfall im Hydraulikkreislauf das Schluckvolumen des Hydraulikmotors sowie der Fluidvolumenstrom reduziert wird.The present invention is further based on the object, a method for operating a working device with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a pile or drilling rig, comprising at least one hydraulic motor with variable displacement, which is operated via a fluid of a hydraulic circuit, which is powered by a pump is to provide, which allows a higher efficiency of the implement. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that at a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, the displacement of the hydraulic motor and the fluid volume flow is reduced.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Arbeitsgerätes mit hydraulischem Antrieb geschaffen, das eine Erhöhung der Leistungsübertragung ermöglicht, bzw. die Verluste der hydraulischen Gruppe auf ein Minimum reduziert.With the invention, a method for operating a working device with hydraulic drive is provided, which allows an increase in power transmission, or reduces the losses of the hydraulic group to a minimum.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Hydraulikpumpe über einen Antriebsmotor angetrieben, wobei die Reduzierung des Volumenstroms durch Reduzierung der Drehzahl des Motors erfolgt. Hierdurch ist eine Reduzierung des Treibstoffverbrauchs sowie der durch den Motor initiierten Lärmimmissionen erzielt.In a further development of the invention, the hydraulic pump is driven by a drive motor, whereby the reduction of the volume flow takes place by reducing the speed of the motor. As a result, a reduction in fuel consumption and initiated by the engine noise immissions is achieved.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird eine Hydraulikpumpe mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen eingesetzt, wobei die Reduzierung des Volumenstroms durch eine Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens der Pumpe erfolgt.In a further embodiment of the invention, a hydraulic pump with variable displacement is used, wherein the reduction of the volume flow is effected by reducing the absorption volume of the pump.

Andere Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den übrigen Unteransprüchen angegeben. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird nachfolgend im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
die schematische Darstellung eines Schwingungserzeugers einer Vibrationsramme im Längsschnitt und
Figur 2
die schematische Darstellung des Hydraulikkreislaufs der hydraulischen Antriebe des Schwingungserzeugers gemäß Figur 1.
Other developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining subclaims. An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail below. Show it:
FIG. 1
the schematic representation of a vibrator of a vibrating hammer in longitudinal section and
FIG. 2
the schematic representation of the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic drives of the vibrator according to FIG. 1 ,

Der als Ausführungsbeispiel gewählte Schwingungserzeuger 1 einer - nicht dargestellten - Vibrationsramme besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Gehäuse 10, in dem mit Zahnrädern 12 versehene Arbeitswellen 11 drehbar gelagert sind. Die Zahnräder 12 sind jeweils mit Unwuchtmassen 13 versehen, wobei die Zahnräder 12 beider Arbeitswellen 11 über Zahnräder 15 mit der Rotorwelle 16 eines Schwenkmotors 14 im Eingriff sind. Die mit Unwuchtmassen 13 versehenen Zahnräder 12 sind über den Schwenkmotor 14 in ihrer rotatorischen Position relativ zueinander verstellbar, wodurch die resultierende Unwucht beziehungsweise das resultierende statische Moment einstellbar ist. Die Antriebswellen 11 sind jeweils mit einem Hydraulikmotor 2 verbunden, über den sie antreibbar sind. Derartige Vibratorgetriebe sind dem Fachmann beispielsweise aus der DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 bekannt.The vibration generator 1 selected as an exemplary embodiment of a vibration ram (not shown) consists essentially of a housing 10 in which working shafts 11 provided with toothed wheels 12 are rotatably mounted. The gears 12 are each provided with imbalance masses 13, wherein the gears 12 of both working shafts 11 via gears 15 with the rotor shaft 16 of a pivot motor 14 are engaged. The provided with imbalance masses 13 gears 12 are adjustable relative to each other via the pivot motor 14 in its rotational position, whereby the resulting imbalance or the resulting static torque is adjustable. The drive shafts 11 are each connected to a hydraulic motor 2, via which they are driven. Such Vibratorgetriebe are the expert, for example from the DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 known.

In Figur 2 ist der Hydraulikkreislauf für einen Hydraulikmotor 2 des Schwingungserzeugers 1 prinzipiell erstellt. Der Hydraulikmotor 2 weist ein veränderbares Schluckvolumen auf und wird über eine Verstellpumpe 3 gespeist, die über einen Antriebsmotor 4 angetrieben ist. In dem Hydraulikkreislauf ist dem Hydraulikmotor 2 vorgeschaltet ein Drucksensor 5 angeordnet, der mit einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 verbunden ist. Die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 ist derart eingerichtet, dass bei einem Druckabfall im Hydraulikkreislauf eine Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens des Hydraulikmotors 2 sowie eine Verringerung des Volumenstroms bewirkt ist. Hierzu ist die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 im Ausführungsbeispiel sowohl mit der Verstellpumpe 3, als auch mit dem Antriebsmotor 4 verbunden. In der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 ist einstellbar, zu welchem Anteil eine erforderliche Verringerung des Volumenstroms durch Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens der Verstellpumpe 3 beziehungsweise durch Verminderung der Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors 4 bewirkt wird. Selbstverständlich ist die Verringerung des Volumenstroms auch nur durch Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens der Verstellpumpe 3 beziehungsweise nur durch Verringerung der Drehzahl des Antriebesmotors 4 möglich.In FIG. 2 the hydraulic circuit for a hydraulic motor 2 of the vibrator 1 is created in principle. The hydraulic motor 2 has a variable displacement and is fed via a variable displacement pump 3, which is driven by a drive motor 4. In the hydraulic circuit, the hydraulic motor 2 upstream of a pressure sensor 5 is arranged, which is connected to a control and regulating device 6. The control and regulating device 6 is set up in such a way that a reduction in the absorption volume of the hydraulic motor 2 as well as a reduction in the volume flow is effected in the event of a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit. For this purpose, the control and regulating device 6 is connected in the embodiment both with the variable displacement pump 3, as well as with the drive motor 4. In the control and regulating device 6 is adjustable, to what extent a required reduction in the volume flow by reducing the absorption volume of the variable displacement 3 or by reducing the Speed of the drive motor 4 is effected. Of course, the reduction of the volume flow is only possible by reducing the absorption volume of the variable displacement pump 3 or only by reducing the speed of the drive motor 4.

Im Betrieb des Schwingungserzeugers 1 wird der Druck des Hydraulikkreislaufs vor dem Hydraulikmotor 2 kontinuierlich über den Drucksensor 5 erfasst und an die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 gemeldet. Wird ein Druckabfall detektiert, der beispielsweise durch eine Veränderung der Bodenbeschaffenheit und des damit verbundenen verringerten Leistungsbedarfs, oder auch durch eine Ruhephase im Arbeitsbetrieb bedingt sein kann, wird die Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors 4 reduziert und/oder das Schluckvolumen der Verstellpumpe 3 verringert. Gleichzeitig wird das Schluckvolumen des Hydraulikmotors 2 über die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 derart verringert, dass die Drehzahl des Hydraulikmotors 2 konstant bleibt. Zeigt der Drucksensor 5 einen Druckanstieg im Hydraulikkreislauf an, der regelmäßig durch eine erhöhte Leistungsanforderung bedingt ist, wird die Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors 4 erhöht und/oder das Schluckvolumen der Verstellpumpe 3 erhöht, wobei gleichzeitig das Schluckvolumen des Hydraulikmotors 2 soweit vergrößert wird, dass die Drehzahl weiterhin konstant bleibt. Auf diese Weise ist die Leistung des Schwingungserzeugers über den Volumenstrom, der von der Verstellpumpe 3 bereitgestellt wird, entsprechend der abgerufenen Leistung einstellbar. Dieses Verfahren ist gleichsam auf den Betrieb von anderen Arbeitsgeräten mit hydraulischem Antrieb, wie beispielsweise von Bohrgeräten übertragbar.During operation of the vibration generator 1, the pressure of the hydraulic circuit upstream of the hydraulic motor 2 is detected continuously via the pressure sensor 5 and reported to the control and regulating device 6. If a pressure drop is detected, which may be caused, for example, by a change in the soil condition and the associated reduced power requirement, or by a rest phase during operation, the speed of the drive motor 4 is reduced and / or the displacement of the variable displacement 3 is reduced. At the same time, the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 is reduced via the control and regulating device 6 such that the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 2 remains constant. If the pressure sensor 5 indicates a pressure rise in the hydraulic circuit, which is regularly due to an increased power requirement, the rotational speed of the drive motor 4 is increased and / or the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 is increased, at which time the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 is increased to such an extent that the rotational speed remains constant. In this way, the power of the vibrator over the volume flow, which is provided by the variable displacement pump 3, according to the retrieved power adjustable. This method is equally applicable to the operation of other hydraulic drive implements, such as drills.

Claims (6)

  1. Work device having a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, particularly a pile-driving or drilling device, comprising at least one shaft that can be rotated by way of a hydraulic motor, wherein the hydraulic motor is operated by way of a fluid of a hydraulic circuit, which circuit is supplied by way of a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic motor (2) has a changeable displacement, and that means for a change in the volume stream are provided, characterized in that a sensor (5) for measuring the fluid pressure is disposed in the hydraulic circuit, which sensor is connected with a control and regulation unit (6), by way of which the displacement of the hydraulic motor (2) is adjustable, and by way of which the means for a change in the volume stream can be turned on, wherein the control and regulation unit (6) is set up in such a manner that in the event of a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, a reduction in the displacement of the hydraulic motor (2) as well as a reduction in the volume stream is brought about.
  2. Vibration exciter according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for a change in the volume stream are formed by a drive motor (4) by means of which the hydraulic pump (3) is operated, wherein the speed of rotation of the drive motor (4) can be reduced by way of the control and regulation unit (6), to reduce the volume stream.
  3. Vibration exciter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (3) has a changeable displacement, thereby forming the means for a change in the volume stream, wherein the displacement can be reduced to reduce the volume stream, by way of the control and regulation unit (6).
  4. Method for operation of a work device having a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, particularly of a pile-driving or drilling device, comprising at least one hydraulic motor having a changeable displacement, which is operated by way of a fluid of a hydraulic circuit, which is supplied by way of a hydraulic pump, characterized in that in the event of a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, the displacement of the hydraulic motor (2) as well as the volume stream is reduced.
  5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (3) is driven by way of a drive motor (4), wherein the reduction in the volume stream takes place by means of a reduction in the speed of rotation of the motor (4).
  6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a hydraulic pump (3) having a changeable displacement is used, wherein the reduction in the volume stream takes place by means of a reduction in the displacement of the pump (3).
EP11006636.2A 2011-08-12 2011-08-12 Tool with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work Active EP2557233B2 (en)

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EP11006636.2A EP2557233B2 (en) 2011-08-12 2011-08-12 Tool with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work
US13/571,710 US9399850B2 (en) 2011-08-12 2012-08-10 Device having a hydraulic drive for civil engineering

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EP2557233B2 (en) 2022-06-01
US20130036727A1 (en) 2013-02-14
US9399850B2 (en) 2016-07-26

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