EP2553340A1 - Chambre de combustion de turbomachine a compresseur centrifuge sans deflecteur - Google Patents
Chambre de combustion de turbomachine a compresseur centrifuge sans deflecteurInfo
- Publication number
- EP2553340A1 EP2553340A1 EP11715982A EP11715982A EP2553340A1 EP 2553340 A1 EP2553340 A1 EP 2553340A1 EP 11715982 A EP11715982 A EP 11715982A EP 11715982 A EP11715982 A EP 11715982A EP 2553340 A1 EP2553340 A1 EP 2553340A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- perforations
- chamber
- diffuser
- radially
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/002—Wall structures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/06—Arrangement of apertures along the flame tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
- F23R3/50—Combustion chambers comprising an annular flame tube within an annular casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/202—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/03041—Effusion cooled combustion chamber walls or domes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/03042—Film cooled combustion chamber walls or domes
Definitions
- the field of the present invention is that of turbomachines and more particularly that of the combustion chambers for these turbomachines.
- the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine receives compressed air that comes from a high pressure compressor arranged upstream, and provides, downstream, a gas heated by the combustion of a fuel mixed with this compressed air.
- the chamber is generally of annular type and is housed inside an engine casing, downstream of a diffuser whose function, by slowing down the flow of air, to transform the energy of the compression into a compatible shape for the operation of the combustion chamber and to guide the flow of compressed air at the outlet of the compressor. It also comprises an inner wall and an outer wall delimiting between them a combustion zone.
- the chamber In its upstream part the chamber comprises a transverse bottom wall chamber on which are provided openings each equipped with a carburized air supply system.
- Such a system is fueled from a liquid fuel injector and generally includes concentric annular grids that create swirling airflows, promoting the mixing of the air with the sprayed fuel web.
- the combustion chamber is terminated downstream by an opening which opens onto a turbine distributor and, more generally, on the turbomachine turbine module.
- the air from the diffuser enters an area surrounding the combustion chamber and flows, for a part, along the outer and inner walls thereof while the other part enters the interior of the chamber. combustion and participates in the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in a combustion zone.
- the combustion zone is schematically cut in two: a primary zone which is located immediately downstream of the wall of the chamber bottom and in which the combustion of the mixture takes place, in almost stoichiometric proportions thanks to a so-called air inlet primary, and a secondary or dilution zone further downstream, in which the gases are mixed with complementary cooling air which enters through so-called dilution holes.
- a protection in the form of sectorized deflectors, lines the inside of the wall of the chamber bottom and serves to protect it from the intense radiation produced in the primary combustion zone. Air is then introduced through orifices made in the wall of the chamber bottom behind the deflectors to ensure their cooling. This air flows along the rear face of the baffles and is then guided to form a film along the inner face of the outer and inner walls of the chamber.
- deflectors are subjected to very high temperatures and they require, in order not to present burns in use, a significant amount of cooling air, which affects the efficiency of the chamber. It would thus be desirable to remove the deflector, which would furthermore have significant induced advantages; because of the mass of metal that it represents, the consumption of cooling air is greater than that which would be necessary for the cooling of the bottom of the chamber. There is thus the key to a saving of flow saved.
- this solution has the disadvantage of a greater difficulty in defining the cooling circuit during the engine definition phase. It is indeed necessary to wait for the detailed design phase of the engine, with an already stabilized engine cycle, to obtain a robust characterization of the aerodynamics of the air flow leaving the diffuser and to be able to finalize the final drilling pattern. Compelling calculation methods must then be implemented to obtain the final solution.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a device for cooling the chamber bottom of a combustion chamber of a centrifugal compressor turbine engine, which does not have at least some of the drawbacks of the prior art and in particular, which does not require a deflector and which ensures a relatively homogeneous temperature for the walls of both internal and external of this chamber, without increasing the need for cooling air.
- the invention relates to an annular combustion chamber for a turbomachine, comprising an outer wall and an inner wall oriented substantially axially with respect to the axis of rotation of the turbomachine and closed upstream by a bottom wall.
- chamber chamber oriented substantially radially, said chamber being supplied by compressed air from a compressor by a diffuser whose outlet direction is offset radially with respect to the median axis of the combustion chamber, said bottom wall chamber having cooling air supply perforations inclined relative to the direction normal to said chamber bottom. It is characterized in that the number of perforations whose radial orientation is directed in the opposite direction to that where the output of said diffuser is greater than the number of perforations whose radial orientation is directed towards the output of said diffuser.
- all the perforations are oriented radially in the opposite direction to that where the outlet of said diffuser.
- This configuration corresponds to the optimum cooling of the part of the chamber bottom located on the opposite side to the outlet of the diffuser.
- the perforations are inclined at an angle greater than 60 ° with respect to the normal direction at the chamber bottom in at least a portion of said chamber bottom.
- the very large inclination given to the perforations makes it possible to prevent this air from interfering with the air intended for combustion in the primary zone and disturbs the adjustment of the richness at the level of the combustion of the fuel.
- said part of the chamber bottom is radially located on the side where the diffuser outlet is located.
- the cooling air that comes from the side where the diffuser is located must travel a path greater than the air from the other perforations and it is desirable that it sticks, as it leaves, as much as possible to the bottom wall. of room.
- the perforations have the same section and the density of said perforations decreases radially from the side where the outlet of the diffuser is located to their middle row.
- the perforations have the same section and the density of said perforations increases radially from their middle row to the opposite side to the one where the diffuser outlet is located.
- the chamber bottom is exposed directly to the thermal radiation of the primary combustion zone. There is therefore no need for a deflector, because of the effective cooling provided by the appropriate orientation of the perforations.
- the perforations are mainly located on the inner part of its chamber bottom.
- This configuration corresponds to the implementation of the invention in the case of turbomachines with centrifugal compressor and diffuser located on the outer side of said combustion chamber.
- the invention also claims a turbomachine equipped with a combustion chamber as described above.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the combustion chamber of a turbomachine, located downstream of a centrifugal compressor;
- FIG. 2 is a view of a deflector representative of a perforated chamber bottom sector according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram giving the density of the perforations of a chamber bottom according to the invention, as a function of the radius on which one is situated.
- a turbomachine between the last compressor and the turbine module. It mainly comprises a combustion chamber 1 which is contained in an external casing 2 of the engine and which is supplied with air by a diffuser 3 positioned at the outlet of the compressor, and fuel by injectors 4 regularly distributed around the circumference of the engine. It also comprises, conventionally, ignition devices 5 of the air-fuel mixture, in one or more examples, also distributed around the circumference of the combustion chamber 1.
- the diffuser 3 shown has an L shape, generally adopted in the case of centrifugal compressors, which receives the radially oriented air at the outlet of the last compressor wheel and which raises it to eject it in the zone surrounding the chamber 1, in a substantially axial direction.
- the output of the diffuser 3 is effected at the wall of the outer casing 2, tangentially to this casing.
- the air coming from the compressor is then distributed in the zone surrounding the combustion chamber 1 and then enters it to mix with the fuel supplied by the injectors 4. Due to the L-shaped configuration described, the air leaving the combustion chamber 1 3 diffuser is injected in a direction eccentric to the axis 10 of the combustion chamber 1.
- the supply thereof is not homogeneous around its periphery and differences in air flow exist between the wall outer and inner wall of the chamber.
- the invention is here described with a centrifugal compressor and an L-shaped rectifier, but it can, just as well, be implemented on any turbomachine for which the outlet direction of the diffuser 3 is not in the axis 10 of the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber 1 has an annular shape which has in section an outer wall 11 and an inner wall 12, these two walls being arranged coaxially along the longitudinal axis 10 of the chamber. They are connected upstream by a wall transverse to this longitudinal axis 10, commonly called chamber bottom 13.
- the chamber bottom 13 is pierced at the longitudinal axis 10, an orifice on which is installed a system of carbureted air supply.
- a system which is supplied with liquid fuel by the injector 4 comprises concentric annular grids to create swirling air flows favoring their mixing with the pulverized fuel ply.
- the air coming from the centrifugal compressor passes into the deflector 3 where it is redirected towards the axial direction of the engine, and then divides into several streams which serve either to feed the combustion of the fuel into the primary zone of the chamber 1, by intermediate injection systems and primary holes 15, or to cool the walls 11 and 12 thereof and end up in the dilution zone, through dilution holes 16 and wall perforations 17 or finally to cool other parts of the engine which are located downstream of the combustion chamber.
- FIG. 2 there is shown a cooling mode for a chamber bottom 13 according to the invention.
- the wall of the chamber bottom 13 is thus perforated with a multitude of small diameter holes 18 which are arranged along rows 19 arranged circularly and concentrically with the axis 10 of the combustion chamber 1.
- These holes are typically cylindrical holes whose diameter is of the order of 0.5 or 0.6 mm and are oriented so that the cooling flow coming out of these perforations 18 remains as long as possible in contact with the chamber bottom wall 13 and, thus, do not modify the richness of the mixture between the fuel and the air that arrives in the primary zone of combustion.
- the perforations 18 of the chamber bottom are oriented with an axis making, at the point considered, 60 ° relative to the normal chamber bottom.
- the orientation of these perforations does not necessarily evolve between the rows 19 which are located at the injection system and those located on the spokes extremes, external and internal, of the chamber bottom 13.
- the invention claims a variability in the density of the perforations 18 (calculated as the number of holes in a given area) between the radii on the outer side and those on the inner side of this chamber bottom. warmer, that is to say those which are least exposed to the air from the diffuser 3, are provided with holes with a higher density than those which are relatively well placed in this airflow.
- the outer parts of the chamber bottom have a lower density of perforations than that of its internal parts.
- the invention also claims a homogeneous direction for the inclinations of the perforations 18, the outgoing air of these being directed for all, whether they are situated in part external or in part internal, of the external part towards the internal part, in order to better cool this lower part of the chamber which is less well supplied by the air coming from the diffuser 3.
- the perforations have a very large inclination, greater if possible to 60 ° described in the previous application. Work in progress shows indeed the experimental possibility to exceed this limit of 60 °.
- the maximum possible inclination, compatible with technical and economic constraints, will be then considered.
- a large inclination is intended to cool as much as possible the metal of the chamber bottom 13 but also to ensure that this air does not interfere with the air for combustion and does not disturb the richness of the mixture in the area primary combustion.
- the gains brought by this new cooling technique of the bottom chamber are estimated at a halving of the cooling air flow. These gains are mainly explained by the reduction in the mass to be cooled which is provided by the removal of the deflector. Additional flow gains are also made by increasing the permeability of the injection system, due to the removal of the wall formed by the baffle, and by improving the cooling efficiency of the bottom wall. 13.
- the invention has been described with a diffuser 3 whose output axis is located near the outer casing 2 of the engine. It is obvious that the invention can also be implemented with a diffuser that ejects the air on the side of the inner wall 12 of the combustion chamber 1. In this case the perforations 18 will be inclined towards the outer wall 11 of the chamber 1 to compensate for the poor supply of this wall by the air from the diffuser.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1052244A FR2958013B1 (fr) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Chambre de combustion de turbomachine a compresseur centrifuge sans deflecteur |
| PCT/FR2011/050622 WO2011117543A1 (fr) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-23 | Chambre de combustion de turbomachine a compresseur centrifuge sans deflecteur |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2553340A1 true EP2553340A1 (fr) | 2013-02-06 |
| EP2553340B1 EP2553340B1 (fr) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=43244828
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11715982.2A Active EP2553340B1 (fr) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-23 | Chambre de combustion pour une turbomachine à compresseur centrifuge sans déflecteur |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9383106B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2553340B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102812297B (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112012024179B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2794243C (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2958013B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2563424C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011117543A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2996284B1 (fr) | 2012-10-02 | 2019-03-15 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Fond de chambre annulaire pour chambre de combustion de turbomachine d'aeronef, muni de perforations permettant un refroidissement par flux giratoire |
| KR101471612B1 (ko) | 2013-07-01 | 2014-12-12 | 남부대학교산학협력단 | 광학렌즈 기반 태양위치 추적정밀도 측정시스템 |
| CN103541877B (zh) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-03-02 | 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 | 太阳能燃气轮机 |
| CN103557076B (zh) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-03-02 | 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 | 蓄热式燃气轮机 |
| US10330884B2 (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-06-25 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Mounting of optical elements for imaging in air vehicles |
| CN109668173B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-11-26 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | 一种蒸发管式紧凑型燃烧室 |
| CN113739208B (zh) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-08-26 | 成都中科翼能科技有限公司 | 一种用于低污染燃气轮机的混合冷却火焰筒 |
| US11739935B1 (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-08-29 | General Electric Company | Dome structure providing a dome-deflector cavity with counter-swirled airflow |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2444477A1 (de) | 1974-09-18 | 1976-04-01 | Blau Kg Kraftfahrzeugtech | Verschlussdeckel mit zur sicherung nach aussen zu abgedichtet eingesetztem riegelschloss |
| RU2027111C1 (ru) * | 1991-10-23 | 1995-01-20 | Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Минитокс" | Камера сгорания |
| US5307637A (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1994-05-03 | General Electric Company | Angled multi-hole film cooled single wall combustor dome plate |
| FR2714154B1 (fr) | 1993-12-22 | 1996-01-19 | Snecma | Chambre de combustion comportant une paroi munie d'une multiperforation. |
| FR2770283B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-11-19 | Snecma | Chambre de combustion pour turbomachine |
| FR2856467B1 (fr) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-09-02 | Snecma Moteurs | Chambre de combustion annulaire de turbomachine |
| US7260936B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2007-08-28 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Combustor having means for directing air into the combustion chamber in a spiral pattern |
| US7308794B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2007-12-18 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Combustor and method of improving manufacturing accuracy thereof |
| US7451600B2 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2008-11-18 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Gas turbine engine combustor with improved cooling |
| FR2897107B1 (fr) * | 2006-02-09 | 2013-01-18 | Snecma | Paroi transversale de chambre de combustion munie de trous de multiperforation |
| US7628020B2 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2009-12-08 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Cororation | Combustor with improved swirl |
| US8171736B2 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2012-05-08 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Combustor with chamfered dome |
| US8006497B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-08-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Diffusers, diffusion systems, and methods for controlling airflow through diffusion systems |
| FR2941287B1 (fr) | 2009-01-19 | 2011-03-25 | Snecma | Paroi de chambre de combustion de turbomachine a une seule rangee annulaire d'orifices d'entree d'air primaire et de dilution |
-
2010
- 2010-03-26 FR FR1052244A patent/FR2958013B1/fr active Active
-
2011
- 2011-03-23 BR BR112012024179-6A patent/BR112012024179B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-03-23 CA CA2794243A patent/CA2794243C/fr active Active
- 2011-03-23 WO PCT/FR2011/050622 patent/WO2011117543A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2011-03-23 CN CN201180015743.0A patent/CN102812297B/zh active Active
- 2011-03-23 RU RU2012144323/06A patent/RU2563424C2/ru active
- 2011-03-23 EP EP11715982.2A patent/EP2553340B1/fr active Active
- 2011-03-23 US US13/636,873 patent/US9383106B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011117543A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130008166A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
| BR112012024179B1 (pt) | 2020-08-25 |
| US9383106B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
| CN102812297B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
| RU2563424C2 (ru) | 2015-09-20 |
| FR2958013B1 (fr) | 2014-06-20 |
| CA2794243C (fr) | 2017-05-16 |
| WO2011117543A1 (fr) | 2011-09-29 |
| FR2958013A1 (fr) | 2011-09-30 |
| BR112012024179A2 (pt) | 2016-07-05 |
| EP2553340B1 (fr) | 2014-12-17 |
| CN102812297A (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
| RU2012144323A (ru) | 2014-05-10 |
| CA2794243A1 (fr) | 2011-09-29 |
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