EP2552605A2 - Procédé de production d'une ferrure, ferrure, appareil électroménager et meuble - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'une ferrure, ferrure, appareil électroménager et meuble

Info

Publication number
EP2552605A2
EP2552605A2 EP11712247A EP11712247A EP2552605A2 EP 2552605 A2 EP2552605 A2 EP 2552605A2 EP 11712247 A EP11712247 A EP 11712247A EP 11712247 A EP11712247 A EP 11712247A EP 2552605 A2 EP2552605 A2 EP 2552605A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fitting
coating
cleaning
treatment
abrasive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11712247A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Jährling
Daniel Rehage
Kathrin Urban
Lars Schrubke
Arthur Krause
Friedrich Meyer
Andre Eckholt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Paul Hettich GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Paul Hettich GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paul Hettich GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Paul Hettich GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2552605A2 publication Critical patent/EP2552605A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/10—Making other particular articles parts of bearings; sleeves; valve seats or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/50—Racks ; Baskets
    • A47L15/507—Arrangements for extracting racks, e.g. roller supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/32—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using means for protecting parts of a surface not to be coated, e.g. using stencils, resists
    • B05D1/322—Removable films used as masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
    • B05D2350/60—Adding a layer before coating
    • B05D2350/63—Adding a layer before coating ceramic layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/16—Shelves, racks or trays inside ovens; Supports therefor
    • F24C15/168—Shelves, racks or trays inside ovens; Supports therefor with telescopic rail systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49641—Linear bearing

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a method for producing a fitting, a fitting, a household appliance and a piece of furniture.
  • EP 1 607 685 B1 discloses a method for producing a telescopic extension system which at least partially has a PTFE coating. This method assumes that a separate coating of the individual parts of the telescopic extension takes place and these are then assembled to the telescopic extension guide. After the punching and bending, the fitting parts must be transferred from the production line to a coating line, which is usually separated from the production line. For transport of the individual components, however, additional transport and storage capacities must be created in this process.
  • the invention achieves this object by a method having the features of claim 1 and a fitting having the features of claim 17.
  • a method for producing a fitting which is composed of at least two interconnected components, comprises the following steps: i) providing the components; in particular by punching and bending of
  • a treatment of the surface for the adjustment of a surface roughness takes place and at least one step of cleaning the surface to be coated, which is carried out before, during or after the treatment of the surface.
  • the surface to be coated of the assembled fitting is brought to a surface roughness by abrasive treatment.
  • abrasive treatment can i.a. by grinding, but more preferably by abrasive blasting.
  • the individual components, prior to their assembly to a fitting can be treated abrasive. Burrs and other coarser bumps can thus be advantageously removed prior to assembly.
  • a porous base coat advantageously causes the enlargement of the surface, to which the coating can be applied in the subsequent step.
  • the base coat can be applied both before and after assembly of the components, but most preferably should be done after assembly of the fitting to avoid possible damage to the porous base coat during automatic assembly.
  • at least one hard material coating is applied to the surface of the fitting as a porous basecoat. This hard coating as a primer coating provides additional protection of the surface against corrosion and scratches in addition to the coating applied thereon.
  • Another method for abrasive treatment can be carried out in an abrasive blasting with an inorganic and / or organic blasting material, since in this case the surface roughness can be controlled by the impact velocity of the blasting medium to the surface.
  • the use of sand in a sandblasting process has proven to be cost effective, the blasting medium can be recycled after appropriate processing.
  • the removal of the blasting material is done by suction or rinsing, so that the fogging is not limited in its operation of remaining blasting material and the coating has no defects due to the inclusion of sand grains.
  • a further cleaning step after the surface treatment may include an alkaline cleaning and / or an ultrasonic cleaning, with firmly adhering dirt residues, oils or residual blasting material being removed from the surface.
  • An alkaline cleaning can be carried out in particular after an etching step to adjust the surface roughness.
  • a coating preferably, a polymer, polymer derivative or a
  • Polymer mixture with a fluoropolymer but in particular a Perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA) and / or polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE) to improve the anti-adhesion properties of the horseshoe.
  • PFA Perfluoroalkoxyalkane
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethene
  • the fitting is not exposed to increased soiling conditions, the fitting with a polyether ketone, in particular a
  • PEEK Polyetheretherketone
  • Hybrid polymer layer can be applied as a coating on the surface of the fitting.
  • silicon-containing organic compounds which, owing to their inorganic Si components, have a higher adhesive strength on the surface, in particular of metallic fittings, than the aforementioned fluorinated and polyether ketone polymers.
  • Synergy effects can also be advantageously achieved by combining the various properties of the polymers mentioned in a polymer mixture. It is particularly advantageous if the Fiuorpolymere, the polyether ketones and / or the inorganic-organic hybrid polymers are represented in the composition of a coating with a greater mass fraction compared to other components, such as dyes and the like. It is advantageous if the method is used for coating a drawer slide, which has a rail on which at least one further rail is movably supported by rolling elements, wherein the rolling elements are guided along tracks on the rails and before the abrasive treatment for adjustment the surface roughness is a masking of a part of the surface of the pullout guide to protect this surface of material removal and roughening.
  • the masking for the running surfaces of the drawer slide is performed by covering the running surfaces so as not to negatively influence the sliding properties of the rolling elements in the running surfaces.
  • the coating can be removed very easily at this point due to the high mechanical stress in the sections of the running surfaces become. With uncontrolled damage to a coating in a section, the removal of the coating can be disadvantageously accelerated, which is prevented by the protection of the raceways.
  • an additional tempering of the coated coating takes place whereby organic constituents are at least partially oxidized so that a conversion and an associated additional curing of the hybrid polymer layer takes place.
  • the annealing may be carried out in an oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor atmosphere, where an oxygen-rich atmosphere having a mass fraction of more than 15% has oxygen in the atmosphere and has an oxygen-poor atmosphere with a mass fraction of less than 15% oxygen in the atmosphere.
  • Annealing in an oxygen-poor atmosphere preferably in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere, is preferred since incomplete oxidation of the organic moieties of the hybrid polymer takes place, so that the surface coating is only partially cured and can thus absorb vibrations and shocks. Furthermore, better non-stick properties are achieved.
  • Higher scratch resistance is achieved by annealing in an oxygen-rich atmosphere at least 500 ° C, preferably about 650-750 ° C, whereby the hybrid polymer layer cures completely.
  • the fully cured hybrid polymer layer is particularly suitable for use in ovens with pyrolysis function.
  • a fitting has a coating which has been produced by one of the methods described above.
  • This fitting is resistant to corrosion and abrasive influences for a long time. He is also suitable for mass production.
  • a household appliance or furniture on this fitting can be used in all household appliances. This includes refrigerators, washing machines and in particular ovens.
  • fittings For use in ovens, fittings must also be heat-resistant up to at least 250 ° C and comply with FDA regulations (food and drug administration) for the contact of plastics with food and REGULATION (EC) No 1935/2004 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food, in order to be suitable for use in the food sector ,
  • Figures 1 to 3 show several views of an embodiment of a pull-out guide produced by the method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are a schematic flowchart and a flowchart of a first embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are a schematic flowchart and a flowchart of a second embodiment
  • Figures 10-19 are five schematic flowcharts and five flowcharts of other execution tables.
  • a pullout guide 1 comprises a guide rail 2 which can be fixed to a side rail in an oven, a side wall of a baking oven or a furniture body.
  • a center rail 3 is movably mounted on rolling elements 6.
  • the middle rail 3 serves to support a running rail 4.
  • at least two running tracks 9 for rolling elements 6 are formed on the guide rail 2 and the running rail 4.
  • the rolling elements 6 are held on a WälzMechkafig 7 as a unit.
  • at least four raceways, in the exemplary embodiment, eight raceways 8 are formed for rolling elements 6, wherein in each case at least two tracks 8 of the guide rail 2 and at least two tracks 8 of the track rail 4 are assigned.
  • the pullout guide 1 is provided on the externally accessible area, ie on the outside of the guide rail 2 and the running rail 4 with, for example, a PTFE-containing coating (polytetrafluoroethylene).
  • a fixed to the running rail 4 end stop 10 is also coated on its externally accessible areas, for example, with a PTFE-containing coating.
  • a retaining bolt 11 is equipped for example with a PTFE-containing coating.
  • the brackets 5 are also equipped with a PTFE-containing coating, for example.
  • the inside of the running rail 4 and the guide rail 2, on which the Laufbah- nen 9 are formed for the rolling elements 6, has no coating.
  • the middle rail 3, which is arranged completely in the inner region of the pullout guide 1 when the running rail 4 is arranged in the retracted position, has no coating at least in the region of the raceways 8.
  • the raceways 8 may be formed by the material of the rails 2, 3 and 4, usually the raceways 8 and 9 are made of a bent steel sheet.
  • On the outside is made possible by the PTFE-containing coating on the rails 2 and 4, for example, easy cleaning.
  • the pullout guide 1 can be used particularly well in an oven, whereby a high running quality is achieved over a long service life.
  • the drawer guide can also have a PEEK-containing coating, a PFA-containing coating and / or an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer-containing coating.
  • the pullout guide shown in FIGS. 1-3 is first assembled into a unit according to a first method according to the invention. In this case, both the assembly process and the coating process can be completely automated.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show the Abiauf a first method according to the invention for producing a pullout guide 1 in the form of a full extension.
  • a first step 101 the shaping or provision of the components 2-11 takes place. This happens, for example, by punching and bending a metal strip.
  • a step 102 in which a treatment of the surface for adjusting a surface roughness by abrasive blasting takes place.
  • This setting can be specified by specifying one or more fixed parameters. This may preferably be the pressure with which the jet medium leaves a corresponding jet nozzle and / or the distance of the jet nozzle from the surface to be treated.
  • the Strahimedium is not dry snow or ice.
  • An abrasive treatment so u.a. abrasive blasting, for example, as opposed to flattening, leads to an increase in surface roughness, i.a. the average and the maximum roughness depths compared to an untreated surface, whereby an overall roughened surface texture is created and at the same time, however, particularly protruding corners and ridges are removed.
  • the roughening of the surface improves the adhesion of the subsequently applied coating.
  • the coating can "claw" into the created surface structure, creating an intimate bond between the surface and the coating, thus reducing the risk of dislodging components of the coating from the surface, making the coating more resistant to mechanical attack such as: by scrubbing sponges or sharp objects, cleaning takes place by removing the blasting material from the surface, in particular the rails 2-4, in step 103. This is preferably done by suctioning off or blasting off the blasting material Alternatively or additionally, the pullout guide can be rinsed off with a cleaning fluid ,
  • step 04 mounting of the individual components 2-11 to the pullout guide 1 is performed.
  • the individual components 2-11 are plugged together and then limited by introducing indentations or imprints in the rails in their travel.
  • the surface is freed of production residues in step 105 in a further purification step.
  • the cleaning in this step is preferably carried out by non-abrasive cleaning methods so as not to cause any change in the surface roughness after step 102.
  • the non-abrasive cleaning methods include non-abrasive blasting, ultrasonic cleaning, plasma cleaning, laser cleaning, steam cleaning and dry cleaning.
  • step 105 may be carried out in an alkaline cleaning medium under the action of ultrasound.
  • one or more rinses with demineralized water may be added until a neutral pH has been established.
  • the cleaning of the surface in step 105 may be followed by drying of the drawer guide 1 in step 106. It can be controlled by a first decision stage A depending on the cleaning method, whether drying is necessary or not.
  • step 107 Subsequent to the cleaning after step 105 or drying after step 106, at least sections of the coating of the pull-out guide 1 are carried out in step 107.
  • Any high-temperature-resistant plastic is suitable, but preferably mixtures containing PFA, PEEK and / or PTFE.
  • These solutions can, for example, be dispersed in a fluid, preferably water, and subsequently applied to the surface of the drawer guide 1 by painting or spraying.
  • an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer in a sol-gel process at least partially applied to the surface of the pullout guide 1.
  • other application methods depending on the type of applied plastics can be used.
  • PEEK and PFA-containing mixtures can preferably be applied in a spraying process, in particular by plastic flame spraying.
  • the coating is followed in step 08 by drying of the applied coating, in which the fluid evaporates and only the dispersed plastic particles remain on the surface of the drawer guide 1.
  • a step 109 can be carried out to burn the coating material into the surface of the drawer guide.
  • the baking is carried out at 250-500 ° C.
  • the burn-in time is a few minutes to several, depending on the temperature
  • lubricant is applied to the pullout guide in step 110, wherein the lubricant for use of the pullout guide in the oven area as well as the applied coating composition should be resistant to high temperatures up to a temperature of at least 250 ° C. Furthermore, the lubricant must be approved for the food industry.
  • step 110 ie the application of lubricant, can take place directly after the drying in step 108.
  • annealing may be performed in step 111 following drying in step 108.
  • the annealing is preferably carried out at a temperature above 200 ° C.
  • Annealing after step 11 is particularly preferred when an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer is present as a coating.
  • Annealing could be done, for example, by slow heating to the target temperature over 3 to 7 hours.
  • the target temperature of, for example, 500 ° C is maintained for 30 to 120 minutes. This is followed by slow cooling to ambient temperature.
  • the annealing may be carried out in a first annealing step 111a in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the coating is additionally densified.
  • the annealing step in an oxygen-poor, nitrogen-rich atmosphere, the non-stick effect of the coated surface can be advantageously improved.
  • Such a surface is also more elastic and can cushion shocks on the pullout guide.
  • annealing in an air atmosphere at a Massenanteii of about 20-25% O 2 in the air, take place in a second annealing step 111b, wherein the coating is at least partially oxidized, thereby it comes to a greater hardness and scratch resistance, especially in an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer coating.
  • This scratch resistance can be increased alternatively or additionally by a third annealing step 111 c in an oxygen-rich atmosphere and with an O 2 mass fraction greater than 25% in the air, preferably about 650 ⁇ 750 ° C.
  • step 108 The treatment of the coated component after drying in step 108 may be controlled.
  • a second decision level B can be provided, which regulates a direct sequence of steps after drying.
  • steps 109, 110 and 111a-c may directly follow step 108.
  • the second decision stage B can be automated, wherein it is decided after drying after step 108, at least on the basis of a measurement parameter, whether a burn-in or an annealing step is necessary.
  • the layer thickness, the hardness and / or an interfacial tension can be determined as actual values and compared with predetermined desired values. If the actual values coincide with the nominal values, the coated drawer guide can be provided with lubricant directly in step 110 and then packaged. Otherwise, especially in the case of inorganic-organic hybrid polymers, tempering may be carried out by one or more annealing steps 111a-c or, in the case of PEEK, PFA and PTFE, preferably stoving after step 109.
  • the step sequence can be set by a third and a fourth decision C and D levels such that the oxygen supply and / or the temperature is increased gradually or continuously, so that the annealing first in oxygen-poor, nitrogen-rich atmosphere at about 500 ° C over several Hours and then takes place in an oxygen-rich atmosphere and / or 700 ° C for 10-30 minutes.
  • the third and fourth decision-making stages C and D can also be automated and carried out by determining at least one actual value and matching to a nominal value, preferably the hardness, the layer thickness or the interfacial tension. Subsequently, the transition from at least one oxygen-poor, nitrogen-rich annealing step 111a to one of the at least two oxygen-rich annealing steps 111b, 111c or the step of greasing the drawer guide 110.
  • the decision stages BD can also regulate the time extent of each annealing step.
  • a quality control of the drawer guide 1 is carried out.
  • parameters can be determined during quality control, which are used to control the tempering and baking steps, in particular the temperature, the time period and the oxygen content during the baking or tempering of the coating the pullout guide 1 can be used.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a method sequence which differs substantially from the preceding exemplary embodiment in that the surface treatment for adjusting the surface roughness is performed after step 102 in the pull-out guide 1 in the assembled state. After the step 101, that is to say the provision or shaping of the components 2-11, the assembly of the pullout guide 1 takes place in step 104.
  • a protective layer against the abrasive treatment is preferably applied via the raceways 8 and 9 of the pullout guide 1.
  • This protective layer may, for example, have a wax-like consistency which at least dampens the speed of the blasting material before it impinges on the raceways or completely prevents the impact, so that removal of material from the surface of the raceways is no longer possible.
  • step 102 that is, the adjustment of the surface roughness, wherein roughening of the surface takes place by abrasive blasting with a blasting material.
  • step 103 relates to the removal of the blasting material from the surface and can advantageously with step 105, a further cleaning step for Abrasion of production residues are combined.
  • step 106 drying the drawer slide.
  • the drawer slide 1 is now provided with a coating in step 107 and then further processed analogously to the method described in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 describe an alternative method according to the invention, in particular for the pretreatment of the surface of the drawer guide 1 before the coating step 107.
  • step 106 of the pullout guide 1 can take place.
  • the coating guide is coated with a porous basecoat.
  • This base coat increases the surface roughness. While material-removing or abrasive processes have been described in FIGS. 4-7, in this process a material application takes place in advance, before step 107, of the coating.
  • the porous base coating acts as a kind of adhesion promoter between the actual coating, which is applied in the connection and the mostly metallic surface of the fitting.
  • a porous basecoat has proved to be particularly advantageous and improves the adhesion, in particular of PTFE.
  • the base coat can advantageously be designed as a hard coat so that, in addition to increasing the surface roughness of the coat, it also increases the scratch resistance.
  • porous hard coatings are, for example, silicon carbide or silicon nitride. They form a suitable
  • the invention relates to a primer coating for an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer coating, since the inorganic-organic hybrid polymer is based on a silicon-oxygen skeleton.
  • a sixth decision stage F downstream of the cleaning step 115 determines the residual moisture of the surface and leads the drawer guide 1 either to a drying plant or directly to another feeding installation, which in step 107 applies the actual coating to the surface of the drawer guide.
  • the cleaning step 115 or directly the coating 107 can be carried out with a fifth decision E level E governs which of the two process steps after the application of the base coat, ie after step 114, should be performed.
  • step 107 The coating of the drawer guide in step 107 is followed by further method steps 108-112, which can be carried out analogously to the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • step 114 it is also possible, prior to the application of a base coating in step 114, to pre-set a surface roughness by abrasive treatment. This advantageously increases the adhesion of the base coat.
  • a measurement of the surface roughness after the surface treatment after step 102 and / or 114 If the surface roughness proves to be insufficient, the process step of the surface treatment, in particular the abrasive blasting, be repeated.
  • This measurement of the surface roughness can be carried out particularly preferably in a continuous production process by means of a laser measurement.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show a method sequence which differs from the preceding exemplary embodiment, explained with reference to FIG. 4, essentially in that, instead of roughening the surface by abrasive blasting, the surface is processed by brushes 117, larger ones being used Unevenness of the surface are removed and a surface with a maximum surface roughness of preferably less than 7 ⁇ can be produced.
  • the cleaning step during the treatment of the surface requires. Unlike sandblasting, there are no foreign substances or residues such as sandblasting. Blasting agent on the surface back. An additional wet-chemical cleaning of the surface may preferably take place in addition to the brushing.
  • the surface treatment in particular by brushing, improves the adhesion of the charge on the surface to an untreated surface of the same material.
  • the brushing 1 7 is preferably carried out by machining by means of rotating brushes from three sides, preferably by metal brushes whose contact pressure on the surface is individually adjustable.
  • the shape of the brushes is preferably concave in order, for example, also to reach corner regions of a rail profile. Furthermore, in step 101, the shaping, however, no punching, so that an endless profile is formed, which is separated in a later processing step, not shown, prior to assembly 104 of the components to the pullout guide.
  • the brushing is carried out with a brushing machine, in which one or more brushing stations are arranged, wherein each brushing station preferably a total of three brushes are used.
  • the brushing is preferably carried out on the outer surfaces of the rails of a pullout guide, ie on the surfaces of the viewer of the respective Rail are perceived in a pull-out guide in the retracted position.
  • an endless profile is guided in the feed direction by the brush station.
  • a brush arrangement of the brush station are facing two brushes and allow the surface treatment of opposite lateral outer surfaces of the endless profile, doing, for example, the brush each have a first linear movement to the endless profile from.
  • a third brush for machining an upper side of the endless profile performs a second linear movement, preferably perpendicular to the plane of the first linear movements and the feed direction.
  • the brushes are arranged on a common linear slide, which has a defined travel.
  • the movement of the linear slide takes place for example via a servo motor, wherein the contact pressure of each brush is individually adjustable. It can also be arranged on a linear slide several Bürstan nieen.
  • the speed of the brushes via frequency converter is adjustable.
  • the brushes are operated by a separate drive.
  • the profile is freed from longitudinal grooves, which may already be present in the starting material and are difficult to remove by means known from the prior art.
  • the surface is cleaned by treatment with ultrasound 118, wherein a liquid medium is applied to the surface of the component 2-11 and then transmitted by an ultrasonic generator by means of a sonotrode ultrasonic waves on the liquid medium. These ultrasonic waves lead in the liquid medium to the formation and implosion of gas bubbles due to cavity effects, whereby adhering contaminants are removed from the surface of the component.
  • the feed rate of the profile or the component is twice as much as the feed rate of the brush.
  • the treatment with ultrasound 118 and the brush 117 is made in a particularly preferred embodiment of an endless profile, wherein the separation of the continuous profile to components of a drawer guide - not shown here - following the treatment with ultrasound 118 takes place.
  • This embodiment variant is particularly advantageous since the guidance of an endless profile in a production plant in the production process is particularly easy.
  • the cleaning process in the ultrasound station can be controlled by determining the degree of profile grade. This is done by controlling the feed rate of the profile and the vibration amplitudes.
  • the degree of soiling, another criterion for the quality of the cleaning process, can then be determined by a wipe test.
  • a white cloth is rubbed over the profile surface and the degree of contamination is determined visually.
  • the cloth in the present case on no perceptible dirt.
  • a 96h salt spray test demonstrated improved corrosion resistance, in particular surface corrosion resistance, over untreated profiles. An assessment was carried out after 16 h, 24 h, 72 h and 96 h.
  • the metallic luster of the profile is advantageously retained.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show different ways of processing components of a drawer slide.
  • the rails of a pull-out guide that is to say the running rail 4, guide rail 2 and optionally a middle rail 2, undergo a surface treatment in the form of brushes and ultrasonic cleaning for the at least partial production of high-gloss surfaces.
  • the surface is roughened by abrasive blasting 120 with a blasting medium.
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 show a process sequence in which the surfaces of rails of a drawer guide after shaping 101 are machined either by brushing 1 7 or by abrasive blasting 102.
  • a decision step H the surface roughness is measured in a further variant of the method and subsequently a method of surface treatment is determined as a function of the degree of the measured surface roughness.
  • a high gloss surface free of grease, oil or other deposits is created by ultrasonic cleaning 118.
  • the rails of the pullout guide are separated directly after the shaping 101 and assembled together with other components by assembly 104 to a pullout guide.
  • Other components of the drawer slide are surface treated by abrasive blasting 120 analogous to FIG. 14 and mounted in step 104 to a pullout guide.
  • the subsequent process sequence is analogous to FIG. 4.
  • the method illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19 differs from the method in FIGS. 16 and 17 essentially in that, instead of the treatment of the surface with ultrasound 118 or the cleaning by cavity effects, cleaning by plasma irradiation 121 is provided.
  • the surface is also freed of impurities.
  • the rails 2-4 of the pullout guide 1, in particular the guide rail 2 and the running rail 4 and optionally the middle rail 3, at least in sections, have a brushed surface prior to coating.
  • the texture of the surface has a main direction of orientation, in the longitudinal direction of the rails, and consists of a plurality of grooves with a low penetration depth of preferably less than 7 ⁇ in the surface which have Einzelorienttechniksraumen.
  • the mean value of the one-position orientation directions or the direction vectors of the grooves specifies the main orientation direction of the texture or the surface structure.
  • the pullout guide is matt glossy. The dispersion of the average roughness of the metallic surface after brushing against a non-brushed surface is reduced.
  • the variation of the average surface roughness of the metallic surface is less than half that of a non-brushed surface.
  • the distribution of the average roughness value is an indication of whether a surface with homogeneous roughness is present or whether a surface has unevenness.
  • An uneven surface may, for example, have grooves and stress cracks of a maximum roughness depth of greater than 7 ⁇ m.
  • the brushed surface extends at least over the entire outer surface of the respective rail, ie the surface which is visible to the end user in a pullout guide 1 in the installed state.
  • abrasive treatment was carried out by a brushing process.
  • the metallic surface of the fitting is guided past a brushing station.
  • the brushing station has brushes, which are filled with special abrasive bristles.
  • abrasive bristles abrasive bristles are referred to as a brushing material for brushes for finishing, in this case, the bristle material, for example, consist of nylon.
  • the abrasive used is preferably silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, diamond and / or zirconium.
  • the abrasive effect results from the hard and sharp tips of the abrasive material trapped in the brush material (eg nylon). In the machining of workpieces is always released by the wear of the brush material, a certain amount of the abrasive.
  • the parameters 80, 120, 240 and 2000 therefore correspond to the grain of the abrasive bristles, the respective brushing stock with which the surface of a fitting was roughened by abrasive treatment.
  • the term “series” indicates the surface roughness of an untreated fitting
  • the term “ultrasound” reproduces the measured maximum roughness and the average roughness as a parameter of the surface roughness of an ultrasonically cleaned surface of a fitting.
  • the measured values in the following table were measured using stainless steel of alloy .4016 (WNr. 1.4016 ⁇ X6Cr17), AISI 430).
  • the average roughness R z of the fitting after the abrasive treatment of the surface greater than 1.85 ⁇ m; preferably greater than 2.0 m, more preferably greater than 2.7 microns.
  • the mean value of the average roughness depth Rz of the fitting from at least six measurements is preferably 3.0-4.0 ⁇ m.
  • the mean value of the maximum roughness depth Rmax of the fitting from at least six measurements is preferably greater than 3.3 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 3.5 gm. Particularly preferably, the mean value of the maximum roughness Rmax from at least six measurements is 3.8-5.2 ⁇ m ,
  • the average roughness value is preferably between 0.43-0.49 ⁇ m. This makes it possible to close an evenly roughened surface with a simultaneous increase in surface roughness.
  • the surface after the abrasive treatment has a mean roughness Ra of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the outer surfaces of the pullout guide 1 have a high-gloss surface. This is achieved by treatment with ultrasound 118.
  • the average gloss level of the metallic surface is more than 150, preferably more than 200, in the case of a 60 ° geometry and is carried out on the basis of DIN 67530 using a measuring device REFO 60 from Hach-Lange.
  • the following table describes the improved gloss behavior of the fitting, which improves the appearance of the fitting by cleaning the surface of the fitting to be coated, and at the same time provides a larger surface area for applying the coating.
  • the average reported in the table is the determined gloss level of the surfaces before and after ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the measurement of the degree of gloss was carried out with a REFO 60 portable 60 ° - Winkef Reflektormeter, the measured gloss units are given according to DIN 67530.
  • a metallic surface after the step of cleaning the surface to be coated according to claim 1 has a degree of gloss of at least 120, preferably at least 140, more preferably at least 190.
  • Cleaning of the surface is preferably carried out in a non-thermal cleaning process.
  • the surface roughness given in connection with this invention relates to the average roughness Ra [ ⁇ ] : according to DIN 4768.
  • the average roughness Ra is the arithmetic mean of the absolute amounts of the distances y of the roughness profile from the middle line within a measuring path.
  • the roughness measurement is carried out with electrical stylus devices according to DIN 4772.
  • the measurement conditions according to DIN 4768 T1 are specified for the measurement of the average roughness Ra. The measurement was made across the texture of the surface.
  • the single roughness depth Zi is the distance between two parallels to a middle line, which touch the measured actual profile at the highest and the lowest point within a single measuring section.
  • the mean roughness Rz [pm] is the arithmetic mean of the individual roughness depths ⁇ of five equidistant adjacent individual measuring sections.
  • the maximum roughness Rmax [ ⁇ ] is the largest value of five individual roughness depths Zi to Zs. corrosion monitoring
  • electrochemical measurement equipment is used to monitor electrochemical roughness.
  • Stainless steels are surrounded by a protective passive layer with a thickness of only approx. 1 to 20 nm, which can also be partially damaged if damaged. can regenerate itself. This layer is usually thinner than the wavelength of the visible light, so that it is imperceptible with conventional optical microscopes.
  • the formation, damage and regeneration of the passive layer depends on the corrosion medium, the metal and the design.
  • the design is determined by the surface roughness, the type of joining, constructive columns and the overall construction.
  • the influence of the corrosion medium is determined by the concentration of e.g. at corrosion promoting agents, such as chloride ions, the temperature and the flow rate of the corrosive agent determined.
  • the passive layer is not a constant-thickness top layer but is subject to dynamic equilibrium.
  • the cause of the electrochemical noise on passive metals are the activation and repassivation processes of the passive layer or the fluctuations of the charge caused thereby at the phase interface metal (passive layer) / electrolyte. Depending on the experimental setup, these charge fluctuations can be measured as current or potential noise.
  • this method is used in the present case for quality control of the surface texture after cleaning the drawer runner by brushing, treating with ultrasound and / or treatment with plasma to ensure the quality of cleaning and the presence of a germ-free passive layer. Damage to the surface, as is necessary with other control methods, does not have to be done in this case.
  • the smallest, visually barely perceptible nucleation sites can be detected and the corresponding purification process can be optimized to reduce the number of these germinal sites.
  • the occurrence of an increased concentration of compounds having chloride ions on the surface for example, salt water splashes and the like are detectable in this way.
  • a medium gloss level indicates to what extent light is reflected when hitting the fitting.
  • the gloss level of metallic surfaces is subdivided into high gloss, medium gloss and matt gloss and is defined in accordance with DIN 67530.
  • the gloss level is measured for different geometries (20 °, 60 °, 85 ° geometry).
  • the determination of the degree of gloss is according to DIN 67530 a standardized measuring method. The measurements were carried out in accordance with DIN 67530.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'une ferrure (1) qui est notamment destinée à des appareils électroménagers et qui présente au moins deux pièces structurales (2-11) reliées entre elles, comprenant les étapes consistant à : v) produire les pièces structurales (2-11), notamment par découpage et pliage de tôles métalliques (étape 101); vi) monter les pièces structurales (3-11) pour obtenir une ferrure (1) (étape 104); vii) recouvrir au moins par sections la ferrure (1) par application d'au moins un revêtement (étape 107); et viii) sécher (étape 108) et/ou cuire le revêtement (étape 109). Avant le revêtement de la ferrure (1) (étape 107), la surface (étape 102, 114) est soumise à un traitement abrasif pour régler une rugosité superficielle et la surface est soumise à au moins une étape de nettoyage (étape 103, 105, 115), qui est effectuée avant, pendant ou après le traitement de la surface (étape 102, 114). L'invention concerne également une ferrure et un appareil électroménager.
EP11712247A 2010-04-01 2011-04-01 Procédé de production d'une ferrure, ferrure, appareil électroménager et meuble Withdrawn EP2552605A2 (fr)

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DE102010016316 2010-04-01
DE102010037146 2010-08-24
PCT/EP2011/055125 WO2011121121A2 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-04-01 Procédé de production d'une ferrure, ferrure, appareil électroménager et meuble

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DE102010016911A1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Metallisches Bauteil, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Bauteils und Beschlag, Möbel und/oder Haushaltsgerät
DE102011001754A1 (de) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Beschlag
DE102012107807A1 (de) * 2012-08-24 2014-02-27 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Bauteils eines Beschlages, Ofenbeschlag und Ofen mit Pyrolysereinigungsfunktion
WO2016130548A1 (fr) 2015-02-10 2016-08-18 Arcanum Alloy Design, Inc. Procédés et systèmes de revêtement à base de boues
WO2017201418A1 (fr) 2016-05-20 2017-11-23 Arcanum Alloys, Inc. Procédés et systèmes de revêtement de substrat en acier
KR102418445B1 (ko) * 2016-07-14 2022-07-06 퍼블릭 조인트 스톡 컴퍼니 ＂세베르스탈＂ 스테인레스 강 부품의 형성 방법
DE102016218754A1 (de) * 2016-09-28 2018-03-29 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Baugruppe für ein Haushaltsgerät sowie Baugruppe
US10638849B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2020-05-05 Steelcase Inc. Convertible body support structure
US11030490B2 (en) 2019-08-30 2021-06-08 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Performance of machine learning models for automatic quantification of coronary artery disease
DE102021119672A1 (de) 2021-07-28 2023-02-02 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Auszugsführung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Auszugsführung

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DE19530194A1 (de) * 1995-08-17 1997-02-20 Niro Plan Ag Küchenspüle
DE102004027717A1 (de) 2004-06-07 2005-12-22 Accuride International Gmbh Beschichtete Teleskopschiene
DE102009044340A1 (de) 2008-12-02 2010-06-10 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen, insbesondere für Hochtemperaturanwendungen und Bauteil
DE102009044011A1 (de) * 2009-09-15 2011-03-24 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Herstellen einer beschichteten Auszugsführung

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DE102011001744A1 (de) 2011-10-06
US20130129265A1 (en) 2013-05-23
WO2011121121A2 (fr) 2011-10-06

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