EP2551872A1 - Actionneur pour un disjoncteur - Google Patents

Actionneur pour un disjoncteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2551872A1
EP2551872A1 EP11006250A EP11006250A EP2551872A1 EP 2551872 A1 EP2551872 A1 EP 2551872A1 EP 11006250 A EP11006250 A EP 11006250A EP 11006250 A EP11006250 A EP 11006250A EP 2551872 A1 EP2551872 A1 EP 2551872A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
armature
cylinder
stator
terminal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11006250A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Reuber
Günther MECHLER
Ryan Chladny
Gregor Stengel
Jeroen Derkx
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to EP11006250A priority Critical patent/EP2551872A1/fr
Publication of EP2551872A1 publication Critical patent/EP2551872A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H01H3/605—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock making use of a fluid damper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of high power circuit breakers.
  • the invention relates to an actuator for a circuit breaker and a circuit breaker.
  • An automatic circuit breaker usually comprises a switching chamber in which two terminals are connected or disconnected for opening and closing an electric path between the two terminals, and an actuator which is used for generating a relative movement of the two terminals.
  • an actuator for generating a linear movement may comprise an armature and a stator that are adapted to move relative to each other and a coil in which a magnetic field may be induced that causes the movement of the stator and the armature from a closed into an opened position.
  • the armature is accelerated with respect to the stator, when the actuator has to be moved from the closed position into the opened state.
  • This bouncing effect may generate an over-travel and/or a back-travel of the actuator components, for example the stator and the armature, as well as of the moving terminal of the circuit breaker. This may degrade the switching properties of the circuit breaker.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to an actuator for a circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker may be a medium voltage circuit breaker, wherein a medium voltage may be a voltage between 1 kV and 50 kV.
  • the actuator comprises a stator and an armature, which are movable with respect to each other between a closed position and an opened position, a coil for generating a magnetic field, which is adapted to cause a relative movement of the stator and the armature from the closed position into the opened position, and a damper element for absorbing kinetic energy of the relative movement of the stator and the armature in the opened position.
  • the damper element may be adapted to absorb a significant part of the kinetic energy of the actuator.
  • the damper element may damp the movement of the armature during or at the end of the opening operation of the actuator, i .e, when the actuator reaches it opened position.
  • the kinetic energy of the movement of the actuator may be absorbed by a damper element.
  • the damper element may convert the kinetic energy into other energy forms like heat or pressure, the bouncing effect may be reduced, in particular, such that a well-defined over-travel and back-travel value of the actuator is reached.
  • the damping of armature bouncing will be more effective and the danger of unwanted effects on technical components in or in the environment of the drive of the circuit breaker, i. e. the actuator, may be reduced.
  • the damper element comprises a compressible damper material.
  • the damper material may be rubber, a foam material, or a gas like air.
  • the damper element comprises a plate of damping material positioned between the stator and the armature.
  • the plate may be positioned in such a way, that, in the opened position, it contacts the faces of the armature und the stator that otherwise would hit each other in the opened position.
  • a compressible damper material sheet may be positioned between yoke and a small armature disk and may provide a damping effect.
  • the armature comprises a shaft, wherein the stator has a hole through which the shaft extends, wherein the plate of damping material has a hole through which the shaft extends.
  • the plate may be a disk of damper material between an armature disk and the stator.
  • the damper element comprises a cylinder and piston arrangement, wherein a cylinder and a piston of the cylinder and piston arrangement are mechanically connected to the actuator such that a fluid inside the cylinder is compressed by the piston, when the actuator reaches the opened position.
  • the fluid inside the cylinder which may be air
  • the damper element may comprise an air damper for the opening operation of the actuator. Due to the rising pressure inside the cylinder, the damping effect may rise, when the actuator approaches the opened position.
  • the cylinder and piston arrangement allows the flow of compressed fluid out of the cylinder such that an overpressure in the cylinder is reduced.
  • the fluid inside the cylinder is compressed and would generate a force that would generate a movement of the armature back in the closed position. This movement may be prevented by slowly allowing the fluid to exit the cylinder.
  • the cylinder or the piston may have a hole, or there may be a gap between the inside of the cylinder and an outside of the piston that allows the flowing of the fluid out of the cylinder.
  • the hole or the gap should be as small that the movement of the actuator may be damped by compressing the fluid and after that the overpressure inside the cylinder may be reduced due to fluid that slowly leaves the cylinder.
  • the cylinder and piston arrangement has a unidirectional valve for allowing fluid to flow into the cylinder.
  • the unidirectional valve may allow fluid to enter the cylinder but may prevent fluid from leaving the cylinder.
  • the unidirectional valve may have the effect that the movement of the armature and the stator from the opened into the closed position is not or nearly not damped by the cylinder and piston arrangement.
  • the armature comprises the piston.
  • an end of an armature disk of the armature provides the piston.
  • the part of the actuator facing in the direction in which the actuator moves during the opening operation may be used to press the piston into the cylinder.
  • the piston may be part of the armature or may be integrally formed with the armature disk.
  • the bouncing effect at the end of the opening operation of the actuator for a power breaker may be reduced using an air filled volume (formed by the piston and the cylinder) that is compressed during the opening motion.
  • the air volume may comprise a vessel with guiding side walls allowing to seal the volume against the moving part limiting the volume at one side as a piston moving into a cylinder.
  • the damper element comprises a Newton pendulum, which is adapted to absorb at least a part of the kinetic energy of the actuator.
  • the armature In the opened position, the armature may hit the body of the Newton pendulum, which absorbs the kinetic energy of the armature and stops the movement of the armature.
  • the movement of the body of the pendulum may be damped by a damping material damping plate onto which the body hits or by damping the mounting of the pendulum.
  • the mounting of the body of the Newton pendulum may have a bearing absorbing the kinetic energy by friction.
  • the use of a Newton pendulum may decouple the damping from the armature motion.
  • the actuator comprises a frame, wherein the stator is rigidly connected to the frame and the armature is movable with respect to the frame.
  • the damper element may damp the movement of the armature into the opened position.
  • the actuator may be constructed in such a way, that the coil directly causes the movement of the armature relative to the stator. However, it may be also possible, that the coil causes the movement in an indirect way while reducing the counterforce of another driving force in opening direction.
  • the coil may move the stator and the armature with respect to each other.
  • the coil is connected to one of the parts of the actuator and may attract the other part, when energized.
  • the coil induces a magnetic field in the stator and/or the armature which counteracts a further magnetic field, for example generated by a permanent magnet, thus causing a force which separates the stator from the armature.
  • the actuator comprises a permanent magnet for generating a force in a closing direction of the stator and the armature.
  • the permanent magnet may be a part of the stator and the armature may comprise a ferromagnetic material that is attracted by the magnetic field that is induced by the permanent magnet in the material of the actuator.
  • the actuator comprises a spring element for generating a force in an opening direction opposite to the closing direction.
  • the force generated by the spring element may counteract the force of the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet and the spring element may be chosen, such that the actuator has two stable positions, i.e. the opened position and the closed position.
  • the force of the permanent magnet may be bigger than the force of the spring in the closed position and the magnetic force caused by the permanent magnet on a smaller disk of the armature is sufficient to hold the armature in the opened position while the spring force is relatively small.
  • the magnetic force between the stator and the armature may decrease when the two components of the actuator are moved away from each other and the spring element may be a helical spring that has a nearly stepwise linearly changing force when being compressed or extended.
  • a sum of a magnetic force caused by the coil supplied with a voltage and a force of the spring element is bigger than the force caused by the permanent magnet.
  • the coil is located in the actuator in such a way, that the magnetic field of the coil caused by an applied voltage counteracts the magnetic field of the permanent magnet.
  • the coil may be wound around the stator in such a way, that it generates a magnetic field in the opposite direction of the field caused by the permanent magnet.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker comprises an actuator as described in the above and the following, and a switching chamber with a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the actuator is mechanically connected to the first terminal of the switching chamber, such that the actuator is adapted to move the first terminal between a closed position, in which the first terminal is electrically connected with the second terminal, and an opened position in which the first terminal is electrically disconnected from the second terminal.
  • the first terminal of the switching chamber is movable with respect to the switching chamber, which may be a vacuum interrupter, and the second terminal is fixed with respect to the switching chamber. Since such a circuit breaker has an actuator with a well-defined moving behaviour, with well-defined over-travel and back-travel, such a circuit breaker may have a well-defined switching behaviour, and in particular a very well-defined switching time.
  • the closed and opened position of the switching chamber of the circuit breaker may be reached, when the actuator reaches its closed position and opened position, respectively.
  • the switching chamber reaches its closed position, when the actuator reaches its opened position and vice versa.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a circuit breaker 10 which comprises an actuator 12 and a switching chamber 14.
  • the circuit breaker 10 may be any switching device in particular any medium voltage switching device.
  • the actuator 12 is adapted to generate a linear movement of a rod 16 that is mechanically connected to a first terminal 18 of the switching chamber 14, which is movable connected to the switching chamber 14.
  • the first terminal 18 may be pushed onto the second terminal 20 by the actuator 12, thus moving the switching chamber 14 or respective the circuit breaker 10 into a closed position, in which the contacts 22 of the circuit breaker are in electrical contact. Further, the terminal 18 may be moved away from the terminal 20 by the actuator 12, such moving the switching chamber 14 of the circuit breaker 10 into an opened position, in which the contacts 22 are electrically disconnected from each other.
  • the actuator 12 is an electromagnetic actuator that is connected over an electrical line 24 with a voltage source 54.
  • the actuator 12 has an electromagnetic coil 28 that is connectable to the voltage source in such a way that a magnetic field is induced in the coil 28 which causes the actuator 12 to move from a closed into an opened position as will be explained in the following.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of an actuator 12.
  • the actuator 12 has an armature 32 comprising a main armature disk 34, a shaft 36 and a small armature disk 38.
  • the armature disks 34 and 38 may be ferromagnetic steel disks.
  • the armature disks 34 and 38 are parallel to each other and are mechanically connected by the shaft 36 which is used for guiding the armature through a hole of the stator 40 relative to the stator 40.
  • the stator 40 comprises an inner yoke 42 which has a hole through which the shaft 36 as part of the armature 32 is guided relative to the stator 40.
  • the stator 40 further comprises two permanent magnets 44 attached to side faces of the inner yoke 42 and two outer yokes 46 attached to the permanent magnets 44.
  • the yokes 42, 46 and the permanent magnets 44 form a comb-like structure with teeth defined by the end of the yokes pointing into the direction of the armature disk 34. Between the teeth there are two gaps or windows in which a coil 48 is situated, which is wound around the inner yoke 42.
  • the actuator 12 shown in Fig. 2 is an actuator with two stable positions, i.e. a closed position shown in Fig. 2 and an opened position shown in Fig. 3 .
  • the stator 40 and the armature 32 form a magnetic circuit with a closed air gap 50 between the stator 40 and the armature components 42 and 46.
  • the permanent magnets 44 are placed in series into the magnetic circuit to provide a static magnetic flux that causes relative strong magnetic forces holding the air gap 50 closed.
  • a spring element 52 is applied as a counterforce to the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnets 44.
  • the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnets 44 is larger than the spring force generated by the spring element 52.
  • the closed position is stable even in the case of external mechanical excitations like earthquakes.
  • the opening operation of the actuator 12 is started by excitation of the magnetic coil 48 in a way that the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit is reduced until the magnetic force is smaller than the spring force of the spring element 52. Once the total force on the armature 32 has a zero crossing, a net acceleration of the armature 32 will start the opening operation. The more the gap between stator 40 and armature 32 has increased, the more the spring force may dominate the magnetic force.
  • the actuator 12 comprises a damper element 54 with a compressible damper material 54 that is positioned between the stator 40 and the armature 32.
  • the damper element 54 is a plate 54 in the form of a disk 54, with a hole through which the shaft 36 extends.
  • a further damper element of the actuator 12 is a cylinder and piston arrangement 55 with a piston 57 that is formed of the armature disk 34 and a damper cylinder 56 in the form of a cylindrical vessel arranged around the end of the armature disk 34.
  • the used damper material is air 58 from the environment of the actuator 12, which is compressed during the opening operation of the actuator 12.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a longitudinal cross-section through the actuator 12 in the opened position.
  • the stator 40 In the closed position, the stator 40 is abutting the armature disk 34 with the side that houses the coil 48.
  • the stator 40 In the opened position, the stator 40 is abutting the damper element disk 54 with the opposite side and the damper element 54 is abutting the armature disk 38.
  • the air gap 50 is maximal.
  • the spring force will dominate the magnetic force. During the opening movement the spring force is piecewise almost linearly decreasing. Once it has arrived in the opened position, the spring force may be neglegible, but the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 44 acting on the small disk 38 may be sufficient to hold the armature 32 in the opened position. Therefore, the opened position shown in Fig. 3 is also a stable position of the actuator 12. However, since there may be always a force accelerating the relative movement of the armature 32 relative to the stator 40, it is getting faster when reaching the opened position. As long as the coil 48 is connected to the power supply 54, the current in the coil 48 will rise thus contributing together with the permanent magnet to the overall magnetic force.
  • the coil will contribute to the acceleration of the armature. In the opposite case the magnetic field will contribute to the deceleration of the armature 32.
  • the armature 32 Once the armature 32 approaches its final opened position relative to the stator 40, shown in Fig. 3 , it will approach a specific kinetic energy corresponding to a velocity of the armature 32 relative to the stator 40 that may be too high, if the movement of the armature 32 relative to the stator 40 is not damped. If the damper elements 54, 55 would not damp the movement of the actuator 12, this kinetic energy may cause a mechanical bouncing due to the collision of the components of the actuator 12 which would cause the above-mentioned degrading of the switching properties of the circuit breaker,
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a three dimensional view of the actuator 12.
  • the stator 32 and the cylinder 56 are rigidly connected to a fix frame 60 of the actuator.
  • the armature 32 moves in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the air 58 inside the cylinder 56 is compressed.
  • the stator 40 moves the damping plate 54 onto the armature disk 38 and compresses the plate 54.
  • a further plate 62 is positioned between the inner yoke 42, the magnets 48 and the outer yokes 46 on one side and the damping plate 54 on the other side to distribute the force from the stator equally to the damping plate 54.
  • the damping effect of the cylinder and piston arrangement 55 is supported or combined with the compressible damper material sheet 54 of a certain thickness with a hole to be penetrated by the armature shaft 36.
  • the sheet 54 is positioned between the armature disk 38 and the plate 62, which may be a non-magnetic steel disk, that is a part of the stator 40.
  • Fig. 4 shows a notch 66, in which the spring element 52 not shown in Fig. 4 for opening the actuator 12 is positioned.
  • the cylindrical vessel of the cylinder 56 has bottom and side walls that are adapted to contain a part of the armature 32 that fits as the piston 57 into the vessel or cylinder, respectively.
  • the arrangement 55 is able to compress the air 58 in the volume contained by the cylinder 56 and the piston 57 during the opening operation of the actuator.
  • vessel mantle i. e. the inner wall of the cylinder 56
  • armature disk 34 serving as piston 57 is appropriate to avoid canting of the cylinder 56 and to allow for escape of compressed air 58 in an appropriate time.
  • the armature disk 34 dives into the cylinder 56 while compressing the air 58 in the cylinder.
  • the compression time of the air 58 is much shorter than the escape time of the air 58 mentioned above.
  • the air 58 is heated up thus transferring kinetic energy into heat energy.
  • a unidirectional blocking valve 62 at the bottom of the cylinder 56 is provided that allows free flow of air 58 into the cylinder 56.
  • the vessel mantle contour has to be adapted to the armature form, or the armature shape has to be redesigned.
  • the benefits offered by this arrangement are that the air damping effect in combination with other damping effects will reduce the armature speed at collision at the end of the opening motion.
  • the bouncing of the armature 12 at the end of the opening operation may be reduced significantly.
  • the overtravel and backtravel in reference to the opened position of the armature 12 may be limited to specified bounds.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows an actuator 12 with a Newton pendulum 70.
  • the pendulum has a body 72 which is movable mounted with a mounting 74 to the fix frame 60.
  • the bouncing of the armature 32 at the end of the opening operation of the actuator 1 may be reduced by the Newton pendulum 72.
  • the impulse of the armature 32 is transferred to the body 72 with a mass that is equal to the mass of the armature 32 in a well defined elastic collision.
  • the armature 32 is stopped relative to the inertial system of the stator 40 and the actuator 12.
  • the pendulum body has taken over the entire kinetic energy of the armature 32.
  • the motion of the pendulum can be damped without influencing the motion of the armature 32.
  • the armature After the transfer of the impulse of the armature 32 to the pendulum 70, the armature can be positioned at its nominal open position.
  • the form and position of the pendulum 70 and its rotation axes may be adapted to the spatial opportunities.
  • the bearing for the rotation axes may be placed at a part stiffly connected to the earth frame of the breaker system.
  • the motion of the pendulum 70 may be damped like the motion of the armature 32 in the Fig. 1 to 3 .
  • the motion may be damped by a damper element 76 situated behind the pendulum body 72.
  • damper element 76 situated behind the pendulum body 72.
  • Fig. 5 may be combined with the damping elements of Fig. 1 to 3 , for example with the damping plate 54 and the cylinder and piston arrangement 55.
EP11006250A 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Actionneur pour un disjoncteur Withdrawn EP2551872A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11006250A EP2551872A1 (fr) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Actionneur pour un disjoncteur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11006250A EP2551872A1 (fr) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Actionneur pour un disjoncteur

Publications (1)

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EP2551872A1 true EP2551872A1 (fr) 2013-01-30

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ID=44650806

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11006250A Withdrawn EP2551872A1 (fr) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Actionneur pour un disjoncteur

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EP (1) EP2551872A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10641410B2 (en) 2017-02-09 2020-05-05 Beijingwest Industries Co., Ltd. Pneumatic valve for air suspension systems

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001099133A1 (fr) * 2000-06-20 2001-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'ouverture de l'espace entre les contacts d'un interrupteur a vide
US6347615B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2002-02-19 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Damper for tap-changer vacuum switch
EP1770302A1 (fr) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-04 Acandis GmbH & Co. KG Procédé d'amortissement et dispositif correspondant
WO2007064535A1 (fr) * 2005-12-01 2007-06-07 S & C Electric Company Actionneur electromagnetique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6347615B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2002-02-19 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Damper for tap-changer vacuum switch
WO2001099133A1 (fr) * 2000-06-20 2001-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'ouverture de l'espace entre les contacts d'un interrupteur a vide
EP1770302A1 (fr) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-04 Acandis GmbH & Co. KG Procédé d'amortissement et dispositif correspondant
WO2007064535A1 (fr) * 2005-12-01 2007-06-07 S & C Electric Company Actionneur electromagnetique

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10641410B2 (en) 2017-02-09 2020-05-05 Beijingwest Industries Co., Ltd. Pneumatic valve for air suspension systems

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