EP2551475A2 - Rééquipement d'une centrale nucléaire - Google Patents
Rééquipement d'une centrale nucléaire Download PDFInfo
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- EP2551475A2 EP2551475A2 EP20120005081 EP12005081A EP2551475A2 EP 2551475 A2 EP2551475 A2 EP 2551475A2 EP 20120005081 EP20120005081 EP 20120005081 EP 12005081 A EP12005081 A EP 12005081A EP 2551475 A2 EP2551475 A2 EP 2551475A2
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- Prior art keywords
- steam
- pressure
- medium
- turbine
- steam generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/106—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
- F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
- F22B1/1815—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for retrofitting a nuclear power plant having a nuclear steam generating unit, the steam is fed to at least one steam turbine group having at least one steam turbine with a medium pressure level and at least one steam turbine with a low pressure level, wherein the nuclear steam generating unit by at least one gas turbine plant and at least one heat recovery steam generator is replaced and at least one Vorschaltdampfturbine is reinstalled, wherein the heat recovery steam generator has a high-pressure steam generator, the steam is supplied to the Vorschaltdampfturbine, wherein exhaust steam is supplied to the Vorschaltdampfturbine the steam turbine group.
- Nuclear power generation is politically contentious. For example, no operating licenses have been issued for nuclear power plants that have already been completely completed. There are also governments that have basically decided to phase out nuclear power.
- nuclear power plants with a pressure reactor are suitable for retrofitting because the secondary circuit is not radioactively loaded and thus the existing steam turbine groups can continue to be used after a changeover.
- the gas turbine plants include a compressor, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine.
- the hot flue gas leaves the gas turbine and is directed into a heat recovery steam generator.
- a particular challenge is the integration of existing steam turbine groups in the conversion of a nuclear power plant.
- An optimal integration of the existing steam turbine groups is crucial for the efficiency of the converted power plant.
- Steam turbines of nuclear power plants include steam turbines with a higher pressure level and steam turbines with a lower pressure level. Compared to modern power plant processes, however, the steam turbines with the higher pressure stage work only at a medium pressure level. Therefore, the steam turbines of the steam turbine group of nuclear power plants are hereinafter referred to as medium-pressure steam turbines and low-pressure steam turbines.
- the DE 199 62 403 A1 describes a method of retrofitting a nuclear power plant, which also replaces the nuclear steam generation system with gas turbine plants with heat recovery steam generators.
- steam is produced by means of a high pressure steam generator.
- a high-pressure steam turbine is connected in front of the existing steam turbine group, which is referred to as Vorschaltdampfturbine.
- the high pressure steam produced in the heat recovery steam generator is fed to this newly installed upstream steam turbine.
- the existing steam turbine group is supplied with the exhaust steam of the upstream steam turbine.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for retrofitting a nuclear power plant with the features described above, achieved by the application of the converted nuclear power plant the highest possible efficiency and in which the largest possible proportion of the existing components of the nuclear power plant is used.
- the heat recovery steam generator has at least one medium-pressure steam generator, the steam of the steam turbine is supplied to the average pressure level.
- the heat recovery steam generator thus comprises not only a high pressure steam generator but additionally a medium pressure steam generator.
- the medium-pressure steam turbine is thus not only exhaust steam fed to the feed steam turbine but additionally or alternatively live steam, which is produced in the medium-pressure steam generator.
- the proportions of the exhaust steam of the ballast turbine and of the live steam produced in the medium-pressure steam generator can be varied. This makes it possible to optimally set the steam parameters for the medium-pressure steam turbine. Thus, the efficiency of the overall process is increased.
- the conversion of the nuclear power plant according to the invention also makes it possible, if necessary, to use the already existing feedwater preheaters.
- the medium-pressure steam generator comprises a medium-pressure evaporator, which is arranged in the heat recovery steam generator.
- the medium-pressure evaporator is preferably fed by a medium-pressure steam drum, which is arranged outside of the heat recovery steam generator.
- the steam produced is passed through a medium-pressure superheater, which is also arranged in the heat recovery steam generator before it is fed to the medium-pressure steam turbine.
- the live steam produced in the medium-pressure steam generator is combined with the exhaust steam of the upstream steam turbine and then passed through a reheater before it is fed to the medium-pressure steam turbine.
- the heat recovery steam generator additionally has a low-pressure steam generator.
- high pressure evaporator, medium pressure evaporator and low pressure evaporator are thus arranged together in the heat recovery steam generator.
- the pressure level of the high-pressure steam is preferably in a range of 110 to 200 bar.
- the pressure level of the medium pressure steam is preferably in a range of 35 to 75 bar.
- the pressure level of the low-pressure steam is preferably in a range of 4 to 10 bar.
- the low pressure evaporator is fed by a low pressure steam drum located outside the heat recovery steam generator. If necessary, the steam produced in the low-pressure evaporator can additionally be passed through a low-pressure superheater, which is likewise arranged in the heat recovery steam generator.
- the low-pressure steam turbines are supplied both with the exhaust steam of the medium-pressure steam turbine and with fresh steam from the low-pressure steam generator, their proportions being adapted such that the existing low-pressure steam turbines are optimally utilized after the conversion. This additionally increases the overall efficiency of the converted power plant.
- each gas turbine is followed by a separate heat recovery steam generator, so that this flue gas is supplied by only one gas turbine. It is also possible that waste heat steam generators the flue gas is fed to a group of gas turbines, so that, for example, always two gas turbines share a heat recovery steam generator.
- the nuclear steam generation system usually generates saturated steam. This saturated steam is fed to medium pressure steam turbines, which are designed as saturated steam medium pressure steam turbines.
- the nuclear power plant is converted so that the Abdampfzubine the Vorschaltdampfturbine and produced in the medium pressure steam generator live steam to the steam parameters of the existing nuclear power plant at the entrance of the existing steam turbine.
- the entire steam turbine group is retained in this variant in its previous form.
- the water separator used between medium-pressure steam turbine and low-pressure steam turbine which are also referred to as separators, continue to be used after the conversion, as well as existing reheaters.
- the Vorschaltdampfturbine and the medium-pressure steam generator is designed so that the steam parameters of the exhaust steam of the Vorschaltdampfturbine and produced in the medium-pressure steam generator fresh steam in the medium pressure turbine still permissible areas, are shifted to higher temperatures and lower pressures such that at the outlet the medium-pressure steam turbine lower vapor levels are present.
- the Abdampfzu coincides the medium-pressure steam turbine in the superheated area.
- water separators and / or reheaters are removed between the steam turbines of the steam turbine group during conversion of the nuclear power plant.
- the existing saturated steam medium pressure turbine is replaced by a new medium pressure steam turbine, which is designed for other steam parameters.
- the exhaust steam of the feed steam turbine and the live steam produced in the medium-pressure steam generator are guided in this variant via a reheater in the heat recovery steam generator.
- the superheated steam is fed to the new medium pressure steam turbine.
- the new medium-pressure steam turbine is designed so that the parameters of its exhaust steam correspond to the steam parameters at the inlet to the low-pressure steam turbines, the original steam turbine group.
- the water separator and possibly also the original reheater before the low-pressure steam turbines can also be omitted.
- a new building is erected on the site of the nuclear power plant during refitting.
- the gas turbine plants are arranged.
- the Vorschaltdampfturbinen are arranged in the newly built building. It proves to be particularly advantageous if at least one gas turbine plant forms a single-shaft unit with a Vorschaltdampfturbine.
- the feed turbine with the gas turbine, the compressor and the generator is arranged on a shaft.
- the Vorschaltdampfturbinen also each drive a separate generator. Such a concept is called a multi-shaft system.
- At least one ballast turbine is arranged in the existing turbine house of the steam turbine group.
- the nuclear steam generating unit ie the entire primary circuit comprising a pressurized water reactor with steam generator, has been replaced by several gas turbine units 1 with heat recovery steam generators 2.
- gas turbine units 1 with heat recovery steam generators 2 In Fig. 1 By way of example, three gas turbine plants 1 with heat recovery steam generators 2 are shown.
- Each gas turbine plant 1 comprises a compressor 3, a combustion chamber 4, a gas turbine 5 and a generator 6.
- the compressor 3, the gas turbine 5 and the generator 6 are arranged on a common shaft 7.
- each gas turbine 5 is followed by a separate heat recovery steam generator 2.
- the flue gas of each gas turbine 5 is supplied to the respective heat recovery steam generator 2.
- Each heat recovery steam generator 2 comprises a high pressure steam generator 8, a medium pressure steam generator 9 and a low pressure steam generator 10.
- the steam produced in the high-pressure steam generators 8 is conducted into a high-pressure bus 11, which leads the high-pressure steam to a newly installed upstream steam turbine 12 during conversion.
- the Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 is designed as a high-pressure steam turbine with its own shaft 13 and a separate generator 14. At the in Fig. 1 variant shown, the high pressure steam is supplied to a common feed steam turbine 12.
- the steam produced in the medium-pressure steam generators 9 is conducted into a medium-pressure manifold 15. Together with the exhaust steam 18 of the Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 of the medium-pressure steam of the existing medium-pressure steam turbine 16 of the existing steam turbine 17 is supplied.
- the steam turbine group 17 includes low-pressure steam turbines 19.
- low-pressure steam turbines 19 are shown by way of example. All sub-turbines of the steam turbo group 17 are arranged on a common shaft 20 and drive a generator 21 at.
- the low-pressure steam turbines 19 are supplied with the exhaust steam 22 of the medium-pressure steam turbine 16 and live steam, which is produced in the low-pressure steam generators 10.
- the steam produced in the low-pressure steam generators 10 is first brought together in a low-pressure manifold 23 before it is fed to the low-pressure steam turbine 19.
- the exhaust steam 24 of the low-pressure steam turbine 19 is condensed in capacitors 25.
- the condensate is discharged via a condensate pump 26.
- high-pressure feedwater pumps 27, medium pressure feedwater pumps 28 and low-pressure feedwater pumps 29 provide the respective steam generators with feedwater.
- Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a used for the conversion of a nuclear power plant heat recovery steam generator 2 without reheating.
- the flue gas 30 of one of the gas turbines 5 is fed to the heat recovery steam generator 2 on the input side.
- the flue gas 30 first flows past the high-pressure steam generator 8, then past the medium-pressure steam generator 9 and finally past the low-pressure steam generator 10, and then leaves the waste-heat steam generator 2 on the output side.
- the high pressure steam generator 8 has a high pressure evaporator 31 to which feed water from a high pressure steam drum 32 is supplied.
- the resulting high-pressure steam first flows back into the high-pressure steam drum 32 and is then fed to a high-pressure superheater 33, in order then to be fed into the high-pressure bus 11.
- the high-pressure steam is expanded in the Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 to a medium pressure level.
- medium-pressure steam generator 9 live steam is produced at a medium pressure level.
- the medium pressure steam generator 9 has a medium pressure evaporator 34, the feed water from a medium pressure steam drum 35 is supplied.
- the medium-pressure steam produced in the medium pressure evaporator 34 first flows back into the medium pressure steam drum 35, through a medium pressure superheater 36 in the medium pressure manifold 15.
- the produced in the medium pressure steam generator 9 live steam and the exhaust steam 18 of the Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 of the medium pressure steam turbine 16 of the steam turbine 17 are supplied.
- Low-pressure steam generator 10 produces low-pressure steam.
- feedwater is supplied to a low-pressure evaporator 38 from a low-pressure steam drum 37.
- the generated low-pressure steam flows back into the low-pressure steam drum 37 and then into a low-pressure superheater 39. Thereafter, the low-pressure steam is fed into the low-pressure bus bar 23.
- the steam produced in the low-pressure steam generator 10 is supplied to the low-pressure steam turbines 19 together with the exhaust steam 22 of the medium-pressure steam turbine 16.
- the exhaust steam 24 of the low pressure steam turbine 19 is liquefied in the condensers 25.
- the condensate pump 26 conveys the condensate into a condensate preheater 40, which is arranged in the heat recovery steam generator. A portion of the condensate is fed to the low pressure steam drum 37 after the condensate preheater 40. The remaining part of the condensate flows into a feedwater pump 41.
- the feedwater pump 41 is designed in the embodiment as a high-pressure feed pump with medium pressure extraction.
- Feedwater is discharged via the medium pressure removal, which first flows through a feedwater preheater 42 before it enters the medium pressure steam drum 35.
- High-pressure side feed water flows from the feedwater pump 41 via a first high pressure economizer 43 and a second high pressure economizer 44 in the high pressure steam drum 32nd
- a heat recovery steam generator 2 is used for the conversion of the nuclear power plant, in which over the previously described variant, a reheating takes place.
- the exhaust steam 18 of the upstream steam turbine 12 is combined with the fresh steam produced in the medium-pressure steam generator 9 and passed through a reheater 45, which is also arranged in the heat recovery steam generator 2. Thereafter, the steam of the medium-pressure steam turbine 16 flows to.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Umrüstung eines Kernkraftwerks, das eine nukleare Dampferzeugungseinheit aufweist, deren Dampf mindestens einer Dampfturbogruppe zugeleitet wird, die mindestens eine Dampfturbine mit einem mittleren Druckniveau und mindestens eine Dampfturbine mit einem niedrigen Druckniveau aufweist, wobei die nukleare Dampferzeugungseinheit durch mindestens eine Gasturbinenanlage und mindestens einen Abhitzedampferzeuger ersetzt wird und mindestens eine Vorschaltdampfturbine neu installiert wird, wobei der Abhitzedampferzeuger einen Hochdruckdampferzeuger aufweist, dessen Dampf der Vorschaltdampfturbine zugeführt wird, wobei Abdampf der Vorschaltdampfturbine der Dampfturbogruppe zugeleitet wird.The invention relates to a method for retrofitting a nuclear power plant having a nuclear steam generating unit, the steam is fed to at least one steam turbine group having at least one steam turbine with a medium pressure level and at least one steam turbine with a low pressure level, wherein the nuclear steam generating unit by at least one gas turbine plant and at least one heat recovery steam generator is replaced and at least one Vorschaltdampfturbine is reinstalled, wherein the heat recovery steam generator has a high-pressure steam generator, the steam is supplied to the Vorschaltdampfturbine, wherein exhaust steam is supplied to the Vorschaltdampfturbine the steam turbine group.
Die Energieerzeugung durch Kernkraft ist politisch umstritten. So wurden beispielsweise für bereits vollständig fertig gestellte Kernkraftwerke keine Betriebsgenehmigungen erteilt. Zudem gibt es Regierungen, die grundsätzlich den Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie beschlossen haben.Nuclear power generation is politically contentious. For example, no operating licenses have been issued for nuclear power plants that have already been completely completed. There are also governments that have basically decided to phase out nuclear power.
Geänderte politische Rahmenbedingungen zwingen die Betreiber zur Stilllegung von Kernkraftwerken, in die kontinuierlich hohe Kapitalsummen investiert wurden, um höchste Sicherheitsstandards und eine wirtschaftliche Betriebsweise zu garantieren.Changing political conditions are forcing operators to decommission nuclear power plants, which have been investing continuously large amounts of capital in order to guarantee the highest safety standards and economic operation.
Die Folge sind Investitionsruinen mit vollständig intaktem Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf, elektrischen Anlagen, Gebäuden und Kühlwasseranlagen. Nach einer Stilllegung des Kernkraftwerks fallen zudem hohe Kosten für den Rückbau sowohl des nuklearen als auch des konventionellen Teils an. Weiterhin ist auch bei stillgelegten Kernkraftwerken die Anwesenheit einer Betriebsmannschaft erforderlich, die das Kraftwerk betreut.The result is investment ruins with fully intact water-steam cycle, electrical installations, buildings and cooling water systems. After decommissioning the nuclear power plant, there are also high costs for the dismantling of both the nuclear and the conventional part. Furthermore, even in disused nuclear power plants, the presence of an operating team is required, which looks after the power plant.
Um den betrieblichen und volkswirtschaftlichen Schaden zu minimieren, bietet sich ein Umbau der Kernkraftwerke an, bei dem die nukleare Energieerzeugung durch eine Energieerzeugung aus fossilen Energieträgern ersetzt wird. Dies bietet gegenüber einem Neubau eines Kraftwerks den Vorteil, dass kein neuer Standort erschlossen werden muss. Es kann eine bestehende Infrastruktur, inklusive der vorhandenen Netzeinspeisepunkte, genutzt werden.In order to minimize operational and economic damage, it is possible to rebuild the nuclear power plants by replacing nuclear energy generation with energy production from fossil fuels. This offers the advantage over a new construction of a power plant that no new location has to be developed. An existing infrastructure, including the existing grid entry points, can be used.
Für eine Umrüstung sind insbesondere Kernkraftwerke mit einem Druckreaktor geeignet, da der Sekundärkreislauf nicht radioaktiv belastet ist und somit die bestehenden Dampfturbogruppen nach einer Umstellung weiter genutzt werden können.In particular, nuclear power plants with a pressure reactor are suitable for retrofitting because the secondary circuit is not radioactively loaded and thus the existing steam turbine groups can continue to be used after a changeover.
Dazu sind Überlegungen erforderlich wie die hohe Leistung eines Nuklearreaktors adäquat ersetzt werden kann.This requires consideration as to how the high performance of a nuclear reactor can be adequately replaced.
In der
Eine besondere Herausforderung ist die Einbindung der bestehenden Dampfturbogruppen bei der Umrüstung eines Kernkraftwerks. Eine optimale Integration der vorhandenen Dampfturbogruppen ist entscheidend für die Wirtschaftlichkeit des umgebauten Kraftwerks.A particular challenge is the integration of existing steam turbine groups in the conversion of a nuclear power plant. An optimal integration of the existing steam turbine groups is crucial for the efficiency of the converted power plant.
Dampfturbogruppen von Kernkraftwerken umfassen Dampfturbinen mit einer höheren Druckstufe und Dampfturbinen mit einer niedrigeren Druckstufe. Im Vergleich zu modernen Kraftwerksprozessen arbeiten die Dampfturbinen mit der höheren Druckstufe aber nur auf einem mittleren Druckniveau. Daher werden die Dampfturbinen der Dampfturbogruppe von Kernkraftwerken im Folgenden mit Mitteldruckdampfturbinen und Niederdruckdampfturbinen bezeichnet.Steam turbines of nuclear power plants include steam turbines with a higher pressure level and steam turbines with a lower pressure level. Compared to modern power plant processes, however, the steam turbines with the higher pressure stage work only at a medium pressure level. Therefore, the steam turbines of the steam turbine group of nuclear power plants are hereinafter referred to as medium-pressure steam turbines and low-pressure steam turbines.
Weil die Dampfturbogruppen speziell auf Dampfparameter ausgelegt sind, die auf Energieerzeugung mittels eines Nuklearreaktors abgestimmt sind, sind spezielle Maßnahmen zur Nutzung des konventionellen Teils eines Kernkraftwerks erforderlich.Because the steam turbine groups are specifically designed for steam parameters that are tuned for energy production by means of a nuclear reactor, special measures are required to use the conventional part of a nuclear power plant.
Die
Bei herkömmlichen Verfahren zur Umrüstung von Kernkraftwerken können zahlreiche Komponenten des bestehenden Wasser-Dampf-Kreislaufes nicht mehr genutzt werden. Durch den Einsatz einer Vorschaltdampfturbine sind bei gattungsgemäßen Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik die vorhandenen Speisewasservorwärmer und Speisewasserpumpen nicht mehr nutzbar. Zudem ist bei herkömmlichen Verfahren zur Umrüstung von Kernkraftwerken der nach der Umrüstung erreichte Wirkungsgrad zu gering.Conventional nuclear power plant conversion processes can no longer use many components of the existing water-steam cycle. The use of a Vorschaltdampfturbine are in generic methods according to the prior art, the existing feedwater and feedwater pumps no longer available. In addition, in conventional processes for the conversion of nuclear power plants, the efficiency achieved after the conversion is too low.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Umrüstung eines Kernkraftwerks mit den eingangs beschriebenen Merkmalen anzugeben, durch dessen Anwendung das umgerüstete Kernkraftwerk einen möglichst hohen Wirkungsgrad erreicht und bei dem ein möglichst großer Anteil der bestehenden Komponenten des Kernkraftwerks genutzt wird.The object of the invention is to provide a method for retrofitting a nuclear power plant with the features described above, achieved by the application of the converted nuclear power plant the highest possible efficiency and in which the largest possible proportion of the existing components of the nuclear power plant is used.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Abhitzedampferzeuger mindestens einen Mitteldruckdampferzeuger aufweist, dessen Dampf der Dampfturbine mit dem mittlerem Druckniveau zugeführt wird.This object is achieved in that the heat recovery steam generator has at least one medium-pressure steam generator, the steam of the steam turbine is supplied to the average pressure level.
Der Abhitzedampferzeuger umfasst somit nicht nur einen Hochdruckdampferzeuger sondern zusätzlich einen Mitteldruckdampferzeuger. Der Mitteldruckdampfturbine wird somit nicht nur Abdampf der Vorschaltdampfturbine zugeführt sondern zusätzlich oder alternativ Frischdampf, der im Mitteldruckdampferzeuger produziert wird. Die Anteile des Abdampfes der Vorschaltturbine und des im Mitteldruckdampferzeuger produzierten Frischdampfes können dabei variiert werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Dampfparameter optimal für die Mitteldruckdampfturbine einzustellen. Somit wird der Wirkungsgrad des Gesamtprozesses gesteigert. Zudem ermöglich die erfindungsgemäße Umrüstung des Kernkraftwerks ggf. auch eine Nutzung der bereits vorhandenen Speisewasservorwärmer.The heat recovery steam generator thus comprises not only a high pressure steam generator but additionally a medium pressure steam generator. The medium-pressure steam turbine is thus not only exhaust steam fed to the feed steam turbine but additionally or alternatively live steam, which is produced in the medium-pressure steam generator. The proportions of the exhaust steam of the ballast turbine and of the live steam produced in the medium-pressure steam generator can be varied. This makes it possible to optimally set the steam parameters for the medium-pressure steam turbine. Thus, the efficiency of the overall process is increased. In addition, the conversion of the nuclear power plant according to the invention also makes it possible, if necessary, to use the already existing feedwater preheaters.
Der Mitteldruckdampferzeuger umfasst einen Mitteldruckverdampfer, der im Abhitzedampferzeuger angeordnet ist. Der Mitteldruckverdampfer wird vorzugsweise von einer Mitteldruckdampftrommel gespeist, die außerhalb des Abhitzedampferzeugers angeordnet ist. Bei einer Variante der Erfindung wird der erzeugte Dampf durch einen Mitteldrucküberhitzer geleitet, der ebenfalls im Abhitzedampferzeuger angeordnet ist, bevor er der Mitteldruckdampfturbine zugeleitet wird.The medium-pressure steam generator comprises a medium-pressure evaporator, which is arranged in the heat recovery steam generator. The medium-pressure evaporator is preferably fed by a medium-pressure steam drum, which is arranged outside of the heat recovery steam generator. In a variant of the invention, the steam produced is passed through a medium-pressure superheater, which is also arranged in the heat recovery steam generator before it is fed to the medium-pressure steam turbine.
Bei einer Variante der Erfindung wird der im Mitteldruckdampferzeuger produzierte Frischdampf mit dem Abdampf der Vorschaltdampfturbine zusammengeführt und anschließend durch einen Zwischenüberhitzer geleitet bevor er der Mitteldruckdampfturbine zugeführt wird.In a variant of the invention, the live steam produced in the medium-pressure steam generator is combined with the exhaust steam of the upstream steam turbine and then passed through a reheater before it is fed to the medium-pressure steam turbine.
Als besonders günstig erweist es sich, wenn der Abhitzedampferzeuger zusätzlich einen Niederdruckdampferzeuger aufweist. Bei dieser vorteilhaften Variante sind im Abhitzedampferzeuger somit Hochdruckverdampfer, Mitteldruckverdampfer und Niederdruckverdampfer gemeinsam angeordnet.It proves to be particularly favorable when the heat recovery steam generator additionally has a low-pressure steam generator. In this advantageous variant high pressure evaporator, medium pressure evaporator and low pressure evaporator are thus arranged together in the heat recovery steam generator.
Das Druckniveau des Hochdruckdampfes liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 110 bis 200 bar. Das Druckniveau des Mitteldruckdampfes liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 35 bis 75 bar. Das Druckniveau des Niederdruckdampfes liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 4 bis 10 bar.The pressure level of the high-pressure steam is preferably in a range of 110 to 200 bar. The pressure level of the medium pressure steam is preferably in a range of 35 to 75 bar. The pressure level of the low-pressure steam is preferably in a range of 4 to 10 bar.
Der Niederdruckverdampfer wird von einer Niederdruckdampftrommel gespeist, die außerhalb des Abhitzedampferzeugers angeordnet ist. Der im Niederdruckverdampfer produzierte Dampf kann bei Bedarf zusätzlich durch einen Niederdrucküberhitzer geleitet werden, der ebenfalls im Abhitzedampferzeuger angeordnet ist.The low pressure evaporator is fed by a low pressure steam drum located outside the heat recovery steam generator. If necessary, the steam produced in the low-pressure evaporator can additionally be passed through a low-pressure superheater, which is likewise arranged in the heat recovery steam generator.
Die Niederdruckdampfturbinen werden bei dieser Variante sowohl mit dem Abdampf der Mitteldruckdampfturbine als auch mit frischem Dampf aus dem Niederdruckdampferzeuger versorgt, wobei deren Anteile so angepasst werden, dass die vorhandenen Niederdruckdampfturbinen nach der Umrüstung optimal genutzt werden. Dadurch wird der Gesamtwirkungsgrad des umgerüsteten Kraftwerks zusätzlich gesteigert.In this variant, the low-pressure steam turbines are supplied both with the exhaust steam of the medium-pressure steam turbine and with fresh steam from the low-pressure steam generator, their proportions being adapted such that the existing low-pressure steam turbines are optimally utilized after the conversion. This additionally increases the overall efficiency of the converted power plant.
Bei einer Variante der Erfindung wird jeder Gasturbine ein eigener Abhitzedampferzeuger nachgeschaltet, so dass diesem Rauchgas von nur einer Gasturbine zugeführt wird. Es ist auch möglich, dass Abhitzedampferzeugern das Rauchgas einer Gruppe von Gasturbinen zugeführt wird, so dass sich beispielsweise jeweils immer zwei Gasturbinen einen Abhitzedampferzeuger teilen.In a variant of the invention, each gas turbine is followed by a separate heat recovery steam generator, so that this flue gas is supplied by only one gas turbine. It is also possible that waste heat steam generators the flue gas is fed to a group of gas turbines, so that, for example, always two gas turbines share a heat recovery steam generator.
In Kernkraftwerken wird vom nuklearen Dampferzeugungssystem in der Regel Sattdampf erzeugt. Dieser Sattdampf wird Mitteldruckdampfturbinen zugeleitet, die als Sattdampfmitteldruckdampfturbinen ausgeführt sind.In nuclear power plants, the nuclear steam generation system usually generates saturated steam. This saturated steam is fed to medium pressure steam turbines, which are designed as saturated steam medium pressure steam turbines.
Bei einer ersten Variante der Erfindung wird das Kernkraftwerk so umgerüstet, dass die Abdampfzustände der Vorschaltdampfturbine und der im Mitteldruckdampfserzeuger produzierte Frischdampf den Dampfparametern des bestehenden Kernkraftwerks am Eintritt der vorhandenen Dampfturbogruppen entsprechen. Die gesamte Dampfturbogruppe bleibt bei dieser Variante in ihrer bisherigen Form erhalten. Das heißt, dass auch die zwischen Mitteldruckdampfturbine und Niederdruckdampfturbine eingesetzten Wasserabscheider, die auch als Separatoren bezeichnet werden, nach dem Umbau weiter verwendet werden, ebenso wie vorhandene Zwischenüberhitzer.In a first variant of the invention, the nuclear power plant is converted so that the Abdampfzustände the Vorschaltdampfturbine and produced in the medium pressure steam generator live steam to the steam parameters of the existing nuclear power plant at the entrance of the existing steam turbine. The entire steam turbine group is retained in this variant in its previous form. This means that the water separator used between medium-pressure steam turbine and low-pressure steam turbine, which are also referred to as separators, continue to be used after the conversion, as well as existing reheaters.
Bei einer zweiten Variante der Erfindung wird die Vorschaltdampfturbine und der Mitteldruckdampferzeuger so ausgelegt, dass die Dampfparameter des Abdampfes der Vorschaltdampfturbine und des im Mitteldruckdampferzeugers produzierten Frischdampfes in für die Mitteldruckturbine noch zulässigen Bereiche, zu höheren Temperaturen und niedrigeren Drücken, derart verschoben werden, dass am Austritt der Mitteldruckdampfturbine geringere Dampffeuchten vorliegen. Vorzugsweise liegen die Abdampfzustände der Mitteldruckdampfturbine im überhitzen Bereich. Bei dieser Variante werden Wasserabscheider und/oder Zwischenüberhitzer zwischen den Dampfturbinen der Dampfturbogruppe beim Umbau des Kernkraftwerks entfernt.In a second variant of the invention, the Vorschaltdampfturbine and the medium-pressure steam generator is designed so that the steam parameters of the exhaust steam of the Vorschaltdampfturbine and produced in the medium-pressure steam generator fresh steam in the medium pressure turbine still permissible areas, are shifted to higher temperatures and lower pressures such that at the outlet the medium-pressure steam turbine lower vapor levels are present. Preferably, the Abdampfzustände the medium-pressure steam turbine in the superheated area. In this variant, water separators and / or reheaters are removed between the steam turbines of the steam turbine group during conversion of the nuclear power plant.
Bei einer dritten Variante der Erfindung wird die vorhandene Sattdampfmitteldruckturbine durch eine neue Mitteldruckdampfturbine ersetzt, die für andere Dampfparameter ausgelegt ist. Der Abdampf der Vorschaltdampfturbine und der im Mitteldruckdampferzeuger produzierte Frischdampf werden bei dieser Variante über einen Zwischenüberhitzer im Abhitzedampferzeuger geführt. Der zwischenüberhitzte Dampf wird der neuen Mitteldruckdampfturbine zugeführt. Die neue Mitteldruckdampfturbine wird so ausgelegt, dass die Parameter ihres Abdampfes den Dampfparametern am Eintritt in die Niederdruckdampfturbinen, der ursprünglichen Dampfturbogruppe entsprechen. Bei dieser Variante können ebenfalls die Wasserabscheider und ggf. auch die ursprünglichen Zwischenüberhitzer vor den Niederdruckdampfturbinen entfallen.In a third variant of the invention, the existing saturated steam medium pressure turbine is replaced by a new medium pressure steam turbine, which is designed for other steam parameters. The exhaust steam of the feed steam turbine and the live steam produced in the medium-pressure steam generator are guided in this variant via a reheater in the heat recovery steam generator. The superheated steam is fed to the new medium pressure steam turbine. The new medium-pressure steam turbine is designed so that the parameters of its exhaust steam correspond to the steam parameters at the inlet to the low-pressure steam turbines, the original steam turbine group. In this variant, the water separator and possibly also the original reheater before the low-pressure steam turbines can also be omitted.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Variante wird bei der Umrüstung ein neues Gebäude auf dem Gelände des Kernkraftwerks errichtet. In diesem neuen Gebäude werden die Gasturbinenanlagen angeordnet.In an advantageous variant, a new building is erected on the site of the nuclear power plant during refitting. In this new building, the gas turbine plants are arranged.
Bei einer Variante der Erfindung sind auch die Vorschaltdampfturbinen in dem neu errichteten Gebäude angeordnet. Dabei erweist es sich als besonders vorteilhaft, wenn zumindest eine Gasturbinenanlage mit einer Vorschaltdampfturbine eine Einwelleneinheit bildet. Bei dieser Ausführung ist die Vorschaltdampfturbine mit der Gasturbine, dem Verdichter und dem Generator auf einer Welle angeordnet. Alternativ können die Vorschaltdampfturbinen auch jeweils einen eigenen Generator antreiben. Ein solches Konzept bezeichnet man als Mehrwellenanlage.In a variant of the invention, the Vorschaltdampfturbinen are arranged in the newly built building. It proves to be particularly advantageous if at least one gas turbine plant forms a single-shaft unit with a Vorschaltdampfturbine. In this embodiment, the feed turbine with the gas turbine, the compressor and the generator is arranged on a shaft. Alternatively, the Vorschaltdampfturbinen also each drive a separate generator. Such a concept is called a multi-shaft system.
Bei einer alternativen Variante der Erfindung ist mindestens eine Vorschaltdampfturbine im bestehenden Maschinenhaus der Dampfturbogruppe angeordnet.In an alternative variant of the invention, at least one ballast turbine is arranged in the existing turbine house of the steam turbine group.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen, anhand von Zeichnungen und aus den Zeichnungen selbst.Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of exemplary embodiments, with reference to drawings and from the drawings themselves.
Dabei zeigt
- Fig. 1
- ein schematisches Fließbild für den Umbau eines Kernkraftwerks,
- Fig. 2
- ein Fließschema eines für den Umbau eingesetzten Abhitzedampferzeugers ohne Zwischenüberhitzung,
- Fig. 3
- ein Fließschema eines für den Umbau eingesetzten Abhitzedampferzeugers mit Zwischenüberhitzung.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic diagram for the conversion of a nuclear power plant,
- Fig. 2
- a flow chart of a waste heat steam generator used for the conversion without reheating,
- Fig. 3
- a flow diagram of a waste heat steam generator used for the conversion with reheat.
Bei dem in
Jede Gasturbinenanlage 1 umfasst einen Kompressor 3, eine Brennkammer 4, eine Gasturbine 5 und einen Generator 6. Der Kompressor 3, die Gasturbine 5 und der Generator 6 sind auf einer gemeinsamen Welle 7 angeordnet.Each
Bei der in
Der in den Hochdruckdampferzeugern 8 produzierte Dampf wird in eine Hochdrucksammelschiene 11 geleitet, die den Hochdruckdampf zu einer beim Umbau neu installierten Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 führt. Die Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 ist als Hochdruckdampfturbine mit einer eigenen Welle 13 und einem eigenen Generator 14 ausgeführt. Bei der in
Der in den Mitteldruckdampferzeugern 9 produzierte Dampf wird in eine Mitteldrucksammelschiene 15 geleitet. Gemeinsam mit dem Abdampf 18 der Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 wird der Mitteldruckdampf der bereits vorhandenen Mitteldruckdampfturbine 16 der bestehenden Dampfturbogruppe 17 zugeführt.The steam produced in the medium-
Neben der Mitteldruckdampfturbine 16 umfasst die Dampfturbogruppe 17 Niederdruckdampfturbinen 19. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind exemplarisch drei Niederdruckdampfturbinen 19 dargestellt. Alle Teilturbinen der Dampfturbogruppe 17 sind auf einer gemeinsamen Welle 20 angeordnet und treiben einen Generator 21 an. Den Niederdruckdampfturbinen 19 wird der Abdampf 22 der Mitteldruckdampfturbine 16 und Frischdampf zugeführt, der in den Niederdruckdampferzeugern 10 produziert wird. Der in den Niederdruckdampferzeugern 10 hergestellte Dampf wird dabei zunächst in einer Niederdrucksammelschiene 23 zusammengeführt bevor er den Niederdruckdampfturbinen 19 zugeleitet wird.In addition to the medium-
Der Abdampf 24 der Niederdruckdampfturbinen 19 wird in Kondensatoren 25 kondensiert. Das Kondensat wird über eine Kondensatpumpe 26 abgeführt. Bei dem in
Beim Umbau des Kernkraftwerks bleiben bei der in
Der Hochdruckdampferzeuger 8 weist einen Hochdruckverdampfer 31 auf, dem Speisewasser aus einer Hochdruckdampftrommel 32 zugeführt wird. Der entstehende Hochdruckdampf strömt zunächst zurück in die Hochdruckdampftrommel 32 und wird dann einem Hochdrucküberhitzer 33 zugeführt, um dann in die Hochdrucksammelschiene 11 eingespeist zu werden. Der Hochdruckdampf wird in der Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 auf ein mittleres Druckniveau entspannt.The high
Im Mitteldruckdampferzeuger 9 wird Frischdampf auf einem mittleren Druckniveau erzeugt. Der Mitteldruckdampferzeuger 9 weist einen Mitteldruckverdampfer 34 auf, dem Speisewasser aus einer Mitteldruckdampftrommel 35 zugeführt wird. Der im Mitteldruckverdampfer 34 produzierte Mitteldruckdampf strömt zunächst zurück in die Mitteldruckdampftrommel 35, durch einen Mitteldrucküberhitzer 36 in die Mitteldrucksammelschiene 15. Der im Mitteldruckdampferzeuger 9 produzierte Frischdampf und der Abdampf 18 der Vorschaltdampfturbine 12 werden der Mitteldruckdampfturbine 16 der Dampfturbogruppe 17 zugeführt.In medium-
Im Niederdruckdampferzeuger 10 wird Niederdruckdampf produziert. Dazu wird aus einer Niederdruckdampftrommel 37 Speisewasser einem Niederdruckverdampfer 38 zugeführt. Der erzeugte Niederdruckdampf strömt zurück in die Niederdruckdampftrommel 37 und danach in einen Niederdrucküberhitzer 39. Danach wird der Niederdruckdampf in die Niederdrucksammelschiene 23 eingespeist. Der im Niederdruckdampferzeuger 10 produzierte Dampf wird gemeinsam mit dem Abdampf 22 der Mitteldruckdampfturbine 16 den Niederdruckdampfturbinen 19 zugeführt.Low-
Der Abdampf 24 der Niederdruckdampfturbinen 19 wird in den Kondensatoren 25 verflüssigt. Die Kondensatpumpe 26 fördert das Kondensat in einen Kondensatvorwärmer 40, der im Abhitzedampferzeuger angeordnet ist. Ein Teil des Kondensats wird nach dem Kondensatvorwärmer 40 der Niederdruckdampftrommel 37 zugeführt. Der restliche Teil des Kondensats fließt in eine Speisewasserpumpe 41. Die Speisewasserpumpe 41 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel als Hochdruckspeisepumpe mit Mitteldruckentnahme ausgeführt.The
Über die Mitteldruckentnahme wird Speisewasser abgeführt, das zunächst durch einen Speisewasservorwärmer 42 strömt bevor es in die Mitteldruckdampftrommel 35 gelangt.Feedwater is discharged via the medium pressure removal, which first flows through a
Hochdruckseitig strömt Speisewasser von der Speisewasserpumpe 41 über einen ersten Hochdruck-Economizer 43 und einen zweiten Hochdruck-Economizer 44 in die Hochdruckdampftrommel 32.High-pressure side feed water flows from the
Bei der in
Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit wurde bei der Figurenbeschreibung auf die Darstellung von Armaturen und möglichen Bypässen verzichtet.For clarity, in the description of the figures on the representation of fittings and possible bypasses has been omitted.
Claims (8)
wobei der Abhitzedampferzeuger (2) mindestens einen Hochdruckdampferzeuger (8) aufweist, dessen Dampf der Vorschaltdampfturbine (12) zugeführt wird, wobei Abdampf (18) der Vorschaltdampfturbine (12) der Dampfturbogruppe (17) zugeleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Abhitzedampferzeuger (2) mindestens einen Mitteldruckdampferzeuger (9) aufweist, dessen Dampf der Dampfturbine (16) mit dem mittlerem Druckniveau zugeführt wird.
the heat recovery steam generator (2) having at least one high-pressure steam generator (8), the steam of which is fed to the feed steam turbine (12), exhaust steam (18) being fed to the feed steam turbine (12) of the steam turbine group (17), characterized
that the heat recovery steam generator (2) comprises at least one medium-pressure steam generator (9), the steam of the steam turbine (16) to the medium pressure level is supplied.
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DE102011108711A DE102011108711A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2011-07-28 | Conversion of a nuclear power plant |
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WO2021160367A1 (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2021-08-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Repowering steam turbine facility, and facility |
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WO1997018386A1 (en) | 1995-11-14 | 1997-05-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | System and method for combustion turbine repowering of existing low superheat steam turbines |
DE19962403A1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2001-06-28 | Alstom Power Schweiz Ag Baden | Method for converting a system producing saturated steam with at least one steam turbine group, and power plant converted according to the method |
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DE3742876A1 (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-29 | Siemens Ag | METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE RENEWAL OF A VERTICAL STEAM GENERATOR, ESPECIALLY IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS |
CH678987A5 (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1991-11-29 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
DE19805119A1 (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 1999-08-12 | Werner Foppe | Alternative energy technology process for reuse of shut-down nuclear or fuel-fired power station steam generators |
DE19939141A1 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2000-07-13 | Heinz Berthold | Conversion of nuclear power plant to fossil fuel power plant, comprises separating secondary coolant circuit from primary coolant circuit and supplying secondary circuit with steam generated by fossil fuel |
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WO1997018386A1 (en) | 1995-11-14 | 1997-05-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | System and method for combustion turbine repowering of existing low superheat steam turbines |
DE19962403A1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2001-06-28 | Alstom Power Schweiz Ag Baden | Method for converting a system producing saturated steam with at least one steam turbine group, and power plant converted according to the method |
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WO2021160367A1 (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2021-08-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Repowering steam turbine facility, and facility |
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