EP2550583A2 - Dispositif interactif adaptable aux conditions de luminosite ambiante - Google Patents
Dispositif interactif adaptable aux conditions de luminosite ambianteInfo
- Publication number
- EP2550583A2 EP2550583A2 EP11712998A EP11712998A EP2550583A2 EP 2550583 A2 EP2550583 A2 EP 2550583A2 EP 11712998 A EP11712998 A EP 11712998A EP 11712998 A EP11712998 A EP 11712998A EP 2550583 A2 EP2550583 A2 EP 2550583A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light source
- sensor
- facade
- image
- frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/042—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means
- G06F3/0428—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means by sensing at the edges of the touch surface the interruption of optical paths, e.g. an illumination plane, parallel to the touch surface which may be virtual
Definitions
- Interactive device adaptable to the conditions of
- the invention relates to any device comprising an interactive or tactile facade allowing a user to interact directly on said facade to obtain a service.
- the invention relates more specifically, but in a non-limiting manner, vending machines food (snacking in English terminology), hot or cold beverages. It also concerns interactive panels or windows for delivering location, price and other information.
- Automatic distribution is a privileged channel for the food industry. In particular, it allows substantial margins. To maximize the attractiveness of such distributors, manufacturers have chosen to equip the main facade of said dispensers with a touch screen, sometimes even large. The objective is to allow a playful use of the distributor and to deliver additional information on the products. A second objective aims at facilitating the adaptation of the distributors to the products delivered, the evolution of the prices etc. However, this solution proves to be expensive because of the cost of a touch screen. Manufacturers or operators of such distributors who have opted for this solution must also deal with the fragility of this type of screens. Indeed, a screen can be quickly scratched or broken according to the use that is made of it. A distributor is then out of service, causing high maintenance costs.
- Such devices are arranged in varied environments: indoor or outdoor, bright or dark spaces, etc.
- the ambient light conditions due to direct exposure to sunlight, to more or less sustained lighting, have particularly negative consequences for such a device - such as a food vending machine for example.
- the brightness to which an interactive facade is exposed can cause a malfunction of the detection mechanism.
- the sensor or sensors of an interactive facade may be saturated in the presence of particularly intense lighting caused by excessive sunlight, for example.
- the presence of shadows due to objects or a person approaching a facade can greatly alter the detection capabilities of the facade.
- the interactive façades of totems or known interactive windows have a dedicated lighting.
- This lighting is generally in the form of light-emitting diodes located around the frame of the facade, particularly near the sensor or sensors.
- most interactive façades use sensors sensitive only to the near infrared.
- the spectral band located outside the near infrared is filtered.
- the document US2005 / 277071A1 discloses an interactive table having a wall and an image sensor sensitive only to near-infrared radiation to provide an image of said wall and to allow the detection of a pointer in the vicinity of it.
- the table operates a video projector to deliver content through the wall.
- the disadvantages of this type of façade are however numerous.
- the spectral band is impoverished compared to that delivered by a sensor working in the field of the visible. Detection capabilities are therefore lower.
- the costs are greatly increased: the sensors are much more expensive than standard sensors and the light sources dedicated to the illumination of the frame, such as infrared diodes are also more expensive than diodes emitting in the visible.
- an interactive facade in the form of a wall surrounded by a frame, said frame comprising a matrix image sensor for providing an image of said frame and allowing the detection of a pointer near the wall; a light source emitting radiation visible to the human eye for illuminating said facade and / or a visible content therethrough. ;
- such a device is arranged for:
- a part of the light delivered by the light source illuminates the frame of the interactive facade for the matrix image sensor to deliver an image of said illuminated frame
- such a device may comprise means for directing a portion of the light delivered by the light source to the frame of the interactive facade to illuminate it.
- the means for regulating the power of the light source of the device further regulate the exposure of the sensor.
- the means for regulating a device according to the invention translate all or part of the image delivered by the sensor in the form of a histogram in gray level.
- said means for regulating can calculate the absolute central moment of the histogram for estimating ambient lighting conditions.
- the invention provides, to solve the known drawbacks, a method for adapting a device comprising:
- an interactive facade in the form of a wall surrounded by a frame, said frame including at least one matrix image sensor for providing an image of said frame and allowing the detection of a pointer near the wall;
- a light source emitting radiation visible to the human eye to illuminate said facade and / or visible content through said facade.
- Such a method comprises a step for arranging the device for:
- said device comprises means for regulating the power of the light source by exploiting a partial image of the frame delivered by the matrix image sensor.
- the invention provides a method for regulating the power of a light source - emitting radiation visible to the human eye - of a device according to the invention, said method being implemented by the means for regulating said device.
- a method comprises:
- the method may comprise a step for estimating, together with the estimate of the light intensity delivered, an ability to detect a pointer on the basis of an image delivered by a frame sensor. of the interactive facade.
- FIG. 1 shows an interactive facade according to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 presents two examples of images obtained by means of a matrix image sensor according to the state of the art
- FIG. 3 describes a known functional system making it possible, from an interactive facade, to detect a pointer close to it;
- FIGS. 7a to 7d each show the translation of an image obtained by a matrix image sensor, in the form of a histogram according to the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an interactive device according to the invention.
- Figure 10 describes alternative embodiments of a method for controlling a light source of an interactive device according to the invention.
- Figure 1 allows to present an interactive facade 10 used in an interactive totem for example.
- the facade comprises a wall 14, generally translucent, surrounded by a frame 15.
- On the upper part 11 of the frame are arranged 3 matrix image sensors 12a, 12b and 12c.
- Each provides a two-dimensional image of a region of the frame 15, called region of interest.
- FIG. 2 makes it possible, by way of example, to illustrate two respectively polygonal 15a and rectangle 15b images captured using sensors 12a and 12b whose respective fields of view 12v and 12w do not alone make it possible to embrace the entire wall 14 of the facade.
- a known facade 10 comprises one or more light source (s) dedicated (s) for this purpose.
- light source (s) dedicated (s) for this purpose.
- four light-emitting diodes 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d are placed in close proximity to the image sensors.
- identical diodes are also arranged all around the frame, especially if the surface of the facade is important.
- the sensors of the interactive facades are sensitive mainly in the near infrared to reduce the sensitivity to variations in ambient brightness. In this case, the diodes emit according to these same wavelengths.
- the arrangement of the sensors 12a, 12b and 12c makes it possible to make the wall 14 touch. Thus, as soon as a pointer, such as a hand 20, approaches the wall, it is captured by one or more image sensors of the facade 10.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a functional diagram of a device comprising an interactive facade.
- a processing unit 30 exploits a set 21 of two-dimensional points u and v resulting from images 15a, 15b and 15c respectively taken by the sensors 12a, 12b and 12c.
- the means 30 implement a triangulation function to determine the three-dimensional position x, y and z of a pointer in the vicinity of the wall of a facade.
- To implement a triangulation function it is necessary that at least two sensors can capture said pointer.
- an intense and inhomogeneous illumination of the wall related to excessive sunlight for example, can greatly reduce the detection and positioning capability of a pointer. Indeed, the shadow carried by a pointer or by any object close to the wall can lead to inadvertent detection.
- Figures 4 to 6 describe three examples of devices likely to host an interactive facade.
- a device la distributor of food (snacking), has an interactive facade 10 through which we guess racking 6 for accommodating sandwiches and / or other sweets.
- a coin 3 allows to receive the coins of a buyer.
- a receptacle 4 is provided to restore the excess of money.
- a salvage zone 5 of a purchased item allows the buyer to collect the expected item.
- a light source 2 is intended to illuminate the content of the device.
- a parameterization step made it possible to define zones L1 to L16 at the wall of the facade 10.
- the device triggers the distribution of an item whose rack or display has been "pointed" by a customer.
- FIG. 5 makes it possible to present an alternative device comprising an interactive facade.
- This is a lb vending machine of hot or cold beverages.
- the surface of the interactive facade 10 may be smaller in size than those of the facade of the dispenser described above.
- the interaction zone delimited by the interactive frontage 10 of the dispenser 1b can be customized, for example with stickers.
- Zones L1 to L16 may be predefined. Each can be dedicated to a product indication (instant coffee, coffee beans, etc.) or preparation (adding milk, sugar, etc.).
- the interactive facade captures an image and the device 1b determines the position of the customer's finger.
- the recovery space 5 makes it possible to dispense the beverage thus prepared, after payment via the coin mechanism 3 associated with the receptacle 4 for the surplus of money.
- a light source 2 is provided to illuminate the interaction zone.
- FIG. 6 presents a device of the "interactive showcase” type whose purpose is to deliver information: geographical positioning, plan of subway, jukebox etc.
- the device may comprise means for making a payment (coin mechanism 3 and coin receptacle 4).
- It also includes an interactive facade, generally large, which can cover a full flat screen 7 on which information is displayed.
- the active face 7a of the screen 7 (as opposed to its rear face 7b) faces the translucent wall of the interactive facade 10.
- a light source 2 diffuses light on the frame of the facade to backlight and thus highlight the latter.
- a user can point to an area of said facade and control the display of information on the screen 7.
- the device can still, or alternatively, collect a product, such as a digital medium for example, via a distribution receptacle. 5.
- a product such as a digital medium for example
- the device is a food distributor in the same way as the device la.
- the products are not directly visible on their display.
- Visual information photo (s), video (s), composition, etc.
- advertising is presented to potential buyers.
- the device considered it can be implanted in an environment where the brightness can be variable or extreme under normal and average conditions for which the manufacturer and / or the operator of said device has / have based the parameterization .
- the invention aims to design or adapt devices comprising an interactive facade to eliminate the disadvantages related in particular to the environment. In the case of a device designed according to the invention, it also reduces manufacturing costs (suppression of light sources). on the facade, use of sensitive sensors in the visible, etc. ).
- FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a device according to the invention.
- Such a device - which may be similar to the devices 1a, 1b or the previously described - has an interactive facade of which a matrix image sensor 12 is shown.
- This sensor delivers one or more images relating to a region of interest (part of the frame surrounding the wall of the facade).
- the device further comprises a light source 2.
- the latter is used, as for devices 1a, 1b or 1c, to illuminate the contents of the device and / or the interaction zone.
- the invention provides that part of the light delivered by said source 2 is used to detect a pointer.
- the interactive facade as illustrated in FIG.
- a device further comprises means 33 for regulating the power of the light source.
- Said means 33 may consist of a processing unit 30, responsible for detecting a pointer and for triggering an action, as described with reference to FIG. adapted to further regulate the light output.
- the device further comprises means 31 for analyzing a two-dimensional image delivered by the sensor 12.
- This image may be similar to the images 15a and 15b presented in connection with FIG. 2.
- the means 31 may analyze the entirety of an image or a portion Ai thereof.
- FIG. 2 illustrates several examples of portions A1 to A6.
- the analysis performed by said means 31 may consist of translating all or part of an image in the form of a histogram in gray level. Gray is known for its sensitivity to changes in ambient light conditions. It is therefore a particularly relevant choice for implementing the invention. However, this one would not be limited by the choice of this hue.
- FIG. 7a illustrates an example of translation in the form of a histogram 16 of a captured image.
- a histogram can be defined as a discrete function that associates with each intensity value, a number p of pixels taking said value.
- intensity values can be grouped into a single class to better understand a distribution of the intensities of an image.
- FIG. 7a shows a histogram for which 256 intensity values are represented on an abscissa axis. On the ordinate, the number p of pixels per intensity value appears.
- FIG. 7a shows a histogram for which 256 intensity values are represented on an abscissa axis. On the ordinate, the number p of pixels per intensity value appears.
- the invention provides according to a first mode of realization of calculating the sampling mean ⁇ (Mean Sample Value - MSV according to English terminology). This value makes it possible to estimate the capacity, for a given exposure of a sensor 12, to be able to detect a pointer near the wall of the interactive facade.
- the invention provides that such an average is not calculated directly on an image 15a or 15b as described in Figure 2.
- the invention provides to translate in the form of a histogram each portion A k (Al to A6, for example, in connection with Figure 2).
- the means 31 then calculate for each image portion A k , then an average MSV ⁇ 1 ⁇
- ⁇ may thus vary between 1 to 5.
- close to 5 represents an overexposed image for which the sensor 12 is saturated (FIG. 7d); close to 1 represents an underexposed (or even totally dark) image ( Figure 7b).
- Figures 7b, 7c and 7b respectively illustrate the translation in the form of a gray scale histogram of an underexposed, normal or overexposed image.
- the exposure of the sensor is set to a mean value.
- a device according to the invention comprising means 30, 31 and 32 able to regulate the power of the light source 2 can therefore estimate the ability to detect a pointer, for example using the calculation of the MSV sampling mean .
- the invention would not be limited to this single example of calculation. Any other method, allowing such an estimate, is within the scope of the present invention.
- the means 31 may control means 33 for regulating the power of the light source of the device - intended to illuminate the contents of this device. last - to respectively increase or decreasing said power according to whether the calculated value ⁇ becomes close to or ⁇ ⁇ .
- a second objective of the invention consists in exploiting a captured image, from the interactive facade, for detection purposes in order to estimate a lighting level of the content of the device and thus be able to regulate said light source in order to optimize the visibility of the articles and / or information available through the interactive facade.
- This objective remains compatible and complementary to maintaining the ability to detect (or to distinguish a pointer from the frame).
- the invention thus provides for estimating the light intensity delivered by the light source of the device from image (s) delivered (s) by an image sensor of an interactive facade.
- the processing unit 30 of a device can calculate 31 an absolute central moment ⁇ of a gray level histogram, such as the histogram 16 presented in FIG. .
- the means 31 can calculate the average of the histogram, t
- the invention provides that such an absolute central moment is not calculated directly on an image 15a or 15b - as described in FIG. 2.
- the invention provides for the translation into the form of a histogram each portion A k (Al to A6, for example, in connection with Figure 2). The means 31 then calculate for each portion k
- ⁇ can vary from 0 to ⁇ 5 max .
- ⁇ close to 0 represents a captured region that is totally underexposed or completely dark.
- ⁇ close to ⁇ 5 max represents a totally overexposed captured region, for which the sensor having delivered the image must be totally saturated.
- the absolute central moment of a histogram resulting from a captured image is thus representative of the lighting of the distributor highlighting its content.
- the invention provides a calibration step during which such a device is positioned under average ambient light conditions, for which - and for an exposure of a given sensor, an interval of values [ ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5 e ].
- ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 and ⁇ e respectively denote the absolute central moment within or beyond which the content of the device is no longer easily and agreeably distinguished.
- it is possible to define an optimum value ⁇ ⁇ such that ⁇ ⁇ e , for which the illumination delivered by the light source of the device added to the illumination ambient allows a perfect visibility of the content through the interactive facade.
- the exposure of the sensor is initialized to an average value.
- the invention provides that it is possible to regulate the exposure of a sensor.
- means 32 are provided for modifying this parameter.
- the calibration step therefore consists in determining, for an exposure value Ei, the values ° op or even FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary result obtained at the end of a calibration step.
- FIG. 8 presents the values of ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ for an exposure Ei between a minimum value Ei and a maximum value E m .
- Three curves are thus described by said FIG. 8. It may therefore be noted that, for a given exposure value Ei, the content is sufficiently illuminated as long as the value ⁇ 1 remains between the value ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 and ⁇ e '.
- the means 31 of the device can estimate that the lighting conditions, in particular due to a fluctuating ambient brightness, become less than the optimal lighting conditions associated with the value o o l pt if ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 5 z ⁇ (5 ⁇ .
- said means 31 may judge that said lighting conditions become more intense as the optimal lighting conditions if ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 1. the invention thus provides that means 31, via the means 33, can regulate the power of the light source according to the estimate of the variation of ambient brightness.
- a device can automatically:
- the means 31 may further automatically regulate the exposure of a sensor of the interactive facade. For this, they exploit the estimation of the ability to detect a pointer, defined for example by the value ⁇ .
- a device can thus automatically increase or decrease the exposure Ei of the sensor if the sampling mean ⁇ 1 is not within the predetermined interval.
- the means 31 can exploit the value of the calculated absolute central moment ⁇ 1 . If the latter is less than the predetermined value ⁇ ⁇ , it is a sign of a drop in ambient brightness. On the other hand, if said calculated absolute central moment ⁇ 1 is greater than the predetermined value ⁇ ⁇ , this shows an increase in ambient luminosity. It therefore seems appropriate to increase the exposure of the sensor in the first case and reduce it in the second.
- the invention thus makes it possible to control the power of the light source or even the exposure of a sensor to ambient light conditions. Thanks to the invention, the capabilities of a device to detect a pointer and to allow the separate observation of a content through an interactive facade are maximized.
- the invention provides that the values - such as ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4,
- ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ' ⁇ opt f4> or obtained during the calibration of an interactive device can be stored by storage means coupled to the means 31 so that the latter can exploit said values to regulate the power of the light source or even the exposure of a sensor to ambient light conditions.
- the invention provides that alert means 35 may be activated by means 31 for regulating the light source.
- said activation can be controlled if ⁇ reaches the values and / or ⁇ ⁇ , synonymous with a loss of ability to properly detect a pointer.
- the activation can be alternatively controlled, if ⁇ reaches the values ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 and / or ⁇ ⁇ , synonymous with a lighting of the inappropriate content.
- the invention also relates to a device comprising an interactive facade comprising a plurality of sensors.
- the power of the light source of the device is regulated on the basis of images delivered by a single sensor. This one usually has a central field of vision with regard to the facade.
- the exposure of all the sensors can be enslaved on the basis of said images delivered by said selected sensor.
- the exposure of said sensors can be regulated independently of each other.
- FIG. 10 makes it possible to describe various embodiments of a method for regulating a light source of a device according to the invention. Such a method is implemented by the processing unit of said device.
- Such a method starts at 100. It comprises a first step 101 of analyzing an image delivered by an image sensor of the interactive facade. This results, for example, in translating said image into a gray-scale histogram. A step 102 is then followed to estimate the light intensity delivered by the light source - or the ability to provide a pleasant and distinct observation of the content. This step may consist in calculating an absolute central moment ⁇ of said histogram.
- a method according to the invention thus comprises a step for:
- the invention provides that one can increase said power as, at 104, a maximum value P max of the power is not reached. Conversely, it can be expected that one can reduce said power as, in 106, a minimum value P m i n of the power is not reached.
- the power of the light source is kept constant, if the ambient light conditions are close to the brightness conditions used to calibrate (for a given sensor exposure value) the device.
- such a method for regulating the power of the light source of a device according to the invention makes it possible to regulate the exposure parameter Ei of the sensor (s) of the interactive facade.
- such a method comprises a step 201 for estimating an ability to detect a pointer.
- This step may consist in calculating a sampling mean ⁇ of a histogram resulting from an image delivered by a sensor of the interactive facade.
- the method comprises a step for:
- the exposure of the sensor is increased if the ambient light conditions are estimated to decrease with respect to the nominal conditions (for example, if the calculated absolute central moment ⁇ is less than the predetermined value ⁇ ⁇ ). Said exposure is, however, decreased if the ambient light conditions are estimated to be more intense with respect to the nominal conditions (for example, if said calculated absolute central moment ⁇ is greater than the predetermined value ⁇ ⁇ ). Any other embodiment to enslave the power of the light source or even the exposure of the sensors could be considered to design a device according to the invention. All that is needed is for the regulation to be based on estimates based on images captured using the interactive facade.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
- Image Input (AREA)
- Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1052143A FR2958010B1 (fr) | 2010-03-25 | 2010-03-25 | Dispositif interactif adaptable aux conditions de luminosite ambiante |
PCT/FR2011/050504 WO2011117505A2 (fr) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-14 | Dispositif interactif adaptable aux conditions de luminosite ambiante |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2550583A2 true EP2550583A2 (fr) | 2013-01-30 |
Family
ID=43016691
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11712998A Withdrawn EP2550583A2 (fr) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-14 | Dispositif interactif adaptable aux conditions de luminosite ambiante |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2550583A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2958010B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011117505A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI526888B (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2016-03-21 | 友達光電股份有限公司 | 自動販賣機及其操作系統與操作方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5483261A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1996-01-09 | Itu Research, Inc. | Graphical input controller and method with rear screen image detection |
CN100468303C (zh) * | 2003-02-14 | 2009-03-11 | 奈克斯特控股公司 | 触摸屏及光学探测物体相对于触摸屏是否存在的方法 |
US7787706B2 (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2010-08-31 | Microsoft Corporation | Method for controlling an intensity of an infrared source used to detect objects adjacent to an interactive display surface |
WO2006027423A1 (fr) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-03-16 | Simag Developpement | Dispositif de saisie comportant un capteur optique suivi d’un moyen de filtrage |
-
2010
- 2010-03-25 FR FR1052143A patent/FR2958010B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-03-14 WO PCT/FR2011/050504 patent/WO2011117505A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-03-14 EP EP11712998A patent/EP2550583A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2958010A1 (fr) | 2011-09-30 |
WO2011117505A3 (fr) | 2012-12-20 |
WO2011117505A2 (fr) | 2011-09-29 |
FR2958010B1 (fr) | 2017-11-10 |
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