EP2547425A1 - Selective gas filter - Google Patents

Selective gas filter

Info

Publication number
EP2547425A1
EP2547425A1 EP11709119A EP11709119A EP2547425A1 EP 2547425 A1 EP2547425 A1 EP 2547425A1 EP 11709119 A EP11709119 A EP 11709119A EP 11709119 A EP11709119 A EP 11709119A EP 2547425 A1 EP2547425 A1 EP 2547425A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter according
reservoirs
walls
selective
tanks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP11709119A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre De Coninck
Christophe Brenneis
Guillaume Ranc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP2547425A1 publication Critical patent/EP2547425A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/24—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by centrifugal force
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B23/00—Noble gases; Compounds thereof
    • C01B23/001—Purification or separation processes of noble gases
    • C01B23/0036—Physical processing only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/02—Treating gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/11—Noble gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
    • C01B2210/0029—Obtaining noble gases
    • C01B2210/0039—Radon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
    • C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
    • C01B2210/0053—Hydrogen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas selective filter, designed in particular for separating very different molecular weight gases in a low velocity stream. It also relates to an application of this filter to radon confinement by separating it from a lighter gas such as hydrogen, the evacuation of which is sought on the contrary.
  • the field that is at the origin of the invention is the filtration of gaseous mixtures from nuclear waste drums, which produce hydrogen and radon, the latter being radioactive and therefore dangerous; but its short life span (period of about 4 days) does not require that it is permanently fixed, but only that it is retained in the filter for a limited time until its disappearance. Complete evacuation of hydrogen outward, where it disperses, is sought on the contrary because of its flammable nature.
  • the invention relates instead to a filter provided with a very good selectivity, capable of retaining about 100% of radon and only 2% of hydrogen when it is traveled at low speed and low flow rate by a gaseous mixture containing these constituents, thanks to to a particular form.
  • EP-A-9 089 479 discloses a gas filter which is rather a gas separator according to their atomic weights. The separation is done by deflectors in which the gases are projected at high speed and that only the light components can follow, while the heavy components are driven by their inertia towards other branches of exit of the filter. A pump is needed to communicate the required speed to the mixture.
  • the invention is used on the contrary in conditions quasi-static for small influxes of gaseous mixtures and operates without separating the components or exploiting forces of inertia of the current, but by slowing the progression of heavy components by obstacles and by exploiting the inertia of some of these components so that they never leave the filter.
  • DE-A-196 50 266 discloses a radon filter wherein a reservoir contains plates arranged in a baffle, which stop the radon, but which are actually particle absorption plates on which the radon is supposed to be fixed. It does not teach to separate two free gases in a mixture.
  • the filter of the invention is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of tanks arranged in series and interconnected by conduits. It was found that the large section ratios between the tanks and the intermediate pipes allowed them to sufficiently slow down the heavy constituents of the mixtures, whereas the light constituents had no difficulty in following the section variations. of the filter, bypassing the obstacles and crossing it completely.
  • the tanks can thus be occupied by successive quibbles imposing a tortuous path; the baffles are advantageously walls occupying successive sections of the reservoirs between an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice, except slots arranged alternately on two opposite lateral sides of the reservoirs, and the walls are inclined towards the inlet orifice. direction of the slits.
  • the filter comprises an inlet in a first reservoir consisting of a battery of conduits each having a length at least thirty times greater than an inner diameter; while the ducts interconnecting the reservoirs are advantageously single tubes having an internal diameter at least ten times greater than that of the ducts of the battery.
  • the reservoirs each to have an inlet duct and an outlet duct opening on portions of inlet and outlet walls of the tank which are opposed with respect to a center line of the reservoir extending from one to the other of said walls.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 Two embodiments of the invention will now be fully described by means of FIGS. 1 and 2. These embodiments are not limiting of invention, and serve only to illustrate its most important aspects.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment. It comprises three cisterns 1, 2 and 3 cylindrical or parallelepiped connected in series by ducts 4 and 5, and further comprising a battery 6 of inlet ducts 7 thinner than the previous and an outlet duct 8. All these elements are arranged in succession so that a gaseous flow passing through the filter passes first through the conduits 7 of the battery 6, then through the reservoir 1, the conduit 4, the reservoir 2, the conduit 5, the reservoir 3 and the outlet duct 8. No gas separation being made by a flow bifurcation, the outlet duct 8 is unique and the inside of the filter forms a single flow path.
  • the conduits generally open into the tanks 1, 2 and 3 by opposite and extreme faces (or close to these faces, which is true for the battery 6) so that the gas flow travels along their length.
  • the inlet and outlet orifices of the ducts in each of the tanks 1, 2 and 3 are staggered or staggered, that is to say that they open on portions of this wall which are opposed to each other. with respect to longitudinal median axes of the reservoirs (in dotted lines in the figure). It has been found that this arrangement considerably favors the selectivity of each of the tanks, making it much easier to block the heaviest constituent.
  • the ducts 7 of the battery 6 have diameters of the order of one millimeter and lengths of the order of the decimetre. Their function is still to help selectivity; However, they have the disadvantage of also blocking somewhat the light components of the mixture, and that is why their use is not generalized in the filter and the other conduits, which connect the tanks and the outlet duct, are single tubes whose diameter is large compared to that of the ducts 7, of the order of ten times more or more.
  • the battery 6 can also be omitted in many cases with acceptable results, but optimal results have often been obtained by using it with a certain parsimony, and that is why it is proposed only at the input of the filter in this production.
  • the number of tanks could be changed. It appeared that a plurality of tanks was probably essential to obtain good results. Satisfactory selectivity is often obtained with three reservoirs. A higher number of reservoirs could further improve selectivity, but the filter would be more complicated. Their volume can be of a few liters.
  • baffles 9 inside the tanks 2 and 3. These are plates which obstruct successive sections except slots 10 at one edge.
  • the slots 10 are arranged alternately on opposite sides 11 and 12 of the side wall of each of the tanks 1, 2 and 3.
  • the baffles 9 are inclined towards the inlet port of the tanks towards the slots. It has been found that these Baffles 9 formed pockets strongly promoting the stagnation of heavier constituents of the gas mixture, without almost hinder the diffusion of the lighter components. The stagnation is all the better that the flow is at a low flow rate setting up quasi-static conditions, that is to say where the flow velocity is too small to have a real effect based for example on the forces of water. 'inertia. Some baffles 9 may suffice in each of the reservoirs 1, 2 and 3.
  • the selectivity is generally correlated with variations in the characteristics of the flow inside the filter in the direction and in the cross-section, that is to say at the tortuosity of the flow: it is increased with the number of reservoirs, the length and the smoothness of the intermediate conduits and the presence of batteries corresponding to divisions of these conduits, but the baffles are the most effective means of the establish.
  • the best selectivity will often be obtained with a rather permeable filter as a whole, provided with a moderate number of reservoirs and rather wide pipes, but with a fairly abundant network of baffles 9. If their number is very important, several tens per tank for example, no noticeable progress in selectivity is no longer achieved however.
  • the material of the constituents of the filter is not critical since no effect other than the modification of the characteristics of the flow is sought.
  • FIG. 2 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. It comprises here a single housing 13 and the reservoirs 14 are compartments contiguous to each other, parallel and separated by partitions 15 which are connected baffles 9 unchanged from the previous embodiment except that their numbers, their inclinations and their The distributions here are different from one tank 14 to another, without this changing the operation of the filter.
  • the ducts 4 and 5 connecting the tanks are here replaced by internal ducts 16 bent half-turn through the partitions 15, supported by them at their center and whose ends open into two adjacent tanks 14.
  • This embodiment comprises ten reservoirs 14.
  • the outlet duct 8 is unchanged.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

This filter comprises a plurality of reservoirs (1, 2 and 3) connected in series by connecting ducts (4, 5). The flow of gaseous streams therein is subject to multiple obstacles which have the effect of effectively trapping the constituents with the highest molecular weight without substantially impeding the diffusion of the light constituents. This can be achieved through the use of internal baffles (9) or an array (6) of thinner ducts (7), for example at the entry to the filter. Possible application to the separation of hydrogen and radon produced by nuclear waste.

Description

FILTRE SELECTIF DE GAZ  SELECTIVE GAS FILTER
DESCRIPTION L' invention concerne un filtre sélectif de gaz, conçu notamment pour séparer des gaz de poids moléculaire très différents dans un courant à faible vitesse. Elle concerne aussi une application de ce filtre au confinement du radon en le séparant d'un gaz plus léger tel que l'hydrogène dont on cherche au contraire l'évacuation. DESCRIPTION The invention relates to a gas selective filter, designed in particular for separating very different molecular weight gases in a low velocity stream. It also relates to an application of this filter to radon confinement by separating it from a lighter gas such as hydrogen, the evacuation of which is sought on the contrary.
Les filtres usuels reposent souvent sur l'emploi de milieux poreux (en céramique ou métal, ou liquides, etc.) de corps tels que des charbons actifs qui fixent certains composants de l'écoulement qui les parcourt. Ils ont l'inconvénient de nécessiter régulièrement des entretiens puisqu' ils se colmatent ou se saturent. Ils ne conviennent normalement pas comme filtres sélectifs de mélanges gazeux faute d'un réel pouvoir de discrimination de ses constituants, et ils nécessitent en général l'application d'une surpression importante pour forcer l'écoulement à travers eux.  The usual filters often rely on the use of porous media (ceramic or metal, or liquids, etc.) of bodies such as activated carbons that fix certain components of the flow that runs through them. They have the disadvantage of regularly requiring interviews because they clog or saturate. They are not normally suitable as selective filters for gaseous mixtures because of a real discriminating power of its constituents, and they generally require the application of a high overpressure to force the flow through them.
Le domaine qui est à l'origine de l'invention est la filtration de mélanges gazeux provenant de fûts de déchets nucléaires, qui produisent de l'hydrogène et du radon, ce dernier étant radioactif et donc dangereux ; mais sa durée de vie courte (période de 4 jours environ) n'impose pas qu'on le fixe à titre définitif, mais seulement qu'on le retienne dans le filtre pendant une durée limitée en attendant sa disparition. Une évacuation complète de l'hydrogène vers l'extérieur, où il se disperse, est au contraire recherchée à cause de son caractère inflammable. The field that is at the origin of the invention is the filtration of gaseous mixtures from nuclear waste drums, which produce hydrogen and radon, the latter being radioactive and therefore dangerous; but its short life span (period of about 4 days) does not require that it is permanently fixed, but only that it is retained in the filter for a limited time until its disappearance. Complete evacuation of hydrogen outward, where it disperses, is sought on the contrary because of its flammable nature.
On a donc développé un filtre apte à retenir le radon pendant la durée voulue tout en laissant passer rapidement l'hydrogène en l'empêchant de s'accumuler, même en l'absence d'une surpression notable du côté du filtre où le mélange gazeux est produit. Des tentatives d'améliorer les filtres traditionnels en agissant sur leurs paramètres et ceux de leurs pores n'ont pas donné de résultats pour la sélectivité de filtration de mélanges gazeux puisque de telles modifications n'ont pas d'effets opposés sur les différents constituants des mélanges, même si les caractéristiques globales de rétention peuvent être considérablement modifiées. L'invention concerne au contraire un filtre pourvu d'une très bonne sélectivité, susceptible de retenir environ 100% du radon et seulement 2% d'hydrogène quand il est parcouru à faible vitesse et faible débit par un mélange gazeux contenant ces constituants, grâce à une forme particulière .  So we developed a filter capable of retaining radon for the desired duration while allowing hydrogen to pass quickly preventing it from accumulating, even in the absence of a significant overpressure on the filter side where the gas mixture is produced. Attempts to improve the traditional filters by acting on their parameters and those of their pores have not given results for the filtration selectivity of gaseous mixtures since such modifications have no opposite effects on the various constituents of the gaseous mixtures. mixtures, although the overall retention characteristics can be significantly modified. The invention relates instead to a filter provided with a very good selectivity, capable of retaining about 100% of radon and only 2% of hydrogen when it is traveled at low speed and low flow rate by a gaseous mixture containing these constituents, thanks to to a particular form.
Le document EP-A-9 089 479 décrit un filtre de gaz qui est plutôt un séparateur des gaz d' après leurs poids atomiques. La séparation est faite par des déflecteurs dans lesquels les gaz sont projetés à grande vitesse et que seuls les composants légers peuvent suivre, alors que les composants lourds sont entraînés par leur inertie vers d' autres branches de sorite du filtre. Une pompe est nécessaire pour communiquer la vitesse requise au mélange. L' »invention est utilisée au contraire en conditions quasi statiques pour de faibles afflux de mélanges gazeux et fonctionne sans en séparer les composants ni exploiter des forces d' inertie du courant, mais en ralentissant la progression des composants lourds par des obstacles et en exploitant l'inertie de certains de ces composants pour qu'ils ne sortent jamais du filtre. EP-A-9 089 479 discloses a gas filter which is rather a gas separator according to their atomic weights. The separation is done by deflectors in which the gases are projected at high speed and that only the light components can follow, while the heavy components are driven by their inertia towards other branches of exit of the filter. A pump is needed to communicate the required speed to the mixture. The invention is used on the contrary in conditions quasi-static for small influxes of gaseous mixtures and operates without separating the components or exploiting forces of inertia of the current, but by slowing the progression of heavy components by obstacles and by exploiting the inertia of some of these components so that they never leave the filter.
Le document DE-A-196 50 266 décrit un filtre à radon où un réservoir contient des plaques disposées en chicane, qui arrêtent le radon, mais qui sont en réalité des plaques d'absorption de particules sur lesquelles le radon est supposé fixé. Il n'enseigne donc pas à séparer deux gaz libres dans un mélange.  DE-A-196 50 266 discloses a radon filter wherein a reservoir contains plates arranged in a baffle, which stop the radon, but which are actually particle absorption plates on which the radon is supposed to be fixed. It does not teach to separate two free gases in a mixture.
Sous sa forme la plus générale, le filtre de l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une pluralité de réservoirs disposés en série et reliés entre eux par des conduits. Il a été en effet constaté que les importants rapports de section entre les réservoirs et les tuyaux intermédiaires permettaient à ceux-là de suffisamment ralentir les constituants lourds des mélanges, alors que les constituants légers n'avaient pas de difficulté à suivre les variations de section du filtre, à contourner les obstacles et à le traverser complètement.  In its most general form, the filter of the invention is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of tanks arranged in series and interconnected by conduits. It was found that the large section ratios between the tanks and the intermediate pipes allowed them to sufficiently slow down the heavy constituents of the mixtures, whereas the light constituents had no difficulty in following the section variations. of the filter, bypassing the obstacles and crossing it completely.
La sélectivité (entendue ici comme la propriété d'entraver beaucoup plus fortement l'écoulement d'un constituant lourd du mélange) dépend beaucoup des caractéristiques du filtre, notamment de la forme et de la dimension des réservoirs et des conduits, et de leurs nombres. Certains perfectionnements permettent aussi de l'améliorer fortement. Les réservoirs peuvent ainsi être occupés par des chicanes successives imposant un trajet tortueux ; les chicanes sont avantageusement des parois occupant des sections successives des réservoirs entre un orifice d'entrée et un orifice de sortie, hormis des fentes disposées alternativement à deux côtés latéraux opposés des réservoirs, et les parois sont inclinées vers l'orifice d'entrée en direction des fentes. Selon un autre genre de perfectionnement, le filtre comprend une entrée dans un premier des réservoirs composée d'une batterie de conduits ayant chacun une longueur au moins trente fois supérieure à un diamètre intérieur ; alors que les conduits reliant entre eux les réservoirs sont avantageusement des tubes uniques ayant un diamètre intérieur au moins dix fois supérieur à celui des conduits de la batterie. Enfin, il est avantageux que les réservoirs aient chacun un conduit d'entrée et un conduit de sortie s' ouvrant sur des portions de parois d'entrée et de sortie du réservoir qui sont opposées par rapport à une ligne médiane du réservoir s'étendant de l'une à l'autre desdites parois. Selectivity (understood here as the property of significantly hindering the flow of a heavy component of the mixture) is highly dependent on the characteristics of the filter, including the shape and size of reservoirs and ducts, and their numbers. . Some improvements also make it possible to improve it strongly. The tanks can thus be occupied by successive quibbles imposing a tortuous path; the baffles are advantageously walls occupying successive sections of the reservoirs between an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice, except slots arranged alternately on two opposite lateral sides of the reservoirs, and the walls are inclined towards the inlet orifice. direction of the slits. According to another type of improvement, the filter comprises an inlet in a first reservoir consisting of a battery of conduits each having a length at least thirty times greater than an inner diameter; while the ducts interconnecting the reservoirs are advantageously single tubes having an internal diameter at least ten times greater than that of the ducts of the battery. Finally, it is advantageous for the reservoirs each to have an inlet duct and an outlet duct opening on portions of inlet and outlet walls of the tank which are opposed with respect to a center line of the reservoir extending from one to the other of said walls.
Toutes ces dispositions ont l'effet général d' instaurer des obstacles supplémentaires à l'écoulement du flux gazeux, et ainsi ont la propriété d'entraver plus fortement l'écoulement du constituant le plus lourd sans exercer d'effet important sur le constituant léger, qui se diffuse presque librement à travers le filtre, alors que le constituant lourd devient presque stagnant.  All these provisions have the general effect of introducing additional obstacles to the flow of the gas stream, and thus have the property of hindering more strongly the flow of the heavier constituent without exerting a significant effect on the light component. , which diffuses almost freely through the filter, while the heavy constituent becomes almost stagnant.
Deux réalisations de l'invention seront maintenant complètement décrites au moyen des figures 1 et 2. Ces réalisations ne sont pas limitatives de l'invention, et servent seulement à illustrer ses aspects les plus importants. Two embodiments of the invention will now be fully described by means of FIGS. 1 and 2. These embodiments are not limiting of invention, and serve only to illustrate its most important aspects.
La figure 1 représente une première réalisation. Elle comprend trois réservoirs 1, 2 et 3 cylindriques ou parallépipédiques reliés entre eux en série par des conduits 4 et 5, et comprenant encore une batterie 6 de conduits d'entrée 7 plus fins que les précédents et un conduit de sortie 8. Tous ces éléments sont disposés en succession de façon qu'un flux gazeux parcourant le filtre passe d'abord par les conduits 7 de la batterie 6, puis par le réservoir 1, le conduit 4, le réservoir 2, le conduit 5, le réservoir 3 et le conduit de sortie 8. Aucune séparation des gaz n'étant faite par une bifurcation d'écoulement, le conduit de sortie 8 est unique et l'intérieur du filtre forme un chemin d'écoulement unique. Les conduits débouchent en général dans les réservoirs 1, 2 et 3 par des faces extrêmes et opposées (ou près de ces faces, ce qui est vrai pour la batterie 6) de sorte que le flux gazeux les parcourt dans leur longueur. De plus, les orifices d'entrée et de sortie des conduits dans chacun des réservoirs 1, 2 et 3 sont décalés ou en quinconce, c'est-à-dire qu'ils débouchent sur des portions de cette paroi qui sont opposées vis-à-vis d'axes médians longitudinaux des réservoirs (en pointillés sur la figure) . Il a été constaté que cette disposition favorisait considérablement la sélectivité de chacun des réservoirs, en rendant beaucoup plus facile le blocage du constituant le plus lourd.  Figure 1 shows a first embodiment. It comprises three cisterns 1, 2 and 3 cylindrical or parallelepiped connected in series by ducts 4 and 5, and further comprising a battery 6 of inlet ducts 7 thinner than the previous and an outlet duct 8. All these elements are arranged in succession so that a gaseous flow passing through the filter passes first through the conduits 7 of the battery 6, then through the reservoir 1, the conduit 4, the reservoir 2, the conduit 5, the reservoir 3 and the outlet duct 8. No gas separation being made by a flow bifurcation, the outlet duct 8 is unique and the inside of the filter forms a single flow path. The conduits generally open into the tanks 1, 2 and 3 by opposite and extreme faces (or close to these faces, which is true for the battery 6) so that the gas flow travels along their length. In addition, the inlet and outlet orifices of the ducts in each of the tanks 1, 2 and 3 are staggered or staggered, that is to say that they open on portions of this wall which are opposed to each other. with respect to longitudinal median axes of the reservoirs (in dotted lines in the figure). It has been found that this arrangement considerably favors the selectivity of each of the tanks, making it much easier to block the heaviest constituent.
Les conduits 7 de la batterie 6 ont des diamètres de l'ordre du millimètre et des longueurs de l'ordre du décimètre. Leur fonction est encore d'aider à la sélectivité ; ils présentent toutefois l'inconvénient de bloquer aussi quelque peu les constituants légers du mélange, et c'est pourquoi leur emploi n'est pas généralisé dans le filtre et que les autres conduits, qui relient les réservoirs et le conduit de sortie, sont des tubes uniques dont le diamètre est grand par rapport à celui des conduits 7, de l'ordre de dix fois plus ou davantage. La batterie 6 peut aussi être omise dans bien des cas avec des résultats acceptables, mais des résultats optimaux ont souvent été obtenus en l'utilisant avec une certaine parcimonie, et c'est pourquoi on la propose seulement à l'entrée du filtre dans cette réalisation. The ducts 7 of the battery 6 have diameters of the order of one millimeter and lengths of the order of the decimetre. Their function is still to help selectivity; However, they have the disadvantage of also blocking somewhat the light components of the mixture, and that is why their use is not generalized in the filter and the other conduits, which connect the tanks and the outlet duct, are single tubes whose diameter is large compared to that of the ducts 7, of the order of ten times more or more. The battery 6 can also be omitted in many cases with acceptable results, but optimal results have often been obtained by using it with a certain parsimony, and that is why it is proposed only at the input of the filter in this production.
Le nombre des réservoirs pourrait être modifié. Il est apparu qu'une pluralité des réservoirs était probablement indispensable pour obtenir de bons résultats. Une sélectivité satisfaisante est souvent obtenue avec trois réservoirs. Un nombre supérieur de réservoirs pourrait améliorer encore la sélectivité, mais le filtre serait alors plus compliqué. Leur volume peut être de quelques litres.  The number of tanks could be changed. It appeared that a plurality of tanks was probably essential to obtain good results. Satisfactory selectivity is often obtained with three reservoirs. A higher number of reservoirs could further improve selectivity, but the filter would be more complicated. Their volume can be of a few liters.
Une disposition importante concerne des chicanes 9 à l'intérieur des réservoirs 2 et 3. Il s'agit de plaques qui en obstruent des sections successives à l'exception de fentes 10 à un bord. Les fentes 10 sont disposées alternativement à des côtés 11 et 12 opposés de la paroi latérale de chacun des réservoirs 1, 2 et 3. Enfin, les chicanes 9 sont inclinées vers l'orifice d'entrée des réservoirs en direction des fentes. Il a été constaté que ces chicanes 9 formaient des poches favorisant fortement la stagnation des constituants les plus lourds du mélange gazeux, sans presque gêner la diffusion des constituants les plus légers. La stagnation est d'autant meilleure que l'écoulement est à un faible débit instaurant des conditions quasi statiques, c'est- à-dire où la vitesse d'écoulement est trop petite pour avoir un effet réel fondé par exemple sur les forces d'inertie. Quelques chicanes 9 peuvent suffire dans chacun des réservoirs 1, 2 et 3. La sélectivité est en général corrélée aux variations de caractéristiques de l'écoulement à l'intérieur du filtre en direction et en section de passage, c'est-à-dire à la tortuosité de l'écoulement : elle est accrue avec le nombre de réservoirs, la longueur et la finesse des conduites intermédiaires et la présence de batteries correspondant à des divisions de ces conduits, mais les chicanes sont le moyen le plus efficace de l'instaurer. La meilleure sélectivité sera souvent obtenue avec un filtre assez perméable dans l'ensemble, pourvu d'un nombre modéré de réservoirs et de conduites plutôt larges, mais d'un réseau assez abondant des chicanes 9. Si leur nombre est très important, de plusieurs dizaines par réservoir par exemple, aucun progrès notable de la sélectivité n'est plus obtenu toutefois. An important provision concerns baffles 9 inside the tanks 2 and 3. These are plates which obstruct successive sections except slots 10 at one edge. The slots 10 are arranged alternately on opposite sides 11 and 12 of the side wall of each of the tanks 1, 2 and 3. Finally, the baffles 9 are inclined towards the inlet port of the tanks towards the slots. It has been found that these Baffles 9 formed pockets strongly promoting the stagnation of heavier constituents of the gas mixture, without almost hinder the diffusion of the lighter components. The stagnation is all the better that the flow is at a low flow rate setting up quasi-static conditions, that is to say where the flow velocity is too small to have a real effect based for example on the forces of water. 'inertia. Some baffles 9 may suffice in each of the reservoirs 1, 2 and 3. The selectivity is generally correlated with variations in the characteristics of the flow inside the filter in the direction and in the cross-section, that is to say at the tortuosity of the flow: it is increased with the number of reservoirs, the length and the smoothness of the intermediate conduits and the presence of batteries corresponding to divisions of these conduits, but the baffles are the most effective means of the establish. The best selectivity will often be obtained with a rather permeable filter as a whole, provided with a moderate number of reservoirs and rather wide pipes, but with a fairly abundant network of baffles 9. If their number is very important, several tens per tank for example, no noticeable progress in selectivity is no longer achieved however.
La matière des constituants du filtre n'est pas critique puisque aucun effet autre que la modification des caractéristiques de l'écoulement n'est recherché .  The material of the constituents of the filter is not critical since no effect other than the modification of the characteristics of the flow is sought.
Un autre mode de réalisation est représenté à la figure 2. Il comprend ici un boîtier 13 unique en forme de caisse, et les réservoirs 14 sont des compartiments accolés les uns aux autres, parallèles et séparés par des cloisons 15 auxquelles se branchent les chicanes 9 inchangées par rapport à la réalisation précédente si ce n'est que leurs nombres, leurs inclinaisons et leurs répartitions sont ici différents d'un réservoir 14 à un autre, sans que cela change le fonctionnement du filtre. On retrouve la batterie 6 de conduits 7 à l'entrée. Les conduits 4 et 5 de liaison entre réservoirs sont ici remplacés par des conduits 16 internes coudés à demi-tour traversant les cloisons 15, soutenus par elles à leur centre et dont les extrémités s'ouvrent dans deux réservoirs 14 adjacents. Comme ces extrémités sont dirigées vers la paroi la plus proche du boîtier 13, à laquelle elles sont adjacentes avec un jeu, le flux gazeux change de sens d'écoulement en passant d'un réservoir 14 à un conduit 16 et réciproquement, ce qui rend son trajet encore plus tortueux et favorise donc aussi la sélectivité. Cette réalisation comporte dix réservoirs 14. Le conduit de sortie 8 est inchangé. Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. It comprises here a single housing 13 and the reservoirs 14 are compartments contiguous to each other, parallel and separated by partitions 15 which are connected baffles 9 unchanged from the previous embodiment except that their numbers, their inclinations and their The distributions here are different from one tank 14 to another, without this changing the operation of the filter. We find the battery 6 of conduits 7 at the entrance. The ducts 4 and 5 connecting the tanks are here replaced by internal ducts 16 bent half-turn through the partitions 15, supported by them at their center and whose ends open into two adjacent tanks 14. As these ends are directed towards the wall closest to the housing 13, to which they are adjacent with a clearance, the gas flow changes direction of flow from a tank 14 to a pipe 16 and vice versa, which makes its course is even more tortuous and therefore also favors selectivity. This embodiment comprises ten reservoirs 14. The outlet duct 8 is unchanged.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Filtre sélectif de gaz où un constituant lourd d'un mélange des gaz a un écoulement entravé plus fortement qu'un constituant léger de manière à ralentir et retenir plus le constituant lourd, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une pluralité de réservoirs (1, 2, 3, 14) disposés en série et reliés entre eux par des conduits (4, 5, 16) . A selective gas filter in which a heavy constituent of a mixture of gases has a flow impeded more strongly than a light constituent so as to slow down and retain the heaviest constituent, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of reservoirs ( 1, 2, 3, 14) arranged in series and interconnected by conduits (4, 5, 16).
2. Filtre sélectif de gaz suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les réservoirs sont occupés par des chicanes (9) successives imposant un trajet tortueux. 2. selective gas filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the tanks are occupied by successive baffles (9) imposing a tortuous path.
3. Filtre sélectif de gaz suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une entrée dans un premier des réservoirs composée d'une batterie (6) de conduits (7) ayant chacun une longueur au moins trente fois supérieure à un diamètre intérieur . 3. selective gas filter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises an inlet in a first of the reservoirs composed of a battery (6) of conduits (7) each having a length at least thirty times greater than an inside diameter.
4. Filtre sélectif de gaz suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les réservoirs ont chacun un conduit d'entrée et un conduit de sortie s' ouvrant sur des portions de parois d'entrée et de sortie du réservoir qui sont opposées par rapport à une ligne médiane du réservoir s' étendant de l'une à l'autre desdites parois. 4. Selective gas filter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tanks each have an inlet duct and an outlet duct opening on portions of the inlet and outlet walls of the reservoir which are opposed to a median line of the reservoir extending from one to the other of said walls.
5. Filtre sélectif de gaz suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les chicanes sont des parois occupant des sections successives des réservoirs entre un orifice d'entrée et un orifice de sortie, hormis des fentes (10) disposées alternativement à deux côtés latéraux (11, 12) opposés des réservoirs, et les parois sont inclinées vers l'orifice d'entrée et les fentes. Selective gas filter according to Claim 2, characterized in that the baffles are walls occupying successive sections of the reservoirs between an inlet and an outlet, except slots (10) alternately arranged on two opposite lateral sides (11, 12) of the reservoirs, and the walls are inclined towards the inlet port and slots.
6. Filtre sélectif suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les conduits (4, 5, 16) reliant entre eux les réservoirs sont des tubes uniques ayant un diamètre intérieur au moins dix fois supérieur à celui des conduits de la batterie. 6. Selective filter according to claim 3, characterized in that the ducts (4, 5, 16) interconnecting the reservoirs are single tubes having an internal diameter at least ten times greater than that of the ducts of the battery.
7. Filtre sélectif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les réservoirs (14) sont des compartiments accolés les uns aux autres dans un boîtier (13), séparés par des cloisons (15) . 7. selective filter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tanks (14) are compartments contiguous to each other in a housing (13), separated by partitions (15).
8. Filtre sélectif suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les conduits (16) reliant entre eux les réservoirs traversent les cloisons par une partie centrale, sont coudés à demi- tour et ont des extrémités dirigées vers des parois du boîtier (13) et adjacentes avec des jeux à ces parois. 8. selective filter according to claim 7, characterized in that the ducts (16) interconnecting the tanks pass through the partitions by a central portion, are bent in half turn and have ends directed towards walls of the housing (13). and adjacent with games at these walls.
9. Application du filtre conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes à la séparation du radon et d'un autre gaz de poids moléculaire plus faible. 9. Application of the filter according to any one of the preceding claims to the separation of radon and another gas of lower molecular weight.
EP11709119A 2010-03-19 2011-03-17 Selective gas filter Ceased EP2547425A1 (en)

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FR1052004A FR2957527B1 (en) 2010-03-19 2010-03-19 SELECTIVE GAS FILTER
PCT/EP2011/054064 WO2011113901A1 (en) 2010-03-19 2011-03-17 Selective gas filter

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US20130025244A1 (en) 2013-01-31
WO2011113901A1 (en) 2011-09-22
FR2957527B1 (en) 2014-10-10
CN102821832B (en) 2015-12-09
JP2013525086A (en) 2013-06-20
CN102821832A (en) 2012-12-12
US8663353B2 (en) 2014-03-04

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