EP2542771B1 - Piston for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Piston for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2542771B1
EP2542771B1 EP11720285.3A EP11720285A EP2542771B1 EP 2542771 B1 EP2542771 B1 EP 2542771B1 EP 11720285 A EP11720285 A EP 11720285A EP 2542771 B1 EP2542771 B1 EP 2542771B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
closure element
closure
crown
held
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP11720285.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2542771A2 (en
Inventor
Detlef Jacobi
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Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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Publication of EP2542771A2 publication Critical patent/EP2542771A2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/18—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine having a piston crown, a circumferential ring, a circumferential in the region of the ring cooling channel, below the piston crown tailed hub supports and associated piston bosses and a piston skirt, wherein below the piston crown a cavity closed on all sides with a is provided in the direction of the piston shaft arranged closure element.
  • oil drops from the crankcase come into contact with the hot underside of the piston crown.
  • the lubricating oil evaporates, wherein the evaporated lubricating oil particles are the smaller, the hotter the underside of the piston crown.
  • the lubricating oil ages to coking and to the formation of a layer of carbon on the bottom of the piston crown. This process also causes the oil change intervals to be shortened in proportion to the aging of the lubricating oil.
  • the U.S. Pat. No. 2,214,891A discloses a generic piston having below the piston head a cavity closed on all sides with a arranged in the direction of the piston shaft closure element.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a piston in which the lubricating oil aging is at least delayed and the separation efficiency of the lubricating oil particles in the oil mist separator is improved.
  • closure element as a double-walled closure body, which includes a chamber.
  • the principle underlying the present invention is to reduce the surface temperature of the piston components, with which coming from the crankcase lubricating oil comes into contact.
  • a cavity closed on all sides is provided below the piston crown, the closure element of which is designed as a double-walled closure body which encloses a chamber.
  • the chamber acts as additional thermal insulation against the underside of the piston crown.
  • the double-walled closure body may itself be formed in one piece or in two parts. This means, in particular, that no cooling oil channels are provided between the circulating cooling channel and the cavity, and the cooling of the piston according to the invention by means of supplied and discharged cooling oil takes place exclusively via the circulating cooling channel.
  • the inventively provided chamber causes due to the air trapped therein a thermal insulation against the hot underside of the piston crown. For this reason, the closure element has a significantly lower surface temperature than the underside of the piston crown.
  • the lubricating oil coming from the crankcase now has no direct contact with the hot underside of the piston crown, but impinges on the underside of the much cooler closure element.
  • the resulting in this process lubricating oil particles are much larger due to the lower temperatures, so that the deposition rate is significantly improved in ⁇ lnebelabscheider or a complex design of ⁇ lnebelabscheiders is avoided.
  • the aging of the lubricating oil is significantly delayed due to the lower temperatures and the formation of oil carbon is avoided.
  • the present invention is suitable for all types of pistons, i. for one-piece and multi-part pistons as well as for pistons with low overall height.
  • the piston according to the invention is characterized by a high stability, since cooling oil channels, which act destabilizing as points of highest stress concentration, are not provided.
  • the closure element itself further improves the strength of the piston structure by an additional stiffening.
  • the closure element provided according to the invention may be formed integrally with the piston. Preference is given to an integrally formed with the hub connections of the piston closure body. However, the closure element provided according to the invention can also be designed as a separate component. The selection of the closure element depends essentially on the type of piston used, so that wide variations are possible in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the closure wall or the closure body is preferably connected in the region of the hub connections of the piston with this, so that a particularly large cavity closed on all sides, which forms a particularly effective thermal insulation with respect to the underside of the piston crown.
  • closure element in the form of a separate component is expediently held under spring bias in the piston.
  • closure element may be formed as at least partially resilient component.
  • the closure element in the form of a separate component is preferably held in a receiving means provided in the piston and thus fixed particularly secure during engine operation.
  • the closure element in the form of a separate component may be made of any material, wherein a spring steel sheet has been found to be well suited.
  • the piston of the invention may be formed as a one-piece, for example. Cast piston.
  • the piston according to the invention can also be designed as a multi-part piston, for example, be composed of a piston upper part and a piston lower part.
  • the components can be, for example, castings or forgings, and, for example, be made of a steel material, in particular be forged.
  • the connection between the components can be done in any way.
  • a particularly suitable joining method is welding, in particular friction welding.
  • the present invention will be described below with reference to a two-part, consisting of an upper part and a lower part, piston.
  • piston a two-part, consisting of an upper part and a lower part, piston.
  • the invention can also be realized with other piston types, such as, for example, one-piece pistons or pendulum piston.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 show a piston 10 according to the prior art in the form of a box piston.
  • the piston 10 is composed of a piston upper part 11 and a piston lower part 12, which are forged in the embodiment of a steel material.
  • the upper piston part 11 has a piston bottom 13 with a combustion bowl 14 and a circumferential top land 15 and a circumferential ring portion 16.
  • the piston lower part 12 has a piston shaft 17 and piston hubs 18 with hub bores 19 for receiving a piston pin (not shown).
  • the piston hubs 18 are connected via hub supports 21 to the underside 13 'of the piston head 13.
  • the upper piston part 11 has an inner circumferential support element 22 and an outer circumferential support element 23.
  • the inner support member 22 is arranged on the underside of the piston head 13 annularly circumferentially.
  • the outer support member 23 is formed in the embodiment below the ring portion 16.
  • the lower piston part 12 likewise has an inner circumferential support element 24 and an outer circumferential support element 25.
  • the inner support member 24 is arranged circumferentially on the upper side of the piston lower part 12.
  • the outer support member 25 is formed in the embodiment as an extension of the piston skirt 17.
  • the hub supports 21 are formed below the inner support member 25 in the embodiment.
  • the upper piston part 11 and the lower piston part 12 can be joined together in any desired manner, with the corresponding outer or inner support elements of upper piston part 11 and lower piston part 12 being connected to one another.
  • the known friction welding was chosen, which in the Figures 1 and 2 can be seen on the Reibsch spawulsten 26.
  • the upper piston part 11 and the lower piston part 12 form a circumferential cooling channel 27.
  • the annular portion 16 and the outer support element 23 of the piston upper part 11 and the outer support element 25 of the piston lower part 12 delimit the cooling channel 27 to the outside.
  • the inner support member 22 of the piston top 11 and the inner support member 24 of the piston lower part 12 limit the cooling channel 27 to the piston interior.
  • the inner support member 22 of the piston top 11 and the inner support member 24 of the piston lower part 12 further define a cavity 28 which is disposed substantially below the piston crown 13.
  • the cavity 28 is closed on all sides, that is to say that the inner support elements 22, 24 of piston upper part 11 and lower piston part 12 have no openings, such as, for example, cooling oil channels.
  • a closure element 29 is provided in order to close the cavity 28 in the direction of the piston stem 17 and the piston bosses 18.
  • the closure element 29 is an integrally formed with the piston lower part 12 closure wall, which is integrally connected in the region of the hub supports 21 with the piston base 12, so that no lubricating oil from the crankcase or no cooling oil from the cooling channel 27 into the cavity 28th can penetrate.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of a piston 210 according to the invention, which in its construction almost completely the piston 10 according to the Figures 1 and 2 equivalent. Therefore, the reference numerals have been retained for the sake of simplicity, and the description of FIGS Figures 1 and 2 directed.
  • the closure element 229 is formed as a separate component in the form of a double-walled closure body.
  • the closure element 229 is formed in two parts in the embodiment, a one-piece design is of course also conceivable.
  • the two components of the closure element 229 are made in the embodiment of a spring steel sheet, joined together by welding and provided in the direction of the piston head 13 with a slight curvature, whereby a bias voltage is generated.
  • the two components of the closure element 229 enclose an air-filled chamber 232 in the exemplary embodiment, which acts as additional heat insulation.
  • the closure element 229 is also held in the exemplary embodiment in the region of the hub supports 21 in the piston lower part 12 under spring bias.
  • a receiving means 231 in the form of a circumferential depression of approximately 0.5 mm in depth is formed, in which the closure element 229 is received and held.
  • the upper piston part 11 and the lower piston part 12 of the piston 210 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 are connected to one another in the exemplary embodiment by means of friction welding.
  • first the upper piston part 11, the lower piston part 12 and the closure element 229 are produced as separate components.
  • a receiving means 231 in the form of a circumferential depression of about 0.5 mm in depth is formed, for example by machining.
  • the closure element 229 is used in the embodiment in the lower piston part 12 in the region of the hub supports 21 and held there in the receiving means 231 under spring bias.
  • the upper piston part 11 and the lower piston part 12 are connected to each other by friction welding.
  • the resulting Reibsch spawulste 26 serve as additional support of the closure element 229 in the axial direction.
  • the closure element 229 is held liquid-tight in the piston lower part 12, so that the cavity 28 formed below the piston head 13 is closed on all sides, so that no lubricating oil from the crankcase or no cooling oil from the cooling channel 27 can penetrate into the cavity 28.
  • the cavity 28, which is closed on all sides, acts as thermal insulation against the underside 13 'of the piston bottom 13 in the region of the combustion bowl 14 during operation.
  • the lubricating oil coming from the crankcase in engine operation strikes the underside 229' of the closure element 229, which is considerably cooler than the bottom side 13 'of the piston crown 13.
  • lubricating oil particles are much larger due to the lower temperatures, so that the deposition rate is significantly improved in ⁇ lnebelabscheider or a complex design of ⁇ lnebelabscheiders is avoided.
  • the aging of the lubricating oil is significantly delayed due to the lower temperatures and the formation of oil carbon is avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor, der einen Kolbenboden, eine umlaufende Ringpartie, einen im Bereich der Ringpartie umlaufenden Kühlkanal, unterhalb des Kolbenbodens angebundene Nabenabstützungen und damit verbundene Kolbennaben sowie einen Kolbenschaft aufweist, wobei unterhalb des Kolbenbodens ein allseitig geschlossener Hohlraum mit einem in Richtung des Kolbenschafts angeordneten Verschlusselement vorgesehen ist. Beim Betrieb von Verbrennungsmotoren kommen Schmieröltropfen aus dem Kurbelgehäuse mit der heißen Unterseite des Kolbenbodens in Berührung. Dabei verdampft das Schmieröl, wobei die verdampften Schmierölpartikel umso kleiner sind, je heißer die Unterseite des Kolbenbodens ist. Außerdem altert das Schmieröl bis hin zum Verkoken und bis zur Bildung einer Ölkohleschicht auf der Unterseite des Kolbenbodens. Dieser Vorgang bewirkt ferner, dass sich die Ölwechselintervalle proportional zur Alterung des Schmieröls verkürzen.The present invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine having a piston crown, a circumferential ring, a circumferential in the region of the ring cooling channel, below the piston crown tailed hub supports and associated piston bosses and a piston skirt, wherein below the piston crown a cavity closed on all sides with a is provided in the direction of the piston shaft arranged closure element. When operating internal combustion engines, oil drops from the crankcase come into contact with the hot underside of the piston crown. In this case, the lubricating oil evaporates, wherein the evaporated lubricating oil particles are the smaller, the hotter the underside of the piston crown. In addition, the lubricating oil ages to coking and to the formation of a layer of carbon on the bottom of the piston crown. This process also causes the oil change intervals to be shortened in proportion to the aging of the lubricating oil.

Die aus dem Kurbelgehäuse kommenden Schmierölpartikel strömen in an sich bekannter Weise gemeinsam mit der Leckageströmung am Kolben vorbei in das Kurbelgehäuse (so genannte "Blow-By-Gase") in einen Ölnebelabscheider, in dem sie zumindest teilweise abgeschieden werden, so dass das gereinigte Blow-By-Gas wieder der Verbrennungsluft im Motor zugeführt werden kann. Der Abscheidegrad hängt wesentlich von der Größe der Schmierölpartikel. Je kleiner die Partikelgröße, d.h. je heißer die Unterseite des Kolbenbodens ist, desto aufwändiger muss der Ölnebelabscheider ausgelegt sein.The coming out of the crankcase lubricating oil particles flow in a conventional manner together with the leakage flow past the piston in the crankcase (so-called "blow-by gases") in an oil mist separator in which they are at least partially separated, so that the purified blow -By gas can be returned to the combustion air in the engine. The degree of separation depends largely on the size of the lubricating oil particles. The smaller the particle size, i. the hotter the underside of the piston crown, the more complex the oil mist separator must be designed.

Das U.S.-amerikanische Patent US 2 214 891 A offenbart einen gattungsgemäßen Kolben, der unterhalb des Kolbenbodens einen allseitig geschlossenen Hohlraum mit einem in Richtung des Kolbenschafts angeordneten Verschlusselement aufweist.The U.S. Pat. No. 2,214,891A discloses a generic piston having below the piston head a cavity closed on all sides with a arranged in the direction of the piston shaft closure element.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, einen Kolben bereitzustellen, bei dem die Schmierölalterung zumindest verzögert und der Abscheidegrad der Schmierölpartikel im Ölnebelabscheider verbessert ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a piston in which the lubricating oil aging is at least delayed and the separation efficiency of the lubricating oil particles in the oil mist separator is improved.

Die Lösung besteht darin, dass das Verschlusselement als doppelwandiger Verschlusskörper, der eine Kammer einschließt.The solution is that the closure element as a double-walled closure body, which includes a chamber.

Das der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende Prinzip besteht darin, die Oberflächentemperatur der Kolbenbauteile, mit denen das vom Kurbelgehäuse kommende Schmieröl in Berührung kommt, herabzusetzen. Zu diesem Zweck ist erfindungsgemäß unterhalb des Kolbenbodens ein allseitig geschlossener Hohlraum vorgesehen, dessen Verschlusselement als doppelwandiger Verschlusskörper ausgebildet ist, der eine Kammer einschließt. Die Kammer wirkt als zusätzliche Wärmeisolierung gegenüber der Unterseite des Kolbenbodens. Der doppelwandige Verschlusskörper kann selbst einteilig oder zweiteilig ausgebildet sein. Dies bedeutet insbesondere, dass keine Kühlölkanäle zwischen dem umlaufenden Kühlkanal und dem Hohlraum vorgesehen sind und die Kühlung des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens mittels zu- und abgeführtem Kühlöl ausschließlich über den umlaufenden Kühlkanal erfolgt. Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Kammer bewirkt aufgrund der darin eingeschlossenen Luft eine Wärmeisolierung gegenüber der heißen Unterseite des Kolbenbodens. Aus diesem Grund weist das Verschlusselement eine deutlich niedrigere Oberflächentemperatur als die Unterseite des Kolbenbodens auf.The principle underlying the present invention is to reduce the surface temperature of the piston components, with which coming from the crankcase lubricating oil comes into contact. For this purpose, according to the invention, a cavity closed on all sides is provided below the piston crown, the closure element of which is designed as a double-walled closure body which encloses a chamber. The chamber acts as additional thermal insulation against the underside of the piston crown. The double-walled closure body may itself be formed in one piece or in two parts. This means, in particular, that no cooling oil channels are provided between the circulating cooling channel and the cavity, and the cooling of the piston according to the invention by means of supplied and discharged cooling oil takes place exclusively via the circulating cooling channel. The inventively provided chamber causes due to the air trapped therein a thermal insulation against the hot underside of the piston crown. For this reason, the closure element has a significantly lower surface temperature than the underside of the piston crown.

Das aus dem Kurbelgehäuse kommende Schmieröl hat nunmehr keinen direkten Kontakt mit der heißen Unterseite des Kolbenbodens, sondern trifft auf der Unterseite des deutlich kühleren Verschlusselements auf. Die bei diesem Vorgang entstehenden Schmierölpartikel sind aufgrund der niedrigeren Temperaturen wesentlich größer, so dass die Abscheiderate im Ölnebelabscheider wesentlich verbessert wird bzw. eine aufwändige Auslegung des Ölnebelabscheiders vermieden wird. Die Alterung des Schmieröls ist aufgrund der niedrigeren Temperaturen deutlich verzögert, und die Bildung von Ölkohle wird vermieden.The lubricating oil coming from the crankcase now has no direct contact with the hot underside of the piston crown, but impinges on the underside of the much cooler closure element. The resulting in this process lubricating oil particles are much larger due to the lower temperatures, so that the deposition rate is significantly improved in Ölnebelabscheider or a complex design of Ölnebelabscheiders is avoided. The aging of the lubricating oil is significantly delayed due to the lower temperatures and the formation of oil carbon is avoided.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist für alle Kolbentypen geeignet, d.h. für einteilige und mehrteilige Kolben sowie für Kolben mit niedriger Bauhöhe. Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Stabilität aus, da Kühlölkanäle, die als Stellen höchster Spannungskonzentration destabilisierend wirken, nicht vorgesehen sind. Das Verschlusselement selbst verbessert ferner die Festigkeit der Kolbenstruktur durch eine zusätzliche Versteifung.The present invention is suitable for all types of pistons, i. for one-piece and multi-part pistons as well as for pistons with low overall height. The piston according to the invention is characterized by a high stability, since cooling oil channels, which act destabilizing as points of highest stress concentration, are not provided. The closure element itself further improves the strength of the piston structure by an additional stiffening.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims.

Das erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Verschlusselement kann einstückig mit den Kolben ausgebildet sein. Bevorzugt ist eine einstückig mit den Nabenanbindungen des Kolbens ausgebildeter Verschlusskörper. Das erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Verschlusselement kann aber auch als separates Bauteil ausgebildet sein. Die Auswahl des Verschlusselements hängt im Wesentlichen vom verwendeten Kolbentyp ab, so dass breite Variationsmöglichkeiten bei der Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung gegeben sind.The closure element provided according to the invention may be formed integrally with the piston. Preference is given to an integrally formed with the hub connections of the piston closure body. However, the closure element provided according to the invention can also be designed as a separate component. The selection of the closure element depends essentially on the type of piston used, so that wide variations are possible in the embodiment of the present invention.

Die Verschlusswand bzw. der Verschlusskörper ist vorzugsweise im Bereich der Nabenanbindungen des Kolbens mit diesem verbunden, so dass ein besonders großer allseitig geschlossener Hohlraum entsteht, der eine besonders wirksame Wärmeisolierung gegenüber der Unterseite des Kolbenbodens bildet.The closure wall or the closure body is preferably connected in the region of the hub connections of the piston with this, so that a particularly large cavity closed on all sides, which forms a particularly effective thermal insulation with respect to the underside of the piston crown.

Das Verschlusselement in Form eines separaten Bauteils ist zweckmäßigerweise unter federnder Vorspannung im Kolben gehalten. Insbesondere in diesem Fall kann das Verschlusselement als zumindest teilweise federelastisches Bauteil ausgebildet sein.The closure element in the form of a separate component is expediently held under spring bias in the piston. In particular, in this case, the closure element may be formed as at least partially resilient component.

Das Verschlusselement in Form eines separaten Bauteils ist bevorzugt in einem im Kolben vorgesehenen Aufnahmemittel gehalten und somit während des Motorbetriebs besonders sicher fixiert.The closure element in the form of a separate component is preferably held in a receiving means provided in the piston and thus fixed particularly secure during engine operation.

Das Verschlusselement in Form eines separaten Bauteils kann aus einem beliebigen Werkstoff hergestellt sein, wobei sich ein Federstahlblech als gut geeignet erwiesen hat.The closure element in the form of a separate component may be made of any material, wherein a spring steel sheet has been found to be well suited.

Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben kann als einteiliger, bspw. gegossener Kolben ausgebildet sein. Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben kann ferner als mehrteiliger Kolben ausgebildet, bspw. aus einem Kolbenoberteil und einem Kolbenunterteil zusammengesetzt sein. Die Bauteile können bspw. Gießteile oder Schmiedeteile sein, und bspw. aus einem Stahlwerkstoff hergestellt, insbesondere geschmiedet sein. Die Verbindung zwischen den Bauteilen kann auf beliebige Weise erfolgen. Als besonders geeignetes Fügeverfahren bietet sich das Schweißen, insbesondere das Reibschweißen an.The piston of the invention may be formed as a one-piece, for example. Cast piston. The piston according to the invention can also be designed as a multi-part piston, for example, be composed of a piston upper part and a piston lower part. The components can be, for example, castings or forgings, and, for example, be made of a steel material, in particular be forged. The connection between the components can be done in any way. A particularly suitable joining method is welding, in particular friction welding.

Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen in einer schematischen, nicht maßstabsgetreuen Darstellung:

Figur 1
einen Schnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kolbens gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
Figur 2
den Kolben gemäß Figur 1 im Schnitt, wobei die Darstellung gegenüber Figur 1 um 90° gedreht ist;
Figur 3
einen Schnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens;
Figur 4
den Kolben gemäß Figur 3 im Schnitt, wobei die Darstellung gegenüber Figur 3 um 90° gedreht ist.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In a schematic, not to scale representation:
FIG. 1
a section through an embodiment of a piston according to the prior art;
FIG. 2
according to the piston FIG. 1 on average, the presentation opposite FIG. 1 rotated by 90 °;
FIG. 3
a section through an embodiment of a piston according to the invention;
FIG. 4
according to the piston FIG. 3 on average, the presentation opposite FIG. 3 rotated by 90 °.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines zweiteiligen, aus einem Oberteil und einem Unterteil bestehenden, Kolbens beschrieben. Die vorliegende Erfindung kann selbstverständlich auch mit anderen Kolbentypen, wie bspw. einteiligen Kolben oder Pendelschaftkolben, verwirklicht werden.The present invention will be described below with reference to a two-part, consisting of an upper part and a lower part, piston. The present Of course, the invention can also be realized with other piston types, such as, for example, one-piece pistons or pendulum piston.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen einen Kolben 10 gemäß dem Stand der Technik in Form eines Kastenkolbens. Der Kolben 10 setzt sich zusammen aus einem Kolbenoberteil 11 und einem Kolbenunterteil 12, die im Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Stahlwerkstoff geschmiedet sind. Das Kolbenoberteil 11 weist einen Kolbenboden 13 mit einer Verbrennungsmulde 14 sowie einen umlaufenden Feuersteg 15 und eine umlaufende Ringpartie 16 auf. Das Kolbenunterteil 12 weist einen Kolbenschaft 17 sowie Kolbennaben 18 mit Nabenbohrungen 19 zur Aufnahme eines Kolbenbolzens (nicht dargestellt) auf. Die Kolbennaben 18 sind über Nabenabstützungen 21 mit der Unterseite 13' des Kolbenbodens 13 verbunden.The Figures 1 and 2 show a piston 10 according to the prior art in the form of a box piston. The piston 10 is composed of a piston upper part 11 and a piston lower part 12, which are forged in the embodiment of a steel material. The upper piston part 11 has a piston bottom 13 with a combustion bowl 14 and a circumferential top land 15 and a circumferential ring portion 16. The piston lower part 12 has a piston shaft 17 and piston hubs 18 with hub bores 19 for receiving a piston pin (not shown). The piston hubs 18 are connected via hub supports 21 to the underside 13 'of the piston head 13.

Das Kolbenoberteil 11 weist ein inneres umlaufendes Stützelement 22 und ein äußeres umlaufendes Stützelement 23 auf. Das innere Stützelement 22 ist an der Unterseite des Kolbenbodens 13 ringförmig umlaufend angeordnet. Das äußere Stützelement 23 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel unterhalb der Ringpartie 16 ausgebildet.The upper piston part 11 has an inner circumferential support element 22 and an outer circumferential support element 23. The inner support member 22 is arranged on the underside of the piston head 13 annularly circumferentially. The outer support member 23 is formed in the embodiment below the ring portion 16.

Das Kolbenunterteil 12 weist ebenfalls ein inneres umlaufendes Stützelement 24 und ein äußeres umlaufendes Stützelement 25 auf. Das innere Stützelement 24 ist an der Oberseite des Kolbenunterteils 12 umlaufend angeordnet. Das äußere Stützelement 25 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel als Verlängerung des Kolbenschafts 17 ausgebildet. Die Nabenabstützungen 21 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel unterhalb des inneren Stützelements 25 ausgebildet.The lower piston part 12 likewise has an inner circumferential support element 24 and an outer circumferential support element 25. The inner support member 24 is arranged circumferentially on the upper side of the piston lower part 12. The outer support member 25 is formed in the embodiment as an extension of the piston skirt 17. The hub supports 21 are formed below the inner support member 25 in the embodiment.

Das Kolbenoberteil 11 und das Kolbenunterteil 12 können auf beliebige Weise zusammengefügt sein, wobei die korrespondierenden äußeren bzw. inneren Stützelemente von Kolbenoberteil 11 und Kolbenunterteil 12 miteinander verbunden sind. Im Ausführungsbeispiel wurde das an sich bekannte Reibschweißverfahren gewählt, was in den Figuren 1 und 2 an den Reibschweißwulsten 26 erkennbar ist. Das Kolbenoberteil 11 und das Kolbenunterteil 12 bilden einen umlaufenden Kühlkanal 27. Dabei begrenzen die Ringpartie 16 und das äußere Stützelement 23 des Kolbenoberteils 11 sowie das äußere Stützelement 25 des Kolbenunterteils 12 den Kühlkanal 27 nach außen. Das innere Stützelement 22 des Kolbenoberteils 11 und das innere Stützelement 24 des Kolbenunterteils 12 begrenzen den Kühlkanal 27 zum Kolbeninneren hin. Das innere Stützelement 22 des Kolbenoberteils 11 und das innere Stützelement 24 des Kolbenunterteils 12 begrenzen ferner einen Hohlraum 28, der im Wesentlichen unterhalb des Kolbenbodens 13 angeordnet ist.The upper piston part 11 and the lower piston part 12 can be joined together in any desired manner, with the corresponding outer or inner support elements of upper piston part 11 and lower piston part 12 being connected to one another. In the exemplary embodiment, the known friction welding was chosen, which in the Figures 1 and 2 can be seen on the Reibschweißwulsten 26. The upper piston part 11 and the lower piston part 12 form a circumferential cooling channel 27. The annular portion 16 and the outer support element 23 of the piston upper part 11 and the outer support element 25 of the piston lower part 12 delimit the cooling channel 27 to the outside. The inner support member 22 of the piston top 11 and the inner support member 24 of the piston lower part 12 limit the cooling channel 27 to the piston interior. The inner support member 22 of the piston top 11 and the inner support member 24 of the piston lower part 12 further define a cavity 28 which is disposed substantially below the piston crown 13.

Der Hohlraum 28 ist allseitig geschlossen, das heißt, dass die inneren Stützelemente 22, 24 von Kolbenoberteil 11 bzw. Kolbenunterteil 12 keinerlei Öffnungen wie bspw. Kühlölkanäle aufweisen. Um dem Hohlraum 28 in Richtung des Kolbenschafts 17 und der Kolbennaben 18 zu schließen, ist ein Verschlusselement 29 vorgesehen. Im gattungsgemäßen Kolben 10 ist das Verschlusselement 29 eine einstückig mit dem Kolbenunterteil 12 ausgebildete Verschlusswand, die im Bereich der Nabenabstützungen 21 mit dem Kolbenunterteil 12 einstückig verbunden ist, so dass kein Schmieröl aus dem Kurbelgehäuse bzw. kein Kühlöl aus dem Kühlkanal 27 in den Hohlraum 28 eindringen kann.The cavity 28 is closed on all sides, that is to say that the inner support elements 22, 24 of piston upper part 11 and lower piston part 12 have no openings, such as, for example, cooling oil channels. In order to close the cavity 28 in the direction of the piston stem 17 and the piston bosses 18, a closure element 29 is provided. In the generic piston 10, the closure element 29 is an integrally formed with the piston lower part 12 closure wall, which is integrally connected in the region of the hub supports 21 with the piston base 12, so that no lubricating oil from the crankcase or no cooling oil from the cooling channel 27 into the cavity 28th can penetrate.

Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens 210, der in seinem Aufbau fast vollständig dem Kolben 10 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 entspricht. Daher wurden die Bezugszeichen aus Gründen der Vereinfachung beibehalten, und es wird auf die Beschreibung zu den Figuren 1 und 2 verwiesen.The FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of a piston 210 according to the invention, which in its construction almost completely the piston 10 according to the Figures 1 and 2 equivalent. Therefore, the reference numerals have been retained for the sake of simplicity, and the description of FIGS Figures 1 and 2 directed.

Der wesentliche Unterschied zum Kolben 10 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 bzw. zum Kolben 110 gemäß den Figuren 3 und 4 besteht darin, dass im Kolben 210 das Verschlusselement 229 als separates Bauteil in Form eines doppelwandigen Verschlusskörpers ausgebildet ist. Das Verschlusselement 229 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel zweiteilig ausgebildet, eine einteilige Ausbildung ist selbstverständlich auch denkbar. Die beiden Bauteile des Verschlusselements 229 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Federstahlblech hergestellt, durch Schweißen miteinander verbunden und in Richtung des Kolbenbodens 13 mit einer geringfügigen Wölbung versehen, wodurch eine Vorspannung erzeugt wird. Die beiden Bauteile des Verschlusselements 229 umschließen eine im Ausführungsbeispiel luftgefüllte Kammer 232, die als zusätzliche Wärmeisolierung wirkt. Das Verschlusselement 229 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls im Bereich der Nabenabstützungen 21 im Kolbenunterteil 12 unter federnder Vorspannung gehalten. Zu diesem Zweck ist im Ausführungsbeispiel im Bereich der Nabenabstützungen 21 ein Aufnahmemittel 231 in Form einer umlaufenden Vertiefung von etwa 0,5 mm Tiefe eingeformt, in dem das Verschlusselement 229 aufgenommen und gehalten ist.The main difference to the piston 10 according to the Figures 1 and 2 or to the piston 110 according to the FIGS. 3 and 4 is that in the piston 210, the closure element 229 is formed as a separate component in the form of a double-walled closure body. The closure element 229 is formed in two parts in the embodiment, a one-piece design is of course also conceivable. The two components of the closure element 229 are made in the embodiment of a spring steel sheet, joined together by welding and provided in the direction of the piston head 13 with a slight curvature, whereby a bias voltage is generated. The two components of the closure element 229 enclose an air-filled chamber 232 in the exemplary embodiment, which acts as additional heat insulation. The closure element 229 is also held in the exemplary embodiment in the region of the hub supports 21 in the piston lower part 12 under spring bias. For this purpose, in the exemplary embodiment in the region of the hub supports 21, a receiving means 231 in the form of a circumferential depression of approximately 0.5 mm in depth is formed, in which the closure element 229 is received and held.

Das Kolbenoberteil 11 und das Kolbenunterteil 12 des Kolbens 210 gemäß den Figuren 5 und 6 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel mittels Reibschweißen miteinander verbunden. Zum Zusammenbau des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens 210 werden zunächst das Kolbenoberteil 11, das Kolbenunterteil 12 und das Verschlusselement 229 als separate Bauteile hergestellt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel wird im Bereich der Nabenabstützungen 21 des Kolbenunterteils 12 ein Aufnahmemittel 231 in Form einer umlaufenden Vertiefung von etwa 0,5 mm Tiefe eingeformt, bspw. durch spanende Bearbeitung. Das Verschlusselement 229 wird im Ausführungsbeispiel in das Kolbenunterteil 12 im Bereich der Nabenabstützungen 21 eingesetzt und dort im Aufnahmemittel 231 unter federnder Vorspannung gehalten. Anschließend werden das Kolbenoberteil 11 und das Kolbenunterteil 12 durch Reibschweißen miteinander verbunden. Die dabei entstehenden Reibschweißwulste 26 dienen als zusätzliche Halterung des Verschlusselements 229 in axialer Richtung.The upper piston part 11 and the lower piston part 12 of the piston 210 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 are connected to one another in the exemplary embodiment by means of friction welding. For assembling the piston 210 according to the invention, first the upper piston part 11, the lower piston part 12 and the closure element 229 are produced as separate components. In the exemplary embodiment, in the region of the hub supports 21 of the piston lower part 12, a receiving means 231 in the form of a circumferential depression of about 0.5 mm in depth is formed, for example by machining. The closure element 229 is used in the embodiment in the lower piston part 12 in the region of the hub supports 21 and held there in the receiving means 231 under spring bias. Subsequently, the upper piston part 11 and the lower piston part 12 are connected to each other by friction welding. The resulting Reibschweißwulste 26 serve as additional support of the closure element 229 in the axial direction.

Das Verschlusselement 229 ist im Kolbenunterteil 12 flüssigkeitsdicht gehalten, so dass der unter dem Kolbenboden 13 gebildete Hohlraum 28 allseitig geschlossen ist, so dass kein Schmieröl aus dem Kurbelgehäuse bzw. kein Kühlöl aus dem Kühlkanal 27 in den Hohlraum 28 eindringen kann. Der allseitig geschlossene Hohlraum 28 wirkt als Wärmeisolierung gegenüber der im Betrieb heißen Unterseite 13' des Kolbenbodens 13 im Bereich der Verbrennungsmulde 14. Das im Motorbetrieb aus dem Kurbelgehäuse kommende Schmieröl trifft auf die Unterseite 229' des Verschlusselements 229, die wesentlich kühler ist als die Unterseite 13' des Kolbenbodens 13. Die bei diesem Vorgang entstehenden Schmierölpartikel sind aufgrund der niedrigeren Temperaturen wesentlich größer, so dass die Abscheiderate im Ölnebelabscheider wesentlich verbessert wird bzw. eine aufwändige Auslegung des Ölnebelabscheiders vermieden wird. Die Alterung des Schmieröls ist aufgrund der niedrigeren Temperaturen deutlich verzögert, und die Bildung von Ölkohle wird vermieden.The closure element 229 is held liquid-tight in the piston lower part 12, so that the cavity 28 formed below the piston head 13 is closed on all sides, so that no lubricating oil from the crankcase or no cooling oil from the cooling channel 27 can penetrate into the cavity 28. The cavity 28, which is closed on all sides, acts as thermal insulation against the underside 13 'of the piston bottom 13 in the region of the combustion bowl 14 during operation. The lubricating oil coming from the crankcase in engine operation strikes the underside 229' of the closure element 229, which is considerably cooler than the bottom side 13 'of the piston crown 13. The resulting in this process lubricating oil particles are much larger due to the lower temperatures, so that the deposition rate is significantly improved in Ölnebelabscheider or a complex design of Ölnebelabscheiders is avoided. The aging of the lubricating oil is significantly delayed due to the lower temperatures and the formation of oil carbon is avoided.

Claims (9)

  1. Piston (210) for an internal combustion engine, which piston (210) has a piston crown (13), a circumferential ring belt (16), a cooling duct (27) which runs around in the region of the ring belt (16), boss supports (21) which are attached below the piston crown (13), and piston bosses (18) which are connected to the said boss supports (21), and a piston skirt (17), a cavity (28) which is closed on all sides with a closure element (229) which is arranged in the direction of the piston skirt (17) being provided below the piston crown (13), characterized in that the closure element (229) is configured as a double-walled closure body which encloses a chamber (232).
  2. Piston according to Claim 1, characterized in that the double-walled closure body (229) is configured in one piece or in two pieces.
  3. Piston according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closure element (229) is configured as a closure body which is held in the region of the boss attachments (21) of the piston (210).
  4. Piston according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closure element (229) is held in the piston (210) under spring prestress.
  5. Piston according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closure element (229) is configured as an at least partially resilient component.
  6. Piston according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closure element (229) is held in a receiving means (231) which is provided in the piston (210).
  7. Piston according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closure element (229) is produced from a spring steel sheet.
  8. Piston according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is configured as a single-piece piston.
  9. Piston according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is configured as a multiple-piece piston.
EP11720285.3A 2010-03-02 2011-03-02 Piston for an internal combustion engine Not-in-force EP2542771B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010009891A DE102010009891A1 (en) 2010-03-02 2010-03-02 Piston for an internal combustion engine
PCT/DE2011/000211 WO2011107079A2 (en) 2010-03-02 2011-03-02 Piston for an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

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EP2542771A2 EP2542771A2 (en) 2013-01-09
EP2542771B1 true EP2542771B1 (en) 2016-12-28

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US (1) US8584626B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2542771B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3182263U (en)
KR (1) KR20130041770A (en)
BR (1) BR112012022256A2 (en)
DE (1) DE102010009891A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011107079A2 (en)

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KR20130041770A (en) 2013-04-25
EP2542771A2 (en) 2013-01-09
US8584626B2 (en) 2013-11-19
JP3182263U (en) 2013-03-21
BR112012022256A2 (en) 2016-10-25
DE102010009891A1 (en) 2011-09-08
US20130055969A1 (en) 2013-03-07
WO2011107079A3 (en) 2011-11-10
WO2011107079A2 (en) 2011-09-09

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