EP2540410B1 - Screw and method for producing a screw thread - Google Patents

Screw and method for producing a screw thread Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2540410B1
EP2540410B1 EP12170822.6A EP12170822A EP2540410B1 EP 2540410 B1 EP2540410 B1 EP 2540410B1 EP 12170822 A EP12170822 A EP 12170822A EP 2540410 B1 EP2540410 B1 EP 2540410B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thread
screw
flank
rolling
previous
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EP12170822.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2540410A1 (en
Inventor
Falk Rosenkranz
Corinna Achleitner
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Hilti AG
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Hilti AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H3/00—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape
    • B21H3/02—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape external screw-threads ; Making dies for thread rolling
    • B21H3/06—Making by means of profiled members other than rolls, e.g. reciprocating flat dies or jaws, moved longitudinally or curvilinearly with respect to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/001—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed
    • F16B25/0026—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed the material being a hard non-organic material, e.g. stone, concrete or drywall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
    • F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
    • F16B25/0047—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw the ridge being characterised by its cross-section in the plane of the shaft axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a screw, with at least one thread, which is produced by a rolling process, in particular a Flachbackenwalz compiler, wherein the thread is composed of two beads of material, which are formed in the rolling process from the body by cold forming, such that the thread a closing fold has, at which the material beads meet.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a screw thread on the lateral surface of a substantially cylindrical base body with at least one thread through rollers, in particular flat jaw rollers.
  • the invention particularly relates to self-tapping screws.
  • a to be machined, substantially cylindrical body is positioned between two profiled flat jaws, and these are then moved linearly to each other.
  • a thread is formed by profiling on the flat jaws on the lateral surface of the body.
  • the base body is rotated between the flat jaws, so that at least one continuous thread is formed circumferentially on the lateral surface.
  • the thread is usually formed by the fact that are pressed by the profiling of the flat jaws two bulges material from the main body of the screw, which unite during rolling to a thread. At the transition between the material beads creates a so-called closing fold.
  • the thread is formed by cold forming, that is, the two material beads can not connect completely cohesively with each other. Although the two bulges of material are pressed against each other in a form-fitting manner, there remains between them Under certain circumstances, a crease, which represents a weakening of the material, may close.
  • the closing fold is arranged in the previously known method exactly at the apex of the thread.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a screw, in particular self-tapping screw, which has a significantly improved wear resistance.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide a method for producing such a screw.
  • the closing fold is disposed in the region of a flank of the thread.
  • the material beads are metaphorically pushed together from both sides even to the middle of the thread, which made a simple production possible, since the profiling of the dies could be kept very simple by the highest point of the thread and the transition between the two Material beads corresponds.
  • Each of the profiles must therefore form only one of the two flanks of the thread.
  • the material weakening caused by the closing fold especially in the case of thread-cutting screws, is in a heavily loaded region, which reduces the wear resistance of the thread and thus of the screw.
  • the closing fold is preferably provided on the flank of the thread facing the direction of load action. With the screw tightened the power transmission between the screw and the ground on the load in the direction of action, ie extension direction facing edge of the thread. There is no or only a slight load transfer via the flank facing away in the direction of load action. The closing fold is thus arranged so that it is located on the less loaded edge of the thread.
  • the angle of the thread flanks can be adjusted according to the desired application of the screw. For self-tapping screws, especially concrete screws, but a thread flank angle between 15 ° and 30 ° has been found to be ideal in order to ensure a good cutting behavior and the highest possible load transfer.
  • the thread flank angle of the two thread flanks may also have different inclinations to allow a targeted adaptation to the desired application area or to the load transfer.
  • the thread flank angle of the load-acting in the direction of the flank is flattened, whereby a better load transfer between the screw and the ground can be achieved.
  • the flank angle of the thread flank pointing to the screw tip can be made steeper, since this does not fulfill a load transfer function when the screw is screwed in. Since this thread flank is steeper, less material has to be displaced in the case of a self-tapping screw, so that an easier screwing or cutting in of the screw is possible.
  • the ratio of the outside diameter of the screw to the thread pitch of the thread is in the range of 1 to 2. This ratio has been found to be ideal for simply screwing in the screw, but achieving the highest possible load transfer.
  • the areas which lie in the direction of load action in front of and behind the closing fold preferably have substantially the same cross-sectional areas, so that the same amount of material must be displaced from each profiling during the rolling process of the thread.
  • the screw is a self-tapping concrete screw.
  • a method for producing a screw thread on the lateral surface of a substantially cylindrical base body is provided with at least one thread through rollers, in particular flat jaw rollers, wherein the thread consists of two material beads formed from the base body by cold forming and by the rolling process to a Thread are unified, wherein between the material beads a closing fold is formed on the thread.
  • the closing fold is arranged in the region of one of the flanks of the thread.
  • FIG. 1 schematically an assembly 10 for rolling a thread of a screw in a substantially cylindrical screw body 12 is shown.
  • This arrangement consists essentially of two rolling dies 14, 16, each having a rolling surface 18 and 20 respectively.
  • the rolling surfaces 18, 20 are aligned parallel to each other and each have a profile 22 and 24, respectively.
  • the first rolling jaw 14 is arranged here fixed, the second rolling jaw 16 is linearly parallel to its rolling surface 20 in a rolling direction W and parallel to the first rolling surface 18 slidably.
  • the main body 12 is positioned to form a thread between the two dies 14, 16, and then the second die 16 is displaced in the rolling direction W.
  • the base body 12 between the two rolling jaws 14, 16 is rolled in a rotational direction D, wherein circumferentially by a plurality of successive profiles 22, 24, a thread in the base body 12 is formed.
  • the profiles change with increasing rolling distance in height, geometry and location to control the flow of material.
  • This process is for a conventional screw in the Figures 2 af for the first rolling jaw 14 shown.
  • two profiles 22a, 22b per section are provided on each of the dies 14, 16, which run on the first rolling die 14 shown here in the rolling direction W, that is, their spacing decreases, thereby changing their shape.
  • the profiles run in the opposite direction to each other.
  • the profiles 22a, 22b are pressed during displacement of the rolling jaws 14, 16 in the lateral surface 25 of the base body 12 ( FIG. 2a ) and in the course of the rolling process form out of this two material beads 28a, 28b, from which the thread 26 is formed in the further course ( FIGS. 2b and 2c ).
  • these bulges of material 28a, 28b are urged toward one another by the profiles 22a, 22b running toward each other until the bulges of material 28a, 28b join together to form the thread 26 ( Figures 2d and 2e ).
  • Each of the profiles 22a, 22b thus forms a thread flank 30a, 30b of the finished thread 26.
  • closing fold 32 which, as in FIG. 2f can be seen, is arranged in the apex of the thread 26, so exactly at the cutting edge of the thread saw 26th
  • FIGS. 3 a to h an inventive method for rolling a thread shown.
  • the rolling jaws 14, 16 for a method according to the invention are constructed substantially similarly.
  • the dies 16, 14 differ only in the shape of the profiles 22a, 22b, as will be shown below.
  • the method steps also essentially correspond to those of the previously known methods.
  • the profiles 22a, 22b press into the main body 12 ( FIG. 3a ) and in each case form a bead of material 28a, 28b, the beads of material being forced toward one another by the profiles 22a, 22b ( FIGS. 3b-d ), until the bulges of material 28a, 28b finally join to the thread 26 ( Figures 3e-h ).
  • the profiles 22a, 22b are formed such that the closing fold 32 is not arranged apex of the thread 26, but in the region of a thread flank 30b of the thread 26.
  • the closing fold 32 is no longer in the highly loaded region of the apex 31, but in a much less loaded area on the thread flank 30b of the thread 26th
  • every thread flank 30a, 30b is formed by one of the profiles 22a, 22b. Rather, a profile 22a forms the entire thread flank 30a and a part of the thread flank 30b, while the second profile 22b forms only the remaining part of the second thread flank 30b.
  • the closing fold 32 is preferably arranged so that viewed in a cross section of each of the profiles 22a, 22b displaces the same amount of material, ie the cross-sectional area of the Materialwülste 28a, 28b are equal in longitudinal section.
  • FIG. 4 A cross section through a finished thread is in FIG. 4 shown. Due to the asymmetric production of the thread, the thread flanks 30a, 30b have different flank angles ⁇ , ⁇ .
  • the load-action angle ⁇ of the thread flank 30b which is oriented in the extension direction, that is to say load-action direction L, is flatter here, so that a better load transfer from a substrate 34 via the thread flank 30b into the base body or into the screw can take place.
  • the angle .alpha. Of the thread flank 30a pointing to the screw tip is substantially steeper, so that less material is displaced during the cutting of the thread through this thread flank 30a, whereby an easier screwing in of the screw is possible. Ideal angles for the thread flanks are between 15 ° and 30 °. In FIG. 4 however, other angles are shown.
  • the Schüeßfalte 32 is disposed on the counter to the load action direction L facing thread flank 30a, so that it is not weakened in the direction of load direction flank 30b, over which the load transfer takes place in the substrate 34.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schraube, mit zumindest einem Gewindegang, der durch ein Walzverfahren, insbesondere ein Flachbackenwalzverfahren hergestellt ist, wobei der Gewindegang durch zwei Materialwülste, die bei dem Walzverfahren aus dem Grundkörper durch Kaltumformen gebildet sind, derart zusammengesetzt ist, dass der Gewindegang eine Schließfalte aufweist, an der die Materialwülste aufeinandertreffen. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schraubengewindes auf der Mantelfläche eines im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Grundkörpers mit zumindest einem Gewindegang durch Walzen, insbesondere Flachbackenwalzen.The invention relates to a screw, with at least one thread, which is produced by a rolling process, in particular a Flachbackenwalzverfahren, wherein the thread is composed of two beads of material, which are formed in the rolling process from the body by cold forming, such that the thread a closing fold has, at which the material beads meet. The invention further relates to a method for producing a screw thread on the lateral surface of a substantially cylindrical base body with at least one thread through rollers, in particular flat jaw rollers.

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere selbstschneidende Schrauben.The invention particularly relates to self-tapping screws.

Zur Herstellung von Gewinden auf Schrauben sind sogenannte Flachbackenwalzverfahren bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird ein zu bearbeitender, im Wesentlichen zylindrischer Grundkörper zwischen zwei profilierten Flachbacken positioniert, und diese werden anschließend linear zueinander verschoben. Dabei wird durch Profilierungen auf den Flachbacken auf der Mantelfläche des Grundkörpers ein Gewindegang ausgeformt. Während des Walzvorgangs wird der Grundkörper zwischen den Flachbacken gedreht, sodass umlaufend auf der Mantelfläche zumindest ein durchgehender Gewindegang geformt wird. Der Gewindegang wird üblicherweise dadurch ausgebildet, dass durch die Profilierung der Flachbacken zwei Materialwülste aus dem Grundkörper der Schraube gepresst werden, die sich während des Walzens zu einem Gewindegang vereinigen. Am Übergang zwischen den Materialwülsten entsteht dabei eine sogenannte Schließfalte. Der Gewindegang wird aber durch Kaltumformen gebildet, dass heißt, die beiden Materialwülste können sich nicht vollständig stoffschlüssig miteinander verbinden. Obwohl die beiden Materialwülste formschlüssig aneinander gepresst sind, verbleibt also zwischen diesen von der Schließfalte ausgehend unter Umständen ein Spalt, der eine Materialschwächung darstellt. Die Schließfalte ist bei den bisher bekannten Verfahren genau im Scheitel des Gewindegangs angeordnet.For producing threads on screws, so-called flat-jaw rolling methods are known. In this method, a to be machined, substantially cylindrical body is positioned between two profiled flat jaws, and these are then moved linearly to each other. In this case, a thread is formed by profiling on the flat jaws on the lateral surface of the body. During the rolling process, the base body is rotated between the flat jaws, so that at least one continuous thread is formed circumferentially on the lateral surface. The thread is usually formed by the fact that are pressed by the profiling of the flat jaws two bulges material from the main body of the screw, which unite during rolling to a thread. At the transition between the material beads creates a so-called closing fold. However, the thread is formed by cold forming, that is, the two material beads can not connect completely cohesively with each other. Although the two bulges of material are pressed against each other in a form-fitting manner, there remains between them Under certain circumstances, a crease, which represents a weakening of the material, may close. The closing fold is arranged in the previously known method exactly at the apex of the thread.

Der Artikel " Flachbacken-Gewindewalzen ohne Oberflächenfehler - Flat die thread rolling without surface failures" von Flanagan J D et al., UMFORMTECHNIK, MEISENBACH, BAMBERG, DE, Bd. 27, Nr. 4, 1. August 1993 (1993-08-01), Seite 288/289, XP000396772, ISSN: 0300-3167 beschreibt Gewindewalzwerkzeuge, bei denen eine Spaltbildung am Gewinde vermieden ist.The item " Flattened Thread Rollers Without Surface Errors - Flat thread rolling without surface failures "by Flanagan JD et al., UMFORM TECHNOLOGY, MEISENBACH, BAMBERG, DE, Vol. 27, No. 4, Aug. 1, 1993 (1993-08-01), p 288/289, XP000396772, ISSN: 0300-3167 describes thread rolling tools, where a gap formation on the thread is avoided.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Schraube, insbesondere selbstschneidende Schraube, zu schaffen, die eine deutlich verbesserte Verschleißbeständigkeit aufweist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ferner, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Schraube bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is to provide a screw, in particular self-tapping screw, which has a significantly improved wear resistance. The object of the invention is also to provide a method for producing such a screw.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist bei einer Schraube der eingangs genannten Art vorgesehen, dass die Schließfalte im Bereich einer Flanke des Gewindegangs angeordnet ist. Bei den bisher bekannten Verfahren werden die Materialwülste bildlich gesprochen von beiden Seiten gleichmäßig zur Mitte des Gewindeganges hin zusammengeschoben, was eine einfache Fertigung ermöglichte, da die Profilierung der Walzbacken sehr einfach gehalten werden konnte, indem der höchste Punkt des Gewindes auch dem Übergang zwischen den beiden Materialwülsten entspricht. Jede der Profilierungen muss also lediglich eine der beiden Flanken des Gewindes ausbilden. Dadurch liegt die durch die Schließfalte bewirkte Materialschwächung vor allem bei gewindeschneidenden Schrauben in einem hochbelasteten Bereich, wodurch die Verschleißbeständigkeit des Gewindes und somit der Schraube reduziert wird.To solve the problem is provided in a screw of the type mentioned that the closing fold is disposed in the region of a flank of the thread. In the previously known methods, the material beads are metaphorically pushed together from both sides even to the middle of the thread, which made a simple production possible, since the profiling of the dies could be kept very simple by the highest point of the thread and the transition between the two Material beads corresponds. Each of the profiles must therefore form only one of the two flanks of the thread. As a result, the material weakening caused by the closing fold, especially in the case of thread-cutting screws, is in a heavily loaded region, which reduces the wear resistance of the thread and thus of the screw.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schraube erfolgt demgegenüber eine asymmetrische Gestaltung des Gewindes, wobei eine Profilierung der Walzbacken eine gesamte Flanke des Gewindes ausbildet und über den Scheitel des Gewindes hinweg auch einen Teil der gegenüberliegenden Flanke. Die zweite Profilierung bildet lediglich den verbleibenden Teil der zweiten Gewindeflanke aus. Dadurch liegt die Schließfalte im Bereich einer Flanke und nicht mehr im hochbelasteten Bereich am Scheitelpunkt des Gewindeganges, der bei einer selbstschneidenden Schraube auch die Schneidkante des Gewindes darstellt und somit hochbelastet ist. Da im Scheitelpunkt des Gewindeganges keine Materialschwächung durch die Schließfalte vorhanden ist, ist dieser Bereich wesentlich belastbarer und unterliegt dadurch vor allem beim Eindrehen in extrem harte Untergründe einer geringeren Abnutzung.In the screw according to the invention, in contrast, an asymmetrical design of the thread, wherein a profiling of the dies forms an entire flank of the thread and over the apex of the thread away also a part of the opposite flank. The second profiling forms only the remaining part of the second thread flank out. As a result, the closing fold lies in the region of a flank and no longer in the heavily loaded region at the apex of the thread turn, which also represents the cutting edge of the thread in the case of a self-tapping screw and is thus highly loaded. Since at the apex of the thread no material weakening is present through the closing fold, this area is much more resilient and thus subject, especially when screwing in extremely hard surfaces less wear.

Vorzugsweise ist die Schließfalte an der entgegen der Lastwirkungsrichtung weisenden Flanke des Gewindes vorgesehen. Bei eingedrehter Schraube erfolgt die Kraftübertragung zwischen Schraube und Untergrund über die in Lastwirkungsrichtung, das heißt Auszugsrichtung weisende Flanke des Gewindegangs. Über die in Lastwirkungsrichtung abgewandte Flanke erfolgt keine oder nur eine geringe Lastabtragung. Die Schließfalte ist also so angeordnet, dass sich diese an der weniger belasteten Flanke des Gewindes befindet.The closing fold is preferably provided on the flank of the thread facing the direction of load action. With the screw tightened the power transmission between the screw and the ground on the load in the direction of action, ie extension direction facing edge of the thread. There is no or only a slight load transfer via the flank facing away in the direction of load action. The closing fold is thus arranged so that it is located on the less loaded edge of the thread.

Der Winkel der Gewindeflanken kann entsprechend dem gewünschten Einsatzgebiet der Schraube beliebig angepasst werden. Für selbstschneidende Schrauben, insbesondere Betonschrauben, hat sich aber ein Gewindeflankenwinkel zwischen 15° und 30° als ideal herausgestellt, um eine gutes Schneidverhalten sowie eine möglichst hohe Lastübertragung zu gewährleisten.The angle of the thread flanks can be adjusted according to the desired application of the screw. For self-tapping screws, especially concrete screws, but a thread flank angle between 15 ° and 30 ° has been found to be ideal in order to ensure a good cutting behavior and the highest possible load transfer.

Die Gewindeflankenwinkel der beiden Gewindeflanken können auch unterschiedliche Neigungen aufweisen, um eine gezielte Anpassung an den gewünschten Einsatzbereich bzw. an die Lastabtragung zu ermöglichen. Vorzugsweise ist der Gewindeflankenwinkel der in Lastwirkungsrichtung weisenden Flanke flacher ausgebildet, wodurch eine bessere Lastabtragung zwischen Schraube und Untergrund erzielt werden kann. Der Flankenwinkel der zur Schraubenspitze weisenden Gewindeflanke kann steiler ausgebildet sein, da dieser bei eingedrehter Schraube keine Lastabtragefunktion erfüllt. Da diese Gewindeflanke steiler ausgebildet ist, muss hier bei einer selbstschneidenden Schraube weniger Material verdrängt werden, sodass ein leichteres Einschrauben bzw. Einschneiden der Schraube möglich ist.The thread flank angle of the two thread flanks may also have different inclinations to allow a targeted adaptation to the desired application area or to the load transfer. Preferably, the thread flank angle of the load-acting in the direction of the flank is flattened, whereby a better load transfer between the screw and the ground can be achieved. The flank angle of the thread flank pointing to the screw tip can be made steeper, since this does not fulfill a load transfer function when the screw is screwed in. Since this thread flank is steeper, less material has to be displaced in the case of a self-tapping screw, so that an easier screwing or cutting in of the screw is possible.

Idealerweise ist das Verhältnis des Außendurchmessers der Schraube zur Gewindesteigung des Gewindes im Bereich von 1 bis 2. Dieses Verhältnis hat sich als ideal herausgestellt, um ein einfaches Einschrauben der Schraube, aber eine möglichste hohe Lastabtragung zu erzielen.Ideally, the ratio of the outside diameter of the screw to the thread pitch of the thread is in the range of 1 to 2. This ratio has been found to be ideal for simply screwing in the screw, but achieving the highest possible load transfer.

In einem Längsschnitt betrachtet weisen die Bereiche, die in Lastwirkungsrichtung vor und hinter der Schließfalte liegen, vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen die gleichen Querschnittsflächen auf, sodass beim Walzvorgang des Gewindeganges von jeder Profilierung die gleiche Materialmenge verdrängt werden muss.Viewed in a longitudinal section, the areas which lie in the direction of load action in front of and behind the closing fold preferably have substantially the same cross-sectional areas, so that the same amount of material must be displaced from each profiling during the rolling process of the thread.

Vorzugsweise ist die Schraube eine selbstschneidende Betonschraube.Preferably, the screw is a self-tapping concrete screw.

Erfindungsgemäß ist des Weiteren ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schraubengewindes auf der Mantelfläche eines im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Grundkörpers mit zumindest einem Gewindegang durch Walzen, insbesondere Flachbackenwalzen vorgesehen, wobei der Gewindegang aus zwei Materialwülsten besteht, die aus dem Grundkörper durch Kaltumformen gebildet und durch das Walzverfahren zu einem Gewindegang vereinigt werden, wobei zwischen den Materialwülsten eine Schließfalte am Gewindegang gebildet wird. Die Schließfalte ist im Bereich einer der Flanken des Gewindegangs angeordnet.According to the invention a method for producing a screw thread on the lateral surface of a substantially cylindrical base body is provided with at least one thread through rollers, in particular flat jaw rollers, wherein the thread consists of two material beads formed from the base body by cold forming and by the rolling process to a Thread are unified, wherein between the material beads a closing fold is formed on the thread. The closing fold is arranged in the region of one of the flanks of the thread.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den beigefügten Zeichnungen. In diesen zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Flachbackenwalzverfahrens,
  • Figuren 2a - f verschiedene Abschnitte einer Walzbacke gemäß dem Stand der Technik,
  • Figuren 3a - h verschiedenen Abschnitte einer bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Walzbackenverfahren verwendeten Walzbacke, und
  • Figur 4 einen schematischen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Schraube.
Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In these show:
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a Flachbackenwalzverfahrens,
  • FIGS. 2a-f various sections of a rolling die according to the prior art,
  • FIGS. 3a-h various sections of a rolling die used in the rolling die method according to the invention, and
  • FIG. 4 a schematic section through a screw according to the invention.

In Figur 1 ist schematisch eine Anordnung 10 zum Walzen eines Gewindeganges einer Schraube in einem im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Schrauben-Grundkörper 12 dargestellt. Diese Anordnung besteht im Wesentlichen aus zwei Walzbacken 14, 16, die jeweils eine Walzfläche 18 bzw. 20 aufweisen. Die Walzflächen 18, 20 sind parallel zueinander ausgerichtet und weisen jeweils ein Profil 22 bzw. 24 auf. Die erste Walzbacke 14 ist hier feststehend angeordnet, die zweite Walzbacke 16 ist linear parallel zu ihrer Walzfläche 20 in eine Walzrichtung W und parallel zur ersten Walzfläche 18 verschiebbar.In FIG. 1 schematically an assembly 10 for rolling a thread of a screw in a substantially cylindrical screw body 12 is shown. This arrangement consists essentially of two rolling dies 14, 16, each having a rolling surface 18 and 20 respectively. The rolling surfaces 18, 20 are aligned parallel to each other and each have a profile 22 and 24, respectively. The first rolling jaw 14 is arranged here fixed, the second rolling jaw 16 is linearly parallel to its rolling surface 20 in a rolling direction W and parallel to the first rolling surface 18 slidably.

Der Grundkörper 12 wird zum Ausbilden eines Gewindeganges zwischen den beiden Walzbacken 14, 16 positioniert, und anschließend wird die zweite Walzbacke 16 in Walzrichtung W verschoben. Dabei wird der Grundkörper 12 zwischen den beiden Walzbacken 14, 16 in eine Drehrichtung D gerollt, wobei umlaufend durch mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Profile 22, 24 ein Gewindegang in dem Grundkörper 12 ausgeformt wird. Die Profile ändern sich mit zunehmender Walzstrecke in Höhe, Geometrie und Lage, um den Materialfluss zu steuern.The main body 12 is positioned to form a thread between the two dies 14, 16, and then the second die 16 is displaced in the rolling direction W. In this case, the base body 12 between the two rolling jaws 14, 16 is rolled in a rotational direction D, wherein circumferentially by a plurality of successive profiles 22, 24, a thread in the base body 12 is formed. The profiles change with increasing rolling distance in height, geometry and location to control the flow of material.

Dieser Vorgang ist für eine herkömmliche Schraube in den Figuren 2 a-f für die erste Walzbacke 14 dargestellt. Für jeden Gewindegang 26 sind an jeder der Walzbacken 14, 16 zwei Profile 22a, 22b pro Abschnitt vorgesehen, die auf der hier dargestellten ersten Walzbacke 14 in Walzrichtung W aufeinander zu laufen, das heißt ihr Abstand verringert sich, und dabei ihre Form ändern. Auf der zweiten Walzbacke 16 laufen die Profile in entgegengesetzter Richtung aufeinander zu.This process is for a conventional screw in the Figures 2 af for the first rolling jaw 14 shown. For each thread 26, two profiles 22a, 22b per section are provided on each of the dies 14, 16, which run on the first rolling die 14 shown here in the rolling direction W, that is, their spacing decreases, thereby changing their shape. On the second rolling die 16, the profiles run in the opposite direction to each other.

Die Profile 22a, 22b werden beim Verschieben der Walzbacken 14, 16 in die Mantelfläche 25 des Grundkörper 12 eingepresst (Figur 2a) und formen im Verlauf des Walzvorgangs aus diesem zwei Materialwülste 28a, 28b heraus, aus denen im weiteren Verlauf der Gewindegang 26 gebildet wird (Figuren 2b und 2c). Im weiteren Verlauf werden diese Materialwülste 28a, 28b durch die aufeinander zu laufenden Profile 22a, 22b aufeinander zu gedrängt, bis sich die Materialwülste 28a, 28b zum Gewindegang 26 vereinigen (Figuren 2d und 2e).The profiles 22a, 22b are pressed during displacement of the rolling jaws 14, 16 in the lateral surface 25 of the base body 12 ( FIG. 2a ) and in the course of the rolling process form out of this two material beads 28a, 28b, from which the thread 26 is formed in the further course ( FIGS. 2b and 2c ). In the further course, these bulges of material 28a, 28b are urged toward one another by the profiles 22a, 22b running toward each other until the bulges of material 28a, 28b join together to form the thread 26 ( Figures 2d and 2e ).

Jedes der Profile 22a, 22b formt also eine Gewindeflanke 30a, 30b des fertigen Gewindegangs 26. Zwischen den Materialwülsten 28a, 28b verbleibt nach Abschluss des Walzvorgangs eine von außen kaum oder nicht zu sehende Schließfalte 32, die, wie in Figur 2f zu sehen ist, im Scheitel des Gewindegangs 26 angeordnet ist, also genau an der Schneidkante des Gewindegenages 26.Each of the profiles 22a, 22b thus forms a thread flank 30a, 30b of the finished thread 26. Between the material beads 28a, 28b remains after conclusion of the rolling operation from the outside hardly or not to be seen closing fold 32, which, as in FIG. 2f can be seen, is arranged in the apex of the thread 26, so exactly at the cutting edge of the thread saw 26th

Demgegenüber ist in den Figuren 3 a bis h ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Walzen eines Gewindes dargestellt. Die Walzbacken 14, 16 für ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren sind im Wesentlichen ähnlich aufgebaut. Die Walzbacken 16, 14 unterscheiden sich lediglich in der Form der Profile 22a, 22b, wie im Folgenden dargestellt wird.In contrast, in the FIGS. 3 a to h an inventive method for rolling a thread shown. The rolling jaws 14, 16 for a method according to the invention are constructed substantially similarly. The dies 16, 14 differ only in the shape of the profiles 22a, 22b, as will be shown below.

Die Verfahrensschritte entsprechen ebenfalls im Wesentlichen denen der bisher bekannten Verfahren. Die Profile 22a, 22b drücken sich in den Grundkörper 12 ein (Figur 3a) und bilden jeweils einen Materialwulst 28a, 28b, wobei die Materialwülste durch die Profile 22a, 22b aufeinander zugedrängt werden (Figuren 3b-d), bis sich die Materialwülste 28a, 28b schließlich zum Gewindegang 26 vereinigen (Figuren 3e-h).The method steps also essentially correspond to those of the previously known methods. The profiles 22a, 22b press into the main body 12 ( FIG. 3a ) and in each case form a bead of material 28a, 28b, the beads of material being forced toward one another by the profiles 22a, 22b ( FIGS. 3b-d ), until the bulges of material 28a, 28b finally join to the thread 26 ( Figures 3e-h ).

Wie insbesondere in den Figuren 3g und 3h zu sehen ist, sind die Profile 22a, 22b aber so ausgebildet, dass die Schließfalte 32 nicht Scheitel des Gewindegangs 26 angeordnet ist, sondern im Bereich einer Gewindeflanke 30b des Gewindeganges 26. Dadurch liegt die Schließfalte 32 nicht mehr im hochbelasteten Bereich des Scheitels 31, sondern in einem wesentlich weniger belasteten Bereich an der Gewindeflanke 30b des Gewindegangs 26.As in particular in the Figures 3g and 3h can be seen, however, the profiles 22a, 22b are formed such that the closing fold 32 is not arranged apex of the thread 26, but in the region of a thread flank 30b of the thread 26. As a result, the closing fold 32 is no longer in the highly loaded region of the apex 31, but in a much less loaded area on the thread flank 30b of the thread 26th

Anders als bei den bisher bekannten Verfahren wird also nicht jede Gewindeflanke 30a, 30b durch eines der Profile 22a, 22b gebildet. Vielmehr formt ein Profil 22a die gesamte Gewindeflanke 30a sowie einen Teil der Gewindeflanke 30b aus, während das zweite Profil 22b lediglich den restlichen Teil der zweiten Gewindeflanke 30b ausbildet.Unlike the previously known methods, therefore, not every thread flank 30a, 30b is formed by one of the profiles 22a, 22b. Rather, a profile 22a forms the entire thread flank 30a and a part of the thread flank 30b, while the second profile 22b forms only the remaining part of the second thread flank 30b.

Um die Kräfte, die beim Walzen des Gewindegangs 26 entstehen, gleichmäßig auf beide Profile 22a, 22b zu verteilen, ist die Schließfalte 32 vorzugsweise so angeordnet, dass in einem Querschnitt betrachtet jedes der Profile 22a, 22b die gleiche Materialmenge verdrängt, also die Querschnittsfläche der Materialwülste 28a, 28b im Längsschnitt gleich groß sind.In order to distribute the forces generated during rolling of the thread 26 evenly on both profiles 22a, 22b, the closing fold 32 is preferably arranged so that viewed in a cross section of each of the profiles 22a, 22b displaces the same amount of material, ie the cross-sectional area of the Materialwülste 28a, 28b are equal in longitudinal section.

Ein Querschnitt durch einen fertigen Gewindegang ist in Figur 4 dargestellt. Durch die asymmetrische Herstellung des Gewindegangs haben die Gewindeflanken 30a, 30b unterschiedliche Flankenwinkel α, β. Der Lastwirkungswinkel β der Gewindeflanke 30b, die in Auszugsrichtung, das heißt Lastwirkungsrichtung L ausgerichtet ist, ist hier flacher ausgebildet, sodass eine bessere Lastabtragung von einem Untergrund 34 über die Gewindeflanke 30b in den Grundkörper bzw. in die Schraube erfolgen kann. Der Winkel α der zur Schraubenspitze weisenden Gewindeflanke 30a ist wesentlich steiler ausgebildet, sodass beim Schneiden des Gewindes durch diese Gewindeflanke 30a weniger Material verdrängt wird, wodurch ein leichteres Eindrehen der Schraube möglich ist. Ideale Winkel für die Gewindeflanken liegen zwischen 15° und 30°. In Figur 4 sind jedoch andere Winkel gezeigt.A cross section through a finished thread is in FIG. 4 shown. Due to the asymmetric production of the thread, the thread flanks 30a, 30b have different flank angles α, β. The load-action angle β of the thread flank 30b, which is oriented in the extension direction, that is to say load-action direction L, is flatter here, so that a better load transfer from a substrate 34 via the thread flank 30b into the base body or into the screw can take place. The angle .alpha. Of the thread flank 30a pointing to the screw tip is substantially steeper, so that less material is displaced during the cutting of the thread through this thread flank 30a, whereby an easier screwing in of the screw is possible. Ideal angles for the thread flanks are between 15 ° and 30 °. In FIG. 4 however, other angles are shown.

Die Schüeßfalte 32 ist an der entgegen der Lastwirkungsrichtung L weisenden Gewindeflanke 30a angeordnet, sodass durch diese nicht die in Lastwirkungsrichtung weisende Flanke 30b geschwächt wird, über die die Lastabtragung in den Untergrund 34 erfolgt.The Schüeßfalte 32 is disposed on the counter to the load action direction L facing thread flank 30a, so that it is not weakened in the direction of load direction flank 30b, over which the load transfer takes place in the substrate 34.

Claims (9)

  1. Screw with at least one thread (26), which is produced through a rolling process, particularly a flat die rolling process, in which the thread (26) is made up of two bulges of material (28a, 28b), which are formed from the basic body (12) in the rolling process by cold forming, in such a way that the thread (26) has a closure fold (32), at which the bulges of material (28a, 28b) meet each other,
    characterised in that the closure fold is arranged in the area of a thread flank (30a, 30b) of the thread (26).
  2. Screw according to claim 1, characterised in that the closure fold (32) is provided on the thread flank (30a) of the thread (26) facing against the direction of effect of the load (L).
  3. Screw according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the thread flank angles (α, ß) are between 15° and 30°.
  4. Screw according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the thread flank angles (α, ß) have different inclinations.
  5. Screw according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the thread flank angle (ß) of the thread flank (30b) facing in the direction of effect of the load is made shallower.
  6. Screw according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the ratio of the outer diameter of the screw to the pitch of the thread is in the range from 1 to 2.
  7. Screw according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the areas, which lie before and after the closure fold (32) in the direction of effect of the load (L), essentially have the same cross sectional area, when considered in a longitudinal section.
  8. Screw according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the screw is a self tapping concrete screw.
  9. Method for producing a screw thread on the lateral surface of an essentially cylindrical basic body (12) with at least one thread (26) by rolling, particularly flat die rolling,
    in which the thread (26) consists of two bulges of material (28a, 28b), which are formed from the basic body (12) by cold forming and combined into the thread (26) by the rolling process, in which a closure fold (32) is formed on the thread (26) between the bulges of material (28a, 28b),
    characterised in that the closure fold (32) is arranged in the area of one of the flanks (30a, 30b) of the thread (26)
EP12170822.6A 2011-06-29 2012-06-05 Screw and method for producing a screw thread Active EP2540410B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102011078256A DE102011078256A1 (en) 2011-06-29 2011-06-29 Screw and method of making a screw thread

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EP (1) EP2540410B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102852939B (en)
DE (1) DE102011078256A1 (en)
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US9757792B1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-09-12 Mark Doll Method for making a die for roll forming a dual threaded bolt
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ES2577145T3 (en) 2016-07-13
US8899898B2 (en) 2014-12-02
CN102852939A (en) 2013-01-02
PL2540410T3 (en) 2016-09-30
DE102011078256A1 (en) 2013-01-03
US20130004262A1 (en) 2013-01-03
EP2540410A1 (en) 2013-01-02
CN102852939B (en) 2016-06-15
TWI561737B (en) 2016-12-11

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