US1809758A

US1809758A - Fastener

Info

Publication number: US1809758A
Application number: US124454A
Authority: US
Inventors: Rosenberg Heyman
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1926-07-23
Filing date: 1926-07-23
Publication date: 1931-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 1948-06-09
Also published as: GB274833A; FR637825A; DE480449C

Description

June 9 1931- H. RosENBERG FASTENER Filed July 25, 1926 H5. 57. 2f #www M55/V555@ PatentedV June 9, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT lOFFICE FASTENER Application filed July 23, 1926. Serial No. 124,454.

This invention relates toimprovements in fasteners of the type especially adapted for anchorage in metal and like substances, and,

more particularly to such as are formed of a body provided with a. rib or thread adapted to produce its own path in the work engaged. Amongvthe objects in view are: first, to facilitate entry of the rib or thread to relatively great depth in the work with less resistance and strain than may be accomplished by the employment of the known forms of ribs or threads; second, to form asmooth, finished path or thread in the work with walls especially firmly gripping the rib or thread of the fastener; third, to increase the extent of purchase in engaging relatively thin sheet material by moving parts of such material to a flanged condition in the direction of the length of the body of the fastener; and, fourth, to cause the fastener to readily and easily enter in a relatively straight position with respect to the Work, that is, without canting or skewing.

Other objects will become in part apparent and in part be stated hereinafter;

The invention comprises certain novel constructions, combinations and arrangements of parts as hereinafter specified and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings,-

Figure 1 is a view in side velevation of a fastener embodying the features of the present invention, the structure being shown in its fully anchored position in Work, the working being seen in section.

Figure 2 is an end view of the fastener seen in Figure l, the working being omitted.

Figure 3 is a side elevation similar to Figure l ofthe fa-stener taken from a plane at right angles to the plane of observation of Figure 1, the upper portion of the fastener being broken away and the work being omitted.

Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 are fragmentary, side elevations of the fastener showing various stages of advance thereof into work.

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 3 of a slightly modified embodiment.

Figure 9 is a side elevation of the invention embodied in a lag screw, the parts being seen 5 on a reduced scale relative to the other figures.

0 Referring to the drawings by numerals, 1 indlcates the body or root diameter of a fastener having the head 2 provided with the 'usual kert Outstanding from the body l 1s a spiral rib or thread 4 of relatively high pitch, that is, generally of the character of thread commonly utilized on wood screws but differing therefrom in that the thread extends to the head 2, and differing therefrom also in the formation of the entering end portion of the thread,'as will hereinafter be described in detail. The main portion of the rib or thread 4 outstands a considerable distance from the root diameterA or body 1 -so as to enter the work engaged to a very substantial extent and thus afford especially effective connection or anchorage. The rib or thread 4 is substantially triangular in transverse section with the apex presented outward or away from the root diameter, so that an entering or cutting edge is presented throughout the length of the main portion of the rib or thread 4.

That portion of the rib or thread 4 extending beyond said main portion of the terminus of the body 1 will be referred to, for

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purposes of identification, as the entering end portion and tapers gradually, uniformily, and constantly longitudinally from the main portion down to the eXtreme or terminus of the thread where it blends with the root diameter or body 1. In addition to the said taper, the thread or rib 4 is formed with a groove or valley 5 extendingalong the median line of the thread, the groove tapering inversely with the taper ofthe thread from the beginning of the groove, as seen in Figure 3, to the terminus thereof, as seen in Figure 1. The base of the groove or valley 5 at the entering end is preferably inset radially inward of the lines of the root diameter or body l, and gradually rises until, as seen in Figure 3, it blends with the sides of the rib or thread to form the beginning of the Y cutting edge of the main portion of thread or rib 4. The said sides of the rib formed by the groove or valley 5 each terminate in an apex or cutting edge 4', which cutting edges extend along and border the said groove or valley 5 throughout its length. As clearly seen in Figures 1 and 3, the upper edge 4', that is, the edge nearer the head end of the fastener, is longer than the lower edge 4 that is, the ed e nearer the entering end o the fastener. '`his greater length of the said upper edge 4' expresses itself in the form of an extension beyond the entering end of the lower edge 4 due to the inclination of the thread and the blending of both edges 4 into the root diameter on the same transverse plane of the root diameter, whereby a smooth or unthreaded ortion of the body or root diameter 1 is eft at the entering end providing a pilot 6 adapted to serve as a guide in locating the fastener at the beginning of an operation.

Since the improved fastener is designed and adapted especially for use in metallic work, and particularly relatively thin material, the thread 4 throughout its length is preferably hardened to an extent suicient to enable the thread to enter or cut metal, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without injury to the thread. This hardening may be accomplished by case-hardening the entire fastener Yas by the well known cyaniding process, but it Shoud be borne in mind that the hardened thread is the desired feature, and, therefore, such hardening as may occur to the root diameter or body 1 and to the head 2 is merely incidental and not pre-requisite to the successful use of the fastener. Suilicient hardening of the head 2 and root diameter or body 1 for assuring adequate strength for the operation of the thread as herein described is desirable, although, for most purposes, the material employed for the makin of the fasteners will have sufficient stability without such hardening, and i care should be exercised not to excessively harden the body 1, as a degree of toughness is required sufficient to resist torsional strain and avoid crystallization under such strain.

The fastener is capable of use for many purposes and in various materials, but is especlally well adapted for anchorage in metal, and the metal work ma be possessed of a substantial body or may e of the thin sheet type, and, in either instance, an effective anchorage will be obtained by the use of the fastener.

In Figures 1 and 4 to 7 inclusive, a fastener is illustrated as engaging a sheet of metal 7 having a substantial body for purposes of illustrating the functioning of the grooved or split thread. The fastener, however, is well adapted for anchorage in sheets of metal of any thickness. Fasteners embodying the invention are at present extensively and successfully used for connecting sheet metal of eighteen gauge to sheet metal of fourteen gauge after the manner of connection indicated in Figure 1, the eighteen gauge sheet being the only sheet entered by the threads of the fastener. In said Figure 1 a sheet of material or work 9 is super-posed on a sheet 10, which in turn is superposed on the sheet 7 and while thicknesses have been indicated as considerably exaggerated for purposes of ready disclosure, the method of anchorage remains the same. It will, of course, be understood that this illustrated use of a fastener is not to be accepted in a limiting sense as restricting the uses to which the fastener may be put. The fastener is well adapted for use wherever anchorage is desired either to metal or other hard substances, such as hard rubber, bakelite, fiber-board, or the like. The fastener, however, is especially adapted for use in metal.

It should be understood also that while the sheet 9 and sheet 10, which latter may be of felt, cardboard or the like, have been formed with an aperture .11 sufficiently large to permit the ready and free passage of the main portion of thread or rib 4, the said sheets may be formed with the same character and size of opening as formed in sheet 7, or the fastener may be used for anchorage purposes directly to a mass or body of work Without the presence of other parts of work.

Whether the additional sheets or adjacent parts of work be employed or not, with the form of anchorage device as seen in Figure 1, the work 7 is formed preferably with a bore or hole of a size to readily receive and to snugly t the pilot 6 which guides the entering movement of the screw and keeps the screw at the proper angle to the work as the screw advances.

When the pilot 6 has entered the aperture in the work suiiiciently for the entering termini of the edges 4 to contact with the Work, the fastener or screw is revolved, as by the use of a screw-driver or like instrument engaging the kerf 3, and the said edges 4 enter the metal and form therein spaced grooves which are the beginnings of an internal thread. Owing to the location and form of the upper or longer edge 4, the entered material will be caused to iare upwardly, that is, in the direction of the length of the fastener or screw toward thehead thereof, as clearly indicated in Figure 4. The continued rotation of the screw or fastener causes the entering ends of the edges 4 to pass on through the material of the work and beyond the same (when the work is of relativel thin sheet material), the said edges in passing through the last portions of the material of the work causing said material to flare in the direction of the length of the screw or fastener toward the pilot 6 which has passed beyond the work, so that the material of the work has the effect of having been thickened about the fastener and an additional purchase for the fastener is thus provided. Continued rotation of the fastener or screw causes the material of the engaged work to flow to successive positions, as indiloi lib

cated respectively in Figures 5, 6 and 7. As the thread or rib advances the bottom or base of the valley or groove 5 between the edges 4 outstands more and more and begins to crowd the material of the work lying in the groove outward in a direction away fronrthe axis of the screw. This outward crowding action is also accomplished by a pincher action incident to the fact that the groove grows narrower as it grows less in depth, and the material of the work is thereby causedl to flow into a more compact condition, which. compact condition is indicated by the stippling at 12 in Figures 1, 5, 6 and 7. The material is thus crowded and flowed outward to the very terminus of the split or groove 5 inthe thread or rib 4, and thereafter is entered by thecutting edge of the main portion of said thread or rib 4, so that the material about said thread within the work isin close, firm contact with the thread and offers powerful resistance to accidental dislocation. At the same time, it should be observed that because of the taper of the entering portion of thread 4, that is the portion provided with the groove 5, the said entering portion finds its Way with relative ease and only a comparatively small amount of exerted energy to the final position for the ready admission of the main portion of the thread or rib 4.

It is to be understood, of course, that the f fastener is adapted for all kinds of work as Well in material of unlimited thickness as thin sheet material and is capable of quite a'wide range of variations in details, such as the proportions of the parts, the depth and length of the splitor groove 5, the length of the pilot 6, and other obvious features. Also it will be noted that the screw may be provided With an entering point, as'seen at 13 in Figure 8, in which the parts, aside from the entering point, are identical with those above described and the same reference numerals have been used and the same description will apply. The entering point 13 may Ahave any taper desired.

While the present invention is particularly designed for and especially well adapted to archorage in metallic work, it is also effec- Lively useful as a fastener in and for work of Wood, especially hard wood, and other fibrous and non-flowing materials, hard rubber, and the like. It has been found particularly Well adapted for use as a lag screw, as seen in Figure 9, in which the same reference numerals have been applied and the same description Will apply, except that the head is designated as 2, since the head of the screw` is squared to receive a rotating instrument. When the screw, as seen in Figure 9, is being used in Wood, hard rubber, or the like, the work is drilled or otherwise formed with an aperture proportioned to snugly receive the pilot of the screw. The tapered point serves principally to center the screw quickly and easily for the entrance of the pi1ot,.and the thread takes hold immediately upon rotation of the screw. The advance of the screw, in-

cident to rotation, effects the formation of a 'thread in the material engaged with vthe least possible tendency toward cracking or splitting the material and a much more reliable and effective anchorage is thus accomplished than may be secured by the use of the ordinary commercial lag screw. In utilizing the present invention no hammering of the screw is required as is customary with the ordinary lag screw.

Those embodiments disclosed herein and claimed generically but not specifically because of the specific claiming in this case of the form of fastener whose body is of uniform and the same cross section throughout its length, are reserved for specific claiming in my co-pending applications designated respectively Serial No. 277,607, filed May 14, 1928, and Serial No. 461,761, iiled June 17, 1930, the latter as a continuation in part of Serial N o. 282,732` filed June 4, 1928.

lVhat is claimed is I,

1. A fastener adapted for use yin metal Work comprising a body having a rib outstanding along the body and grooved longitudinally, providing a longitudinally-extending exposed entering edge at one side of they groove, the groove tapering along the rib.

2. A fastener adapted for use in metal Work comprising a bodyhaving a rib outstanding along the body and grooved longitudinally, providing longitudinally-extending exposed entering edges at the sides of the groove, the groove tapering along the rib.

3. A fastener adapted for use in metal work comprising a body having a rib outstanding along the body and grooved longitudinally, providing a longitudinally-extending exposed entering edge at one side of the groove, the groove tapering along the rib and the groove extending to the entering end of the rib.

4. A fastener adapted for use in metal work comprising a body having a rib outstanding along the body and grooved longitudinally, providing a longitudinally-extending exposed entering edge at one side of the groove, the groove tapering along the rib and the groove extending to the entering end of therib, and the groove also having its maximum cross sectional area substantially at the entering end of the rib.

5. A fastener adapted for use in metal work comprising a. body having a rib outstanding along the body and grooved longitudinally, providing a longitudinally-extending exposed entering edge at one side of the groove, the groove tapering along the rib 'to exgiaustion short of the full length of the r1 6. A fastener adapted for use in metal work comprisin a body having a rib outstandin along t e body and grooved longitudinal y, providing a longitudinally-extending exposed entering edge at one side of the groove, the groove tapering along the rib to exhaustion short of the full length of the rib, and the rib tapering to exhaustion substantially at the entering end of the rib.

7. A fastener adapted for use in metal work comprising a body having a rib outstanding along the body and formed with a tapering entering portion, the rib having a groove along the median line of its tapering portion and correspondingly and inversely tapering and leaving an entering edge outstanding along one side of the groove.

8. A fastener adapted for use in metal work comprising a body having a rib out-- standing along the body and formed with a tapering entering portion, the rib having a groove along the median line of its tapering portion and correspondingly and inversely tapering from the entering end of the rib and leaving y outstanding entering edges along the groove, said edges terminating at the entering end of the rib in substantially the same transverse plane of the fas-tener at substantially right angles to the longitudinal axis of the fastener.

9. A fastener adapted for use in metal Work comprising a body having a thread outstanding along the body and grooved longitudinally, providing a longitudinallyextending exposed entering edge at one side 'of the groove, the groove tapering along the thread. Y

10. A. fastener adapted for use in metal work comprising a body having a rib out standing along the body and ooved longitudinally, providing a longitu inally-extending exposed entering edge at one side of the groove, the groove taperin along the rib, and the body being of substantially constant cross section throughout its length.

11. A fastener adapted for use in metal work comprising a body of uniform and the same cross section throughout its length, and

yhaving a rib outstanding along the body and grooved longitudinally, providing a longitutudinally-extending exposed entering edge at one slde of the groove, the groove tapering along the rib.

12. A fastener adapted for use in metal work comprising a body having a thread spiraling about and along the body and grooved longitudinally, providing a longitudinallyextending exposed entering edge at one side of the groove, the groove tapering along the body, and the thread being continuous and uninterru ted throughout its length.

13. A fastener or metal sheeting comprising a pin-like body and a thread outstandtering ed e.

A astener for metal sheetin comprising a pin-like body of substantiay uni form cross section throughout its length including its entering end portion, and a thread outstanding from the body and having an outwardly presented entering edge, said thread having a longitudinal groove extending from the entering end of the thread along the thread and terminating short of the full length of the thread, and the thread being hardened sufficiently for enterin metal, such as soft iron or soft steel, su stantially without injury to the thread, the ortions of the thread along the margins o the groove each having an outstanding entering edge, and the entering end of the thread being spaced from the entering end of the pinlike body for leaving a projecting pilot portion.

In testimon whereof I aiiix my signature.

{IEYMAN ROSENBERG.