EP2538932A2 - Utilisation d'huile essentielle d'origan ou de bois de rose dans le traitement des keratoses actiniques - Google Patents
Utilisation d'huile essentielle d'origan ou de bois de rose dans le traitement des keratoses actiniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2538932A2 EP2538932A2 EP11713497A EP11713497A EP2538932A2 EP 2538932 A2 EP2538932 A2 EP 2538932A2 EP 11713497 A EP11713497 A EP 11713497A EP 11713497 A EP11713497 A EP 11713497A EP 2538932 A2 EP2538932 A2 EP 2538932A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- essential oil
- cells
- treatment
- rosewood
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/54—Lauraceae (Laurel family), e.g. cinnamon or sassafras
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K31/05—Phenols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/12—Keratolytics, e.g. wart or anti-corn preparations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the present invention is in the cosmetic field, and more particularly relates to the skin. It is more generally part of the prevention and targeted treatment of actinic keratoses.
- keratoses appear as areas of epithelial dysplasia found in areas of the body frequently exposed to the sun, and are often associated with photo-aging. The majority of these keratoses regress spontaneously (Ortonne, J. P. 2002). In addition, keratoses have an unsightly appearance that can cause affected people to seek their treatment for disposal, for aesthetic reasons.
- actinic keratoses often consist of keratinocytes carrying mutations in the p53 gene (Taguchi, M. et al., 1994).
- the gene encoding the p53 protein is commonly damaged by UV and, in some cases, mutations, including CC to TT mutations.
- the cells thus mutated can lose the specific UV response controlled by the p53 protein: the repair is then less effective and the presence of damage to the DNA no longer leads to proliferation arrest: the replication can take place in the presence of lesions, thus increasing the risk of errors (mutations) and ultimately leading to high genetic instability.
- mutated cells enter the apoptosis process less easily, they end up showing a growth advantage over normal cells. This process of clonal expansion of abnormal cells creates precancerous patches in affected organs
- HaCat cells carrying mutations in the p53 gene.
- HaCat line that was initially described by Fusenig et al. (Fusenig, NE et al., 1998) and is nowadays very frequently implemented in various dermatology research laboratories.
- HaCat cells were integrated in an organotypic model of skin in the presence of normal keratinocytes: in such a system, it was possible to mimic the promoter effects of the sun exposure by showing the capacity of UVB to stimulate the skin.
- Clonal expansion of HaCat cells (Mudgil, AV et al., 2003) mutated to p53.
- HaCat cells exposed to UVA and reimplanted in mice have been reported to cause skin tumors (Wischermann, K. et al. 2008).
- the work described hereinafter consisted in comparing and understanding the cytotoxic effect of essential oils on normal human keratinocytes, on HaCat keratinocytes (carrying a mutation in p53) and on keratinocytes immortalized carcinoma.
- apotent cell death preferentially in cells presenting disorders of proliferation and differentiation, while maintaining the integrity of healthy cells would be an effective treatment against lesions of the actinic keratoses type.
- Apoptosis is a complex process that may have various origins, but it is now established that mitochondria play an important role.
- Different molecular signals such as the Bcl2 / Bax equilibrium with the possible concurrence of p53, are able to modify the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane and promote the release of cytochrome C into the cytosol. This process can initiate the activation of the caspase pathway, enzymes responsible for the degradation of certain intracellular compounds, which irreversibly leads to apoptosis (Gogvadze et al., 2008).
- the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane allows the release of different prooxidant mitochondrial molecules into the cytosol, allowing the induction of apoptosis.
- Essential oils (HE) and their by-products are currently enjoying significant success with consumers.
- This particular attraction for products of natural origin (agri-food, cosmetology, pharmacology ...) or resulting from the concept of naturalness, is the consequence of a general demand for products resulting from sustainable development type production (green chemistry , Organic agriculture).
- This interest in naturalness and its products of alternative medicine also finds its origin in the limits reached by treatments of classical medicine (viral resistance, bacterial, cancer treatment ).
- the absence of side effects too important, in the framework of well-managed and reasoned aromatherapy treatments is a major asset for the use of essential oils.
- Essential oils are complex volatile products with a strong odor, characteristic of the part of the plant used for its manufacture. Of the approximately 800 000 listed plant species, only aromatic plants are used to obtain essential oils. These are plants with enough cells synthesizing and secreting these aromatic molecules, or about 3000 plants of biological interest. About 300 essential oils make up the bulk of the essential oils marketed.
- Essential oils are a complex mixture of secondary metabolites (molecules that are not essential for the survival of the plant) synthesized and secreted by specialized organs: epidermal glandular hairs, pouches and glandular canals (schizogens or schizolysigenes). These secondary metabolites are represented by a very large diversity of chemical molecules. The most common are terpenes (mono-, sesqui- and diterpene: C10, C15 and C20 respectively) and other aromatic molecules (cyclic molecules). All the chemical functions are present in the essential oils: aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, peroxides, lactones, ethers, esters ...
- Essential oils are obtained after hydro-distillation of the plant material of the aromatic plant.
- extraction methods are used, among which supercritical C0 2 extraction and solvent extraction.
- Essential oils have a recognized cosmetic and therapeutic potential, and are mainly used for their bactericidal, virucidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, but also for their odor, which can generate a sense of well-being.
- Several ways of using essential oils are possible: inhalation, ingestion or skin application. Pure essential oils are almost never applied directly to the skin because they are often irritating, but diluted in other vegetable oils (olive oil, sunflower oil ).
- a cutaneous application is performed as part of massages, local treatments (infections) or when using perfumes (major constituents).
- essential oils are also used in the context of certain antibiotic treatments, for their ability to increase their effectiveness, or to fight against respiratory tract infections.
- Some studies show anti-cancer and / or anti-proliferative properties of essential oils vis-à-vis certain cancer lines.
- recent work has shown potentially anti-carcinogenic or antiproliferative activities of certain essential oils on leukemic cell lines (Kumar, A. et al., 2008), (Verma, M.
- keratinocytes the cytotoxicity of some HE has been studied with respect to the p53-mutated HaCat keratinocyte line (Koba K. et al., 2009) or the SVK14 keratinocyte line (Itharat, A. et al., 2004). .
- the invention relates, in general, to any essential oil or one of its constituents, for cosmetic use, in the targeted prevention or treatment of keratoses, and more specifically actinic keratoses.
- the invention relates more particularly to any essential oil extracted from the different parts (roots, stems, bark, leaves) of plants of the family Oregano (Lamiaceae) or Rosewood (Lauraceae), as well as any essential oil containing the least one of the compounds identified in the essential oils of compact oregano and rosewood. Even more preferentially, the invention relates to the essential oil of Origanum compactum and that of Aniba rosaeodora, as well as linalool, thymol and carvacrol.
- essential oils of very different molecular compositions namely the compact Oregano essential oil (Origanum compactum, Lamiaceae family) and the essential oil of Rosewood ( Aniba rosaeodora, Lauraceae family), can induce apoptotic cell death in targeted human and precancerous keratinocytes (p53 mutated) compared with normal keratinocytes.
- compositions of these two essential oils being very different from a chemical point of view, and the majority constituents also, the effects obtained for these two essential oils can therefore be considered as representative of the effects obtained with any essential oil or their constituents.
- any composition containing an essential oil can therefore be used to prevent, treat and reduce actinic keratoses known to be formed very often from keratinocytes carrying UV-induced mutations in the p53 gene.
- This treatment also has the advantage of not generating inflammation, apoptosis not being a pro-inflammatory process.
- the invention relates more specifically to various cosmetic applications of compositions comprising an essential oil, in the prevention or treatment of actinic keratoses.
- the cosmetic applications according to the invention are preferentially for the human being.
- said cosmetic applications or methods are preferably without any therapeutic aim.
- Cosmetic applications are treatments intended to modify the appearance of the skin, its aesthetic properties, without a therapeutic or prophylactic aim, ie a doctor would not recommend such treatment, aimed solely at the aesthetic modification of the skin.
- the keratoses to be treated are benign, devoid of tumor cells, in particular they are not in the process of transformation. In this situation indeed, a doctor would not recommend the excision of keratoses for therapeutic reasons, given the significant percentage of keratoses that disappear naturally over time, without entering the transformation phase.
- the keratoses considered are preferably of small size, and do not present any danger of cancerization in the short or medium term.
- keratosis or keratoderma or hyperkeratosis
- hyperplasia of the epidermal stratum corneum stratum corneum
- actinic keratosis or solar keratosis reference is made to keratosis induced by exposure to solar radiation.
- keratoses that are particularly preferred for cosmetic applications are actinic keratoses.
- actinic keratoses is meant lesions devoid of tumor cells.
- the keratoses and actinic keratoses considered may be constituted or comprise predominantly p53 mutated cells.
- the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising an essential oil or at least one of its constituents, for a cosmetic application in the prevention or treatment of keratoses.
- the keratoses considered are in particular devoid of tumor cells.
- it is a major constituent of an essential oil.
- Majority or predominant constituent of an essential oil means either a constituent whose proportion within this essential oil is greater than 10% by mass, ie one of the five constituents whose mass proportion is the highest within this essential oil.
- a majority or predominant component is one of the 5 constituents most represented, by mass, within the essential oil.
- Treatment of keratoses means in particular an effect such that existing keratoses stop their growth and regress or even disappear entirely.
- the prevention or treatment of keratoses is particularly appropriate in the case of skin that has been subjected to high UV exposure or repeated UV exposure.
- the present invention particularly envisages the use as after sun care.
- the prevention may also apply to the skin before sun exposure, especially before high exposures, to prevent the development of keratosis, after prior verification of the non-phototoxicity of the compositions or essential oils used.
- the prevention or the treatment of keratoses, in a cosmetic application according to the invention is also particularly suitable in the case of keratoses in the development phase, that is to say that the keratoses are already present on the skin and that they grow.
- the use according to the invention makes it possible to stop the growth of keratoses and to reduce their size, until complete disappearance, if necessary.
- the essential oil has, in a concentration window, a targeted action against precancerous cells (mutated to p53 mimicking cells derived from actinic keratosis), which can be hyperproliferative; normal cells are little affected by cytotoxicity. It is therefore possible to treat the entire skin of an individual without any deleterious effect for normal keratinocytes. This quality is particularly appreciable in the context of a cosmetic application. It should be noted that the inventors are indeed the first to have carried out a comparative study of the impacts of essential oils on keratinocytes mutated in p53 and on normal keratinocytes.
- the present invention therefore allows prevention or targeted treatment of keratoses, that is to say a lower toxicity of this treatment vis-à-vis normal cells, including normal keratinocytes, surrounding the keratosis.
- the term "targeted cytotoxicity” is intended to mean that the cytotoxicity property is preferentially induced in hyperproliferative and / or p53 mutated cells (for example HaCat and A431) as compared with non-hyperproliferative, non-mutated cells.
- p53 eg HEK001 and NHEK894
- the toxicity levels are at least 1.5 times higher in the mutated cells than in the non-mutated cells, preferably at least 2-fold higher.
- the viability of non-hyperproliferative, non-mutated cells remains of the order of at least 40%, or even 50%, preferably 60%.
- the inventors have in fact demonstrated the existence of ranges of concentrations at which such targeted cytotoxicity, sparing healthy cells, could be obtained.
- the preventive cosmetic treatment according to the invention is safe for healthy cells not mutated in p53. Therefore, the treatment may for example be renewed before or after each exposure to the sun.
- the essential oil in question or the constituent of essential oil considered, constitutes the active principle of the composition, or one of the active ingredients, because the inventors have demonstrated the cytotoxicity targeted essential oils and their constituents against mutated keratinocytes representative of keratinocytes derived from keratoses.
- the essential oil contains at least one of the constituents of the essential oils of Origanum compactum or Aniba rosaeodora, preferably it comprises at least 10%, or at least 15 or 20% mass of linalool, carvacrol or thymol.
- it is a composition comprising an essential oil or a mixture of oils such as the essential oil or the mixture comprises said proportions of linalool, carvacrol or thymol.
- the invention also relates to compositions wherein said percentages correspond to chromatographic percentages.
- the cytotoxicity of two essential oils has been studied more particularly: the compact Oregano essential oil (Origanum compactum, Lamiaceae family) and the rosewood essential oil (Aniba rosaeodora, family Lauraceae) on human epidermal cells: the keratinocyte HaCat line (mutated in p53 and spontaneously immortalized), the A431 line (resulting from a squamous cell carcinoma, mutated in p53) as well as on normal human primary epidermal keratinocytes.
- the compact Oregano essential oil consists mainly of two monophenols (terpenoids): thymol and carvacrol. This essential oil is recommended for the treatment of colitis and pulmonary disorders. It helps fight against fatigue but is especially a powerful bactericide broad spectrum.
- Rosewood essential oil is 80% linalool. Its properties are used to treat irritated, tired and wrinkled skin. She is also anti infectious (less powerful than Oregano essential oil), immunostimulant and tends to improve depressive behavior. It is very weakly irritating and weakly toxic.
- the present invention preferably relates to the use of compositions comprising Origanum compactum and / or Aniba rosaeodora essential oil.
- the use relates more specifically to at least one constituent of an essential oil, preferably at least one of the constituents of the essential oils of Origanum compactum or Aniba rosaeodora.
- these two essential oils and their constituents are indeed preferred in the context of the present invention, for the reasons mentioned above.
- Example 1 of the present application provides an analytical characterization of the various constituents detected.
- the constituent of an essential oil which is used is not linalool oxide, preferably not even an oxide.
- the component used is an alcohol or a phenol, more preferably a terpenol or terpene alcohol, such as linalool, terpineol, nerol, geraniol, citronellol, or menthanol, or a terpenoid such as citral, menthol, carvacrol or thymol, other terpenes also contemplated are p-cymene, terpinene, myrcene and caryophyllene beta. Particularly preferred components are linalool, carvacrol and thymol.
- the constituent is chosen from 1, 8-cineole, terpinolene, linalool, alpha-terpineol, geraniol, alpha-copaene, alpha and beta-selinene, benzyl benzoate, alpha-thujene, alpha pinene, myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpinene, paracymene, beta-phellandrene, gamma- terpinene, thymol, carvacrol and beta-caryophyllene.
- these are the constituents of one or other of the two essential oils of oregano and rosewood, the proportion of which in the volatile part of the oil is greater than 0.5% (in percentages chromatographic).
- an essential oil comprising at least 0.5% by mass or in chromatographic percentages, preferably at least 1% or even 5%, of at least 1% by weight.
- one of the following components 1,8-cineole, terpinolene, linalool, alpha-terpineol, geraniol, alpha-copaene, alpha and beta-selinene, benzyl benzoate, alpha-thujene, alpha pinene, myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpinene, paracymene, beta- phellandrene, gamma-terpinene, thymol, carvacrol and beta-caryophyllene.
- it is a chromatographic percentage, applying to the volatile part of the essential oil.
- linalool the majority of the essential oil of rosewood, and for thymol and carvacrol, two major components of the essential oil of oregano.
- the invention also relates to the use of an essential oil comprising at least one of the following constituents: linalool, thymol and carvacrol.
- an essential oil comprising at least one of the following constituents: linalool, thymol and carvacrol.
- at least one of these components is present in a proportion greater than 0.5%, preferably greater than 1%, 5% or even 10%, 15% or 20% by weight. Alternatively, it may be chromatographic percentages.
- an essential oil is, for example, the essential oil of thyme, wild thyme or savory (high level of thymol or carvacrol) or the essential oil of basil, thyme (linalool, Thymus vulgaris linaloliferum), lavender or Shiu wood (also called Ho wood).
- the present invention particularly relates to the cosmetic use of compositions comprising at least 10%, preferably at least 15% or at least 20% of one of the following constituents: linalool, carvacrol and thymol.
- compositions also envisaged are such that the cumulative content of linalool, carvacrol and thymol is greater than 10%, preferably greater than 15%, or even greater than 20% by weight. Alternatively, it may be chromatographic percentages.
- the component used in cosmetic applications is chosen from alpha pinene, camphene, myrcene, alpha terpinene, paracymene and trans-ocimene.
- gamma-terpinene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and caryophyllene oxide are in fact the components that are common to the two essential oils that are particularly preferred in the context of the present invention, namely the essential oil of oregano and the essential oil of rosewood.
- the invention also relates to the use of an essential oil comprising at least one of the following components: alpha pinene, camphene, myrcene, alpha terpinene, paracymene, trans-ocimene, gamma-terpinene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and caryophyllene oxide.
- an essential oil comprising at least one of the following components: alpha pinene, camphene, myrcene, alpha terpinene, paracymene, trans-ocimene, gamma-terpinene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and caryophyllene oxide.
- at least one of these components is present in greater than 0.5%, preferably greater than 1%, 5% or even 10%, 15% or 20% by weight. Alternatively, it may be chromat
- the essential oil or the constituent of essential oil is extracted from plants of the family Lamiaceae or Lauraceae.
- the essential oil or its constituent is extracted from plants from one of the following botanical genera, of the Lamiaceae family: Origanum, Acinos, Agastache, Ajuga, Calamintha, Glechoma, Hyssopus, Lamium, Lavandula, Leonurus, Lycopus, Melissa, Melittis, Mentha, Micromeria, Monarda, Ocimum, Orthosiphon, Perilla, Perovskia, Phlomis, Physostegia, Pogostemon, Prostanthera, Prunella, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Satureja, Scutellaria, Slderitis, Solenostemon, Stachys, Teucrium and Thymus.
- it is the genus Origanum.
- the essential oil or the constituent is extracted from oregano, lavender, mint, rosemary, savory, sage, thyme, spotted sawdust, ballot, bugle, basil, hyssop, marjoram, cutworm, ground ivy, betony, brunelle, wild thyme or lemon balm.
- the essential oil or the constituent of essential oil is extracted from plants from one of the following botanical genera, from the Lauraceae family: Aniba, Cinnamomum, Laurus, Persea, Ravensara or Umbellularia.
- it is the genus Aniba.
- the essential oil or the constituent of essential oil is extracted from rosewood, cinnamon, laurel, horseradish (ravensare), camphor tree or avocado.
- an essential oil or a constituent of an essential oil which is capable of generating an endogenous prooxidant situation, which occurs specifically in mutated keratinocytes.
- Essential oils with this property include the essential oil of compact oregano and essential oil of rosewood. Results in this sense are presented in Example 2 of the experimental part. Detailed molecular analysis in the experimental section shows that these essential oils cause a destabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and release of reactive oxygen species, at the origin of the targeted cytotoxicity to the p53 mutated cells.
- the essential oil or the constituent of essential oil which is used according to the invention can be extracted from the roots, stems, bark or leaves of said plant.
- Well-known techniques are currently known for the extraction of essential oils, including cold extraction which consists of subjecting the plant substance to a high pressure using a hydraulic press, the steam drive, which consists of to form water vapor which crosses the vegetables and carries with it the aromatic molecules, and the dry distillation.
- the essential oil obtained by distillation is a vegetable essence modified by oxidation and hydrolysis phenomenon. A controlled temperature and a low pressure are essential to maintain an aromatic quality and a chemical composition as close as possible to the vegetable essence that one seeks to extract.
- Most essential oils are obtained by distillation and steam distillation (hydro-distillation).
- an essential oil or an essential oil component in combination with other compounds.
- the other compounds may in particular be vegetable oils.
- vegetable oils that are particularly preferred in combination with the essential oils according to the invention, or their constituents, mention may be made of grape seed oil, sweet almond oil, but also hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, sunflower oil and olive oil.
- the essential oil or the constituent of essential oil can be used in combination with a sunscreen, or in combination with a moisturizing solution or a vegetable oil, or with both.
- It may also be a combination of at least two distinct essential oils, for example an essential oil extracted from a plant of the Lamiaceae family and an essential oil extracted from a plant of the Lauraceae family. It may also be a combination comprising an essential oil of a plant with a constituent of this same essential oil, which leads to modifying the natural proportions of the various constituents of said essential oil, for example it is possible to use Origanum compactum essential oil in combination with thymol or carvacrol; or the essential oil of Aniba rosaeodora in combination with linalool.
- it may be a combination comprising an essential oil of a plant with a constituent from another essential oil, extracted from a different plant, including Origanum compactum essential oil in combination with linalool; or Aniba rosaeodora essential oil in combination with thymol or carvacrol.
- the inventors have demonstrated the existence of a specific range of concentration of essential oil, or constituent of essential oil, for which the cytotoxicity is specifically targeted on the p53 mutated cells, as opposed to normal cells, and more particularly on keratinocytes mutated in p53 compared to normal keratinocytes.
- the cosmetic uses contemplated in the context of the present invention are preferably uses in the concentration range allowing targeted cytotoxicity to hyperproliferative and / or p53 mutated cells and ensuring viability of at least 40%, or even at least 50 or 60% of normal non-mutated cells.
- the implementation of the detailed protocols in Examples 2 and 3 of the experimental section allows the skilled person to determine the appropriate concentration ranges for any essential oil or one of its components.
- the inventors have shown (see Example 4) that the said concentration ranges are: from 0.0125% to 0.0175% for the Oregano essential oil and from 0.035% to 0.045% for the Oregano essential oil.
- essential oil of rosewood in order to obtain a targeted cytotoxicity in the cells mutated in p53.
- composition according to the invention can in particular adapt the composition according to the invention in the form of a patch to guarantee an implementation. prolonged contact. It is also possible to recommend repeated applications, for example every 24h for a week or for a month or more.
- the various cosmetic uses within the meaning of the invention are intended for uses under conditions such that they induce preferential cytotoxicity in keratinocytes derived from or mimicking an actinic keratosis-like lesion, in particular mutated in p53, compared to normal keratinocytes. or not hyperproliferative.
- the uses mentioned are mainly envisaged for topical and cutaneous applications. This is indeed the mode of administration which ensures not only the best efficiency, but also a better targeting of the cells to be treated.
- a formulation in the form of a patch is particularly preferred.
- Other modes of administration are possible, such as ingestion and inhalation.
- a composition used in the context of the present invention comprises a concentration of essential oil or essential oil component of about 0.03% to 0.15%, preferably about 0.03% to 0.1%. % Oregano essential oil, or about 0.06% to 0.15% rosewood essential oil, for cutaneous application.
- compositions according to the invention can be formulated in the form of milk, for example as solar milk, in the form of an ointment or in the form of an oil.
- the selected essential oil or one of its constituents will be formulated in combination with a vegetable oil, in particular to allow its dilution and thus reduce its possible irritating effect.
- the present invention also relates to any cosmetic use of an essential oil or one of its constituents, preferably a majority, in the targeted treatment or prevention of unsightly areas of the skin due to hyper-proliferation of dermal or epidermal cells, for example due to hyperproliferation of melanocytes, especially in the context of naevi, or unsightly areas in the context of scars.
- a subject that can be treated by the cosmetic methods according to the invention is a human being, man or woman, whatever his age. Preferably, it is an adult, but the invention is not limited to adults and also includes the treatment of adolescents, preferably over 15 years, for the various cosmetic applications envisaged.
- the present invention also relates to various cosmetic methods, in particular cosmetic methods for the prevention or treatment of actinic keratoses, comprising the application to the skin of at least one essential oil or one of its constituents. These methods are purely cosmetic and are intended only to modify the aesthetic appearance of the skin. Said keratoses may be devoid of tumor cells.
- essential oils or components of essential oils that are particularly preferred are extracted from plants of the family Lamiaceae or Lauraceae.
- it is an essential oil extracted from Origanum compactum or Aniba rosaeodora, or one of the constituents of these essential oils. Said constituents are listed in Example 1 of the experimental part.
- Components that are perfectly adapted in the context of the cosmetic methods of the invention are in particular linalool, carvacrol and thymol.
- preventive or treatment of keratoses are also envisaged for a purpose not only aesthetic cosmetic, but also prophylactic, if the evolution of keratosis to a pre-cancerous lesion is suspected or contemplated, for example because of family precedents or the same subject.
- the present invention is also directed to therapeutic applications of the previously described compositions comprising an essential oil or at least one of its constituents, preferably a major constituent. More particularly, according to this aspect, the invention relates to a composition comprising an essential oil or at least one of its constituents, for a therapeutic use in the prevention or targeted treatment of keratoses, preferably in humans. Said keratoses are essentially actinic keratoses, devoid of tumor cells.
- the essential oil contains at least one of the essential oils components of Origanum compactum and Aniba rosaeodora, preferably it is thymol, carvacrol and / or or linalool.
- the invention relates in particular to a composition comprising a component of the essential oil of Origanum compactum or Aniba rosaeodora, for use therapeutic in the prevention, or targeted treatment of keratoses.
- This component is preferably not an oxide, especially not a linalool oxide.
- the constituent is selected from 1, 8-cineole, terpinolene, linalool, alpha-terpineol, geraniol, alpha-copaene, alpha and beta-selinene, benzyl benzoate, alpha-thujene, alpha pinene, myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpinene, paracymene, beta-phellandrene, gamma-terpinene, thymol, carvacrol and beta-caryophyllene.
- the component is selected from linalool, thymol and carvacrol.
- the present invention particularly relates to compositions comprising at least 10%, preferably at least 15% or at least 20% by weight of one of the following constituents: linalool, carvacrol and thymol.
- Other compositions also envisaged are such that the cumulative content of linalool, carvacrol and thymol is greater than 10%, preferably greater than 15%, or even greater than 20% by weight. Alternatively, it may be chromatographic percentages.
- the present invention relates more particularly to compositions comprising an essential oil or one of its constituents, or said essential oil is extracted from plants of the Lamiaceae or Lauraceae family.
- compositions comprising an essential oil or one of its constituents, or said essential oil is extracted from plants of the Lamiaceae or Lauraceae family.
- Origanum Acinos, Agastache, Ajuga, Calamintha, Glechoma, Hyssopus, Lamium, Lavandula, Leonurus, Lycopus, Melissa, Melittis, Mentha, Micromeria, Monarda, Ocimum, Orthosiphon, Peri Ha, Perovskia, Phlomis, Physostegia, Pogostemon, Prostanthera, Prunella, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Satureja, Scutellaria, Slderitis, Solenostemon, Stachys, Teucrium and Thymus.
- the genus Origanum is particularly preferred.
- the present invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising an essential oil or one of its constituents, preferably one of its majority constituents, wherein said oil or said constituent is extracted from oregano, lavender, mint, rosemary, savory, sage, thyme, spotted slime, ballot, bugle, basil, hyssop, marjoram, duckweed, ground ivy, betony, brunelle , wild thyme or lemon balm.
- the composition comprises an essential oil or one of its constituents, preferably a majority, which is extracted from the Origanum compactum species.
- the present invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising an essential oil or one of its constituents, preferably one of its majority constituents, wherein said oil or said constituent is extracted from rosewood, cinnamon, laurel, horseradish (ravensare), camphor tree or avocado.
- the composition comprises an essential oil or one of its constituents, preferably a majority, which is extracted from the species Aniba rosaeodora.
- composition comprising the essential oil or one of its constituents is preferably used in combination with other compounds, in particular therapeutically acceptable excipients or vegetable oils.
- Particularly preferred additional compounds have already been described with the other aspects of the invention and are applicable to therapeutic uses.
- topical application of the composition is also envisaged as in purely cosmetic applications.
- the keratoses are actinic keratoses.
- the preferred concentration ranges of essential oil or essential oil component are also those which provide targeted cytotoxicity while preserving the viability of non-mutated healthy cells, as described for other aspects of the invention.
- compositions according to the present invention are preferably such that they can be used to induce preferential cytotoxicity in keratinocytes derived from or mimicking a p53 -mediated actinic keratosis lesion relative to normal and / or non-hyperproliferative keratinocytes.
- FIG. 3 represents the measurement of cell viability (MTT test) on ⁇ g-treated A431, HaCat and NHEK cells.
- the double line ( ⁇ ) corresponds to the 50% lethal dose (LD50).
- FIG. 4 represents the measurement of cell viability (MTT test) on cells
- FIG. 5 represents the measurement of apoptosis (AV / PI test), in A431 cells,
- FIG. 6 represents the measurement of the fluorescence (caspase activity) by flow cytometry. Unlabelled cells, untreated labeled cells, and treated (HE) and labeled cells are labeled.
- FIG. 7 represents the measurement of the fluorescence (caspase activity) by fluorescence microscopy.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the quantification of the number of A431 and HEK 001 cells (unmutated keratinocytes) having undergone a fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential after 6 h of Oregano and Rosewood HE treatment.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the detection of oxidative stress induced after 4h of incubation with Oregano and Rosewood EO in cells A431, HaCat and NHEK 894, by measurement (flow cytometry) of fluorescence the DHR 123 probe.
- FIG. 10 represents the measurement of apoptosis (AV / PI test), in the cells A431 and HEK001 (non-mutated immortalized keratinocytes), after 12 hours of treatment with the following constituents of essential oils: linalool, carvacrol and thymol.
- Example 1 Analytical study of essential oils (OO) of oregano and rosewood.
- the choice to study Oregano was determined by the work of Dr. Averbeck's laboratory, which showed an anti-genotoxic activity of this HE in yeast (Bakkali, F. et al., 2006).
- Rosewood HE was chosen for its beneficial properties on the skin.
- the present example concerns the characterization of the volatile part of 2 organic HE purchased commercially: an essential oil of rosewood and an essential oil of oregano.
- the applied methodology involves a GC-MS analysis, on 2 columns of different polarity (apolar column OV1 and polar column VF WAX). Material and method
- capillary column VF WAX capillary column VF WAX, Length 60m, internal diameter 0.25mm, film: 0.25 ⁇ .
- the identification of the molecules is carried out using libraries of mass spectra specific to perfumes.
- the sensitivity of the devices made it possible to quantify compounds for which the relative percentage is greater than or equal to 0.001%.
- composition Composition Composition
- EPOXY LINALOL 2 TRANS 7 EPI ALPHA EUDESMOL 0.12 LINALOL OXIDE 0.25
- the compounds present in greater quantity in ⁇ , after linalool, are alpha terpineol (4.52%), cis linalool oxide (1.90%), geraniol (1.47%), trans linalool oxide (1.28%) and alpha-copaene (1.15%).
- the minor compound is benzyl alcohol (0.01%).
- the percentages by weight of the majority compounds of the essential oil of rosewood are the following:
- Oregano essential oil isoegano essential oil
- composition table 2 (in chromatographic percentages) for ⁇ oregano is shown below:
- the major compounds of ⁇ are carvacrol (38.61%), thymol (20.23%), terpinene gamma (15.45%) and paracymene (12.65%).
- alpha pinene There are 12 molecules common between ⁇ oregano and ⁇ rosewood: alpha pinene, camphene, myrcene, alpha terpinene, paracymene, trans ocimene, terpinene gamma, linalool, terpinenol 4, caryophyllene beta, alpha humulene, caryophyllene oyde. These compounds are mainly terpenes.
- the percentages by weight of the majority compounds of Oregano essential oil are as follows:
- each HE was determined by GC analysis (see Tables 1 and 2). The observation of the chemical composition of each HE reveals a very clear qualitative difference if we consider the number of major compounds. Although rosewood HE has a greater number of different chemical molecules (about 62), it has a very major compound: linalool, present at more than 78% of the fraction analyzed. On the contrary, the Oregano HE, in its 20 identified molecules, shows four major molecules: carvacrol (38%), thymol (20%), terpinene gamma (15%) and paracymene (12%). As such, the EO of Rosewood is called “mono-molecular” and the Origan HE called “poly-molecular". It should also be noted that Oregano's EO is mainly composed of mono-phenol (carvacrol and thymol), whereas Rosewood EO mainly consists of terpene alcohol (linalool).
- the cytotoxicity of two EOs has been studied in particular: the Ore of compact oregano (Origanum compactum, family of Lamiaceae) and the EO of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora, family Lauraceae) on cells human epidermis: the keratinocyte HaCat line (mutated in p53 and spontaneously immortalized), the A431 line (resulting from a squamous cell carcinoma) as well as on normal human primary epidermal keratinocytes.
- the inventors compared the cytotoxic effect of the essential oils on normal keratinocytes, precancerous (HaCat) and cancerous mutated keratinocytes (A431).
- the cell viability is determined by the MTT test after a treatment of 4h and 20h by different concentrations of HE. This test (MTT) is based on the mitochondrial enzymatic activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Each point of viability is represented by three independent experiments (NHEK: normal human keratinocytes "Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocyte”). Figures 1 and 2 indicate that:
- NHEK normal cells
- A431 cancer cells
- HaCat precancerous mutated
- the cytotoxicity profile is identical between the A431 and HaCat cells, after 4 hours of treatment (with Oregano and Rosewood HE).
- Figures 3 and 4 confirm that this difference in toxicity between A431 / HaCat cells and NHEK cells is retained after 20 hours of treatment, although at this time a difference in sensitivity is observed between HaCat cells and A431.
- Apoptosis is defined by the induction of characteristic biochemical events leading to programmed cell death. These characteristic events are, for example, the translocation of a particular membrane phospholipid (phosphatidylserine) of the internal plasma membrane or the activation of certain proteases (caspases) involved in this process of protein degradation leading to cell death.
- characteristic events are, for example, the translocation of a particular membrane phospholipid (phosphatidylserine) of the internal plasma membrane or the activation of certain proteases (caspases) involved in this process of protein degradation leading to cell death.
- the cell viability results showed a concentration for each HE, which reveals the difference in sensitivity of pre-cancerous and precancerous cancer cells compared to normal cells: 150 nL / mL for ⁇ Oregano and 400 nL / mL for ⁇ rosewood. These concentrations will be used as part of a 16h treatment (4h and 12h were also performed).
- a second test based on the detection of caspase activity a family of proteins specific for the mechanism of apoptosis, is carried out on the cells. treated by HE.
- Activation of caspases is a phenomenon earlier than the phosphatidylserine translocation previously detected by annexin V.
- the principle of the test is based on the use of a substrate of these enzymes coupled to a fluorochrome. Apoptotic cells, where caspases are activated, will degrade the substrate and fluoresce. Non-apoptotic cells do not emit fluorescence. The fluorescence measurement is performed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, after 4 hours of treatment with the HE.
- Figure 6 shows a shift to the right (hence an increase in fluorescence intensity) of the curve representing HE-treated cells relative to the curve representing labeled but untreated cells in A431 cells and HaCat only.
- This increase in fluorescence which is confirmed by fluorescence microscopy (FIG. 7), reflects caspase activation and confirms: the induction of apoptosis in the cancer cells, and HaCat by the two HEs, at the concentrations used.
- FIGS. 1 to 4. One of the consequences of mitochondrial destabilization is the release of prooxidant molecules into the cytosol, which phenomenon can be detected by flow cytometry by the DHR123 probe which fluoresces under oxidative stress.
- Figure 9 shows the evolution of the number of fluorescent cells (thus subject to a generation of reactive oxygen species detectable by DHR123) after different treatments with HE. It is found that at the concentrations used, normal keratinocytes are not affected while a dose-dependent increase in intracellular pro-oxidant status is detectable in HaCat or A431 mutated cells. Thus, the HEs are capable of producing significant and specific oxidative stress in precancerous or cancerous mutant keratinocytes, this stress probably being strongly implicated in the targeted cytotoxicity described in FIGS. 1 to 4.
- Rosewood HE is composed of a major molecule (more than 80%): linalool (terpene alcohol).
- Oregano Compact's EO contains two major compounds (monoterpenol): carvacrol and thymol, present at 40% and 20%, respectively.
- Linalol Carvacrol Thymol These three molecules were incubated for 12 hours with non-mutated immortalized keratinocytes (HEK 001) and mutated cancerous keratinocytes (A431). Percentages of cells in apoptosis were measured by the Annexin V / propidium lodide assay. The concentrations of the molecules used are equal to those present during treatments with HE.
- the concentration of linalool used here represents the equivalent of 80% linalool present in ⁇ rosewood. In fact, linalool is used at a concentration of 320 nL / mL (see FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows for example that more than 60% of A431 cells are apoptotic after treatment with ⁇ of oregano at a concentration of 150 nL / mL.
- Non-mutated cell viability levels (HEK001) higher than those observed in the mutated cells (A431). The preferential targeting of the mutated cells is therefore retained.
- the cells are distributed in 96-well plate ( 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml).
- HE treatment solution HE is diluted 1/10 first time in 100% ethanol. Then a second dilution is carried out in culture medium in order to obtain the desired concentrations.
- the viability measurement is carried out using the MTT test (1- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -3,5-diphenylformazan, Sigma-Aldrich). Briefly, after the desired treatment time, the treatment medium is replaced by medium containing the MTT solution (0.25 ⁇ final concentration). The 96-well plate containing the cells is then incubated for 4 h at 37 ° C. before removing the MTT solution and adding 100 ⁇ l of DMSO. The absorbance measurement is then carried out at 540 nm after homogenizing the violet precipitate. The measurement of oxidative stress is carried out using the fluorescent probe DHR 123 (Molecular Probe).
- the medium is removed and the cells are harvested (by trypsinization), centrifuged and then rinsed in 4mL of PBS 1 X. The cells are then incubated for 30 min (37 ° C) in culture medium containing the probe (5 ⁇ ). Before the fluorescence measurement by cytometry (Excitation: 488 nm / Emission: 530 nm), the cells are rinsed in 4 ml of 1 ⁇ PBS, centrifuged and taken up in 0.5 ml of PBS.
- One of the markers of apoptosis is the translocation of phosphatidyl serine from the internal surface to the outer surface of the plasma membrane (translocation allowing apoptotic bodies to be recognized and phagocytosed by macrophages).
- the AV / PI test makes it possible to detect this event, thanks to the affinity of the annexin V protein for phosphatidyl serine.
- Propidium iodide which targets DNA, allows discrimination of early apoptotic cells, late apoptotic cells and / or necrosis.
- the medium is removed, the cells are harvested (by trypsinization), centrifuged and rinsed in 4 mL of 1X PBS. Labeling is carried out following the manufacturer's instructions (Vybrant Kit, Molecular Probe).
- the cells are rapidly taken up in 100 ⁇ l of labeling buffer, in which 6 ⁇ l of Annexin 5 and 3 ⁇ g ml of propidium iodide per sample are added.
- the cells are then incubated for 30 minutes in the dark (at room temperature). Four hundred ⁇ of buffer of labeling are added before measuring the fluorescence of annexin 5 (at 530 nm) and propidium iodide (at 610 nm).
- Caspase activity is a second marker of apoptosis.
- the caspase family includes proteins that are mainly involved in the regulation of apoptotic cell death.
- the caspase activity is detected using a substrate VAD (for valine-alanine-aspartic acid) coupled to a fluorochrome (FITC Emission: 530 nm).
- the detection of this activity is carried out following the instructions of the CasPACE TM kit (Promega).
- the cells are harvested (by trypsinization), centrifuged and rinsed in 4 ml of 1 ⁇ PBS. The cells are then incubated for 20 min in culture medium containing the reagent (10 ⁇ l), 20 min in the dark and at room temperature. .
- the cells are then rinsed twice in 4 ml of 1X PBS before being fixed for 30 minutes in a solution of formalin. Before the fluorescence flow cytometry measurement, the cells are rinsed 3 times 5 min) in 1X PBS and then taken up in 0.5 ml of PBS.
- TMRM Tetramethyl Rhodamine Methyl ester
- Molecular Probe Fluorescent probe localized in the mitochondria, will decrease in intensity as it migrates into the cytoplasm, following the opening of the mitochondrial pores. A fall in fluorescence is therefore measured by flow cytometry.
- the cells are trypsinized and rinsed in 1X PBS before incubating them for 30 min at 37 ° C. in culture medium containing the fluorescent probe (50 nM final). After this incubation, the cells are rinsed 1 time for 5 min in 1X PBS and then are dissolved in 0.5 ml of PBS before measurement by cytometry.
- HE concentrations in% of HE per volume of culture medium
- HaCat and A431 the cytotoxicity property preferentially induced in the mutated cells
- HEK001 and NHEK894 The ranges of HE concentrations (in% of HE per volume of culture medium) for which the cytotoxicity property preferentially induced in the mutated cells (HaCat and A431) is observed compared to the non-mutated cells (HEK001 and NHEK894) are :
- Calcabrini A., et al. Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), in vitro growth of human melanoma cells. J. Invest. Dermatol. 122: 349-360, 2004.
- UVA radiation causes DNA strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations and tumorigenic transformation in HaCaT skin keratinocytes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1000801A FR2956814B1 (fr) | 2010-02-26 | 2010-02-26 | Utilisation d'huile essentielle d'origan ou de bois de rose, ou leurs constituants, dans le traitement cosmetique des keratoses |
| US28275210P | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | |
| PCT/FR2011/050410 WO2011104489A2 (fr) | 2010-02-26 | 2011-02-28 | Utilisation d'huile essentielle d'origan ou de bois de rose, ou leurs constituants, dans le traitement cosmetique des keratoses. |
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| EP2538932A2 true EP2538932A2 (fr) | 2013-01-02 |
| EP2538932B1 EP2538932B1 (fr) | 2017-11-22 |
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| EP11713497.3A Active EP2538932B1 (fr) | 2010-02-26 | 2011-02-28 | Utilisation d'huile essentielle d'origan ou de bois de rose dans le traitement des keratoses actiniques |
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| US (1) | US9919019B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2538932B1 (fr) |
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| CN111458428A (zh) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-28 | 通化师范学院 | 百里香挥发油主成分及其检测方法和应用、γ-萜品烯和3-甲基-4-异丙基苯酚的应用 |
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| US7744931B2 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2010-06-29 | New Chapter Inc. | Methods for treating oral cancers with herbal compositions |
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| US20150150929A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
| US9919019B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
| FR2956814A1 (fr) | 2011-09-02 |
| FR2956814B1 (fr) | 2020-11-20 |
| WO2011104489A2 (fr) | 2011-09-01 |
| EP2538932B1 (fr) | 2017-11-22 |
| WO2011104489A3 (fr) | 2012-03-22 |
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