EP2537984A1 - Suction orifice of suction machines for ground cleaning - Google Patents
Suction orifice of suction machines for ground cleaning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2537984A1 EP2537984A1 EP12173190A EP12173190A EP2537984A1 EP 2537984 A1 EP2537984 A1 EP 2537984A1 EP 12173190 A EP12173190 A EP 12173190A EP 12173190 A EP12173190 A EP 12173190A EP 2537984 A1 EP2537984 A1 EP 2537984A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refuse
- suction
- suction orifice
- inlet opening
- orifice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H1/00—Removing undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces, with or without moistening of the surface
- E01H1/08—Pneumatically dislodging or taking-up undesirable matter or small objects; Drying by heat only or by streams of gas; Cleaning by projecting abrasive particles
- E01H1/0827—Dislodging by suction; Mechanical dislodging-cleaning apparatus with independent or dependent exhaust, e.g. dislodging-sweeping machines with independent suction nozzles ; Mechanical loosening devices working under vacuum
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H1/00—Removing undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces, with or without moistening of the surface
- E01H1/08—Pneumatically dislodging or taking-up undesirable matter or small objects; Drying by heat only or by streams of gas; Cleaning by projecting abrasive particles
- E01H1/0827—Dislodging by suction; Mechanical dislodging-cleaning apparatus with independent or dependent exhaust, e.g. dislodging-sweeping machines with independent suction nozzles ; Mechanical loosening devices working under vacuum
- E01H1/0836—Apparatus dislodging all of the dirt by suction ; Suction nozzles
- E01H1/0845—Apparatus dislodging all of the dirt by suction ; Suction nozzles with mechanical loosening or feeding instruments for the dirt to be sucked- up, e.g. brushes, scrapers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
- Nozzles For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
- Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a suction orifice of suction machines for ground cleaning, of the type pointed out in the preamble of the first claim.
- It is known that suction machines, used for cleaning streets, are provided with a suction orifice connected to a suction system suitable for refuse sucking. Generally they further comprise one or more brushes adapted to convey the refuse close to the suction orifice.
- The suction orifice constitutes a fundamental part in suction machines. In particular the suction orifice defines a sucking opening through which passage of the sucked refuse occurs.
- The area of the sucking opening greatly affects operation of the machine. In fact, if this area is wide, the machine can take in bulky refuse but the vacuum at the opening is weaker, due to the Bernoulli law. Otherwise, if the area is reduced, the vacuum at the opening is higher, and therefore the refuse and dust that are not very bulky can be better taken in, but the machine cannot suck in the bulky refuse. Some suction orifices are therefore provided with an adjusting member adapted to enable the operator to vary the area of the sucking opening depending on the size of the refuse to be sucked. This member comprises an air lock that partly overlaps the sucking opening and varies the section thereof.
- This air lock is activated by suitable mechanisms controlled by the operator who increases the area of the sucking opening in the presence of refuse of big sizes, such as bottles and tins, or reduces it in the presence of dust or other refuse of small sizes.
- The known art mentioned above has some important drawbacks.
- A first important problem is represented by the fact that the suction process is not optimal both from the point of view of the quality of the cleaning operation and from the point of view of the energy consumption during this process.
- In fact, for optimising the process, the operator is obliged to continuously vary the area of the sucking opening and therefore to act on the appropriate operating elements without interruption, which obviously cannot be obtained in an optimal manner.
- Therefore, in order to avoid suction problems due to the presence of refuse of big sizes, the operator usually leaves the air lock fully lifted up so that the maximum possible area is open and suction of any refuse is allowed, irrespective of the size. This choice brings about a reduction in the cleaning quality. In fact, the greater section causes a vacuum reduction in the suction chamber and therefore the suction ability is reduced, which leads to the impossibility of sucking dust and refuse of small sizes.
- To partly obviate said problem, the maximum area of the sucking opening is generally particularly reduced and therefore sucking of bulky refuse is not allowed. A further defect resides in that, when the sucking opening is partly closed, there is a great pressure difference between the outer region and the region inside the suction orifice, thus determining arising of turbulence that will worsen the cleaning quality.
- Under this situation, the technical task underlying the present invention is to devise a suction orifice of suction machines for ground cleaning that is able to substantially obviate the mentioned drawbacks.
- Within the scope of this technical task, it is an important aim of the invention to obtain a suction orifice of suction machines for ground cleaning that enables an optimal cleaning of the streets to be carried out in a simple manner under any condition.
- The technical task mentioned and the aims specified are achieved by a suction orifice of suction machines for ground cleaning, as claimed in the appended
Claim 1. - Preferred embodiments are highlighted in the sub-claims.
- The features and advantages of the invention are hereinafter clarified by the detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
Fig. 1a is an axonometric view of the suction orifice according to the invention, in a first position; -
Fig. 1b is an axonometric view of the suction orifice according to the invention, in a second position; -
Fig. 2a is a side view of the suction orifice according to the invention; -
Fig. 2b shows the section ofFig. 2a with the suction orifice in a further configuration and in median section; -
Fig. 3 shows a top view of the suction orifice according to the invention; and -
Fig. 4 shows a suction machine provided with a suction orifice according to the invention. - With reference to the mentioned figures, the suction orifice of suction machines for ground cleaning according to the invention is generally identified by
reference numeral 1. - It is adapted to suck or take in refuse of reduced sizes, such as dust and the like, or refuse of big sizes, such as bottles, tins or other refuse that can accumulate on the ground S, in particular in streets or the like. Specifically, by the term "big sizes" it is identified any refuse having sizes generally in the order of centimetres and preferably included between 3 cm and 10 cm.
- The
suction orifice 1 is adapted to be disposed on asuction machine 10, known by itself. Thesuction machine 10 briefly comprises at least onesuction orifice 1, one ormore brushes 11 adapted to convey the refuse to be removed towards thesuction orifice 1, anadjusting system 12 adapted to vary the distance of thesuction orifice 1 from the ground S and defining a work position at which theorifice 1 is substantially in contact with the ground S and a non-work or rest position at which theorifice 1 is raised from the ground S. - The
suction machine 10 further comprises: asucking system 13 adapted to create the vacuum within a vessel ortank 14 in communication for fluid passage with thesuction orifice 1 through atransport duct 15. This vacuum creates a suction flow F entering thesuction orifice 1 and adapted to enable the refuse to be sucked and to be collected insidevessel 14. - In particular, the
suction orifice 1 defines achannel 2 connected to the inner volume ofvessel 14 through thetransport duct 15 and adapted to be directly in contact with the external refuse to be collected. - From a structural standpoint,
channel 2 is defined partly by acasing 4 of metal material and partly by theground S. Casing 4 therefore defines theside edges 4a,upper edge 4b andrear edge 4c ofchannel 2, while the lower edge is preferably defined by the ground S, and the front edge, orfront opening 2a is left open for sucking the refuse in. Theside 4a and rear 4c edges are then preferably provided withseals 4d for ensuring contact thereof with the ground S. - Finally,
suitable wheels 7 or runners are fastened tocasing 4 for defining the distance of theorifice 1 from the ground S in said work position. - Channel 2 advantageously comprises a
first portion 2b converging from the front opening to the inside ofchannel 2. Convergence is suitably defined only along section planes ofchannel 2 parallel to the ground S, while in a direction perpendicular to the ground the height ofchannel 2 preferably remains constant. Convergence of the first portion preferably achieves a normal-section area reduction included between 60% and 80%. Thefront opening 2a which is the maximum value ofportion 2b achieves the important result of increasing the cleaning track (60% - 80%). -
Channel 2 also comprises asecond portion 2c, in communication for fluid passage with the first portion and thetransport duct 15. At thissecond portion 2c,casing 4 is therefore connected to thetransport duct 15. Saidtransport duct 15 is preferably defined by a tubular structure connected to the inner volume ofvessel 14. - The first and
second portions channel 2 are ideally divided by aninlet opening 3 extending at right angles to the direction of the suction flow F. - At said inlet opening 3, the
suction orifice 1 further comprises a chokingelement 5 adapted to vary the area of the inlet opening 3 itself. In particular, the chokingelement 5 defines an open position (Fig. 2a ) at which the area of the inlet opening 3 has the maximum extension, and a closed position (Fig. 2b ) at which the area of the inlet opening 3 has a minimum extension. The two open and closed positions are finally defined by suitable end-of-stroke elements and, in the closed position (Fig. 2b ) the area of theinlet opening 3 is preferably limited to a fraction included between one half and one fifth and is more preferably equal to about one fourth, relative to the area of the inlet opening defined by the chokingelement 5 in the closed position (Fig. 2b ). - The
choking element 5 is adapted to automatically vary the area of the inlet opening 3 depending on the sizes of said refuse to be collected. - The term "automatically" means that the operator must not expressly intervene for varying the area of the inlet opening 3 but said area is automatically increased for sucking said refuse of big sizes and automatically reduced for sucking the refuse of small sizes such as dust and the like.
- This automatic character is preferably obtained by means of the choking
element 5 adapted to move in an idle manner between said open position (Fig. 2a ) and said closed position (Figs. 1 b and2b ). Consequently, when no force is exerted by the refuse being sucked on the chokingelement 5, said element is disposed in the closed position (Fig. 2b ) as it is, for example, only stimulated by the weight force or by suitable elastic elements. Otherwise, when there is the presence of refuse exerting a sufficient force, the choking element takes the open position (Fig. 2a ). - In a possible variant, the automatic closed and open positions can be obtained by suitable sensors detecting the presence of refuse of big sizes and by actuating means for the choking
element 5, as hereinafter described. - In detail, the choking
element 5 comprises anobstruction surface 5a adapted to overlap theinlet opening 3 to reduce the area thereof. It further consists of a prismatic shell (Figs. 1 b ,2b ) having a triangular base and an axis parallel to the ground S and perpendicular to the flow F direction. A first side face of the prismatic shell constitutes theobstruction surface 5a, a secondupper face 5b constitutes a hooking surface, and a third lower face constitutes abase surface 5c preferably forming part of theupper edge 4b ofchannel 2. - The choking
element 5 is further fastened in a motion-admitting manner tocasing 4, preferably by means of ahinge 6 the rotation axis of which is parallel to the ground S and is disposed at the corner opposite to theobstruction surface 5a. In addition, the chokingelement 5 is preferably idle with respect to rotation around saidhinge 6 and therefore reduces theinlet opening 3 by restricting the height thereof but leaving the width unchanged. - The choking
element 5 is further supported by anelastic element 9 adapted to exert force in a direction opposite to the force of gravity, preferably by an amount not exceeding the force of gravity itself and adapted to lighten the force exerted downwards onelement 5. - As previously described,
element 5 defines an open position and a closed position. In particular, in the open position (Fig. 2a ), theobstruction surface 5a does not interfere with theinlet opening 3 and thebase surface 5c is aligned with theupper edge 4b, the overall height of the opening from the ground S to thebase surface 5c being 8-12 cm. In the closed position (Fig. 2b ), on the contrary, thebase surface 5c interferes with theinlet opening 3 to the maximum extent and theobstruction surface 5a is disposed withinchannel 2, the overall height of the opening from the ground S to thebase surface 5c being 2-5 cm. Preferably, thesuction orifice 1 further comprises actuating means 8 for the chokingelement 5, preferably consisting of a fluid-operated, preferably electric,cylinder 8a, acting on abracket 8b rigidly connected to the chokingelement 5 itself. - In an alternative embodiment not shown, the
suction orifice 1 can also comprise sensors detecting the presence of refuse of big sizes, infrared, laser or similar sensors for example. - Operation of the
suction orifice 1, described above as regards structure is the following. - When an operator uses the
suction machine 10, he/she actuates and drives it, through the steering system, the motor and wheels of known type, along the ground S of streets or the like to be cleaned. - In particular, the adjusting
system 12 puts orifice 1 in the work position, the suckingsystem 13 creates the vacuum invessel 14 and thebrushes 11 convey the refuse towards thesuction orifice 1. - The vacuum created in
tank 14 is transmitted to thetransport duct 15 and thesuction orifice 1. Therefore the vacuum gives rise to said flow F transferring the refuse from the ground S to the tank. - In particular, the refuse enters
orifice 1 through thefront opening 2a.Opening 2a is very wide and therefore captures a great amount of refuse, but at said opening the air flow F is rather slow. The refuse passes through the first convergingportion 2b, while the area becomes narrower and the flow F speed increases, due to the Bernoulli law, making the refuse move quicker. - The refuse then reaches the
inlet opening 3 and the chokingelement 5, at which two cases are to be distinguished. - In a first case the refuse has reduced sizes, it is in particular dust, leaves or the like. Thus the refuse does not interfere with the choking
element 5 that keeps the closed position (Fig. 2b ). In this position the area of theinlet opening 3 is minimum and, still due to the Bernoulli law, the flow F speed is very high. The refuse is therefore optimally taken in. - In a second case, when the refuse is of big sizes, as already said, the refuse interferes with the choking
element 5 that is lifted up by the refuse itself against the weight force ofelement 5 possibly made lighter by theelastic element 9. In particular, the refuse impacts on thebase surface 5c and while moving forward actuateselement 5 disposing it to the open position (Fig. 2a ) or to an intermediate position. Therefore also the bulky refuse can be automatically taken in without the operator's intervention. - When, as a variant, the presence of sensors is provided, activation or not of the actuating means 8 is caused by said sensors.
- In addition, at all events, the operator can decide on maintaining the choking
element 5 in a selected position, through the actuating means 8. - When the
refuse 3 has entered theinlet opening 3, it reaches thesecond portion 2c ofchannel 2 and subsequentlyduct 15 andvessel 14, where it is gathered and then brought to the dump or the like. - The described
suction orifice 1 achieves important advantages. - In particular, due to the automatic actuation of the choking
element 5 the operator is not obliged to continuously and manually intervene on suitable operating elements. - At the same time the
suction orifice 1 can suck refuse of any sizes in an optimal manner. - The efficiency of
orifice 1 is then increased by the funnel-shaped conformation of thefirst portion 2a ofchannel 2. - The invention is susceptible of variations falling within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the independent claims.
- All of the elements as described and claimed can be replaced by equivalent elements and the details, materials, shapes and sizes can be of any nature and magnitude.
Claims (11)
- A suction orifice (1) of a suction machine (10) adapted to suck refuse from the ground (S) and comprising an inlet opening (3) adapted to enable said refuse to enter said suction machine (10); and a choking element (5) adapted to vary the area of said inlet opening (3), characterised in that said choking element (5) is suitable to automatically vary said area of said inlet opening (3) as a function of the size of said refuse.
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said choking element (5) is susceptible of movement by the force exerted by said refuse present at said suction orifice (1) and having big sizes.
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in claim 2, wherein said choking element (5) is available in an open position in which the area of said inlet opening (3) has the maximum extension and in a closed position in which the area of said inlet opening (3) has the minimum extension, wherein said choking element (5) can be moved in an idle manner between said positions and is placed in the closed position when no external force is acting thereon.
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in claim 1, comprising sensor means adapted to verify the presence of refuse of big sizes and actuating means (8) adapted to move said choking element (5), and automatically moved as a function of the information from said sensor means.
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, defining a channel (2) adapted to be placed directly in contact with the external refuse to be sucked in and comprising a first portion (2b) extending from an outer front opening (2a) to said inlet opening (3), and wherein said first portion (2b) is a portion converging from said outer front opening (2a) to said inlet opening (3).
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in claim 5, wherein said convergence gives rise to a section variation included between 60% and 80%.
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said choking element (5) is adapted to vary the area of the inlet opening (3) to a fraction included between one half and one fifth.
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, defining a channel (2) adapted to be placed directly in contact with the external refuse to be sucked in, and wherein said channel (2) is defined partly by a casing (4) of metal material and partly by the ground (S).
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said choking element (5) is secured to said casing (4) by means of a hinge (6) the rotation axis of which is parallel to the ground (S).
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in one or more of claims 7-8, wherein said choking element (5) comprises a base surface (5c) and said casing (4) defines an upper edge (4b) of said channel (2), and wherein in said open position said base surface (5c) is continuous with said upper edge (4b).
- A suction orifice (1) as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, comprising an elastic element (9) that, when said machine is in use, is adapted to exert a force on said choking element (5) that is opposite to the force of gravity by an amount not exceeding the force of gravity itself and suitable for lightening the force exerted downwards on said element (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT001140A ITMI20111140A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2011-06-23 | SUCTION MOUTH FOR SUCTION MACHINES FOR SOIL CLEANING |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2537984A1 true EP2537984A1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2537984B1 EP2537984B1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
Family
ID=44555114
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12173190.5A Active EP2537984B1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2012-06-22 | Suction orifice of suction machines for ground cleaning |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2537984B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2537984T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2635738T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITMI20111140A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2537984T (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0072039A2 (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1983-02-16 | Boschung Holding A.G. Freiburg | Sweeping machine |
US4395794A (en) * | 1979-05-09 | 1983-08-02 | Ing. Alfred Schmidt Gmbh | Device to take up refuse by vacuum intake air |
NL1027590C2 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-10 | Kraaijeveld B V Geb | Vacuuming device for vacuuming faeces from domestic animals off the ground, includes front, side and rear skirts running along frame to increase suction power, and system consising of individual vacuming units for treating faeces |
-
2011
- 2011-06-23 IT IT001140A patent/ITMI20111140A1/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-06-22 DK DK12173190.5T patent/DK2537984T3/en active
- 2012-06-22 EP EP12173190.5A patent/EP2537984B1/en active Active
- 2012-06-22 ES ES12173190.5T patent/ES2635738T3/en active Active
- 2012-06-22 PT PT121731905T patent/PT2537984T/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4395794A (en) * | 1979-05-09 | 1983-08-02 | Ing. Alfred Schmidt Gmbh | Device to take up refuse by vacuum intake air |
EP0072039A2 (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1983-02-16 | Boschung Holding A.G. Freiburg | Sweeping machine |
NL1027590C2 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-10 | Kraaijeveld B V Geb | Vacuuming device for vacuuming faeces from domestic animals off the ground, includes front, side and rear skirts running along frame to increase suction power, and system consising of individual vacuming units for treating faeces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2635738T3 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
PT2537984T (en) | 2017-08-08 |
DK2537984T3 (en) | 2017-10-02 |
ITMI20111140A1 (en) | 2012-12-24 |
EP2537984B1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
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