EP2536943A2

EP2536943A2 - Hydroelectric power plant with low water heads at rivers and sea waves

Info

Publication number: EP2536943A2
Application number: EP09805897A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Georgi Genchev
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-12-20
Filing date: 2009-12-16
Publication date: 2012-12-26
Also published as: WO2010069013A2; WO2010069013A3; BG66244B1; BG110291A

Abstract

It will be used for lifting the water and for production of electric power. HEPP includes two groups of siphons (1, 2), connected hydraulically with vacuum siphons. Between all the rear branches (4) of the first siphons (1) and front branches (5) of the second siphons (2) there are lifting presses (36), in which a vertical rod (37) moves centrally. The pressure pipe (44) lifts water to the upper tank (45), in which is dipped the top of the upper branch (52) of the energy siphon (53), to which is fitted a water turbine (54) with electric generator (55). The energy siphon draws water from the upper tank for energy producing. At a version for utilization of the sea, before the groups of siphons is provided a lifting installation which includes trapezoid float (69), the three-joint cover (62) and upper tank (80).

Description

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT WITH LOW WATER HEADS AT RIVERS AND SEA

WAVES

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention refers to hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) with low water heads at rivers and sea waves and it is going to be used for lifting with mechanical purification of the water, and for production of renewable electric power.

BACKGROUNDART

The water hammer for water lifting, and the complex siphon type hydraulic regulator, containing main siphons, connected with vacuum siphons, serving for hydraulic regulation, and as a version fitted with a water turbine, are well-known (BG62215).

The shortcomings of the known solutions are that the water hammer has a very low efficiency, and the complex siphon type hydraulic regulator cannot lift the water, so the power output of the complex water turbine is low, while the construction of a HEPP with heads under four metres is cost-ineffective.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention objective is to create a HEPP with low heads, which will be able to lift and to purify mechanically the water at the river water intakes and at the sea and ocean waves, in order to produce environment-friendly electric power with profitable efficiency. According to the invention, the system consists of the first and second siphon connected hydraulically in groups, formed of front branches with straight incoming valves, and rear branches with external valves and rectangular grates. The second siphons are made of front branches with large non-return valves with weight and outgoing branches, placed in a rear tank, equipped with a gate valve. Vacuum siphons with flat rectangular section and gradually widening outgoing branches being placed between the branches of siphons, as follows: the first vacuum siphon with a front valve, over it a middle vacuum siphon with an input valve and upper vacuum siphons, and their tops are vertically connected by a thin hose, a middle hose, and over it short hoses, reaching the tops of the first siphons. A lower vacuum siphon having a rectangular valve, a rear vacuum siphon having a front valve, and upper vacuum siphons are put under the second siphons, their tops being connected in the same way with a low hose, vertical hose and upper hoses. They are also linked horizontally, through a lower intermediate hose, a middle intermediate hose, and upper intermediate hoses. The tops of the first siphons in the groups are connected by cross hoses, all the hoses being comprised in the next siphons through spherical valves.

There are lifting presses between all the back branches and front branches at elevation zero, each lifting press being divided into three sectors, in which a vertical rod moves centrically, to which rod are fixed by sectors: a lower membrane, a middle membrane, and a top membrane with a small flap. From the lift press lid, having an upper flap, raises a pressure pipe, reaching a top tank. All the lift presses being linked by sectors with the single siphons in the group, as follows: the upper membrane, under the upper membrane there is a left coupling connected to the rear branch; a middle membrane, under the middle membrane there is a rear coupling connected to outgoing branches; there is a long coupling over the middle membrane, that is connected to the top of the second siphon; and lower membrane, under which there is a right coupling connected to the bottom part of the front branch, which is connected over the large non-return valve by a sloping coupling placed over the lower membrane. The upper tank, in which is dipped the top of the upper branch of the energy siphon, to which is fitted on a horizontal axis a water turbine with electric generator before of the top of a gradually widening lower branch, with a large vacuum siphon under it, the energy siphon and the large vacuum siphon flow out together into a rear tank, and their tops being connected with an arcuated hose and an upper curved hose.

A mechanical lifting installation is applied with the version for utilization of the sea waves, consisting of: a turning segment turned about a bottom joint, the turning segment is formed of a left radial plane with a lug and a top gate, and a middle radial plane, which are covered by chord-like iron sheet, having an upper curve. Thus the three items form trapezoid float. The turning segment is clamped above with a three-joint cover, consisting of the following items connected among them: left hard sheet and right curved sheet, fixed to a left joint, middle joint and a right joint. The right joint is fixed to a curved wall, under which there is a long float having a lever with hook. The curved wall and the hardened bottom lie on a steel structure and form the immobile portion of a front tank, which has the width of the turning segment, and the front tank is surrounded by steel walls. In the front tank the water is around the front level and is fed through sloping pipes via a header to the front branches of the first siphons.

The invention advantages consist in the following: the HEPP with low heads at rivers and sea waves is inexpensive for production and operation. It is made of metal, reinforced concrete or plastic. It works hydroautomatically, almost without staff. Heads below four metres are used with rivers and the sea and ocean waves. Lifting is for account of the gravitation with the water and atmosphere, which give the potential energy and the positive and negative atmospheric pressure. The inertia forces, the potential energy, are summed and used at a moment jointly with the atmospheric pressure and vacuum. The water is lifted for domestic needs and for construction of HEPPs with profitable efficiency. Infinitely big renewable sources are virtually used, free of environmental pollution. The siphon system can be used to regulate and lift the water in irrigation and energy canals. It can be built in the seas and oceans near the coasts also as a floating system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the siphon system.

Fig. 2 - top view of Figure 1.

Fig. 3 - plan section A-A of Figure 1.

Fig. 4 - cross vertical section B-B of Figure 1.

Fig. 5 - cross vertical section C-C of Figure 1.

Fig. 6 - detail A of a spherical valve.

Fig. 7 - detail B longitudinal section of the lifting press.

Fig. 7A - plan section E-E of Figure 7.

Fig. 8 - longitudinal vertical section through the lifting installation in the lower position.

Fig. 9 - longitudinal vertical section through the lifting installation in the upper position

Fig. 10 - cross vertical section D-D of Fig. 8.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODYMENTS

A HEPP with low heads at rivers and sea waves consists of double siphons hydraulically connected in groups, as follows: First siphons 1 formed of front branches 3, with straight incoming valves 7 and rear branches 4 with external valves 8 and rectangular grates 9. Second siphons 2 are constructed of front branches 5, comprising large non-return valves 10 with a weight 11 , and of outgoing branches 6. Only one row of vacuum siphons having flat rectangular section and gradually widening outgoing branches, is located among these branches, as follows: In the first siphon 1 are placed one over the other the first vacuum siphon 13 with front valve 14, the middle vacuum siphon 15 with the incoming valve 16, and above it the upper vacuum siphon 17. Their tops are vertically connected through a thin hose 18, a middle hose 19, and over it with short hoses 20, reaching the tops of the first siphons 1. In the same way in the second siphons 2 are put the lower vacuum siphon 21 with a rectangular valve 22, a rear vacuum siphon 23 having a front valve 24, and top vacuum siphons 25. Their tops are again connected respectively with a low hose 26, a vertical hose 27 and the upper hoses 28. In the horizontal position the tops of the vacuum siphons (13, 15 and 17) of the first siphons 1 and the second siphons 2 are connected with the lower intermediate hose 29, the middle intermediate hose 30 and the upper intermediate hoses 31. The tops of all the first siphons 1 in the group are connected with cross hoses 33. All the hoses are included in the tops of the next siphons through spherical valves 32.

The outgoing branches 6 in the group are placed in a rear tank 34, equipped with a gate 35.

Between all the rear branches 4 of the first siphons and front branches 5 of second siphons at elevation 0 there are lifting presses 36. Each lifting press 36 is divided by height in three sectors, in which a vertical rod 37 moves centrically. The following items are clamped to it by sectors: a lower membrane 38, a middle membrane 39, and an upper membrane 40 with a small flap 41. From the lid 42 of the lifting press 36 with the upper small flap 43 rises a pressure pipe 44 reaching the front tank 45.

The lifting presses 36 are connected by height with every siphon as follows: a left coupling 46 under the upper membrane 40 is included in the rear branch 4; a rear coupling 47 under the middle membrane 39 joins the outgoing branch 6; over the middle membrane 39 through the long coupling 48 is included in the top of the second siphon 2 and a the right coupling 49 under the lower membrane 38 is connected in the lower portion of the front branch 5, which is connected over the large non-return valve by a sloping coupling 50 placed over the lower membrane 38.

In the front tank 45 with water level 51 is dipped the top of the upper branch 52 of the energy siphon 53. In it is fitted at a horizontal axis a water turbine 54 and an electric generator 55 before the top of a gradually widening lower branch 56. Under the energy siphon 53 has a large vacuum siphon 57 and they flow out together into the back tank 34, and their tops are connected with an arcuated hose 58 and an upper curved hose 59.

In the version for utilization of the sea and ocean waves, is employed a mechanical lifting installation, made of: a turning segment 60 which turns around a bottom joint 61 , attached from above articulately with a three-joint cover 62. The turning segment 60 is made of the left radial plane 63, passing into a lug 64 with a top gate 65 with joint and a middle radial plane 66. They are covered by chord-like iron sheet 67 having an upper curve 68, so they form a trapezoid float 69. The three-joint cover 62 consists of the following items connected among themselves: the left joint 70, the left hard iron sheet 71 , the middle joint 72 with the right curved iron sheet 73, fixed to the right joint 74. The last one is fixed to a curved wall 75, under which a long float 76 moves and it has a lever with a hook 77. The curved wall 75 together with a hardened bottom 78, lying on a steel structure 79, forms the immovable part of the upper tank 80. It has the width of the group of siphons and the turning segment 60, and they are enclosed longitudinally by steel walls 81. The upper tank 80 has a front level 12 and it feeds water through sloping pipes 82 and a header 83 to the front branches 3 of the first siphons 1.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A HEPP with low water heads at rivers and sea waves operates in the following manner:

From the upper tank 80 the water passes through sloping pipes 82 and through a header 83 it fills up the front branches 3 to the front level elevation 12. Through the first vacuum siphon 13 the water enters the lower part of the front branch 5 and the lower vacuum siphon 21. At a slight increase of 3-5 cm above the front level elevation 12, the lower vacuum siphon 21 turns on and bleeds the first vacuum siphon 13 by means of the lower intermediate hose 29 with a spherical valve 32 as it turns the first vacuum siphon 13 and they operate together. Low hose 26 is vacuumed by pressure and turns on the rear vacuum siphon 23. The lower vacuum siphon 21 is turned off by the rectangular valve 22. By means of the middle intermediate hose 30 and the thin hose 18, is actuated the middle vacuum siphon 15 at the closing of the incoming valve 16 by the speed of water. In the same way are turned on the top vacuum siphons 25 and the upper vacuum siphons 17 through the upper intermediate hoses 31 , the vertical hose 27 and the middle hose 19. By the incoming valve 16 and the front valve 24 are turned off the rear vacuum siphon 23 and the middle vacuum siphon 15. The upper vacuum siphons 17 and the top vacuum siphons 25 remain working constantly. They by means of the short hoses 20 and the upper hoses 28 actuate one after another the second siphon 2 and the first siphon 1. The group of siphons are further vacuumed between their tops by cross hoses 33, for the fast actuation of the group of siphons. With the turning on of the next siphons, the spherical valves 32 are shut.

After actuating the first siphons 1 and the second siphons 2, the speeds in them augment and the large non-return valves 10 are sharply shut in various instants of time by the turning upwards of the lever with weight 11.

A hydraulic shock occurs in every siphon, leading to an instantaneous change in the pressure: an increase in the pressure in the rear branches 4 with a rise for a moment of the external valves 8 and closing with a dropping of the incoming straight valves 7. The pressure changes from negative to positive in the tops of the first siphons 1 because of the selected speeds following the shock and the closing of the incoming straight valves 7.

After the large non-return valves 10 a drop in the pressure occurs and a further increase in the vacuum also occurs at the tops of the second siphons 2, as a result of the inertia forces of the water and of the increase of the hydraulic losses after the shock.

Such pressures are delivered through single couplings at the three sectors of the lifting presses 36. The positive pressures are turned on to act from below, and the negative ones from above. Thus five pressures are summed, with a total force to act upwards and to lift the water with high efficiency.

The water under each upper membrane 40 with increased positive pressure is fed purified by the left coupling 46, which is included in the rectangular grate 9 of the rear branch 4.

The positive pressures under the middle membranes 39 come through the rear couplings 47 from the exit of the rear branches 6. The negative pressures over them are supplied from the tops of the second siphons 2 of the long couplings 48. Under the lower membranes 38 are placed the lower couplings 49 up to the front branches 5 beneath the large non-return valves 10, and over them are the sloping couplings 50 with negative pressure. The total force after the shock generates a sharply increased pressure over the upper membrane 40. The water lifts the small flaps 43 and through the pressure pipes 44 it is pushed to the front tank 45 at lifted vertical rod 37.

After the hydraulic shock the pressure before the large non-return valves 10 drops and they close independently of each other, by the turning downwards of the lever with weight 11. The total force, together with the weight, is directed downwards, and the central vertical rod 37 falls together with the lower membrane 38, the middle membrane 39 and the upper membrane 40. The water goes out through the small flap 41 over it under the lid 42.

The lifting presses 36 come to the lower starting position independently of each other.

The first siphons 1 and the second siphons 2 do not stop simultaneously and they are turned on again by the cross hoses 33 and by the constantly acting upper vacuum siphons 17 and top vacuum siphons 25. They are situated under all the first siphons 1 and second siphons 2 and ensure their fast turning on, with very little interruption between two stoppages, which guarantees a higher efficiency of the system. The outgoing branches 6 eject the water to the rear tank 34. With an increase of the water level in it above the external one, the gate 35 opens and the flow rate and the flow heads of the siphons is not reduced. After filling the front tank 45 up to the water level elevation 51 , the water enters the upper branch 52 of the energy siphon 53, passes through the water turbine 54, and through the top of a gradually widening branch 56. It is turned on by a large vacuum siphon 57 under it through the arcuated hose 58 and the upper curved hose 59. A water turbine 54 turns an electric generator 55 with increased power as a result of the increase of its speed by the vacuum after it and the gradually widening lower branch 56.

In the version of filling the upper tank 80 not from a river water basin, but by using the sea and ocean waves, is built a lifting installation, acting in the following manner:

The turning segment 60 turned around the bottom joint 61 , is in the bottom position defined by the sea level under elevation ±0, the force of rising to the surface 69, its weight and and the unfolded three-joint cover 62. The left joint 70, the middle joint 72 and the right joint 74 lie on the same straight line. When a wave comes, it hits the left radial plane 63 and the lug 64 at the lifted top gate 65. At its impact against the chord-like iron sheet 67 the wave deviates and creeps on it. The reaction from the effect of the three-joint cover unfolded in the bottom position is to a maximum extent because it causes the speed to accelerate. The acceleration multiplied by the large mass of the wave produces a forward inertia force. The wave creeping on the chord-like iron sheet 67 hits from below the left hard iron sheet 71 and the middle joint 72. A small force is required to take it away from the straight line thus to transform the huge reaction in to a huge tensile force. It, along with the inertia force, the potential force, and the force of rising to the surface 69, lifts the turning segment 60, by folding upwards the three-joint cover 62. The water is lifted above the front level 12 to the common upper tank 80. It is enclosed by steel walls 81 , has a hardened bottom 78, lying on a steel structure 79. The lifted long float 76 having a lever with a hook 77 holds the turning segment 60 to the upper curve 68 in the top position. In the reverse way, at emptying, the long float 76 falls and vacates the turning segment 60 in order to turn back in the bottom position. The volumes and flow rates are such that will provide synchronization between the operation of the lifting installation and the coming frequency of the waves. The power rating of a siphon-type HEPP can approximately be determined at waves of 1 metre on average, the elevation at the front level 12 will be 2.5 m, and the tops of the first siphon 1 and the second siphon 2 are 6.5 m. The upper tank 46 will have the elevation 51 , equal to a 15 mteres head.

The first siphon 1 and the second siphon 2 have a section of 80/240 centimeters. The flow rate that will be raised at a water efficiency = 0.3, will be for a width of 1 m. The calculation is: Capacity = 0.3 x 0.8 x 1.3 x 3 x V6.5 = 2.39 rrϊVsec.

The water turbine 54 power rating will be 8 x 2.39 x 15 x 1.4 = 402 kW per 1 m of width, and for 2 500 m., or 1040 siphons, the power rating is = 1 005000 kW, or 1000 siphons produce 1 000 megawatts of power.

In groups of 5 siphons with 12 m wide and 2 to 4 m distance between the groups the effect from the lifting installation with the turning segment 60 increases.

Claims

1. A HEPP with low water heads at rivers and sea waves, including a group of double siphons, connected hydraulically with vacuum siphons and with lifting presses ejecting the water to an front tank, from which an energy siphon with a water turbine and electric generator fitted on draws water, characterized by that in the first siphons (1) at the front branches (3) are put front incoming valves (7), and at the rear branches (4) are put rectangular grates (9), and under them are positioned one over the other the first vacuum siphon (13), the middle vacuum siphon (15), and above it the upper vacuum siphons (17), and in the second siphons (2) are put on front branches (5) large non-return valves (10) with weight (11), and under their tops are: the lower vacuum siphon (21), the rear vacuum siphon (23), and the top vacuum siphons (25), and between all the rear branches (4) and front branches (5) there are lifting presses (36), in which a vertical rod (37) moves centrally, with the following items clamped to it: the lower membrane (38) with the right coupling (49) under the lower membrane (38) which is connected in the lower portion of the front branch (5), which is connected over the large non-return valve (10) by a sloping coupling (50) placed over the lower membrane (38); and under the middle membrane (39) by means of middle couplings (47) joins the outgoing branch (6), and over the middle membrane (39) through the long coupling (48) joins the top of the second siphon (2); and under the upper membrane (40) with the left coupling (46) joins the rear branch (4), and a pressure pipe (44) lifts water to the front tank (45), in which is dipped the top of the upper branch (52) of the energy siphon (53), to which is fitted on a horizontal axis a water turbine (54) with electric generator (55) before of the top of a gradually widening lower branch (56).

2. A HEPP with low water heads according to claims 1 , at a version for utilization of the sea and ocean waves is built a lifting installation, characterized by that a turning segment (60) turns around a bottom joint (61) is formed from a left radial plane (63), a middle radial plane (66), covered by a chord-like iron sheet (67), and having an upper curve (68), as they form a trapezoid float (69), it is held from above articulately by a three-joint cover (62), made of a left joint (70), a middle joint (72) and a right joint (74), lying in the bottom position of a straight line, between them being welded the by a three-joint cover (62), made of a left joint (70), a middle joint (72) and a right joint (74), lying in the bottom position of a straight line, between them being welded the left hard iron sheet (71) and the right hard iron sheet (73), reaching the curved wall (75) with a long float (76), which has a lever with a hook (77); all of the elements that held the trapezoid float (69) are placed in the upper tank (80).

3. A HEPP with low water heads according to claim 1 , characterized by that all the siphons have flat rectangular sections with ratios of heights to widths: for the first siphons (1) the second siphons (2) of 1 :3 to 1 :6, for the gradually widening branch (56) at the top it is 1 :2.5 to 1 :4.5, and at the exit it is 1 :1 to 1 :2, and for: the first vacuum siphon (13), the middle vacuum siphon (15), the upper vacuum siphons (17), the lower vacuum siphon (21), the rear vacuum siphon (23) and the top vacuum siphons (25) at the tops it is 1 :12 to 1 :18, while at the exit it is 1 :6 to 1 :8.

4. A HEPP with low water heads according to claim 1 , characterized by that the ratio of the areas of the sections of the first siphons (1), of the second siphons (2) to the horizontal section of the lifting press (36) at the middle membrane (39) with the upper membrane (40) is 1 :1 :1 to 1 :0.5:0.3.