EP2532015B1 - Parafoudre - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2532015B1
EP2532015B1 EP11702224.4A EP11702224A EP2532015B1 EP 2532015 B1 EP2532015 B1 EP 2532015B1 EP 11702224 A EP11702224 A EP 11702224A EP 2532015 B1 EP2532015 B1 EP 2532015B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
active part
electrodes
connecting element
surge arrester
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11702224.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2532015A1 (fr
Inventor
Lutz Gebhardt
Daniel Egger
Daniel Neeser
Dieter SCHÖN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to EP11702224.4A priority Critical patent/EP2532015B1/fr
Publication of EP2532015A1 publication Critical patent/EP2532015A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2532015B1 publication Critical patent/EP2532015B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of surge arresters according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a modular arrester system as well as a method for producing the surge arrester.
  • Surge arresters are known in various embodiments.
  • EP-A-0 642 141 a surge arrester.
  • This known surge arrester has an active part for dissipating overvoltage, which consists in particular of Varistorblöcken.
  • the active part or the varistor blocks are used in a prefabricated frame made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide.
  • the known frame has laterally frame openings through which the insertion of the diverting elements takes place in the frame.
  • the varistor blocks and the electrodes are firmly clamped by means of a highly electrically conductive clamping device within the frame, whereby on the one hand the Varistorblöcke or the active part is held firmly in the frame and on the other a necessary contact pressure for contacting the varistor blocks are constructed with one another and / or for contacting the varistor block by means of one of the electrodes.
  • the tensioning device which typically has a threaded stud guided in a screw, forms EP-A-0 642 141 at the same time in each case a connection electrode or a connecting sleeve or parts thereof for the surge arrester.
  • the electrode for contacting the varistor block relative to the frame is displaceable such that by turning the threaded pin, the initially spaced from the varistor block electrode can be brought into contact with the varistor and pressurized.
  • the frame with the varistor blocks inserted therein is completely enveloped by a jacket with shields.
  • the coat with the umbrellas is also called weatherproof housing.
  • Another surge arrester is from the EP-A-0 614 198 known.
  • the diverting elements are arranged between connection fittings, which in turn are connected by means of loops.
  • a contact electrode for contacting the varistor and the Varistorblocks is braced against each other. This also builds up the necessary contact pressure between the varistor blocks with each other and between the contact electrodes and the varistor blocks applied thereto.
  • Each of the loops is made of wound glass fiber reinforced tapes embedded in a plastic matrix.
  • the diverting elements and the loops are complete and the connection fittings are at least partially enclosed by a shielded cast housing made of insulating material, which forms a weatherproof housing.
  • the clamping device is formed by an insulating tube into which one of the fittings is screwed end. Between the valves, in turn, a discharge element is arranged. By screwing the valve into the insulating tube, the fittings, the insulating tube and the diverter are firmly braced against each other. Further, this document shows that the insulating tube is preferably made of a thermoplastic polymer and a filler incorporated therein, such as glass fibers.
  • the insulating tube is the end with lids of insulating material after mounting the diverter and the fittings in Insulating tube closed.
  • the same insulating material is used for the lid and the closure is preferably done by means of ultrasound.
  • a surge arrester in which the diverting elements, heat absorbing elements and connection fittings are inserted into a prefabricated tube made of polyethylene. After insertion of the diverting elements, heat-absorbing elements and connection fittings, the tube is shrunk in such a way that the diverting elements, heat-absorbing elements and connection fittings are pressed firmly against one another.
  • surge arresters are off WO 97/32382 known.
  • a first off WO 97/32382 known surge arrester has reinforcing strips for reinforcement in the axial direction of the surge arrester, which are embedded in a plastic matrix.
  • a second, also in WO 97/32382 disclosed surge arrester has a made of an insulating compound member which holds electrodes and varistor blocks together.
  • the connecting element has a base layer of a resin material.
  • the connecting element on one or more outer layers, which are also made of resin material. In the resin material of the outer layers, relatively short fiber bundles are mixed.
  • Surge arresters which may be used in medium and high voltage networks must comply, inter alia, with the IEC 60099 standard.
  • surge arresters there is the problem that under overuse of the diverting element, that is, if the active part with the varistor has absorbed too great an energy due to too high a temporary overvoltage or too high a line discharge, gas formation can occur within the active part. If the gas can not escape from the surge arrester, this leads to an explosion of the surge arrester. This poses a risk to the system itself, in which the surge arrester is arranged, as well as to persons who are employed in the immediate vicinity of the surge arrester.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a trap which is inexpensive manufacturable, reliable in operation and meets the relevant safety standards.
  • this object is achieved by a surge arrester having the features of claim 1, by a modular arrester system having the features of claim 20 and by a method for producing a surge arrester according to claims 21 and 22.
  • the surge arrester according to the invention has an active part and two electrodes resting against the active part and a connecting element made of an insulating material, in which the active part and the electrodes are arranged.
  • the connecting element disappears during its production.
  • the shrinkage of the connecting element during cooling and / or curing, the electrodes are pressed firmly against the active part, whereby a good electrical contact between the respective electrode and the active part is made.
  • it can be ensured by the shrinkage, that the connecting element is applied directly to the active part, which can penetrate between the connecting element and active part no impurities such as water during operation of the surge arrester. This increases the reliability of the surge arrester.
  • the connecting element bears radially directly on the active part, whereby the mechanical properties of the surge arrester are improved over the prior art, in particular with respect to shear forces.
  • the small number of items allows a very cost-effective production.
  • the design of the connecting element can be optimized for strength, since after its production, no further elements are to be introduced into the connecting element, as is partially the case in the prior art, see, for example EP-A-0 642 141 , Consequently, the mechanical strength of the connecting element can be optimized and the cost of materials for the connecting element can be minimized. Consequently, costs can be reduced while complying with the relevant safety requirements and standards.
  • the surge arrester according to the invention is easier to manufacture, since no special clamping elements such as screws and setscrews - as known in the art - are necessary for the production of the contact pressure between the electrodes and the active part.
  • the connector is formed by direct potting around the electrodes and the active part.
  • the direct potting allows the connecting element to be directly adjacent, without gaps, around the active part. This means that no cavities occur in particular in the radial direction between the active part and the connecting element.
  • the surge arrester has particularly favorable electrical properties, in particular, as a result no moisture or water can accumulate between the active part and the connecting element during the operating period of the surge arrester.
  • the connecting element has a homogeneous structure and a homogeneous material structure. This construction of the connecting element allows its complete production by means of an injection molding process. Consequently, the surge arrester according to claim 2 can be manufactured extremely cost-effectively, since this can be manufactured largely fully automatically.
  • the surge arrester has no reinforcement connecting the electrodes to one another.
  • the insertion of a reinforcement would force a further production step before the injection or introduction of the material into the mold for the production of the connecting element.
  • This additional manufacturing step is extremely bad - if anything - automatable. Consequently, as a result of the omission of reinforcements, the surge arrester can be manufactured substantially more cost-effectively than in the prior art.
  • the connecting element surrounds the active part and the electrodes both radially and axially with respect to the axis.
  • FIG. 1 shows a surge arrester according to the invention 10.
  • the surge arrester 10 essentially comprises the following elements: an active part 12, two electrodes 14, 16 and a the active part 12 and the electrodes 14, 16 interconnecting, made of an insulating material connecting element 18th
  • the active part 12 has at least one with respect to the current-voltage ratio nonlinear resistance, in particular a non-linear resistor based on zinc oxide (ZnO). Such non-linear resistors are also referred to as varistors.
  • the active part 12 has substantially the shape of a straight circular cylinder with axis A, wherein each of the two end faces of the circular cylinder as a contact surface 13 for electrically contacting the active part 12 by means of one of the two electrodes 14, 16 is formed.
  • Other forms for the active part 12 are in principle also possible, in particular a hollow cylindrical shape.
  • the axis A of the circular cylinder or the active part 12 lies on an axis A of the surge arrester 10.
  • the surge arrester 10 fulfills the IEC 60099 standard.
  • the surge arrester 10 has at least a nominal voltage of 1 kV (one kilovolt). Consequently blocks the active part 12, if a voltage lower than the nominal voltage applied to the active part 12.
  • the active part 12 is conductive. Consequently, voltages which are greater than the rated voltage, which are also referred to as overvoltages, are derived by the surge arrester 10.
  • the first electrode 14 of the two electrodes 14, 16 In the direction of the axis A is on one side of the active part 12, the first electrode 14 of the two electrodes 14, 16 to the active part 12 at. At the first electrode 14 opposite side of the active part 12, the second electrode 16 is located on the Discharge element 12 at. Consequently, in the direction of the axis A on one side of the active part 12, the first electrode and on the other side, the second electrode 16 is arranged, wherein the second electrode 16 in the direction of the axis A with respect to the active part 12 of the first electrode 14 opposite.
  • the electrodes 14, 16 are additionally attached to the active part 12 with an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the two electrodes 14, 16 - the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 16 - each have a contact surface, which is intended to abut the respective contact surface 13 of the active part 12.
  • the two electrodes 14, 16 each have a connecting and contacting region 17.
  • the connecting element 18 is injected, for example, in an injection molding process around the active part 12 and around the two electrodes 14, 16. This method is an example of a direct potting. Consequently, the connecting element 18 encloses the active part 12 and the two electrodes 14, 16. In particular, the connecting element 18 bears radially with respect to the axis A directly to the active part 12. Due to the fact that the connecting element 18 contracts on shrinkage and / or hardening in the direction of the axis A by shrinkage, each of the two electrodes 14, 16 with respect to the active part 12 is subjected to a pressure, so that between each of the two electrodes 14, 16 and Active part 12 a good electrical connection is made.
  • the connecting element 18 by encapsulation of the active part 12 and the two electrodes 14, 16, an internal stress in the connecting element 18 can be constructed, which clamps the electrodes 14, 16 and the active part 12 against each other. Consequently, the connecting element 18 presses the two electrodes 14, 16 in the direction of the axis A to the active part, wherein the voltage in the connecting element 18 for pressing the electrodes 14,16 to the active part 12 is established by the manufacturing process.
  • the connecting element 18 by encapsulation of the active part and the two electrodes 14, 16, consequently, in contrast to the prior art to a separate element or device for building up the mechanical tension for clamping the active part 12 with the electrodes 14, 16 be waived.
  • Next can be dispensed with a special, necessary to build up this voltage step.
  • the first electrode 14 as well as the second electrode 16 with respect to the connecting element 18 is arranged stationary.
  • the connecting element 18 By the production of the connecting element 18 by injection molding and by the production of the connecting element 18 by encapsulation of the active part 12 and the two electrodes 14, 16, it is possible to form the connecting element 18 with particularly favorable mechanical properties at low cost of materials. Further, thanks to the extremely simple structure of the surge arrester 10 made of active part 12, electrodes 14, 16 and connecting element 18, the manufacturing process can be largely automated, whereby the reduction in manufacturing costs can be achieved. The automation of the manufacturing process is made possible in particular by the fact that a separate element or device for building up the voltage for clamping the active part 12 with the electrodes 14, 16 is dispensed with. Next can be dispensed with a special step for building up the voltage, since the mechanical tension of active part 12 and the two electrodes 14, 16 takes place by the cooling and / or curing of the connecting element 18.
  • the connecting element 18 has passage openings 30 in a region adjacent to a jacket region of the active part 12, that is to say in the direction of the axis A between the two electrodes 14, 16. These through-holes 30 serve to dissipate a gas which forms at most in the event of a fault of the active part 12 in the interior of the connecting element, without the connecting element 18 being destroyed in an explosive manner. Through the passage openings 30 in particular an explosive destruction of the surge arrester 10 is prevented in the event of a fault.
  • the through holes 30 are formed in forming the connecting member 18.
  • gas outlet openings are formed, through which gas, which can form within the connecting element in the event of a fault, can flow out. Due to the formation of the passage openings 30 in Area of the connecting element 18, which adjoins the jacket region of the active part 12, can consequently flow outward radially with respect to the axis A, which at most forms in the region of the active part 12.
  • the connecting element 18 has at least two and / or at most twenty through openings 30.
  • the connecting element 18 preferably has at least three and at most ten passage openings 30, particularly preferably at least three and at most five passage openings 30.
  • the clear cross-sectional areas of the passage openings 30 are at least substantially equal to each other. Further, the through holes 30 are formed at regular intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis A to each other on the connecting element 18. As a result, the connecting element 18 has a cage-like structure. The manufacturing process makes it possible for the connecting element 18 with this structure to be produced in one piece or to be able to be manufactured in one piece.
  • the cage-like structure is characterized in particular in that the active part 12 can not escape through the passage openings 30. As a result, ejection of the active part 12 or parts or large fractions thereof out of the connecting element 18 can be prevented in an advantageous manner.
  • the cage-like structure thus contributes directly to safety in the event of a fault. If the active part 12 is overloaded in the event of a fault due to excessive overvoltage, this can lead to gas formation and / or fragmentation of the active part 12. The resulting gases could cause fragments to be thrown off.
  • the connecting element 18 of the inventive surge arrester 10 effectively prevents the throwing away of fragments.
  • the cage-like structure is further characterized in that the electrodes 14, 16 in the direction of the axis A as well as in the radial direction are positively held within the connecting element 18.
  • the connecting element 18 surrounds the active part 12 and the electrodes 14, 16 radially as well as axially with respect to the axis A.
  • the connecting element 18 completely surrounds the active part 12 and the electrodes 14, 16 except in the connection and contacting area 17 in the direction of the axis A. As stated, the connecting element 18 in the circumferential direction. Through openings 30.
  • the cage-like structure prevents the electrodes 14, 16 from being thrown out of the connecting element 18 in the event of a fault, in particular in the direction of the axis A.
  • the passage openings can also have different clear diameters, in which case attention must be paid to regular training in the circumferential direction. For example, can follow a passage opening with a larger clear diameter, a passage opening with a smaller clear diameter, wherein the passage opening with the smaller clear diameter again followed by a passage opening with the larger clear diameter. Other sequences, for example with three different clear diameters, are also conceivable.
  • the mechanical stability of the connecting element 18 with respect to the mechanical tension of active part 12 and the two electrodes 14, 16 on the one hand and the mechanical requirements of the connecting element 18 can be optimized in case of failure. In the event of a fault, the mechanical requirements for the connecting element 18 are characterized in particular by the fact that at most gas has to escape from the interior of the connecting element 18, but no large fragments may be ejected from the interior of the connecting element 18.
  • a total area, that is to say the accumulated surface area of the passage openings 30, is between 20% and 90%, preferably between 30% and 80% and particularly preferably between 40% and 70% of the lateral surface of the active part 12.
  • the lateral surface of the active part 12 is that part the surface of the Active part 12, which in the direction of the axis A between the two contact surfaces 13, to which each one of the two electrodes 14, 16 is located.
  • the total area of the through openings 30 can amount to at least 33% of the lateral surface of the active part 12.
  • the through openings 30 preferably have at least approximately an elliptical shape, with the longer of the two ellipse axes extending in the direction of the axis A. This ensures that the connecting element 18 has particularly good mechanical properties.
  • connection element 18 can be manufactured completely by means of injection molding, a material is used for the connecting element 18 which is suitable for injection molding. These are in particular homogeneous materials. Homogeneous materials also include macroscopically homogeneous mixtures of materials such as those set out below. Consequently, the connection element 18, which is produced entirely by injection molding, itself likewise has an at least macroscopically homogeneous structure and an at least macroscopically homogeneous material structure.
  • the structure of the connecting element 18 does not have different and / or not multiple layers. Further, no reinforcements such as bands or the like are inserted or embedded in the connecting element, which connect the two electrodes together. Such reinforcements would lead to an inhomogeneous construction of the connecting element and make impossible the complete manufacture of the connecting element by means of injection molding, since the reinforcements must be inserted into the injection mold before injecting the material into the latter. Consequently, the electrodes 14, 16 in the fully injection molded connector 18 are solely interconnected therewith.
  • the connecting element 18 is preferably made of a thermoset material. This may contain as a filler inextensible fiber or balls. Furthermore, further additives may be contained in the connecting element 18. As fibers, glass fiber, basalt fibers and aramid fibers are conceivable. The fiber length must be suitable for the injection molding process or the pressure casting process.
  • the connecting element 18 can also be made of a plastic.
  • the material used for the connecting element 18 must in particular fulfill the condition that the material does not creep or almost does not creep, since otherwise the contact pressure between the electrodes 14, 16 and the active part 12 decreases over the operating time.
  • the material should network.
  • the material must be electrically insulating. Again, fillers, additives and / or fibers can be added to the plastic as stated above.
  • the two electrodes 14, 16 are preferably made of a highly electrically conductive sheet, such as aluminum, steel, bronze or copper or their alloys and preferably have a sheet thickness of, for example, 0.1 mm to 6 mm, preferably from 0.5 mm to 4 mm and most special preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • connection and contacting region 17 of the two electrodes 14, 16 may be formed differently.
  • the connection and contacting region 17 of the first electrode 14 of the two electrodes 14, 16 is intended to be connected to a connection fitting or, as described in connection with FIG Fig. 9 described to cooperate with the second electrode 16 of another surge arrester 10 'together.
  • the surge arrester 10 and the further surge arrester 10 ' are preferably formed largely the same, but may in particular have an active part 12 for different rated voltages.
  • the first electrode 14 has a pin extension 50, which is intended to cooperate with a mounting hole 52 of the second electrode 16.
  • the surge arrester 10 on the one hand, the first electrode 14 with the pin extension 50 and on the other hand, the second electrode 16 with the mounting hole 52, several surge arresters 10 can be strung together, the pin extension 50 and the mounting hole 52 are matched to each other, that by Inserting the pin extension 50 in the mounting hole 52 a mechanically strong and electrically good conductive connection is made.
  • connection and contacting region 17 of the first electrode 14 and / or the second electrode 16 also be designed differently. Furthermore, the connection and contacting region 17 of the first and / or the second electrode 14, 16 can also be designed as a connection fitting.
  • FIG. 5 and 7 each shows an embodiment which is formed largely the same as the first, in FIG. 1 and 2 shown embodiment, but with differently shaped electrodes 14, 16.
  • Die FIG. 6 and 8 each show an embodiment which is largely the same, as the second, in FIG. 3 and 4 shown embodiment, but with differently shaped electrodes 14, 16th
  • electrodes 14, 16 are formed such that the electrodes 14, 16 are screwed together.
  • the first electrode 14 has a screw thread arranged radially on the outside in the connection and contacting region 17.
  • the second electrode 16 has a radially inner screw thread, which is intended to be screwed onto the screw thread of the first electrode 14 or onto a correspondingly identical screw thread.
  • electrodes 14, 16 are formed such that the electrodes 14, 16 are welded together.
  • the electrodes 14 16 may be the same in this case.
  • arrester 10 is manufactured as follows.
  • the active part 12 and the two electrodes 14, 16 are placed in a mold, in particular injection mold, wherein the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 16 each abut with their contact surface on one of the two contact surfaces 13 of the active part 12.
  • a mold in particular injection mold
  • the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 16 are preferably pressed firmly against the active part 12.
  • the shape is designed such that after spraying the connecting element 18, as in connection with the FIG. 1 and 2 described results.
  • the radial slide serve to form the through holes 30 in the connecting element 18.
  • the material for producing the connecting element 18 is injected into the mold. Upon cooling and / or curing of this material, this shrinks in particular in the direction of the axis A, whereby a voltage is built up in the connecting element 18, which presses the two electrodes 14, 16 firmly against the active part 12. This voltage ensures a sufficient contact pressure for electrically contacting the active part 12 by the two electrodes 14, 16 sure.
  • the connecting element 18 can also be produced by a pressing process.
  • the material for producing the connecting element 18 is provided, for example, in the form of mats or the like.
  • the material is inserted into a mold, in particular a press mold.
  • the mold has recesses which correspond to the negative shape of the connecting element 18.
  • the active part 12 and the two electrodes 14, 16 are inserted into the mold.
  • the electrodes 14, 16 and the active part 12 the mold is closed.
  • the connecting element 18 is made of the material, wherein the material hardens and shrinks analogous to the injection molding process.
  • the electrodes 14, 16 are pressed against the active part analogously to the production method by means of injection molding.
  • This pressing method is another example of a direct potting.
  • the active part 12 next to the varistor further elements such as metal blocks have.
  • the active part can also be formed only by one metal block or a plurality of metal blocks.
  • the active part 12 may comprise a plurality of varistors.
  • Metal blocks can be used to dissipate heat from the varistor and / or to increase the creepage distance between the connection fittings of the surge arrester.
  • varistor and / or the further elements can be enveloped or wrapped with a non-conductive material.
  • a wrapping material may be, for example, a glass fiber, aramid fiber or basalt fiber. Instead of fibers, bands can also be used.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 a second embodiment of the inventive surge arrester 10 is shown.
  • the in FIG. 3 and 4 shown Surge arrester 10 is largely similar to that in connection with FIG. 1 and 2 described surge arrester 10 is formed.
  • the surge arrester 10 according to the second embodiment has a housing or weatherproof housing 40.
  • the housing 40 is preferably made of silicone and encloses the connecting element 18 with the active part 12 in the circumferential direction completely. In the direction of the axis 10, the housing 40 extends over the full height of the surge arrester 10.
  • the housing 40 has in the direction of the axis A in the region of the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 16 screens 42.
  • the housing 40 has a wall thickness which is chosen such that, in the event of a fault, gas can escape from the connecting element 18 through the through openings 30 at least almost unhindered.
  • the housing or weatherproof housing 40 can be damaged, for example by tearing open the housing 40 in that area which abuts against the passage openings 30 of the connecting element 18, so that the gas can escape at least almost unhindered.
  • the housing 40 can also be manufactured without screens 42.
  • the housing 40 may have - except at most in the area of the screens 42 - an at least approximately uniform wall thickness of, for example, between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 6 mm and more preferably between 2 mm and 3 mm. Consequently, the passage openings formed in the connecting element 18 are also distinguished from the housing 40. Due to the at least approximately uniform wall thickness - except at most in the area of the screens 42 - the problem-free gas outlet is made possible in the event of a fault.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 shown surge 10 is largely the same as that associated with Fig. 1 and 2 produced surge arrester produced.
  • the housing 40 is sprayed around the connecting element 18 with the electrodes 14, 16 and the active part 12.
  • the Housing also prefabricated and pushed onto the connecting element 18 with the electrodes 14, 16 and the active part 12.
  • FIG. 9 and 10 In each case a modular arrester system 60 is shown. These arrester systems 60 are modular in connection with FIG. 1 and 8th described surge arrester 10 constructed.
  • prefabricated surge arresters 10 as in FIG. 1, 2 . 3, 4 . 5, 6, 7 or 8 shown lined up in the direction of the axis A and electrically and mechanically connected to each other via the electrodes 14, 16.
  • the connection is preferably carried out in the region of the directly successive electrodes of two surge arresters 10 which are adjacent in the direction A, for example by pressing in the in FIG. 1-4 shown pin attachment 50 in the correspondingly shaped mounting hole 52 also in FIG. 1-4 Alternatively, for example, the in FIG.
  • the housing 40 may be disposed on each surge arrester 10.
  • the in FIG. 10 two-piece housing 40 may also be integrally formed.
  • the modular arrester system 60 is manufactured as follows. Multiple surge arresters as in 1 and 2 are connected to each other at the electrodes 14, 16 mechanically as well as electrically. Subsequently, the housing 40 is formed over the entire length in the direction of the axis A of the arrester system 60, for example by pushing a prefabricated housing 40th
  • the active part 12 used in the surge arresters 10 may be designed, for example, for a rated voltage of 4 kV (kilovolts) or 6 kV.
  • the lead-off system 60 can be constructed with rated voltages in steps of 4 kV or 6 kV from the surge arresters 10.
  • the nominal voltages of the surge arresters are not limited to 4 kV and 6 kV, but other rated voltages can also be selected. Consequently, the arrester system 60 can be modularly constructed in arbitrary steps of, for example, 1 kV, 2 kV, 3 kV, or even 0.5 kV or 10 kV .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Parafoudre présentant une partie active (12) qui présente au moins un élément d'évacuation d'énergie, en particulier une varistance, de préférence à base de ZnO, et une tension nominale d'au moins 1 kV,
    la partie active (12) ayant une forme cylindrique et s'étendant le long d'un axe (A),
    deux électrodes (14, 16) appliquées contre la partie active (12) et disposées l'une en face de l'autre dans la direction de l'axe (A) et un élément de liaison (18), l'élément de liaison (18) étant réalisé en une matière synthétique non fissurable et électriquement isolante et repoussant les électrodes (14, 16) fermement contre la partie active (12) pour assurer la mise en contact électrique de la partie active (12) au moyen des électrodes (14, 16),
    l'élément de liaison (18) reposant au moins radialement par rapport à l'axe (A) directement contre la partie active (12) et l'élément de liaison (18) repoussant les électrodes (14, 16) en direction de l'axe (A) contre la partie active (12) suite au retrait de l'élément de liaison (18) dans la direction de l'axe (A) pendant sa fabrication,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément de liaison (18) des ouvertures de passage (30) présente entre les deux électrodes (14, 16) et
    en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) est formé par coulée directe autour des électrodes (14, 16) et de la partie active (12).
  2. Parafoudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) présente une structure homogène au moins au niveau macroscopique et une structure matérielle homogène au moins au niveau macroscopique.
  3. Parafoudre selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le parafoudre (10) ne présente pas d'épaississement qui relie l'une à l'autre les électrodes (14, 16).
  4. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) englobe la partie active (12) et les électrodes (14, 16) radialement et axialement par rapport à l'axe (A).
  5. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le parafoudre (10) ne présente pas d'autres dispositif repoussant les électrodes (14, 16) contre la partie active (12).
  6. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) est réalisé par une opération de moulage par injection ou de compression.
  7. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de passage (30) sont des ouvertures de sortie de gaz par lesquelles le gaz qui peut se former à l'intérieur de l'élément de liaison (18) peut s'écouler radialement vers l'extérieur.
  8. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) présente dans la direction périphérique par rapport à l'axe (A) au moins 2 et/ou au plus 20 ouvertures de passage (30), de préférence entre 3 et au plus 10 ouvertures de passage (30) et de façon particulièrement préférable au moins 3 et au plus 5 ouvertures de passage (30).
  9. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la surface totale des ouvertures de passage (30) représente entre 20 % et 90 %, de préférence entre 30 % et 80 % et de façon particulièrement préférable entre 40 % et 70 % de la surface d'enveloppe de la partie active (12).
  10. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de passage (30) présentent une forme au moins approximativement elliptique, le plus long des deux axes des ellipses s'étendant dans la direction de l'axe (A) de la partie active (12).
  11. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) est réalisé en une matière synthétique qui contient un matériau thermodurcissable.
  12. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) est réalisé en une seule pièce.
  13. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) englobe la partie active (12) et les deux électrodes (14, 16).
  14. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (14, 16) sont réalisées en tôle électriquement conductrice.
  15. Parafoudre selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la tôle présente une épaisseur de 0,1 mm à 6 mm, de préférence de 0,5 mm à 4 mm et de façon particulièrement préférable de 1 mm à 3 mm.
  16. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (14, 16) sont disposées en un emplacement fixe par rapport à l'élément de liaison (18).
  17. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (14, 16) sont configurées comme armatures de raccordement ou électrodes de liaison.
  18. Parafoudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de liaison (18) et la partie active (12) qui y est disposée sont englobés au moins dans la direction périphérique par rapport à l'axe par un boîtier (40) et en particulier un boîtier de protection contre les intempéries.
  19. Parafoudre selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (40), à l'exception en tout cas du niveau d'un écran (42), présente une paroi d'une épaisseur au moins approximativement uniforme comprise par exemple entre 1 mm et 10 mm, de préférence entre 1 mm et 6 mm et de façon particulièrement préférable entre 2 mm et 3 mm.
  20. Système (60) d'évacuation d'énergie de structure modulaire, constitué d'au moins deux parafoudres (10, 10') selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, la première électrode (14) de l'un des parafoudres (10) étant raccordée électriquement et mécaniquement à la deuxième électrode (16) de l'autre parafoudre (10') des deux ou plusieurs parafoudres (10, 10').
  21. Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, dans lequel le parafoudre (10) présente une partie active (12) qui présente au moins un élément d'évacuation d'énergie, en particulier un varistance à base de ZnO, la partie active (12) ayant une forme cylindrique, s'étendant le long d'un axe (A) et présentant dans la direction de l'axe (A) deux surfaces de contact (13) maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre, le procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :
    • insertion de la partie active (12) et de deux électrodes (14, 16) dans un moule, en particulier un moule de moulage par injection, la partie active (12) et les électrodes (14, 16) étant insérées de telle sorte qu'une première (14) des deux électrodes (14, 16) repose contre une (13) des surfaces de contact et une deuxième (16) des deux électrodes (14, 16) contre l'autre surface de contact de la partie active (12),
    • englobement de la partie active (12) et des électrodes (14, 16) par un matériau formant un élément de liaison (18), des ouvertures de passage (30) étant ménagées dans l'élément de liaison (18) pendant l'injection et
    • retrait du matériau en vue de former l'élément de liaison (18) dans la direction de l'axe (A) pendant le refroidissement et/ou le durcissement dans le moule, de telle sorte que les électrodes (14, 16) sont repoussées contre la partie active (12),
    • le matériau de formation de l'élément de liaison étant une matière synthétique non fissurable et électriquement isolante.
  22. Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, dans lequel le parafoudre (10) présente une partie active (12) qui présente au moins un élément d'évacuation d'énergie, en particulier une varistance à base de ZnO, la partie active (12) ayant une forme cylindrique, s'étendant le long d'un axe (A) et présentant dans la direction de l'axe (A) deux surfaces de contact (13) maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre, le procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :
    • insertion d'un matériau dans un moule, en particulier un moule de compression, le matériau étant destiné à former un élément de liaison (18) qui repousse fermement les électrodes (14, 16) contre la partie active (12) pour assurer le contact électrique de la partie active (12) au moyen des électrodes (14, 16) et
    • insertion de la partie active (12) et de deux électrodes (14, 16) dans un moule, en particulier un moule de moulage par injection, la partie active (12) et les électrodes (14, 16) étant insérées de telle sorte qu'une première (14) des deux électrodes (14, 16) repose contre une (13) des surfaces de contact et une deuxième (16) des deux électrodes (14, 16) contre l'autre surface de contact de la partie active (12),
    • compression de la partie active (12), des électrodes (14, 16) et du matériau, suite à quoi l'élément de liaison (18) est formé par le matériau, des ouvertures de passage (30) étant ménagées dans l'élément de liaison (18) pendant la compression et
    • retrait du matériau en vue de former l'élément de liaison (18) dans la direction de l'axe (A) pendant le refroidissement et/ou le durcissement dans le moule, de telle sorte que les électrodes (14, 16) sont repoussées contre la partie active (12),
    le matériau de formation de l'élément de liaison étant une matière synthétique non fissurable et électriquement isolante.
  23. Procédé selon les revendications 21 ou 22, caractérisé par la poussée d'éléments du moule qui forment les ouvertures de passage (30) du parafoudre (10) contre la partie active (12).
  24. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 21 à 23, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de formation de l'élément de liaison est une matière synthétique thermodurcissable.
  25. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 21 à 24, caractérisé en ce que les deux électrodes (14, 16) sont repoussées contre la partie active (12) au moyen d'un poussoir mobile dans la direction de l'axe (A), après l'insertion des électrodes (14, 16) et de la partie active (12) dans le moule.
EP11702224.4A 2010-02-05 2011-02-04 Parafoudre Active EP2532015B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11702224.4A EP2532015B1 (fr) 2010-02-05 2011-02-04 Parafoudre

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10152777 2010-02-05
EP11702224.4A EP2532015B1 (fr) 2010-02-05 2011-02-04 Parafoudre
PCT/EP2011/051655 WO2011095590A1 (fr) 2010-02-05 2011-02-04 Limiteur de surtension

Publications (2)

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EP2532015A1 EP2532015A1 (fr) 2012-12-12
EP2532015B1 true EP2532015B1 (fr) 2015-05-27

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EP11702224.4A Active EP2532015B1 (fr) 2010-02-05 2011-02-04 Parafoudre

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US (1) US8593775B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2532015B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102725805B (fr)
WO (1) WO2011095590A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3023998B1 (fr) 2014-11-21 2018-05-02 ABB Schweiz AG Limiteur de surtension multi-terminal
EP3520123A4 (fr) 2016-09-28 2020-05-27 ABB Schweiz AG Parasurtenseur et procédé de fabrication associé
WO2019140586A1 (fr) 2018-01-18 2019-07-25 Abb Schweiz Ag Parasurtenseur et procédé de fabrication associé
US11757279B2 (en) * 2020-08-25 2023-09-12 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Surge arrester for fire mitigation
WO2023242115A1 (fr) * 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Hitachi Energy Ltd Parasurtenseur enveloppé composite amélioré et ses procédés de fourniture

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU603020B2 (en) 1988-12-06 1990-11-01 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Surge arrester
US4930039A (en) 1989-04-18 1990-05-29 Cooper Industries, Inc. Fail-safe surge arrester
CH682858A5 (de) * 1991-12-04 1993-11-30 Asea Brown Boveri Ueberspannungsableiter.
DE4306691A1 (de) 1993-03-04 1994-11-03 Abb Management Ag Ueberspannungsableiter
SI0642141T1 (en) 1993-09-06 1997-10-31 Asea Brown Boveri Surge arrester
WO1997032319A1 (fr) 1996-03-01 1997-09-04 Cooper Industries, Inc. Module limiteur de surtension a autocompression, et procede de fabrication associe
DE19650579A1 (de) 1996-12-06 1998-06-10 Asea Brown Boveri Überspannungsableiter
US6396676B1 (en) 1997-02-25 2002-05-28 Bowthrope Industries Limited Electrical surge arresters
DE50311891D1 (de) * 2003-02-12 2009-10-22 Abb Technology Ag Aktivteil für einen Überspannungsableiter

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Publication number Publication date
CN102725805B (zh) 2016-03-09
EP2532015A1 (fr) 2012-12-12
US8593775B2 (en) 2013-11-26
US20120293905A1 (en) 2012-11-22
WO2011095590A1 (fr) 2011-08-11
CN102725805A (zh) 2012-10-10

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