EP2531794B1 - Verfahren und anwendung zur lufttrennung durch kryogene destillation - Google Patents

Verfahren und anwendung zur lufttrennung durch kryogene destillation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2531794B1
EP2531794B1 EP11707452.6A EP11707452A EP2531794B1 EP 2531794 B1 EP2531794 B1 EP 2531794B1 EP 11707452 A EP11707452 A EP 11707452A EP 2531794 B1 EP2531794 B1 EP 2531794B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
condenser
evaporator
cryogenic
compressor
air
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EP11707452.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2531794A1 (de
Inventor
Benoît DAVIDIAN
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04418—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system with thermally overlapping high and low pressure columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J2200/06—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flow-sheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/40—Features relating to the provision of boil-up in the bottom of a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
    • F25J2200/54—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column in the low pressure column of a double pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for air separation by cryogenic distillation. It is known to distill the air in a double column comprising a medium pressure column thermally connected to a low pressure column which overcomes it.
  • the thermal bond between the two columns can be obtained by using two vaporizers placed one above the other in the low pressure column.
  • the lowest vaporizer can be heated by means of a flow of nitrogen withdrawn from the medium pressure column and then compressed in a cold compressor and the upper vaporizer can be heated by a flow of medium pressure nitrogen taken from the medium pressure column. without having been compressed upstream of the vaporizer.
  • a cold compressor is a compressor having a cryogenic inlet temperature, a cryogenic temperature being below -50 ° C.
  • the compressed nitrogen in the cold compressor must be condensed in the lower vaporizer of the low pressure column.
  • the cold compressed fluid therefore arrives relatively hot in the vaporizer, with a large ⁇ T before starting to condense: this means that even if the vaporizer has a low temperature nip, the ⁇ T hot end is relatively important.
  • vaporizer-condenser If the vaporizer-condenser has malfunctions, including partial blockage or poor distribution, there is a high risk of dry vaporization locally, which affects the safety of the device due to the presence of impurities of the type CnHm with a fluid rich in oxygen. This is especially noticeable on a film evaporator-condenser.
  • FR-A-2930329 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to avoid malfunctions of the vaporizer-condenser.
  • a circulating fluid for example medium pressure nitrogen
  • a circulating fluid for example medium pressure nitrogen
  • a part condensed fluid in the condenser vaporizer at the inlet of the vaporizer-condenser, to bring it back to its dew point, before being condensed.
  • a method of separating air in a column system by cryogenic distillation in which compressed, purified and cooled air is separated in the column system to form a flow enriched with oxygen and a flow enriched in nitrogen in which at least one column of the column system contains a vaporizer-condenser for vaporizing an oxygen-enriched liquid with respect to the air by means of a heat exchange with a fluid calorigenic, the caloric fluid having been compressed upstream of the vaporizer-condenser in a compressor having a cryogenic inlet temperature, the calorigenic fluid being at least partially condensed in the vaporizer-condenser characterized in that a cryogenic liquid is added to the fluid calorigen upstream of the vaporizer-condenser.
  • the invention also includes an oxy-fuel combustion plant comprising an air separation apparatus as described above and an oxygen-supplied boiler produced by the air separation apparatus.
  • An air flow 1 is compressed in a compressor (not shown) to 4 bar and then divided into two; a part 3 of the air cools in an exchange line 9 and is sent to the medium pressure column 11 of a double column.
  • the double column comprises a medium pressure column 11 and a low pressure column 13 thermally connected to each other, the low pressure column surmounting the medium pressure column.
  • the low pressure column 13 contains a tank vaporizer 15 and an intermediate vaporizer 17.
  • the intermediate vaporizer 17 is heated by means of a fraction 33 of a nitrogen flow 31 withdrawn from the medium pressure column at the pressure of the head of the medium pressure column.
  • Another fraction 37 of the nitrogen medium nitrogen pressure is compressed in a compressor 61 having a cryogenic inlet temperature.
  • the fraction is cooled at the outlet of this cold compressor 61 by direct contact with a cryogenic liquid 45, to be returned to its dew point, before being condensed.
  • the cryogenic liquid 45 preferably comprises a portion of the fluid that has just condensed in the vessel vaporizer 15.
  • the cryogenic liquid contains at least 70 mol%. nitrogen, or even at least 90 mol%. nitrogen.
  • the gas and the liquid 45 can be brought into contact directly in the pipework or in specific equipment, by means of injection nozzles, of physical contactors, the liquid 45 being compressed either by hydrostatic height or using a pump.
  • the remainder of the condensed liquid in the vessel vaporizer 15 is sent at the top of the low pressure column 13 to form reflux.
  • An oxygen-enriched liquid 49 and a nitrogen-enriched liquid 53 are sent from the medium-pressure column 11 to the low-pressure column 13.
  • a flow of liquid oxygen 19 is withdrawn from the tank of the low pressure column, pressurized to a low pressure of 1.5 to 4 bar by a pump 21 and then vaporized in a vaporizer 23 by heat exchange with the air.
  • a non-vaporized portion of the oxygen is withdrawn as purge 25.
  • the vessel vaporizer 15 is preferably a film.
  • a portion 39 of the medium pressure nitrogen is heated in the exchange line 9, is expanded in a turbine 41 and then again warms in the exchange line 9.
  • the invention applies to any compressed gas in a cold compressor, which must condense in a vaporizer where there is a risk of dry vaporization vis-à-vis oxygen in the presence of impurity type C n H m.
  • cryogenic liquid added upstream of the cold compressor comes from the column system but the liquid can come from an external source and can for example be taken from a storage of liquid or liquid liquids stored in a rocking system .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zur Trennung von Luft in einem Kolonnensystem (11, 13) durch Tieftemperaturdestillation, wobei verdichtete, gereinigte und abgekühlte Luft in dem Kolonnensystem getrennt wird, um einen mit Sauerstoff angereicherten Strom und einen mit Stickstoff angereicherten Strom zu bilden, wobei mindestens eine Kolonne (13) des Kolonnensystems einen Verdampfer-Kondensator (15) umfasst, der die Verdampfung einer gegenüber der Luft mit Sauerstoff angereicherten Flüssigkeit mit Hilfe eines Wärmetausches mit einem Wärmefluid (37) bewirken soll, wobei das Wärmefluid stromaufwärts des Verdampfer-Kondensators in einem Kompressor (61), der eine kryogener Eintrittstemperatur aufweist, verdichtet wurde, wobei das Wärmefluid zumindest teilweise in dem Verdampfer-Kondensator kondensiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine kryogene Flüssigkeit (45) dem Wärmefluid stromaufwärts des Verdampfer-Kondensators zugegeben wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die kryogene Flüssigkeit (45) von einem Teil des Wärmefluids nach seiner Kondensierung in dem Verdampfer-Kondensator (15) gebildet ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Kolonnensystem (11, 13) eine doppelte oder eine dreifache Kolonne ist, das Wärmefluid ein mit Stickstoff (37) angereicherter Strom ist, der aus einer der Kolonnen (11), die bei höherem Druck arbeitet, abgezogen wird, und der Erhitzer in einer anderen der Kolonnen ist, die bei niedrigerem Druck (13) arbeitet.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Verdampfer-Kondensator (11) ein Filmverdampfer ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die kryogene Flüssigkeit (45) entweder durch hydrostatischen Druck oder durch eine Pumpe unter Druck gesetzt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei wobei die kryogene Flüssigkeit dem Wärmefluid stromabwärts des Kompressors zugegeben wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die kryogene Flüssigkeit mindestens 75 Mol-% Stickstoff oder sogar mindestens 90 Mol-% Stickstoff enthält.
  8. Vorrichtung zur Trennung von Luft in einem Kolonnensystem durch Tieftemperaturdestillation, umfassend:
    a) ein Kolonnensystem (11, 13),
    b) einen Verdampfer-Kondensator (15), der dazu geeignet ist, eine gegenüber der Luft mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Flüssigkeit zu verdampfen,
    c) einen Luftkompressor,
    d) eine Leitung, die den Luftkompressor mit dem Kolonnensystem verbindet,
    e) einen Tieftemperaturkompressor (61) für das Wärmefluid, der mit einem Eingang des Verdampfer-Kondensators verbunden ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Leitung (45) für die Zuführung von kryogener Flüssigkeit umfasst, die mit dem Ausgang des Tieftemperaturkompressors und einem Eingang des Verdampfer-Kondensators verbunden ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Kolonnensystem eine doppelte oder eine dreifache Kolonne ist, wobei eine der Kolonnen, die bei niedrigerem Druck (13) arbeitet, den Verdampfer-Kondensator (15) in Form eines Sumpfverdampfers umfasst.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Tieftemperaturkompressor (61) mit dem Kopf einer der Kolonnen (11), die bei höherem Druck arbeitet, verbunden ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, umfassend Mittel, um eine kryogene Flüssigkeit unter Druck zu setzen, die dazu geeignet sind, eine Flüssigkeit, die in der Leitung zirkuliert, die den Ausgang des Verdampfer-Kondensators (15) mit dem Ausgang des Tieftemperaturkompressors (61) verbindet, unter Druck zu setzen.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, umfassend eine Bevorratung und die Leitung für die Zuführung von kryogener Flüssigkeit, welche die Bevorratung mit einem Punkt stromabwärts des Tieftemperaturkompressors und stromaufwärts des Verdampfer-Kondensators verbindet.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, wobei die Leitung den Ausgang des Verdampfer-Kondensators mit dem Ausgang des Tieftemperaturkompressors verbindet, ohne durch den Verdampfer-Kondensator hindurch zu verlaufen.
  14. Oxyfuel-Anlage, umfassend eine Vorrichtung zur Trennung von Luft nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13 und einen Kessel, der durch den Sauerstoff, der durch die Vorrichtung zur Trennung von Luft erzeugt wird, gespeist wird.
EP11707452.6A 2010-02-04 2011-02-03 Verfahren und anwendung zur lufttrennung durch kryogene destillation Not-in-force EP2531794B1 (de)

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FR1050775A FR2955926B1 (fr) 2010-02-04 2010-02-04 Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
PCT/FR2011/050212 WO2011095739A1 (fr) 2010-02-04 2011-02-03 Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique

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FR2990500A1 (fr) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-15 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
US11566841B2 (en) * 2019-11-27 2023-01-31 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic liquefier by integration with power plant

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GB2129115B (en) * 1982-10-27 1986-03-12 Air Prod & Chem Producing gaseous nitrogen
US5341646A (en) * 1993-07-15 1994-08-30 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Triple column distillation system for oxygen and pressurized nitrogen production
DE10205878A1 (de) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-21 Linde Ag Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegungsverfahren
US20070251267A1 (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-01 Bao Ha Cryogenic Air Separation Process
FR2930331B1 (fr) * 2008-04-22 2013-09-13 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
FR2930329A1 (fr) * 2008-04-22 2009-10-23 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique

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FR2955926B1 (fr) 2012-03-02
EP2531794A1 (de) 2012-12-12
ES2476285T3 (es) 2014-07-14
US9140491B2 (en) 2015-09-22
FR2955926A1 (fr) 2011-08-05
WO2011095739A1 (fr) 2011-08-11

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