EP2524174A1 - Système à volume d'air variable - Google Patents

Système à volume d'air variable

Info

Publication number
EP2524174A1
EP2524174A1 EP10843229A EP10843229A EP2524174A1 EP 2524174 A1 EP2524174 A1 EP 2524174A1 EP 10843229 A EP10843229 A EP 10843229A EP 10843229 A EP10843229 A EP 10843229A EP 2524174 A1 EP2524174 A1 EP 2524174A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
openness
damper
degree
fan
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10843229A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jin Soo Oh
Jun Ho Cho
Jung Kyu Yang
Jae Sin Choi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Publication of EP2524174A1 publication Critical patent/EP2524174A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/044—Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems
    • F24F3/0442—Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems with volume control at a constant temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/76—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by means responsive to temperature, e.g. bimetal springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • VAV variable air volume
  • VAV systems have had a pressure sensor installed in a duct, through which air flow is supplied to a respective zone to be served so that a fan could be controlled in accordance with the volume of air flow monitored by the pressure sensors.
  • the pressure sensor sends a signal indicative of the volume of air flow for use of controlling the fan's speed.
  • a plurality of pressure sensors need to be carefully installed in a proper place so that the pressure signals, which the sensors sense, closely represent the actual air flow of the system.
  • temperature sensors may be also used to control the fan in the VAV systems. Temperature sensors may be located in the zones air flow is provided and may provide data regarding how much of a cooling or heating load is required in each zone. The VAV system may use the cooling or heating data to control the fan speed.
  • the present disclosure is directed to controlling a fan in a VAV system taking into account that heating sources exist in each zone to be served and that there is a loss in conditioned air flow during delivery to each zone.
  • the method of controlling a fan of a VAV System includes determining a degree of openness for at least one damper based on temperature data of at least one zone; determining a weight for the degree of openness of the at least one damper; using the degree of openness with the weight to ascertain a weighted degree of openness of the at least one damper ; using the weighted degree of openness of the at least one damper to obtain a reference value for revolution speed of a fan; and controlling the revolution speed of the fan based on the reference value.
  • the VAV system includes at least one damper positioned to control air to at least one zone via at least one duct; an air conditioning portion that conditions air in the at least one duct; a fan that controls the air flow in the duct; and a system controller that determines a degree of openness of the at least one damper based on temperature data of the at least one zone, determines a weight for the degree of openness of the at least one damper, uses the degree of openness with the weights to ascertain a weighted degree of openness of the at least one damper, uses the weighted degree of openness of the at least one damper to obtain a reference value for revolution speed of a fan, and controls the revolution speed of the fan based on the reference value.
  • Fig. 1 is an illustration of a VAV system in a building according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a detailed block diagram of a VAV system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating the control scheme of a damper according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a process for controlling an open degree of a damper according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of a process for controlling revolution speed of a fan according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a VAV system in a building 100 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Building 100 may vary significantly in terms of size, or type.
  • building 100 may have several floors including multiple zones to be served, each of which may be a room, a set of rooms or a part of a room.
  • the zones may have the same dimensions or may differ.
  • the zones may be of different sizes, have a different number of windows of different sizes, number of residents, and number or type of heating sources.
  • Building 100 may be equipped to have VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c for each floor.
  • VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c may be located either inside or outside of building 100.
  • Each of the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c may have a plurality of ducts, each of which extends to each of the zones in the same floor as each VAV system.
  • the plurality of ducts may include supply air ducts 104a, 104b, and 104c and return air ducts 106a, 106b, and 106c.
  • Supply air ducts 104a, 104b, and 104c may supply air flow conditioned by each of the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c to each zone on the floor.
  • the return air ducts 106a, 106b, and 106c may return air supplied to each zone to each of the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c.
  • the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c may be connected with a fresh air duct 108, which provides fresh air from outside of building 100.
  • the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c can in some embodiments be air cooled one or water cooled according to the heat exchanger or condenser used therein.
  • the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c may be water cooled.
  • Water may be provided from a cooling tower 110 and is used to condensate hot gaseous refrigerant.
  • a cold water pipe 112 may deliver cold water from cooling tower 110 to the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c and a warm water pipe 114 may deliver warm water from the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c to cooling tower 110.
  • the VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c may receive air via return air ducts 106a, 106b and 106c, and/or fresh air duct 108 and change the condition of the received air by using an evaporator equipped in each VAV system.
  • VAV systems 102a, 102b, and 102c may change the temperature, humidity, air composition and other characteristics of the received air.
  • VAV system 200 may have supply air ducts 230a, 230b, 230c and 230d, and a return air duct 240 which are all coupled between each of zones A, B, C, and D and the VAV system 200.
  • Supply air ducts 230a, 230b, 230c and 230d may deliver conditioned air flow to zones A, B, C, and D, and the return air duct may return air from the zones A, B, C and D.
  • a fresh air duct 250 may provide VAV system 200 with fresh air from outside.
  • VAV system 200 may also include air conditioning portion 202, a fan 204, a fan actuator 206, dampers 208a, 208b, 208c and 208d, and damper actuators 210a, 210b, 210c and 210d, all of which are connected with a system controller 212 via communication bus 214.
  • System controller 212 may be in communication with other elements of VAV system 200 via communication bus 214.
  • Air conditioning portion 202 may include an evaporator, a condenser, a filter, a vapor provider or other devices associated with driving an air conditioning cycle.
  • air conditioning portion 202 may include a brazed plate heat exchanger (BPHE) to liquefy refrigerant vapor by removal of heat. Refrigerant flow into the BPHE may be controlled by a digital scroll compressor, which makes variable capacity control possible.
  • BPHE brazed plate heat exchanger
  • the air conditioning portion 202 may use water or air, although the present disclosure is directed to a water cooled system including a cooling tower coupled by a cold water pipe 260 and a warm water pipe 270.
  • the cold water pipe 260 may be equipped with a water flow switch, a variable flow valve and a constant flow valve.
  • the water flow switch may protect the air conditioning portion 202 by turning off the digital scroll compressor when the water is not supplied.
  • the variable and constant flow valves may work together when a thermostat sends an input signal to supply to the BPHE either a constant flow of water if the digital scroll compressor is not operating, or a variable flow of water if the digital scroll compressor is operating.
  • the condensed refrigerant may go into an evaporator where heat exchange also occurs between the refrigerant and air, thereby resulting in conditioned air flow as desired.
  • Fan 204 may drive the conditioned air to zones A, B, C, and D.
  • Fan 204 may be driven by fan actuator 206.
  • fan 204 may be coupled with fan actuator 206 through a mechanical linkage, gear assembly levers or the like to rotate the fan 204, thereby driving the conditioned air to zones A, B, C, and D.
  • Fan actuator 206 may receive a control signal from system controller 212 via communication bus 214. In response to the control signal, fan actuator 206 may rotate fan 204 at a predetermined rate, so that system controller 212 can control the total volume of air to be delivered to zones A, B, C and D.
  • fan actuator 206 may be a brushless DC ("BLDC”) motor.
  • Dampers 208a, 208b, 208c, and 208d may be positioned at each supply duct delivering conditioned air flow to each of the zone A, B, C and D. Dampers 208a, 208b, 208c, and 208d may be opened incrementally between the full open and the full close positions. The amount dampers 208a, 208b, 208c, and 208d are open may be controlled by each of the damper actuators 210a, 210b, 210c, and 210d, respectively. That is, damper actuators 210a, 210b, 210c, and 210d may control how much to open dampers 208a, 208b, 208c, and 208d.
  • Damper actuators 210a, 210b, 210c, and 210d may receive a control signal from the system controller 212.
  • damper actuators 210a, 210b, 210c, and 210d may move dampers 208a, 208b, 208c, and 208d to be opened a predetermined amount, respectively, so that system controller 212 can control the volume of air flow to be delivered to each of the zones A, B, C, and D.
  • the control signal may indicate to open each damper a certain percentage (Open%).
  • Open% The control signal in one embodiment is then transmitted to the damper actuators 210a, 210b, 210c, and 210d in the form of current strength.
  • the Open% signal can be mapped into the current strength transmitted to the damper actuator (where 0% open is closed, and 100% open is fully open). It should be appreciated that the number of dampers and the damper actuators varies in accordance with requirements for air conditioning in each build.
  • System controller 212 is operable to communicate with a plurality of elements in the VAV system 200 via communication bus 214.
  • System controller 212 may transmit control signals to damper actuators 210a, 210b, 210c, and 210d for controlling how much to open dampers 208a, 208b, 208c and 208d, and/or to fan actuator 206 for controlling revolution speed of fan 204.
  • damper actuators 210a, 210b, 210c, and 210d for controlling how much to open dampers 208a, 208b, 208c and 208d
  • fan actuator 206 for controlling revolution speed of fan 204.
  • system controller 212 may be operable to communicate with thermostats (not drawn), which are equipped in the zones to be served, via communication bus 214.
  • the thermostats may receive temperature set values by users, and may sense current temperature values with respect to the zones to be served.
  • System controller 212 may receive signals indicative of temperature set values and current temperature values of each zone from the thermostats.
  • system controller 212 may include a processing unit and a storage unit.
  • the processing unit may be a general purpose processor, an application specific processor, a programmable processor, a circuit containing one or more processing components, a group of distributed processing components, a group of distributed computers configured for processing, etc.
  • the processing unit is configured to execute and/or facilitate various control algorithms for controlling a fan's revolution speed and/or how much to open a damper .
  • the processing unit may be communicably coupled with the storage unit.
  • the storage unit may be one or more devices for storing data and/or computer code for controlling a fan's revolution speed and/or how much to open a damper.
  • the storage unit may include RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, etc. Any distributed and/or local memory device of the past, present, or future may be utilized with the systems and methods of this disclosure.
  • the processing unit may be programmable processors coupled with an EEPROM, which stores data and/or computer code for controlling a fan's revolution speed and/or how much a damper is to be open to be used for the purpose of allowing a user to configure stored data.
  • Fig. 4 is a flow diagram showing how to control how much to open a damper in a VAV system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the controlling process may be initiated via any number of activities (e.g., an initial user setting, a default setting, etc.)
  • the controlling process may be initiated automatically based on predetermined time intervals or performance characteristics, via input devices, via audio commands, or any combination thereof.
  • the controlling process may start with setting a temperature for each zone i, wherein the total number of the zones is n.
  • a temperature set value of zone i (“Temp_S i ") and a current temperature value of zone i (“Temp_C i ”) from a thermostat installed in each of zone i is received (step 402).
  • the difference between Temp_S i and Temp_C i may be calculated (step 404).
  • the difference of zone i may be defined as Temp_Ref_a i as follows:
  • the summation of a certain number of past Temp_Ref_a i may be calculated (step 406).
  • the summation may sum 20 latest Temp_Ref_a i .
  • the summation of zone i may be defined as Temp_Ref_b i as follows:
  • VAV_o i the amount to open damper i
  • Temp_Ref_a i the amount to open damper i
  • Temp_Ref_b i the amount to open damper i
  • K p represents a weight for Temp_Ref_a i
  • K i represents a weight for Temp_Ref_b i .
  • VAV_o i may represent Open% and be stored in a storage unit for subsequent controls in the VAV system (step 410).
  • the foregoing provides detailed descriptions on how to control how much to open the dampers used in a VAV system, the controlling may not be sufficient for convenient, efficient, and energy-saving air conditioning. This is partly because in a VAV system, not only dampers but also a fan of a VAV system can be involved in delivering conditioned air flow to zones to be served. In this regard, the present disclosure also suggests a way to control a fan's operation in a VAV system as well as the dampers as follows.
  • Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of a process for controlling revolution speed of a fan according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a weight to be assigned to the openness of damper i (VAV_w i ) is determined.
  • VAV_w i may reflect some circumstances in each of zone i, which may include zone dimensions, windows of different sizes, number of residents, number or type of heating sources, and potential loss of conditioned air flow during delivery to zone i.
  • the VAV_w i may be determined based on heat factors for zone i ("VAV_w i _h i ") and loss factors for zone i ("VAV_w i _l i ").
  • the heat factors for zone i (“VAV_w i _h i ") may represent any factors which may be associated with a cooling or heating load of zone i.
  • the VAV_w i _h i may include the size of the zone, the number or type of heat sources in zone i, and the number, size, type or direction of windows mounted in zone i.
  • a heat source may be a light , a personal computer, a television, or a type of kitchen appliance existing at zone i.
  • the loss factors for zone i (“VAV_w i _l i ") may represent any factors which may be associated with loss of air flow during delivery to zone i.
  • the VAV_w i _l i may include type, length or size of supply air ducts extending to zone i, existence or absence of a divergence in the supply air duct, and the type or number of diffusers located at the end of the supply air duct. To normalize heat factors and loss factors through all of the zones (1 ⁇ i ⁇ n; i is an integer), the summation of VAV_w i may be 1.
  • VAV_w i may be determined as follows:
  • VAV_o i is determined solely based on temperature data and may be not sufficient to determine revolution speed of a fan since VAV_o i cannot reflect the exact cooling or heating load of zone i and the volume loss of air flow to be delivered to zone i.
  • the temperature difference may not exactly reflect the total cooling or heating load of zone i or the likelihood of a change in the cooling or heating load of zone i.
  • a weighted openness for damper i (“Weighted_VAV_o i ”) may be calculated by utilizing for the openness of damper i (“VAV_o i ”) and a weight for the openness of damper i (“VAV_w i "). Weighted_VAV_o i may represent the volume of conditioned air to be delivered to each zone i while taking into consideration heat and/or loss factors.
  • Weighted_VAV_o i is calculated as:
  • Weighted_VAV_o i may be stored in a storage unit for allowing a user to configure the stored Weighted_VAV_o i in response to any changes in the heat and the loss factors (step 506)
  • step 510 calculates the sum of the weighted openness of dampers i ("Weighted_VAV_sum").
  • the summation may represent the total volume of air flow that should be driven by a fan to all of the zones (1 ⁇ i ⁇ n; i is an integer).
  • the summation is calculated as:
  • Weighted_VAV_sum may be calculated as follows:
  • Weighted_VAV_sum (40% ⁇ 0.10) + (20% ⁇ 0.15) + (60% ⁇ 0.45) + (30%
  • a reference value for revolution speed of a fan may be derived from Weighted_VAV_sum in a proportional manner.
  • the reference value for revolution speed of a fan may be revolutions per minute ("RPM").
  • RPM revolutions per minute
  • the reference value for revolution speed of a fan may increase linearly when Weighted_VAV_sum is within a certain range of the Weighted_VAV_sum.
  • the reference value for revolution speed of a fan may be defined as:
  • the reference value for revolution speed of a fan may increase stepwise when Weighted_VAV_sum is within a certain range.
  • the fan may run more stably, and noise caused by fluctuation in conditioned air flow may also decrease since the fluctuation of air flow attenuates.
  • the reference value for revolution speed of a fan may be defined as:
  • a fan may be controlled in accordance with the reference value for revolution speed of a fan (step 514).
  • a system controller may transmit a signal indicative of the reference value for revolution speed of a fan to a fan actuator, which is operatively associated with the fan. Then, the fan actuator may rotate the fan to have the revolution speed assigned to the value of revolution speed of the fan.
  • a fan actuator may be a BLDC motor.
  • the fan actuator may have a highly dynamic response to a control signal, improved speed-torque characteristic, efficient power consumption, and a widened range of variable revolution speed, etc., which helps to efficiently satisfy cooling or heating load from zones.
  • the systems shown in the figures may include wired communication links and/or wireless communications links for communication between components and/or with remote sources.
  • the wireless links may be formed according to a Bluetooth communications protocol, an IEEE 802.11 protocol, an IEEE 802.16 protocol, a cellular signal, a Shared Wireless Access Protocol-Cord Access (SWAP-CA) protocol, a wireless USB protocol, or any other suitable wireless technology.
  • Wired links may be established via Ethernet, USB technology, IEEE 1394 technology, optical technology, other serial or parallel port technology, or any other suitable wired link.
  • Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure include program products comprising machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon.
  • machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor.
  • machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor.
  • Machine-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function or group of functions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système à volume d'air variable (« VAV »). L'invention porte également sur un procédé de commande, d'un ventilateur d'un système à volume d'air variable, qui comprend la détermination d'un degré d'ouverture d'au moins un registre sur la base de données de température d'au moins une zone, la détermination de poids pour le degré d'ouverture du ou des registres, la multiplication du degré d'ouverture par les poids de façon à produire un degré d'ouverture pondéré du ou des registres, la totalisation du degré d'ouverture pondéré du ou des registres de façon à obtenir un résultat de totalisation du degré d'ouverture pondéré, et la commande d'une vitesse de rotation du ventilateur sur la base du résultat de totalisation.
EP10843229A 2010-01-12 2010-01-12 Système à volume d'air variable Withdrawn EP2524174A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/KR2010/000196 WO2011087163A1 (fr) 2010-01-12 2010-01-12 Système à volume d'air variable

Publications (1)

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EP2524174A1 true EP2524174A1 (fr) 2012-11-21

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EP10843229A Withdrawn EP2524174A1 (fr) 2010-01-12 2010-01-12 Système à volume d'air variable

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WO (1) WO2011087163A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT2846103T (pt) * 2013-09-05 2018-04-20 Ingevert 2000 S L Método de regulação para regular um sistema de ar condicionado
CN103822331B (zh) * 2014-02-18 2017-01-04 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 风管机系统及其控制方法和控制系统
GB2593080B (en) * 2018-11-08 2022-08-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Air-conditioning apparatus

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4549601A (en) * 1982-06-21 1985-10-29 Carrier Corporation Variable volume multizone system
US4552058A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-11-12 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Air flow control system having minimum variation in volume
US4630670A (en) * 1983-12-19 1986-12-23 Carrier Corporation Variable volume multizone system
JPS636334A (ja) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-12 Kubota Ltd 空気調和装置
JP3194220B2 (ja) * 1997-02-06 2001-07-30 株式会社山武 Ｖａｖ制御システム

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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