EP2518428A2 - Stacked heat exchanger - Google Patents

Stacked heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2518428A2
EP2518428A2 EP12165983A EP12165983A EP2518428A2 EP 2518428 A2 EP2518428 A2 EP 2518428A2 EP 12165983 A EP12165983 A EP 12165983A EP 12165983 A EP12165983 A EP 12165983A EP 2518428 A2 EP2518428 A2 EP 2518428A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
alloy
layer heat
cover plates
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12165983A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2518428B1 (en
EP2518428A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Heinrich Angermann
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Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2518428A2 publication Critical patent/EP2518428A2/en
Publication of EP2518428A3 publication Critical patent/EP2518428A3/en
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Publication of EP2518428B1 publication Critical patent/EP2518428B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a layer heat exchanger, in particular welded ferritic heat exchanger for high temperature applications, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a layer heat exchanger for example, by the applicant in the DE 10328274 A1 disclosed.
  • cover plates - suitable contoured sheets, possibly alternating with solder sheets, stacked in a Kassettiervorraum, suitably pre-pressed and welded while maintaining the tension boxes.
  • These boxes have the double benefit of being a lost soldering device to maintain the bias and to ensure the supply of material to the heat exchanger.
  • solder foils are not to be used, solder can also be supplied externally in a variety of ways before the boxes are welded on.
  • the thus pretreated layer heat exchanger is then sealed by soldering.
  • the Applicant discloses a layer heat exchanger, wherein the innerberichterypodtock is mechanically separated from the outer sealing housing by a decoupling device.
  • the decoupling device for example, a mineral fiber mat or a molded wire mesh, possibly with filling or foil cladding.
  • the disadvantage here is that although the thermo-mechanical decoupling is ensured, however, via the decoupling device, a leakage current from one flood to the other flood takes place, which affects the heat transfer performance.
  • the DE 10 2009 022 984 A1 discloses a heat exchanger which, relative to a soft core of, for example, Al-containing ferritic stainless steels, has a high-temperature-resistant housing, consisting for example of a Ni alloy.
  • the core is highly ductile to absorb stresses during high heating.
  • the base material contains enough aluminum to minimize corrosion phenomena such as oxidation or Cr evaporation.
  • the high strength and heat resistance of the box material ensures that the component remains tight to the outside, so that hydrogen can not escape under any circumstances.
  • a disadvantage of the known from the prior art Schichtskaschreibtragern, in particular the DE 10 2009 022 984 A1 is, however, that when used in conjunction with an APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) and the long run times of 15 to 20 Th, so much aluminum from the Al-containing ferritic base material diffuses into the cover plate and card material made of Ni alloys in the Al-containing ferrites the critical content of Al is exceeded, in order to be able to form the protective Al 2 O 3 layer. This leads to a so-called breakaway (catastrophic) oxidation with development of leaks in the layer heat exchanger.
  • APU Advanced Power Unit
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved layer heat exchanger of the type mentioned.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the cover plates and / or the housing of the Schichtumbleschreibtragers production moderately aluminum is added.
  • Manufacturing means here means that the cover plates and / or the housing of the Schicht3,esttragers already before the first operational use has a certain aluminum content.
  • a first embodiment provides that an alloy containing aluminum is provided for the cover plates and / or the housing in terms of production.
  • an alloy which already contains Al is selected for the production of the cover plates and / or the housing. This results in particular in a long-term corrosion-resistant weld joint of the Ni alloy (housing material) and the Al-containing ferritic stainless steel in the context of the application NKW (Nutz-Kraft-Wagen) -APU (Auxiliary Power Unit).
  • a further embodiment provides that a nickel alloy with at least 1.8 wt .-% aluminum is provided for the cover plates and / or the housing production moderately.
  • An alloy to be used could be the Nicrofer 6025 HHT alloy from ThyssenKrupp.
  • the alloy of the cover plates and / or the housing may also have higher Al values.
  • a further preferred embodiment provides that for the cover plates and / or the housing an aluminized material is provided with on a semi-finished material, in particular by heat treatment, on or introduced aluminum.
  • the Al is therefore not from the outset included as an alloying ingredient in the material, but is in a subsequent Process on the semi-finished material and possibly introduced by a heat treatment.
  • Applicable methods for depositing aluminum may be, for example, the fire aluminizing or the coating by means of chemical or electrochemical processes.
  • the aluminum can be introduced by powder packing or gas phase alters and / or introduced into the base material.
  • the Al content on and / or in the surface is inventively chosen so that even after a long time (several thousand hours) at high temperature, eg 900 ° C, while the Al content of coated semi-finished depending on the semifinished product thickness as a result of diffusion, the Al content of the Al 2 O 3 layer (interface) does not fall below 1.8% by weight,
  • an Al-containing ferritic alloy as box and / or cover plate material, wherein its strength, in particular the hot strength must be greater than that of the ferritic Al-containing Fe-based folded sheet material.
  • Advantages of such a material because the formation of strength-reducing NiAl phases is prevented (by diffusion of Al in a Ni-containing box and / or cover plate material) at the interface folding box / box or folding plate / cover plate, since the ferritic materials usually no Ni included. Should the ferritic Al-containing valuable material still contain Ni, then the proportion must be limited to ⁇ 10 wt .-%, in particular ⁇ 5 wt .-%.
  • an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with (in wt .-%) 2.0 to 4.5% Al, 12 to 25% Cr, 1.0 to 4% W, 0.25 to 2.0% Nb, 0.05 to 1.2% Si, 0.001 to 0.70% Mn, 0.001 to 0.030% C, 0.0001 to 0.05% Mg, 0.0001 to 0.03% Ca, 0.001 to 0.030% P, marx. 0.03% N, max. 0.01% S, balance iron and the usual melting impurities.
  • the elevated thermal resistance characteristics are provided by Laves phases. Mischkristallvedest Trent and finely divided carbides achieved.
  • Al-containing ferritic ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) Fe-based alloy is also possible.
  • Another variant is to use one of the aforementioned FeCrAl alloys for the boxes and a high-strength Al-containing Ni alloy as the cover plate material.
  • the advantage here is that no NiAl-excretions can form in the thermo-mechanically particularly stressed area between folded sheet metal block and welded boxes, but for the high voltages exposed cover plate, a high-strength alloy is used.
  • the layer heat exchanger can preferably be designed for operation with and / or for an auxiliary power application for high-temperature fuel cells, in particular in mobile vehicles.
  • the single FIGURE shows a layer heat exchanger 1 with its individual components in an exploded view.
  • the layer heat exchanger 1 consists on the one hand of a roughly cube-shaped or parallelepiped-shaped layer block 2, which is bounded by four end faces and two top surfaces. At the four end faces collecting tanks 3, 4, 5, 6 are used, which serve the supply and discharge of a first and a second heat exchanger medium. The top surfaces are closed by cover plates 7, 8.
  • the layer block 2 is shown above the Schichthoffauertragers 1 in an exploded view as a stack, which consists of contoured layer plates 9, 10th and consists of the two cover plates 7, 8.
  • the stack or layer block 2 can be completed and braced in a Kassettiervorraum, not shown. Thereafter, the fixation of the stack.
  • the cover plates 7, 8 or the housing 11 formed by the individual elements of the Schichtumbleübertragers 1 in this case have a certain, already existing before the first operational use, aluminum content.

Abstract

The bed heat exchanger (1), particularly ferritic welded heat exchanger, comprises the layer plates (9,10) that are held between the cover plates (7,8) or an outer housing (11). The cover plate or housing is provided with aluminum or nickel alloy in terms of production.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schichtwärmeübertrager, insbesondere geschweißten ferritischen Wärmeüberträger für Hochtemperaturanwendungen, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a layer heat exchanger, in particular welded ferritic heat exchanger for high temperature applications, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiger Schichtwärmeübertrager wird beispielsweise von der Anmelderin in der DE 10328274 A1 offenbart. Hier sind - von Deckplatten eingerahmt - geeignet konturierte Bleche, ggf. alternierend mit Lotfolien, in einer Kassettiervorrichtung gestapelt, geeignet vorgepresst und unter Beibehaltung der Spannung Kästen aufgeschweißt. Diese Kästen haben den Doppelnutzen als verlorene Lötvorrichtung die Vorspannung zu halten und die Stoffzufuhr zum Wärmeübertrager zu gewährleisten. Wenn keine Lotfolien verwendet werden sollen, kann Lot auf verschiedene Art und Weise auch von extern und zwar vor dem Aufschweißen der Kästen zugeführt werden. Der so vorbehandelte Schichtwärmeübertrager wird anschließend durch Löten abgedichtet.Such a layer heat exchanger, for example, by the applicant in the DE 10328274 A1 disclosed. Here are - framed by cover plates - suitable contoured sheets, possibly alternating with solder sheets, stacked in a Kassettiervorrichtung, suitably pre-pressed and welded while maintaining the tension boxes. These boxes have the double benefit of being a lost soldering device to maintain the bias and to ensure the supply of material to the heat exchanger. If solder foils are not to be used, solder can also be supplied externally in a variety of ways before the boxes are welded on. The thus pretreated layer heat exchanger is then sealed by soldering.

Ferner wird in der DE 10 2007 056 182 A1 der Anmelderin ein Schichtwärmeübertrager offenbart, bei dem der innere Wärmeübertragerbtock vom nach außen abdichtenden Gehäuse durch eine Entkopplungsvorrichtung mechanisch getrennt ist. Die Entkopplungsvorrichtung kann beispielsweise eine Mineralfasermatte oder ein formgepresstes Drahtgestrick, ggf. mit Füllung oder Folienumhüllung sein. Nachteilig ist hier, dass zwar die thermomechanische Entkopplung gewährleistet ist, jedoch über die Entkopplungsvorrichtung ein Leckstrom von einer Flut zur anderen Flut erfolgt, der die Wärmeübertragungsleistung beeinträchtigt.Furthermore, in the DE 10 2007 056 182 A1 the Applicant discloses a layer heat exchanger, wherein the inner Wärmeübertragerbtock is mechanically separated from the outer sealing housing by a decoupling device. The decoupling device, for example, a mineral fiber mat or a molded wire mesh, possibly with filling or foil cladding. The disadvantage here is that although the thermo-mechanical decoupling is ensured, however, via the decoupling device, a leakage current from one flood to the other flood takes place, which affects the heat transfer performance.

Die DE 10 2009 022 984 A1 offenbart einen Wärmeübertrager, der relativ zu einem weichen Kern aus beispielsweise Al-haltigen ferritischen Edelstählen ein hochwarmfesten Gehäuse, bestehend beispielsweise aus einer Ni-Legierung, aufweist. Der Kern ist hochduktil, um Spannungen während des Hochheizens aufzunehmen. Der Grundwerkstoff enthält genügend Aluminium, um Korrosionserscheinungen wie Oxidation oder Cr-Abdampfung zu minimieren. Die hohe Festigkeit und Warmfestigkeit des Kastenmaterials gewährleistet, dass die Komponente nach außen dicht bleibt, so dass unter keinen Umständen Wasserstoff austreten kann.The DE 10 2009 022 984 A1 discloses a heat exchanger which, relative to a soft core of, for example, Al-containing ferritic stainless steels, has a high-temperature-resistant housing, consisting for example of a Ni alloy. The core is highly ductile to absorb stresses during high heating. The base material contains enough aluminum to minimize corrosion phenomena such as oxidation or Cr evaporation. The high strength and heat resistance of the box material ensures that the component remains tight to the outside, so that hydrogen can not escape under any circumstances.

Nachteilig an den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Schichtwärmeübertragern, insbesondere der DE 10 2009 022 984 A1 , ist jedoch, dass bei einer Anwendung in Verbindung mit einem APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) und den dortigen langen Laufzeiten von 15 bis 20 Th so viel Aluminium vom Al-haltigen ferritischem Grundwerkstoff in das Deckplatten- und Kartenmaterial aus Ni-Legierungen abdiffundiert, dass im Al-haltigen Ferriten der kritische Gehalt an Al unterschritten wird, um die schützende Al2O3 -Schicht ausbilden zu können. Es kommt dadurch zu einer so genannter breakaway (katastrophalen) Oxidation mit Entwicklung von Undichtigkeiten im Schichtwärmeübertrager.A disadvantage of the known from the prior art Schichtwärmeübertragern, in particular the DE 10 2009 022 984 A1 is, however, that when used in conjunction with an APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) and the long run times of 15 to 20 Th, so much aluminum from the Al-containing ferritic base material diffuses into the cover plate and card material made of Ni alloys in the Al-containing ferrites the critical content of Al is exceeded, in order to be able to form the protective Al 2 O 3 layer. This leads to a so-called breakaway (catastrophic) oxidation with development of leaks in the layer heat exchanger.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen verbesserten Schichtwärmeübertrager der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved layer heat exchanger of the type mentioned.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Schichtwärmeübertrager mit den Merkmalen des Anspruch 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by a layer heat exchanger with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch, dass den Deckplatten und/oder dem Gehäuse des Schichtwärmeübertragers fertigungsmäßig ebenfalls Aluminium beigegeben ist. Fertigungsmäßig bedeutet hierbei, dass die Deckplatten und/oder das Gehäuse des Schichtwärmeübertragers bereits vor der ersten betriebsmäßigen Nutzung einen bestimmten Aluminiumanteil aufweist.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the cover plates and / or the housing of the Schichtwärmeübertragers production moderately aluminum is added. Manufacturing means here means that the cover plates and / or the housing of the Schichtwärmeübertragers already before the first operational use has a certain aluminum content.

Eine erste Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass für die Deckplatten und/oder das Gehäuse fertigungsmäßig eine Legierung vorgesehen ist, die Aluminium enthält, Mit anderen Worten, wird für die Herstellung der Deckplatten und und/oder des Gehäuses eine Legierung gewählt, die bereits Al enthält, Daraus ergibt sich insbesondere eine langfristige im Rahmen der Anwendung NKW (Nutz-Kraft-Wagen)-APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) korrosionsbeständige Schweißverbindung der Ni-Legierung (Gehäusematerial) und dem Al-haltigem ferritischen Edelstahl.A first embodiment provides that an alloy containing aluminum is provided for the cover plates and / or the housing in terms of production. In other words, an alloy which already contains Al is selected for the production of the cover plates and / or the housing. This results in particular in a long-term corrosion-resistant weld joint of the Ni alloy (housing material) and the Al-containing ferritic stainless steel in the context of the application NKW (Nutz-Kraft-Wagen) -APU (Auxiliary Power Unit).

Eine weitere Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass für die Deckplatten und/oder das Gehäuse fertigungsmäßig eine Nickellegierung mit mindestens 1,8 Gew.-% Aluminium vorgesehen ist. Eine beispielsweise zu verwendende Legierung könnte die Legierung Nicrofer 6025 HHT der Firma ThyssenKrupp darstellen.A further embodiment provides that a nickel alloy with at least 1.8 wt .-% aluminum is provided for the cover plates and / or the housing production moderately. An alloy to be used, for example, could be the Nicrofer 6025 HHT alloy from ThyssenKrupp.

Um die Abdiffusion von Aluminium weiter zu beschränken, kann die Legierung der Deckplatten und/oder des Gehäuses auch höhere Al-Werte aufweisen. Beispielhaft sei hier die Ni-Legierung Haynes214 aufgeführt, welche ca. 4,5 % Al enthält,In order to further restrict the diffusion of aluminum, the alloy of the cover plates and / or the housing may also have higher Al values. By way of example, mention may be made of the Ni alloy Haynes214, which contains about 4.5% Al,

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass für die Deckplatten und/oder das Gehäuse ein aluminisierter Werkstoff mit auf ein Halbzeugmaterial, insbesondere durch Wärmebehandlung, auf- bzw. eingebrachtem Aluminium vorgesehen ist. Hier ist das Al somit nicht von vorne herein als Legierungsbestandteil im Material enthalten, sondern wird in einem nachträglichen Prozess auf das Halbzeugmaterial auf- und ggf. auch durch eine Wärmebehandlung eingebracht. Anzuwendende Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Aluminium können beispielsweise das Feueraluminisieren oder das Beschichten mittels chemischer oder elektrochemischer Prozesse sein. Beispielsweise kann das Aluminium durch Pulverpack- oder Gasphasenaliteren auf- und/oder in den Grundwerkstoff eingebracht werden.A further preferred embodiment provides that for the cover plates and / or the housing an aluminized material is provided with on a semi-finished material, in particular by heat treatment, on or introduced aluminum. Here, the Al is therefore not from the outset included as an alloying ingredient in the material, but is in a subsequent Process on the semi-finished material and possibly introduced by a heat treatment. Applicable methods for depositing aluminum may be, for example, the fire aluminizing or the coating by means of chemical or electrochemical processes. For example, the aluminum can be introduced by powder packing or gas phase alters and / or introduced into the base material.

Der Al- Gehalt auf und/oder in der Oberfläche ist dabei erfindungsgemäß so gewählt, dass auch nach längerer Zeit (mehrere Tausend Stunden) auf hoher Temperatur, z.B. 900 °C, währenddessen sich der Al-Gehalt von beschichtetem Halbzeug in Abhängigkeit von der Halbzeugdicke durch Diffusion vergieichmäßigt, der Al-Gehalt an der Al2O3 -Schicht (Grenzfläche) nicht unter 1,8 Gew.-% fällt,The Al content on and / or in the surface is inventively chosen so that even after a long time (several thousand hours) at high temperature, eg 900 ° C, while the Al content of coated semi-finished depending on the semifinished product thickness as a result of diffusion, the Al content of the Al 2 O 3 layer (interface) does not fall below 1.8% by weight,

Möglich und sogar bevorzugt ist die Verwendung einer Al-haltigen ferritischen Legierung als Kasten- und/oder Deckplattenmaterial, wobei dessen Festigkeit, insbesondere die Warmfestigkeit größer als die des ferritischen Al-haltigen Fe-Basis Falzblechmaterials sein muss. Vorteile bringt ein solches Material, weil die Bildung von festigkeitsreduzierenden NiAl-Phasen (durch Eindiffusion von Al in einen Ni-haltigen Kasten- und/oder Deckplattenwerkstoff) an der Grenzfläche Falzblech/Kasten oder Falzblech/Deckplatte unterbunden ist, da die ferritischen Werkstoffe üblicherweise kein Ni enthalten. Sollte der ferritische Al-haltige Wertstoff trotzdem Ni enthalten, dann muss der Anteil auf <10 Gew.-%, insbesondere < 5 Gew.-% beschränkt sein. Als Werkstoff in Frage kommt beispielsweise eine Eisen-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung mit (in Gew.-%) 2,0 bis 4,5% Al, 12 bis 25% Cr, 1,0 bis 4% W, 0,25 bis 2,0% Nb, 0,05 bis 1,2% Si, 0,001 bis 0,70% Mn, 0,001 bis 0,030% C, 0,0001 bis 0,05% Mg, 0,0001 bis 0,03% Ca, 0,001 bis 0,030% P, marx. 0,03% N, max. 0,01% S, Rest Eisen und den üblichen erschmelzungsbedingten Verunreinigungen. Die erhöhten Warmfestigkeitskennwerte werden durch Laves-Phasen. Mischkristallvedestigung und fein verteilte Karbide erzielt.Possible and even preferred is the use of an Al-containing ferritic alloy as box and / or cover plate material, wherein its strength, in particular the hot strength must be greater than that of the ferritic Al-containing Fe-based folded sheet material. Advantages of such a material, because the formation of strength-reducing NiAl phases is prevented (by diffusion of Al in a Ni-containing box and / or cover plate material) at the interface folding box / box or folding plate / cover plate, since the ferritic materials usually no Ni included. Should the ferritic Al-containing valuable material still contain Ni, then the proportion must be limited to <10 wt .-%, in particular <5 wt .-%. As a material in question, for example, comes an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with (in wt .-%) 2.0 to 4.5% Al, 12 to 25% Cr, 1.0 to 4% W, 0.25 to 2.0% Nb, 0.05 to 1.2% Si, 0.001 to 0.70% Mn, 0.001 to 0.030% C, 0.0001 to 0.05% Mg, 0.0001 to 0.03% Ca, 0.001 to 0.030% P, marx. 0.03% N, max. 0.01% S, balance iron and the usual melting impurities. The elevated thermal resistance characteristics are provided by Laves phases. Mischkristallvedestigung and finely divided carbides achieved.

Möglich ist auch eine Al-haltige ferritische ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) Fe-Basis Legierung.wie z:B. die Legierung PM 2000 der Fa. Plansee.Also possible is an Al-containing ferritic ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) Fe-based alloy. the alloy PM 2000 of the company Plansee.

Eine weitere Variante ist es, für die Kästen eine der vorbezeichneten FeCrAl-Legierungen zu verwenden und als Deckplattenmaterial eine hochfeste Al-haltige Ni-Legierung. Der Vorteil ist hier, dass in dem thermomechanisch besonders belasteten Bereich zwischen Falzblechblock und aufgeschweißten Kästen keine NiAl-Auscheidungen sich bilden können, jedoch für die hohe Spannungen ausgesetzte Deckplatte eine hochfeste Legierung verwendet wird.Another variant is to use one of the aforementioned FeCrAl alloys for the boxes and a high-strength Al-containing Ni alloy as the cover plate material. The advantage here is that no NiAl-excretions can form in the thermo-mechanically particularly stressed area between folded sheet metal block and welded boxes, but for the high voltages exposed cover plate, a high-strength alloy is used.

Vorzugsweise kann der Schichtwärmeübertragers für den Betrieb mit und/oder für eine "Auxiliary Power"-Anwendung für Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen, insbesondere in mobilen Fahrzeugen, ausgelegt sein.The layer heat exchanger can preferably be designed for operation with and / or for an auxiliary power application for high-temperature fuel cells, in particular in mobile vehicles.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung beschrieben ist. Dabei können die in den Ansprüchen und in der Beschreibung erwähnten Merkmale jeweils einzeln für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination erfindungswesentlich sein.Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which an embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may each be essential to the invention individually or in any desired combination.

Die einzige Figur zeigt einen Schichtwärmeübertrager 1 mit seinen einzelnen Komponenten in Explosivdarstellung. Der Schichtwärmeübertrager 1 besteht einerseits aus einem etwa würfel- oder quaderförmig ausgebildeten Schichtblock 2, welcher durch vier Stirnflächen und zwei Deckflächen begrenzt wird. An die vier Stirnflächen werden Sammelkästen 3, 4, 5, 6 angesetzt, welche der Zu- und Abfuhr eines ersten und eines zweiten Wärmetauschermediums dienen. Die Deckflächen werden durch Deckplatten 7, 8 abgeschlossen. Der Schichtblock 2, ist oberhalb des Schichtwärmeübertragers 1 in Explosivdarstellung als Stapel dargestellt, welcher aus konturierten Schichtplatten 9, 10 sowie aus den beiden Deckplatten 7, 8 besteht. In der Zeichnung sind lediglich zwei Schichtplatten 9, 10 mit unterschiedlich ausgerichteter Konturierung (Stege und Kanäle) dargestellt - tatsächlich weist der Stapel bzw. Schichtblock 2 natürlich eine Vielzahl von Schichtplatten auf. Beispielsweise kann der Schichtblock 2 in einer nicht dargestellten Kassettiervorrichtung komplettiert und verspannt werden. Danach erfolgt die Fixierung des Stapels.The single FIGURE shows a layer heat exchanger 1 with its individual components in an exploded view. The layer heat exchanger 1 consists on the one hand of a roughly cube-shaped or parallelepiped-shaped layer block 2, which is bounded by four end faces and two top surfaces. At the four end faces collecting tanks 3, 4, 5, 6 are used, which serve the supply and discharge of a first and a second heat exchanger medium. The top surfaces are closed by cover plates 7, 8. The layer block 2, is shown above the Schichtwärmeübertragers 1 in an exploded view as a stack, which consists of contoured layer plates 9, 10th and consists of the two cover plates 7, 8. In the drawing, only two layer plates 9, 10 are shown with differently oriented contouring (webs and channels) - in fact, the stack or layer block 2, of course, a plurality of sandwich plates. For example, the layer block 2 can be completed and braced in a Kassettiervorrichtung, not shown. Thereafter, the fixation of the stack.

Die Deckplatten 7, 8 bzw. das durch die Einzelelemente gebildete Gehäuse 11 des Schichtwärmeübertragers 1 weisen dabei einen bestimmten, bereits vor der ersten betriebsmäßigen Nutzung vorhandenen, Aluminiumanteil auf.The cover plates 7, 8 or the housing 11 formed by the individual elements of the Schichtwärmeübertragers 1 in this case have a certain, already existing before the first operational use, aluminum content.

Claims (10)

Schichtwärmeübertrager (1), insbesondere ferritisch geschweißten Wärmeüberträger für Hochtemperaturanwendung, dessen Schichtplatten (9, 10) zwischen Deckplatten (7, 8) und/oder äußerem Gehäuse (11) gehalten sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den Deckplatten (7, 8) und/oder dem Gehäuse (11) fertigungsmäßig Aluminium beigegeben ist.Layer heat exchanger (1), in particular ferritically welded heat exchanger for high-temperature application, whose sandwich panels (9, 10) between cover plates (7, 8) and / or outer housing (11) are held, characterized in that the cover plates (7, 8) and / or the housing (11) manufacturing aluminum is added. Schichtwärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Deckplatten (7, 8) und/oder das Gehäuse (11) fertigungsmäßig eine Legierung vorgesehen ist, die Aluminium enthält.Layer heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that for the cover plates (7, 8) and / or the housing (11) manufacturing moderate an alloy is provided which contains aluminum. Schichtwärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Deckplatten (7, 8) und/oder das Gehäuse (11) fertigungsmäßig eine ferritische Al-haltige Fe-Basis-Legierung vorgesehen ist, deren Festigkeit größer ist als die des Materials der Schichtplatten (9,10).Layer heat exchanger according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that for the cover plates (7, 8) and / or the housing (11) manufacturing moderately a ferritic Al-containing Fe-base alloy is provided, whose strength is greater than that of Material of the sandwich panels (9,10). Schichtwärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung besteht aus (in Gew.-%) 2,0 bis 4,5% Al, 12 bis 25% Cr, 1,0 bis 4% W, 0,25 bis 2,0% Nb, 0,05 bis 1,2% Si, 0,001 bis 0,70% Mn, 0,001 bis 0,030% C, 0,0001 bis 0,05% Mg, 0,0001 bis 0,03% Ca, 0,001 bis 0,030% P, max. 0,03% N, max. 0,01% S, Rest Eisen und den üblichen erschmelzungsbedingten Verunreinigungen.Layer heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the alloy consists of (in wt .-%) 2.0 to 4.5% Al, 12 to 25% Cr, 1.0 to 4% W, 0.25 to 2, 0% Nb, 0.05 to 1.2% Si, 0.001 to 0.70% Mn, 0.001 to 0.030% C, 0.0001 to 0.05% Mg, 0.0001 to 0.03% Ca, 0.001 to 0.030% P, max. 0.03% N, max. 0.01% S, balance iron and the usual melting impurities. Schichtwärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung eine ODS Legierung istLayer heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the alloy is an ODS alloy Schichtwärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Deckplatten (7, 8) und/oder das Gehäuse (11) fertigungsmäßig eine Nickellegierung mit mindestens 1,8 Gew.-% Aluminium vorgesehen ist.Layer heat exchanger according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that for the cover plates (7, 8) and / or the housing (11) in terms of production a nickel alloy is provided with at least 1.8 wt .-% aluminum. Schichtwärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Deckplatten (7, 8) und/oder das Gehäuse (11) fertigungsmäßtig eine Nickellegerung mit 4,5 Gew.-% Aluminium vorgesehen ist,Layer heat exchanger according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that for the cover plates (7, 8) and / or the housing (11) in accordance with the production a nickel alloy is provided with 4.5 wt .-% aluminum, Schichtwärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Deckplatten (7, 8) und/oder das Gehäuse (11) ein aluminisierter Werkstoff mit auf ein Halbzeugmaterial, insbesondere durch Wärmebehandlung, auf- bzw. eingebrachtem Aluminium vorgesehen ist.Layer heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that for the cover plates (7, 8) and / or the housing (11) an aluminized material with on a semi-finished material, in particular by heat treatment, up or introduced aluminum is provided. Schichtwärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Kästen eine hochfeste FeCrAl-Legierung gemäß Anspruch 3 und/oder 4 und für die Deckplatten ein hochfeste Al-haltige Ni-Legierung gemäß Anspruch 6 bis 8 verwendet wird.Layer heat exchanger according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that a high-strength FeCrAl alloy according to claim 3 and / or 4 and for the cover plates, a high-strength Al-containing Ni alloy according to claim 6 to 8 is used for the boxes. Schichtwärmeübertrager nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine "auxiliary power"-Anwendung für Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen, insbesondere in mobilen Fahrzeugen, vorgesehen ist.Layer heat exchanger according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an "auxiliary power" application is provided for high-temperature fuel cells, in particular in mobile vehicles.
EP12165983.3A 2011-04-28 2012-04-27 Stacked heat exchanger Active EP2518428B1 (en)

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DE202011005693U1 (en) 2011-09-26
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EP2518428B1 (en) 2021-05-19
EP2518428A3 (en) 2014-04-16

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